Special Invertebrate Models and Integrative Medical Applications: Regulations, Mechanisms, and Therapies

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Special Invertebrate Models and Integrative Medical Applications: Regulations, Mechanisms, and Therapies Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Special Invertebrate Models and Integrative Medical Applications: Regulations, Mechanisms, and Therapies Guest Editors: Chih-Yang Huang, Edwin L. Cooper, Catherine Fang-Yeu Poh, Wei-Wen Kuo, Tung-Sheng Chen, and Ronald Sherman Special Invertebrate Models and Integrative Medical Applications: Regulations, Mechanisms, and Therapies Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Special Invertebrate Models and Integrative Medical Applications: Regulations, Mechanisms, and Therapies Guest Editors: Chih-Yang Huang, Edwin L. Cooper, Catherine Fang-Yeu Poh, Wei-Wen Kuo, Tung-Sheng Chen, and Ronald Sherman Copyright © 2014 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board Mahmood A. Abdulla, Malaysia Jen-Hwey Chiu, Taiwan Ching-Liang Hsieh, Taiwan Jon Adams, Australia Jae Youl Cho, Korea Jing Hu, China Zuraini Ahmad, Malaysia W. Chi-shing Cho, Hong Kong Sheng-Teng Huang, Taiwan U. Paulino Albuquerque, Brazil Seung-Hun Cho, Republic of Korea BennyTanKwongHuat,Singapore Gianni Allais, Italy Chee Yan Choo, Malaysia Roman Huber, Germany Terje Alraek, Norway Li-Fang Chou, Taiwan Angelo Antonio Izzo, Italy Souliman Amrani, Morocco Ryowon Choue, Republic of Korea Suresh Jadhav, India Akshay Anand, India Shuang-En Chuang, Taiwan Kanokwan Jarukamjorn, Thailand Shrikant Anant, USA Joo-Ho Chung, Republic of Korea Yong Jiang , China Manuel Arroyo-Morales, Spain Edwin L. Cooper, USA Zheng L. Jiang, China S. M. B. Asdaq, Saudi Arabia Meng Cui, China Stefanie Joos, Germany Seddigheh Asgary, Iran R. K. Nakamura Cuman, Brazil ZeevLKain,USA Hyunsu Bae, Republic of Korea Vincenzo De Feo, Italy Osamu Kanauchi, Japan Lijun Bai, China Roc´ıo De la Puerta Vazquez,´ Spain Wenyi Kang, China Sandip K. Bandyopadhyay, India Martin Descarreaux, USA Dae Gill Kang, Republic of Korea Sarang Bani, India Alexandra Deters, Germany Shao-Hsuan Kao, Taiwan Vassya Bankova, Bulgaria S. S. K. Durairajan, Hong Kong Krishna Kaphle, Nepal Winfried Banzer, Germany Mohamed Eddouks, Morocco Kenji Kawakita, Japan Vernon A. Barnes, USA Thomas Efferth, Germany Jong Yeol Kim, Republic of Korea Samra Bashir, Pakistan Tobias Esch, USA Cheorl-Ho Kim, Republic of Korea Jairo Kenupp Bastos, Brazil Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani, Iran Youn Chul Kim, Republic of Korea Sujit Basu, USA Nianping Feng, China Yoshiyuki Kimura, Japan David Baxter, New Zealand Yibin Feng, Hong Kong Joshua K. Ko, China Andre-Michael Beer, Germany Patricia Dias Fernandes, Brazil Toshiaki Kogure, Japan Alvin J. Beitz, USA Josue Fernandez-Carnero, Spain Jian Kong, USA Yong Chool Boo, Republic of Korea Juliano Ferreira, Brazil Nandakumar Krishnadas, India Francesca Borrelli, Italy Fabio Firenzuoli, Italy Yiu Wa Kwan, Hong Kong Gloria Brusotti, Italy Peter Fisher, UK Kuang Chi Lai, Taiwan Ishfaq A. Bukhari, Pakistan W. F. Fong, Hong Kong Ching Lan, Taiwan Arndt Bussing,¨ Germany Joel J. Gagnier, Canada Lixing Lao, Hong Kong Rainer W. Bussmann, USA Siew Hua Gan, Malaysia Clara Bik-San Lau, Hong Kong Raffaele Capasso, Italy Jian-Li Gao, China Jang-Hern Lee, Republic