DOCSLIB.ORG

Research Methodology: 41-60

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Research Methodology: 41-60 Durham E-Theses The Rationale for Visual Arts Education in Singapore: Analysis of Policies and Opinions KOK, CHUNG,OI How to cite: KOK, CHUNG,OI (2011) The Rationale for Visual Arts Education in Singapore: Analysis of Policies and Opinions, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/845/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 DURHAM UNIVERSITY School of Education In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTORATE IN EDUCATION The Rationale for Visual Arts Education in Singapore: Analysis of Policies and Opinions One volume by Kok Chung Oi 2011 The copyright of this thesis rests with the author or the university to which it was submitted. No quotation from it, or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author or university, and any information derived from it should be acknowledged. This thesis is dedicated to Lord Jesus Christ, my husband, Kuan Keng Lam and my daughter, Candace Kuan Wen Xian. It is also dedicated to the memory of my father, Kok Kim Wah and my mother, Wong Soh Mui. The Rationale for Visual Arts Education in Singapore: Analysis of Policies and Opinions Contents Acknowledgments: i Abstract: ii Chapter 1: Introduction: 1-12 Chapter 2: Literature Review: 13-40 Chapter 3: Research Methodology: 41-60 Chapter 4: Content Analysis on MOE Arts Syllabuses: 61-82 Chapter 5: Analysis of Qualitative Interviews: 83-103 Chapter 6: Content Analysis on MICA reports: 104-143 Chapter 7: Relationship between MOE Arts Syllabuses and Qualitative Interviews: 144-159 Chapter 8: Further Discussion: 160-176 Chapter 9: Conclusion: 177-184 Reference: 185-194 Annex A: A-1 to A-87 Annex B: B-1 to B-3 Annex C: C-1 to C-2 Annex D: D-1 Annex E: E-1 to E-47 Annex F: F-1 to F-2 Annex G: G-1 to G-3 Annex H: H-1 Annex I: I-1 to I-83 Annex J: J-1 to J-5 Annex K: K-1 to K-14 The Rationale for Visual Arts Education in Singapore: Analysis of Policies and Opinions Annex L: L-1 to L-22 Annex M: M-1 to M-8 Annex N: N-1 to N-29 Annex O: O-1 to O-26 Annex P: P-1 to P-30 Annex Q: Q-1 to Q-3 Annex R: R-1 to R-2 Annex S: S-1 Annex T: T-1 Acknowledgments First and foremost, I thank the Lord Jesus Christ for giving me the intellect and wisdom to comprehend the complexity of this research study and giving me the strength to write my thesis. My heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Prof Mike Fleming, who has supported me throughout my thesis with his patience, care, encouragement and knowledge and at the same time allowing me room to explore my own way. Without him this thesis, would not have been completed or written. One simply could not wish for a better, caring and a wonderful supervisor. My deepest gratitude goes to my husband, Kuan Keng Lam and my daughter, Candace Kuan Wen Xian for their support throughout writing my thesis. My gratitude also extends to my eldest brother Kok Moon Seng and his wife, Varnia, my second brother, William Guo and his wife, Chiam Siew Choo, my two nephews, Kenrick Guo and Edrick Guo who gave me their blessings in my belief to embark on my doctoral programme. The successful completion of my thesis was made possible through the valuable contributions offered by art teachers, arts scholars/academics, and former policy makers whom I interviewed in the midst of collecting my research data. I especially want to thank Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts (MICA) for allowing me to view the “classified documents” in regards to “Singapore as a Renaissance City: Search for a Vision (Part I), 1998”, “Singapore as a Renaissance City: Policy Pathways (Part II), 1998” and “The Next Wave of Creative Energy: Report of the Committee on National Arts Education, 1996” for the purpose of my research study. Special thanks go to Ms. Julia Hang, Mr. Au Kheng Sheng and Mr. Arun Mahiznan for helping me to search “high and low” for these “classified” documents. Page i The Rationale for Visual Arts Education in Singapore: Analysis of Policies and Opinions Abstract This thesis focuses on the rationale for visual arts education in the context of Singapore. It does so by examining key policy documents and interviewing key stakeholders. In the mid 1960s, Singapore was separated from