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Western Weekly Reports WESTERN WEEKLY REPORTS Reports of Cases Decided in the Courts of Western Canada and Certain Decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada 2016-VOLUME 3 (Cited [2016] 3 W.W.R.) All cases of value from the courts of Western Canada and appeals therefrom to the Supreme Court of Canada SELECTION EDITOR Walter J. Watson, B.A., LL.B. ASSOCIATE EDITORS (Alberta) E. Mirth, Q.C. (British Columbia) Darrell E. Burns, LL.B., LL.M. (Manitoba) E. Arthur Braid, Q.C. (Saskatchewan) Greg Fingas, B.A., LL.B. CARSWELL EDITORIAL STAFF Cheryl L. McPherson, B.A.(HONS.) Director, Primary Content Operations Audrey Wineberg, B.A.(HONS.), LL.B. Product Development Manager Nicole Ross, B.A., LL.B. Supervisor, Legal Writing Julia Fischer, B.A.(HONS.), LL.B. Supervisor, Legal Writing Natasha Major, B.A., LL.B. Senior Legal Writer Donna Dickson Content Editor WESTERN WEEKLY REPORTS is published 48 times per year. Subscrip- Western Weekly Reports est publi´e 48 fois par ann´ee. L’abonnement est de tion rate $451.00 per bound volume including parts. Indexed: Carswell’s In- 451 $ par volume reli´e incluant les fascicules. Indexation: Index a` la docu- dex to Canadian Legal Literature. mentation juridique au Canada de Carswell. Editorial Offices are also located at the following address: 430 rue St. Pierre, Le bureau de la r´edaction est situ´e a` Montr´eal — 430, rue St. Pierre, Mon- Montr´eal, Qu´ebec, H2Y 2M5. tr´eal, Qu´ebec, H2Y 2M5. ________ ________ © 2016 Thomson Reuters Canada Limited © 2016 Thomson Reuters Canada Limit´ee NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER: All rights reserved. No part of this publica- MISE EN GARDE ET AVIS D’EXONERATION´ DE RESPON- tion may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any SABILITE´ : Tous droits r´eserv´es. Il est interdit de reproduire, m´emoriser sur form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or un syst`eme d’extraction de donn´ees ou de transmettre, sous quelque forme ou otherwise, without the prior written consent of the publisher (Thomson par quelque moyen que ce soit, electronique´ ou m´ecanique, photocopie, enre- Reuters). gistrement ou autre, tout ou partie de la pr´esente publication, `a moins d’en avoir pr´ealablement obtenu l’autorisation ecrite´ de l’´editeur, Thomson Reuters. 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Si vous avez counting, or other professional advice. If legal advice or other expert assis- besoin d’un avis juridique ou d’un autre avis professionnel, vous devez tance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. retenir les services d’un avocat ou d’un autre professionnel. Les analyses The analysis contained herein should in no way be construed as being either comprises dans les pr´esentes ne doivent etreˆ interpr´et´ees d’aucune fa¸con official or unofficial policy of any governmental body. comme etant´ des politiques officielles ou non officielles de quelque organ- isme gouvernemental que ce soit. 8 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of 8 Le papier utilis´e dans cette publication satisfait aux exigences minimales American National Standard for Information Sciences — Permanence of Pa- de l’American National Standard for Information Sciences — Permanence of per for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. ISSN 0049-7525 ISBN 978-0-7798-7039-4 Printed in Canada by Thomson Reuters THOMSON REUTERS One Corporate Plaza Customer Relations 2075 Kennedy Road Toronto 1-416-609-3800 Toronto, Ontario Elsewhere in Canada/U.S. 1-800-387-5164 M1T 3V4 Fax 1-416-298-5082 www.carswell.com Contact www.carswell.com/email Ktunaxa Nation Council v. British Columbia 423 [Indexed as: Ktunaxa Nation Council v. British Columbia (Minister of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations)] Ktunaxa Nation Council and Kathryn Teneese, on their own behalf and on behalf of all citizens of the Ktunaxa Nation, Appellants (Petitioners) and Minister of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations and Glacier Resorts Ltd., Respondents (Respondents) British Columbia Court of Appeal Docket: Vancouver CA41783 2015 BCCA 352 Lowry, Bennett, Goepel JJ.A. Heard: May 29, 2015 Judgment: August 6, 2015 Aboriginal law –––– Constitutional issues — Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms –––– Respondent company began long process to obtain permis- sion to build year-round ski resort on Crown land — Petitioner First Nation K believed that proposed resort lay at heart of central area of paramount signifi- cance, Q — K maintained that Q was Grizzly Bear Spirit’s home or territory and development of proposed resort within area of Q would constitute desecration, effect of which would be to irreparably harm relationship with Grizzly Bear Spirit — K and respondent Minister of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Op- erations entered into formal consultation agreement — Extensive changes had been made to proposed resort to accommodate K’s concerns and asserted Ab- original rights — Minister approved master development agreement with com- pany — K sought judicial review — Chambers judge held that s. 2(a) of Cana- dian Charter of Rights and Freedoms did not confer right to restrict otherwise lawful use of land on basis that such use would result in loss of meaning to religious practices carried on elsewhere — Chambers judge held that process of consultation and accommodation of asserted Aboriginal rights under s. 35 of Constitution Act was reasonable — K appealed — Appeal dismissed — Cham- bers judge took too narrow approach; presence of coercion or constraint on indi- vidual conduct is not only means by which claimant may demonstrate an in- fringement of s. 2(a) of Charter — However, s. 2(a) did not extend to protect particular religious belief asserted by K in this case — Material effect on s. 2(a) Charter right was loss of meaning produced by alleged desecration of sacred site — Alleged state interference consisted of type of prohibited human activity that had consequential impact on spiritual fulfilment of K religious community as whole — Traditional framework of analysis for s. 2(a) was based on under- standing of asserted religious beliefs being private, belonging to individual — K 424 WESTERN WEEKLY REPORTS [2016] 3 W.W.R. derived subjective meaning from practice that required others to refrain from development in Q — K derived subjective spiritual meaning from, and submit that vitality of their religious community as whole depends on, requirement im- posing constraints on people who do not share that same religious belief — It was not consonant with Charter principles to say that group, in asserting pro- tected right under s. 2(a) that implicates vitality of their religious community, is then capable of restraining and restricting behaviour of others who do not share that belief in name of preserving subjective religious meaning — Minister’s de- cision to approve master development agreement did not violate K’s freedom of religion guaranteed under s.
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