of Korea Opher Caspi, Israel Gabino Garrido, Chile Myeong Soo Lee, Republic of Korea Han Chae, Korea M. Nabeel Ghayur, Pakistan Tat leang Lee, Singapore Shun-Wan Chan, Hong Kong A. Hassan Gilani, Pakistan Christian Lehmann, Canada Il-Moo Chang, Republic of Korea Michael Goldstein, USA Marco Leonti, Italy Rajnish Chaturvedi, India Mahabir P. Gupta, Panama Ping-Chung Leung, Hong Kong Chun Tao Che, USA Svein Haavik, Norway Lawrence Leung, Canada Hubiao Chen, Hong Kong Abid Hamid, India Kwok Nam Leung, Hong Kong Jian-Guo Chen, China N. Hanazaki, Brazil Ping Li, China Kevin Chen, USA KB Harikumar, India Min Li, China Tzeng-Ji Chen, Taiwan Cory S. Harris, Canada Man Li, China Yunfei Chen, China Thierry Hennebelle, France ChunGuang Li, Australia Juei-Tang Cheng, Taiwan Seung-Heon Hong, Korea Xiu-Min Li, USA Evan Paul Cherniack, USA Markus Horneber, Germany Shao Li, China Yong Hong Liao, China Xianqin Qu, Australia Evelin Tiralongo, Australia Bi-Fong Lin, Taiwan CassandraL.Quave,USA Stephanie Tjen-A-Looi, USA Wen Chuan Lin, China Roja Rahimi, Iran MichaThlfj Tomczyk, Poland Christopher G. Lis, USA Khalid Rahman, UK Yao Tong, Hong Kong Gerhard Litscher, Austria Cheppail Ramachandran, USA K. Wah-Keung Tsim, Hong Kong I-Min Liu, Taiwan Gamal Ramadan, Egypt Volkan Tugcu, Turkey Ke Liu, China Ke Ren, USA Yew-Min Tzeng, Taiwan Yijun Liu, USA Man Hee Rhee, Republic of Korea Dawn M. Upchurch, USA Gaofeng Liu, China Mee-Ra Rhyu, Republic of Korea MarynaVandeVenter,SouthAfrica Cun-Zhi Liu, China JoseLuisR´ ´ıos, Spain Sandy van Vuuren, South Africa Gail B. Mahady, USA Paolo Roberti di Sarsina, Italy Alfredo Vannacci, Italy Juraj Majtan, Slovakia Bashar Saad, Palestinian Authority Mani Vasudevan, Malaysia Subhash C. Mandal, India Sumaira Sahreen, Pakistan Carlo Ventura, Italy Jeanine L. Marnewick, South Africa Omar Said, Israel Wagner Vilegas, Brazil Virginia S. Martino, Argentina Luis A. Salazar-Olivo, Mexico Pradeep Visen, Canada James H. McAuley, Australia Mohd. Zaki Salleh, Malaysia Aristo Vojdani, USA Karin Meissner, Germany Andreas Sandner-Kiesling, Austria Y. Wang, USA Andreas Michalsen, Germany Adair Santos, Brazil Shu-Ming Wang, USA David Mischoulon, USA G. Schmeda-Hirschmann, Chile Chenchen Wang, USA Syam Mohan, Saudi Arabia Andrew Scholey, Australia Chong-Zhi Wang, USA Valerio´ Monteiro-Neto, Brazil Veronique Seidel, UK Kenji Watanabe, Japan Hyung-In Moon, Republic of Korea Senthamil R. Selvan, USA Jintanaporn Wattanathorn, Thailand Albert Moraska, USA Tuhinadri Sen, India Jenny M. Wilkinson, Australia Mark Moss, UK Hongcai Shang, China Darren R. Williams, Republic of Korea Yoshiharu Motoo, Japan Karen J. Sherman, USA Haruki Yamada, Japan Frauke Musial, Germany Ronald Sherman, USA Nobuo Yamaguchi, Japan MinKyun Na, Republic of Korea Kuniyoshi Shimizu, Japan Yong-Qing Yang, China Vitaly Napadow, USA Kan Shimpo, Japan Junqing Yang, China F. R. F. do Nascimento, Brazil Byung-Cheul Shin, Korea Ling Yang, China S. Nayak, Trinidad And Tobago Yukihiro Shoyama, Japan Eun Jin Yang, Republic of Korea Roland Ndip Ndip, South Africa K. N. S. Sirajudeen, Malaysia Xiufen Yang, China Isabella Neri, Italy Chang-Gue Son, Korea Ken Yasukawa, Japan T. B. Nguelefack, Cameroon Rachid Soulimani, France Min Ye, China Martin Offenbaecher, Germany Didier Stien, France M. Yoon, Republic of Korea Ki-Wan Oh, Republic of Korea Shan-Yu Su, Taiwan