the Federal of Malaya, leaving the country in uncertainty because of the lack of natural resources. Also the withdrawal of the British colony had left the Singapore economy in turmoil. The only pragmatic solution for the government was to resort to human capital to develop the economy, which mainly centred on promoting science, engineering, commerce and technology learning. Mathematics and science were given the highest priority as these subjects offered skills that were desirable for the economy. In the 1990s, the government realised that for the Singapore economy to continue to grow steadily, foreign talent would play a crucial role. One way to attract these talents was to develop Singapore into a vibrant arts and cultural scene. The government began to pay attention to arts education as it was felt that the arts could offer skills for potential cultural manpower to contribute in the cultural industry for the purpose of enticing talents to work, live and contribute to the Singapore economy. There has therefore been a shift in attitudes to the arts. The conflicting interests motivated me to seek to establish the rationale for visual arts education in Singapore. The research was carried out using two research methods: documentary analysis to examine key documents pertaining to the Ministry of Education (MOE) arts syllabuses and Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts (MICA) reports and qualitative interviews to seek the views of the art teachers, arts scholars/academics and policy makers. The research findings show that the rationale for visual arts education is related to three broad areas: (i) the development of personal developmental skills (ii) the development of „extended logic‟, „self-confidence‟ and „art history‟ (iii) the contribution to the cultural and creative economy. These three areas at first appear to be in conflict but are in fact inter-connected. The thesis makes recommendations for the coherent presentation of arts policy in Singapore. Page ii The Rationale for Visual Arts Education in Singapore: Analysis of Policies and Opinions Chapter 1: Introduction 1.0 Aim The aim of my research is to understand the rationale for visual arts education for schools in Singapore, and in particular whether the official policy accords with the perceptions of art teachers and other stake-holders. The official policy refers to the Ministry of Education Arts Syllabuses (MOE) for primary and secondary schools, which focus mainly on painting and drawing, as well as the Singapore Renaissance City Reports1. The overview of this chapter is to draw attention to the reasons for me to embark on my research study and these reasons are largely based on my personal experiences as a secondary school student, a graduate student, art educator and art history teacher. Subsequently, there will be a brief discussion of the broach approach to conducting this research study. 1.1 Arts and Disappointment My parents were infuriated when I shared with them that I had the intention to turn down an offer that was given to me to embark on a three years diploma programme at Singapore Polytechnic after I had completed my G.C.E. “O” Level examination in 1981. This was because my main interest was to study fine arts and my aspiration was to be an artist. My parents vehemently objected to my intention because they felt that learning arts would not enable me to secure a prospective career due to the limited prospect within the artistic industry in Singapore. For my parents, they believed that it was not worthwhile to learn arts. I finally gave in to my parents‟ wishes because I did not want to hurt their feelings but I still could not understand why my parents thought that learning art was basically worthless. Nevertheless, I never gave up my aspiration to be an artist. Later, I returned to arts school after spending thirteen years in the workforce and my parents finally gave their blessings to me after realising that I have never given up my passion to be an artist all this while. 1 Singapore Renaissance City Reports (RCP) consists of RCP 1, RCP 2 and RCP 3, Arts Development Plan Report and a report on „A New Agenda for a Creative and Connected Nation: Investing in Singapore‟s Cultural Capital‟. All these reports shall be categorised as MICA reports. Page 1 The Rationale for Visual Arts Education in Singapore: Analysis of Policies and Opinions 1.2 Arts and Singapore History I received my Bachelor Degree in Fine Arts in 2000 from Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Australia.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Khq 6H[ 7Kuhdwhqhg Wkh 6Wdwh ,Oolflw 6H[Xdolw\ 1Dwlrqdolvp Dqg 3Rolwlfv Lq &Rorqldo 1Ljhuld ² E\ 6Dkhhg $Ghulq