Jie Yu, China Yoshiji Ohta, Japan Mohd Roslan Sulaiman, Malaysia Zunjian Zhang, China Olumayokun A. Olajide, UK Venil N. Sumantran, India Jin-Lan Zhang, China Thomas Ostermann, Germany John R. S. Tabuti, Uganda Wei-Bo Zhang, China Stacey A. Page, Canada Rabih Talhouk, Lebanon Hong Q. Zhang, Hong Kong Tai-Long Pan, Taiwan Yuping Tang, China Boli Zhang, China Bhushan Patwardhan, India Wen-Fu Tang, China Ruixin Zhang, USA Berit Smestad Paulsen, Norway Lay Kek Teh, Malaysia Hong Zhang, China Andrea Pieroni, Italy Mayank Thakur, Germany Haibo Zhu, China Richard Pietras, USA Menaka C. Thounaojam, India Waris Qidwai, Pakistan Mei Tian, China Contents Special Invertebrate Models and Integrative Medical Applications: Regulations, Mechanisms, and Therapies, Chih-Yang Huang, Edwin L. Cooper, Catherine Fang-Yeu Poh, Wei-Wen Kuo, Tung-Sheng Chen, and Ronald Sherman Volume 2014, Article ID 843961, 2 pages Recent Advances in Developing Insect Natural Products as Potential Modern Day Medicines, Norman Ratcliffe, Patricia Azambuja, and Cicero Brasileiro Mello Volume2014,ArticleID904958,21pages Corals and Their Potential Applications to Integrative Medicine, Edwin L. Cooper, Kyle Hirabayashi, KevinB.Strychar,andPaulW.Sammarco Volume 2014, Article ID 184959, 9 pages Mechanisms of Maggot-Induced Wound Healing: What Do We Know, and Where Do We Go from Here?,RonaldA.Sherman Volume 2014, Article ID 592419, 13 pages Millipedes as Food for Humans: Their Nutritional and Possible Antimalarial Value—A First Report, HenrikEnghoff,NicolaManno,Sev´ erin´ Tchibozo, Manuela List, Bettina Schwarzinger, Wolfgang Schoefberger, Clemens Schwarzinger, and Maurizio G. Paoletti Volume2014,ArticleID651768,9pages Recommendations for the Use of Leeches in Reconstructive Plastic Surgery,KostaY.Mumcuoglu Volume 2014, Article ID 205929, 7 pages Marine Invertebrate Natural Products for Anti-Inflammatory and Chronic Diseases, Kalimuthu Senthilkumar and Se-Kwon Kim Volume 2013, Article ID 572859, 10 pages Recombinant Protein Production of Earthworm Lumbrokinase for Potential Antithrombotic Application, Kevin Yueju Wang, Lauren Tull, Edwin Cooper, Nan Wang, and Dehu Liu Volume 2013, Article ID 783971, 8 pages Honey as a Potential Natural Anticancer Agent: A Review of Its Mechanisms, Sarfraz Ahmed and Nor Hayati Othman Volume 2013, Article ID 829070, 7 pages Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2014, Article ID 843961, 2 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/843961 Editorial Special Invertebrate Models and Integrative Medical Applications: Regulations, Mechanisms, and Therapies Chih-Yang Huang,1,2 Edwin L. Cooper,3 Catherine Fang-Yeu Poh,4 Wei-Wen Kuo,5 Tung-Sheng Chen,1 and Ronald Sherman6 1 Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung
Recommended publications
  • Recent Advances in Developing Insect Natural Products As Potential Modern Day Medicines
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2014, Article ID 904958, 21 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/904958 Review Article Recent Advances in Developing Insect Natural Products as Potential Modern Day Medicines Norman Ratcliffe,1,2 Patricia Azambuja,3 and Cicero Brasileiro Mello1 1 Laboratorio´ de Biologia de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi,´ RJ, Brazil 2 Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK 3 Laboratorio´ de Bioqu´ımica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundac¸ao˜ Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Correspondence should be addressed to Patricia Azambuja; [email protected] Received 1 December 2013; Accepted 28 January 2014; Published 6 May 2014 Academic Editor: Ronald Sherman Copyright © 2014 Norman Ratcliffe et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Except for honey as food, and silk for clothing and pollination of plants, people give little thought to the benefits of insects in their lives. This overview briefly describes significant recent advances in developing insect natural products as potential new medicinal drugs. This is an exciting and rapidly expanding new field since insects are hugely variable and have utilised an enormous range of natural products to survive environmental perturbations for 100s of millions of years. There is thus a treasure chest of untapped resources waiting to be discovered. Insects products, such as silk and honey, have already been utilised for thousands of years, and extracts of insects have been produced for use in Folk Medicine around the world, but only with the development of modern molecular and biochemical techniques has it become feasible to manipulate and bioengineer insect natural products into modern medicines.
    [Show full text]
  • Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with Diagnoses of New Taxa
    PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH. 94(3), 1981, pp. 902-947 KEY TO THE GENERA OF OCTOCORALLIA EXCLUSIVE OF PENNATULACEA (COELENTERATA: ANTHOZOA), WITH DIAGNOSES OF NEW TAXA Frederick M. Bayer Abstract.—A serial key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of the Pennatulacea is presented. New taxa introduced are Olindagorgia, new genus for Pseudopterogorgia marcgravii Bayer; Nicaule, new genus for N. crucifera, new species; and Lytreia, new genus for Thesea plana Deich- mann. Ideogorgia is proposed as a replacement ñame for Dendrogorgia Simpson, 1910, not Duchassaing, 1870, and Helicogorgia for Hicksonella Simpson, December 1910, not Nutting, May 1910. A revised classification is provided. Introduction The key presented here was an essential outgrowth of work on a general revisión of the octocoral fauna of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. The far-reaching zoogeographical affinities of this fauna made it impossible in the course of this study to ignore genera from any part of the world, and it soon became clear that many of them require redefinition according to modern taxonomic standards. Therefore, the type-species of as many genera as possible have been examined, often on the basis of original type material, and a fully illustrated generic revisión is in course of preparation as an essential first stage in the redescription of western Atlantic species. The key prepared to accompany this generic review has now reached a stage that would benefit from a broader and more objective testing under practical conditions than is possible in one laboratory. For this reason, and in order to make the results of this long-term study available, even in provisional form, not only to specialists but also to the growing number of ecologists, biochemists, and physiologists interested in octocorals, the key is now pre- sented in condensed form with minimal illustration.