    :KHQ6H[7KUHDWHQHGWKH6WDWH,OOLFLW6H[XDOLW\1DWLRQDOLVPDQG3ROLWLFV LQ&RORQLDO1LJHULD²E\6DKHHG$GHULQWR UHYLHZ -XGLWK$%\ILHOG &DQDGLDQ-RXUQDORI+LVWRU\9ROXPH1XPEHUVSULQJVXPPHUSULQWHPSVpWp SS 5HYLHZ 3XEOLVKHGE\8QLYHUVLW\RI7RURQWR3UHVV '2,FQK )RUDGGLWLRQDOLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKLVDUWLFOH KWWSVPXVHMKXHGXDUWLFOH Access provided by Fondren Library, Rice University (17 May 2016 17:11 GMT) 206 reviews family structure. It adds to the comparative analysis of Puerto Rican com- munities in the Midwest with other historical groups, such as Mexican Americans (Lilia Ferna´ndez’s Brown in the Windy City, Chicago, 2012). We Are Left without a Father Here exposes the complexities derived from a colonial apparatus that is carving its own formula of modernization. In the process, concepts of class, gender, and race intersect in very subtle ways throughout the migration process. This book can be used as a reference or complementary text for a college and graduate level course. It is a valuable source for any course on American, Caribbean, Latino, and Latin American studies, and any other related fields. Milagros Denis-Rosario, Hunter College, City University of New York Middle East, Central Asia, and Africa Le Moyen-Orient, l’Asie centrale, et l’Afrique When Sex Threatened the State: Illicit Sexuality, Nationalism, and Politics in Colonial Nigeria, 1900–1958, by Saheed Aderinto. Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 2015. xviii, 241 pp. $95.00 US (cloth), $32.00 US (paper). In seven engaging chapters and an epilogue, Saheed Aderinto has pro- duced a very important contribution to African social history and Nigerian historiography specifically. His intellectual journey, as revealed in his introduction, is a ‘‘must read’’ for graduate students for this book is the outcome of a scholar who listened closely to his sources and grappled with the complex realities they revealed.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview: Japanese Archaeological Research Trends 20141 Takakura Hiroaki2
    Overview: Japanese Archaeological Research Trends 20141 Takakura Hiroaki2 The Japanese Archaeological Association, established in April 1948 on the occasion of the excavation of the Toro3 site in Shizuoka prefecture, while being an academic organization representing Japanese archaeology and having a large membership, for a long time remained a private (unincorporated) organization. Within the Association there was demand for conversion to an incorporated association,4 but it was not possible to clear the necessary conditions, and this goal went unachieved. Subsequently, with the establishment of the Intermediate Corporation Act 5 the Association became a limited liability intermediary corporation6 in March 2004, and transitioned to its current identity7 as a general incorporated association in June 2009. Over this interval, conditions attending Japanese archaeology have changed. Among specialists in archaeology who work as researchers there are faculty members at academic institutions such as universities, personnel in charge of buried cultural properties at regional governments and private investigative organizations, curators at museums, and others. There are also those who do not hold jobs in archaeology but nevertheless produce outstanding research in the field. Among these researchers, persons at least 25 years of age who wish to join may become members of the Association if approved as qualified. At the peak time in the year 2002 there were 7,081 researchers holding jobs in archaeology. By contrast the Association had 3,651 members, or approximately 52 percent of these 1[Trends in Japanese Archaeological Research, 2014, is a partial translation of “Nihon kōkogaku kenkyū no dōkō” 日本考古学研究の動向, in Nihon kōkogaku nenpō 67 (2014 nendoban) 日本考古学年報 67（2014 年度版) (Archaeologia Japonica 67 [2014 Fiscal Year Issue]) (Nihon Kōkogaku Kyōkai, 2016), pp.