    [Show full text]
  • Zoologische Verhandelingen
    Corals of the South-west Indian Ocean: VI. The Alcyonacea (Octocorallia) of Mozambique, with a discussion on soft coral distribution on south equatorial East African reefs Y. Benayahu, A. Shlagman & M.H. Schleyer Benayahu, Y., A. Shlagman & M.H. Schleyer. Corals of the South-west Indian Ocean: VI. The Alcyo- nacea (Octocorallia) of Mozambique, with a discussion on soft coral distribution on south equatorial East African reefs. Zool. Verh. Leiden 345, 31.x.2003: 49-57, fig. 1.— ISSN 0024-1652/ISBN 90-73239-89-3. Y. Benayahu & A. Shlagman. Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel (e-mail: [email protected]). M.H. Schleyer. Oceanographic Research Institute, P.O. Box 10712, Marine Parade 4056, Durban, South Africa. Key words: Mozambique; East African reefs; Octocorallia; Alcyonacea. A list of 46 species of Alcyonacea is presented for the coral reefs of the Segundas Archipelago and north- wards in Mozambique, as well as a zoogeographical record for the Bazaruto Archipelago in southern Mozambique. Among the 12 genera listed, Rhytisma, Lemnalia and Briareum were recorded on Mozambi- can reefs for the first time and the study yielded 27 new zoogeographical records. The survey brings the number of soft coral species listed for Mozambique to a total of 53. A latitudinal pattern in soft coral diversity along the south equatorial East African coast is presented, with 46 species recorded in Tanza- nia, 46 along the northern coast of Mozambique, dropping to 29 in the Bazaruto Archipelago in southern Mozambique and rising again to 38 along the KwaZulu-Natal coast in South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Myiasis During Adventure Sports Race
    DISPATCHES reexamined 1 day later and was found to be largely healed; Myiasis during the forming scar remained somewhat tender and itchy for 2 months. The maggot was sent to the Finnish Museum of Adventure Natural History, Helsinki, Finland, and identified as a third-stage larva of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), Sports Race the New World screwworm fly. In addition to the New World screwworm fly, an important Old World species, Mikko Seppänen,* Anni Virolainen-Julkunen,*† Chrysoimya bezziana, is also found in tropical Africa and Iiro Kakko,‡ Pekka Vilkamaa,§ and Seppo Meri*† Asia. Travelers who have visited tropical areas may exhibit aggressive forms of obligatory myiases, in which the larvae Conclusions (maggots) invasively feed on living tissue. The risk of a Myiasis is the infestation of live humans and vertebrate traveler’s acquiring a screwworm infestation has been con- animals by fly larvae. These feed on a host’s dead or living sidered negligible, but with the increasing popularity of tissue and body fluids or on ingested food. In accidental or adventure sports and wildlife travel, this risk may need to facultative wound myiasis, the larvae feed on decaying tis- be reassessed. sue and do not generally invade the surrounding healthy tissue (1). Sterile facultative Lucilia larvae have even been used for wound debridement as “maggot therapy.” Myiasis Case Report is often perceived as harmless if no secondary infections In November 2001, a 41-year-old Finnish man, who are contracted. However, the obligatory myiases caused by was participating in an international adventure sports race more invasive species, like screwworms, may be fatal (2).
    [Show full text]
  • Bugs As Drugs, Part 1: Insects. the “New” Alternative Medicine for the 21St Century? E
    amr Review Article Bugs as Drugs, Part 1: Insects. The “New” Alternative Medicine for the 21st Century? E. Paul Cherniack, MD Abstract estimates that $20 billion will be needed to replace Insects and insect-derived products have been widely used in the shortage of 800,000 conventional health care folk healing in many parts of the world since ancient times. workers by 2015.1 Globally ubiquitous, arthropods Promising treatments have at least preliminarily been studied potentially provide a cheap, plentiful supply of experimentally. Maggots and honey have been used to heal healing substances in an economically challenged chronic and post-surgical wounds and have been shown to be world. comparable to conventional dressings in numerous settings. Honey has also been applied to treat burns. Honey has been Maggots combined with beeswax in the care of several dermatologic The most well-studied medical application of disorders, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, tinea, arthropods is the use of maggots – the larvae of pityriasis versicolor, and diaper dermatitis. Royal jelly has flies (most frequently that of Lucilia sericata, a been used to treat postmenopausal symptoms. Bee and ant blowfly) that feed on necrotic tissue.2 Traditional venom have reduced the number of swollen joints in patients healers from many parts of the world including with rheumatoid arthritis. Propolis, a hive sealant made by Asia, South America, and Australia have used bees, has been utilized to cure aphthous stomatitis. “larval therapy,”3 and records of physician use of Cantharidin, a derivative of the bodies of blister beetles, has maggots to heal wounds have existed since the been applied to treat warts and molluscum contagiosum.
    [Show full text]
  • An Initial in Vitro Investigation Into the Potential Therapeutic Use of Lucilia Sericata Maggot to Control Superficial Fungal Infections
    Volume 6, Number 2, June .2013 ISSN 1995-6673 JJBS Pages 137 - 142 Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences An Initial In vitro Investigation into the Potential Therapeutic Use Of Lucilia sericata Maggot to Control Superficial Fungal Infections Sulaiman M. Alnaimat1,*, Milton Wainwright2 and Saleem H. Aladaileh 1 1 Biological Department, Al Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, P.O. Box 20, Jordan; 2 Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield,S10 2TN, UK Received: November 12, 2012; accepted January 12, 2013 Abstract In this work an attempt was performed to investigate the in vitro ability of Lucilia sericata maggots to control fungi involved in superficial fungal infections. A novel GFP-modified yeast culture to enable direct visualization of the ingestion of yeast cells by maggot larvae as a method of control was used. The obtained results showed that the GFP-modified yeasts were successfully ingested by Lucilia sericata maggots and 1mg/ml of Lucilia sericata maggots excretions/ secretions (ES) showed a considerable anti-fungal activity against the growth of Trichophyton terrestre mycelium, the radial growth inhibition after 10 days of incubation reached 41.2 ±1.8 % in relation to the control, these results could lead to the possible application of maggot therapy in the treatment of wounds undergoing fungal infection. Keywords: Lucilia sericata, Maggot Therapy, Superficial Fungal Infections And Trichophyton Terrestre. (Sherman et al., 2000), including diabetic foot ulcers 1. Introduction (Sherman, 2003), malignant adenocarcinoma (Sealby, 2004), and for venous stasis ulcers (Sherman, 2009); it is Biosurgical debridement or "maggot therapy" is also used to combat infection after breast-conservation defined as the use of live, sterile maggots of certain type surgery (Church 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity, Distribution, and Molecular Systematics of Octocorals (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of the Penghu Archipelago, Taiwan
    Zoological Studies 51(8): 1529-1548 (2012) Diversity, Distribution, and Molecular Systematics of Octocorals (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of the Penghu Archipelago, Taiwan Yehuda Benayahu1,*, Leendert Pieter van Ofwegen2, Chang-feng Dai3, Ming-Shiou Jeng4, Keryea Soong5, Alex Shlagman1, Henryi J. Hsieh6, and Catherine S. McFadden7 1Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv Univ., Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel 2Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden 2300 RA, the Netherlands 3Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan Univ., Taipei 106, Taiwan 4Research Center for Biodiversity, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan 5Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun Yat-sen Univ., Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan 6Penghu Marine Biology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Penghu 880, Taiwan 7Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711-5990, USA (Accepted November 2, 2012) Yehuda Benayahu, Leendert Pieter van Ofwegen, Chang-feng Dai, Ming-Shiou Jeng, Keryea Soong, Alex Shlagman, Henryi J. Hsieh, and Catherine S. McFadden (2012) Diversity, distribution, and molecular systematics of octocorals (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of the Penghu Archipelago, Taiwan. Zoological Studies 51(8): 1529-1548. The 1st ever surveys of octocorals in the Penghu Archipelago, Taiwan were conducted in 2006 and 2009. Scuba collections were carried out at 17 sites in northern, eastern, south-central, and southern parts of the archipelago. The collection, comprising about 250 specimens, yielded 34 species of the family Alcyoniidae belonging to Aldersladum, Cladiella, Klyxum, Lobophytum, Sarcophyton, and Sinularia. These include 6 new species that were recently described and another 15 records new to Taiwanese reefs. The northern collection sites featured a lower number of species compared to most of the central/southern or southern ones.