    [Show full text]
  • ASIAN REPRESENTATIONS of AUSTRALIA Alison Elizabeth Broinowski 12 December 2001 a Thesis Submitted for the Degree Of
    ABOUT FACE: ASIAN REPRESENTATIONS OF AUSTRALIA Alison Elizabeth Broinowski 12 December 2001 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The Australian National University ii Statement This thesis is my own work. Preliminary research was undertaken collaboratively with a team of Asian Australians under my co-direction with Dr Russell Trood and Deborah McNamara. They were asked in 1995-96 to collect relevant material, in English and vernacular languages, from the public sphere in their countries of origin. Three monographs based on this work were published in 1998 by the Centre for the Study of Australia Asia Relations at Griffith University and these, together with one unpublished paper, are extensively cited in Part 2. The researchers were Kwak Ki-Sung, Anne T. Nguyen, Ouyang Yu, and Heidi Powson and Lou Miles. Further research was conducted from 2000 at the National Library with a team of Chinese and Japanese linguists from the Australian National University, under an ARC project, ‘Asian Accounts of Australia’, of which Shun Ikeda and I are Chief Investigators. Its preliminary findings are cited in Part 2. Alison Broinowski iii Abstract This thesis considers the ways in which Australia has been publicly represented in ten Asian societies in the twentieth century. It shows how these representations are at odds with Australian opinion leaders’ assertions about being a multicultural society, with their claims about engagement with Asia, and with their understanding of what is ‘typically’ Australian. It reviews the emergence and development of Asian regionalism in the twentieth century, and considers how Occidentalist strategies have come to be used to exclude and marginalise Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • 477 Radiocaron Dates and Archaeology of the Late
    Radiocarbon Dates and Archaeology of the Late Pleistocene in the Japanese Islands Item Type Article; text Authors Ono, Akira; Sato, Hiroyuki; Tsutsumi, Takashi; Kudo, Yuichiro Citation Ono, A., Sato, H., Tsutsumi, T., & Kudo, Y. (2002). Radiocarbon dates and archaeology of the Late Pleistocene in the Japanese islands. Radiocarbon, 44(2), 477-494. DOI 10.1017/S0033822200031854 Publisher Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona Journal Radiocarbon Rights Copyright © by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona. All rights reserved. Download date 10/10/2021 14:25:28 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Version Final published version Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/654585 RADIOCARBON, Vol 44, Nr 2, 2002, p 477–494 © 2002 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona RADIOCARON DATES AND ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE LATE PLEISTOCENE IN THE JAPANESE ISLANDS Akira Ono1,2 • Hiroyuki Sato3 • Takashi Tsutsumi4 • Yuichiro Kudo1 ABSTRACT. We discuss the radiocarbon chronology of Late Pleistocene archaeology in the Japanese islands. In sum, 429 samples from more than 100 archaeological sites were compiled and then divided into three periods and four stages. The Early Upper Paleolithic, characterized by Trapezoid industries, lasted during approximately 34–26 ka. The Late Upper Paleolithic period includes both the backed-blade stage and point-tool stage, the latter appearing chronologically later than the former. This stage covers ~25–15 ka. The Final Upper Paleolithic and Incipient Jomon are distinguished by the appearance of micro- blade industries and the emergence of pottery at the end of this period.
    [Show full text]
  • The Construct and Criterion Validity for Being “In-The-Zone” Leading
    THE CONSTRUCT AND CRITERION VALIDITY FOR BEING “IN-THE-ZONE” LEADING TO OPTIMAL ACADEMIC AND JOB PERFORMANCE by AMEY SUDHIR KULKARNI (Under the Direction of Leonard L. Martin) ABSTRACT Flow is a state of complete focus and immersion with the activity at hand. It is commonly referred to as “being in the zone.” Flow has been a key component of the recent positive psychology movement and the downstream effects of flow include greater happiness, more creativity, and reduced defensiveness. An overview of the research on flow and more specifically, an overview of the research on flow at work is provided. Previous research, however, has failed to illustrate why flow produces positive outcomes. This paper outlines the origins of the flow experience using anthropological evidence consistent with I-D Compensation Theory. Next, the results of two studies are presented to demonstrate that optimal experience (i.e., flow) leads to optimal performance. Study one surveyed undergraduate students and clarified the construct of flow, established discriminant validity from engagement, and showed flow as a significant predictor of academic performance and citizenship behavior. Study two surveyed an adult working population and established the criterion validity of flow to job performance and organizational citizenship behavior. More specifically, higher levels of flow in dockworkers and drivers lead to fewer costly accidents and greater productivity over and above engagement alone. Also, flow mediated the relationship between engagement and organizational