    [Show full text]
  • 210818 the Principles of Maggot Therapy and Its Role in Contemporary Wound Care
    Copyright EMAP Publishing 2021 This article is not for distribution except for journal club use Clinical Practice Keywords Maggot therapy/Wound care/Wound healing Review This article has been Wound care double-blind peer reviewed In this article... ● Evidence supporting maggot therapy in wound care ● Indications for use and how the process works ● Patient perception of the treatment The principles of maggot therapy and its role in contemporary wound care Key points Author Yamni Nigam is professor (anatomy and physiology), College of Human and Maggot therapy has Health Sciences, Swansea University. been available on NHS prescription Abstract Maggot therapy is becoming increasingly established as an option for the since 2004 debridement and treatment of sloughy, necrotic wounds. Although used tentatively NT SELF- over the previous few decades, it became more widespread following its availability ASSESSMENT Maggots are on NHS prescription in 2004. Since then, the scientific and clinical evidence for the Test your clinically effective efficacy of maggot therapy has mounted considerably, and it has been shown to be knowledge. for the debridement effective, not only for wound debridement but also in reducing the bacterial burden After reading this of sloughy, necrotic of a wound and accelerating wound healing. This article reviews current evidence, article go to chronic wounds and discusses the clinical indications for use, and the rearing and clinical application nursingtimes.net/ of maggots, as well as patient and health provider perceptions of maggot therapy. NTSAMaggots If you score 80% Secondary benefits or more, you will of maggot therapy Citation Nigam Y (2021) The principles of maggot therapy and its role in receive a certificate include reduction of contemporary wound care.
    [Show full text]
  • Antimicrobial Peptides Expressed in Medicinal Maggots of the Blow Fly Lucilia Sericata Show Combinatorial Activity Against Bacteria
    Antimicrobial Peptides Expressed in Medicinal Maggots of the Blow Fly Lucilia sericata Show Combinatorial Activity against Bacteria Anne-Kathrin Pöppel,a Heiko Vogel,b Jochen Wiesner,a Andreas Vilcinskasa,c Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Department of Bioresources, Giessen, Germanya; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, Jena, Germanyb; Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germanyc The larvae of the common green bottle fly (Lucilia sericata) produce antibacterial secretions that have a therapeutic effect on chronic and nonhealing wounds. Recent developments in insect biotechnology have made it possible to use these larvae as a source of novel anti-infectives. Here, we report the application of next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to characterize the transcriptomes of the larval glands, crop, and gut, which contribute to the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and proteins secreted into wounds. Our data confirm that L. sericata larvae have adapted in order to colonize microbially contami- nated habitats, such as carrion and necrotic wounds, and are protected against infection by a diverse spectrum of AMPs. L. seri- cata AMPs include not only lucifensin and lucimycin but also novel attacins, cecropins, diptericins, proline-rich peptides, and sarcotoxins. We identified 47 genes encoding putative AMPs and produced 23 as synthetic analogs, among which some displayed activities against a broad spectrum of microbial pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, and Enterococ- cus faecalis. Against Escherichia coli (Gram negative) and Micrococcus luteus (Gram positive), we found mostly additive effects but also synergistic activity when selected AMPs were tested in combination.
    [Show full text]
  • Insect-Based Medicines: a Review of Present Status and Prospects of Entomo-Therapeutic Resources for Human Ailment Denisha Rajkhowa*, Rokozeno, M.K
    International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology Citation: IJAEB: 9(6): 1069-1079, December 2016 DOI: 10.5958/2230-732X.2016.00135.2 ©2016 New Delhi Publishers. All rights reserved ENTOMOLOGY Insect-Based Medicines: A Review of Present Status and Prospects of Entomo-Therapeutic Resources for Human Ailment Denisha Rajkhowa*, Rokozeno, M.K. Deka Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat- 785013, Assam, India *Corresponding author: [email protected] Paper No. 538 Received: 25 August 2015 Accepted: 24 December 2016 Abstract Insects and products derived from them have been consistently used as medicinal resources by human civilizations all over the world. The immunological, analgesic, antibacterial, diuretic, anesthetic and anti rheumatic property in the bodies of insects is now well recognized; however the immense scope for its exploration still remains untapped. The chemicals generated by insects for self defense can be used as medicinal drugs of enormous potentiality. Insects have long been utilized as significant dietary factor and remedy for illnesses in folk tradition. Such entomotherapeutic potential of insects can also make important contribution in conserving the biodiversity of insects. At present, insect based medicines are gradually on the rise and gaining popularity and relevance. Products based on insect-derived substances with conventional technologies will help in yielding further benefits. This review collates the most important works conducted on insects used for different
    [Show full text]
  • Competitive Strategies of Soft Corals (Coelenterata: Octocorallia): 111
    MARINE ECOLOGY - PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 28: 147-156, 1986 , Published January 9 Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 1 I Competitive strategies of soft corals (Coelenterata: Octocorallia): 111. Spacing and aggressive interactions between alcyonaceans* S. C. La Barrel, J. C. Colll & P. W. Sammarco2 ' Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland 481 1, Australia Australian Institute of Marine Science, P.M.B. No 3. M.S.O.. Townsville, Queensland 4810. Australia ABSTRACT. Interactions were observed in the field between neighboring colonies of the alcyonacean octocoral Sinularia flexibilis (Quoy & Gaimard) and Sinularia sp., as well as between Sarcophyton glaucum (Quoy & Gaimard) and Sinularia sp. Visible effects observed included growth modification, stunting, scarring, and bleaching. Allelopathy was suspected as the cause. An experiment was performed to examine the responses of certain alcyonaceans to each other in competition for space and possible causes of the observed effects. Specimens of 3 species of erect soft corals (Sinularia flexibilis, Nephthea sp., and Alcyonium molle Dean) were collected and relocated in pairs under both contact and non-contact (close proximity) conditions at a depth of 3 to 5 m in Pioneer Bay, Orpheus Island, Queensland (18"40'S. 145"30' E). Initial effects observed included tissue necrosis and destruction of polyps, especially in contact situations, followed by colony reorientation. Long-term visible damage was minimal because, in all cases, the colonies subsequently moved apart. These sessile organisms exhibit a spacing behaviour allowing them to maintain an 'individual distance' in the same manner as many sedentary or vagile organisms. This decreases the incidence of aggression and potentially destructive interactions Alcyonacean corals possess numerous adaptations which allow them to survive both predation and competition for space.
    [Show full text]
  • The Scope of Published Population Genetic Data for Indo-Pacific Marine Fauna and Future Research Opportunities in the Region
    Bull Mar Sci. 90(1):47–78. 2014 research paper http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2012.1107 The scope of published population genetic data for Indo-Pacific marine fauna and future research opportunities in the region 1 School of Biological Sciences, Jude Keyse 1 * University of Queensland, St 2 Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. Eric D Crandall Robert J Toonen 3 2 NOAA Southwest Fisheries 4 Science Center, Fisheries Christopher P Meyer Ecology Division & Institute of Eric A Treml 5 Marine Sciences, UC Santa Cruz, 1 110 Shaffer Rd., Santa Cruz, Cynthia Riginos California 95062. 3 Hawai‘i Institute of Marine ABSTRACT.—Marine biodiversity reaches its pinnacle Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, in the tropical Indo-Pacific region, with high levels of both University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, species richness and endemism, especially in coral reef P.O. Box 1346, Kaneohe, Hawaii habitats. While this pattern of biodiversity has been known 96744. to biogeographers for centuries, causal mechanisms remain 4 Smithsonian enigmatic. Over the past 20 yrs, genetic markers have been Institution, National Museum employed by many researchers as a tool to elucidate patterns of Natural History, 10th of biodiversity above and below the species level, as well & Constitution Ave., as to make inferences about the underlying processes of NW, Washington, DC 20560- diversification, demographic history, and dispersal. In a 0163. quantitative, comparative framework, these data can be 5 Department of Zoology, synthesized to address questions about this bewildering University of Melbourne, diversity by treating species as “replicates.” However, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. the sheer size of the Indo-Pacific region means that the * Corresponding author email: geographic and genetic scope of many species’ data sets are <[email protected]>.
    [Show full text]