    [Show full text]
  • Late Upper Paleolithic-Initial Jomon Transitions, Southern Kyushu, Japan: Regional Scale to Macro Processes a Close Look
    Quaternary International 441 (2017) 102e112 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quaint Late Upper Paleolithic-Initial Jomon transitions, southern Kyushu, Japan: Regional scale to macro processes a close look * Fumie Iizuka a, b, , Masami Izuho b a School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of California, Merced, United States b Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan article info abstract Article history: Neolithization processes are among the most significant changes that have occurred in human history. Received 31 May 2016 The timing, order, and appearance of new behavioral elements and causes of behavioral change have Received in revised form been widely investigated. In the Japanese Archipelago, transitions from the Upper Paleolithic to Jomon 15 December 2016 show the first appearances of Neolithic behavioral elements. Research has commonly yielded inter- Accepted 23 December 2016 regional perspectives comparing technological changes with climate and landscape changes. This pa- Available online 1 March 2017 per provides intra-regional comparisons of different environmental variables with technological changes focusing on southern Kyushu, Japan. This paper compares data on climate fluctuations, sea level changes, Keywords: Pottery volcanic eruptions and impacts, and biomes with data on the appearance of and changes in pottery Southern Kyushu technology and variability, supplemented with studies of stone tools and archaeological features. Results Human ecosystem suggest that climatic fluctuations, sea level changes, and biome variability may have had significant Late Upper Paleolithic impacts on behavioral changes and that volcanic eruptions should be evaluated on an intra-regional and Incipient and Initial Jomon site-based scale.
    [Show full text]
  • Musical Taiwan Under Japanese Colonial Rule: a Historical and Ethnomusicological Interpretation
    MUSICAL TAIWAN UNDER JAPANESE COLONIAL RULE: A HISTORICAL AND ETHNOMUSICOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION by Hui‐Hsuan Chao A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Music: Musicology) in The University of Michigan 2009 Doctoral Committee: Professor Joseph S. C. Lam, Chair Professor Judith O. Becker Professor Jennifer E. Robertson Associate Professor Amy K. Stillman © Hui‐Hsuan Chao 2009 All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Throughout my years as a graduate student at the University of Michigan, I have been grateful to have the support of professors, colleagues, friends, and family. My committee chair and mentor, Professor Joseph S. C. Lam, generously offered his time, advice, encouragement, insightful comments and constructive criticism to shepherd me through each phase of this project. I am indebted to my dissertation committee, Professors Judith Becker, Jennifer Robertson, and Amy Ku’uleialoha Stillman, who have provided me invaluable encouragement and continual inspiration through their scholarly integrity and intellectual curiosity. I must acknowledge special gratitude to Professor Emeritus Richard Crawford, whose vast knowledge in American music and unparallel scholarship in American music historiography opened my ears and inspired me to explore similar issues in my area of interest. The inquiry led to the beginning of this dissertation project. Special thanks go to friends at AABS and LBA, who have tirelessly provided precious opportunities that helped me to learn how to maintain balance and wellness in life. ii Many individuals and institutions came to my aid during the years of this project. I am fortunate to have the friendship and mentorship from Professor Nancy Guy of University of California, San Diego.
    [Show full text]
  • Asian Values: a Pertinent Concept to Explain Economic Development of East Asia? Dong Hyeon Jung Pusan National University, South Korea, [email protected]
    Comparative Civilizations Review Volume 51 Article 8 Number 51 Fall 2004 10-1-2004 Asian Values: A pertinent Concept to Explain Economic Development of East Asia? Dong Hyeon Jung Pusan National University, South Korea, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr Recommended Citation Jung, Dong Hyeon (2004) "Asian Values: A pertinent Concept to Explain Economic Development of East Asia?," Comparative Civilizations Review: Vol. 51 : No. 51 , Article 8. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr/vol51/iss51/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the All Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Comparative Civilizations Review by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Jung: Asian Values: A pertinent Concept to Explain Economic Development Dong Hyeon Jung 107 ASIAN VALUES: A PERTINENT CONCEPT TO EXPLAIN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN EAST ASIA? DONG HYEON JUNG (DEPT. OF ECONOMICS, PUSAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, SOUTH KOREA) [email protected] I. Introduction: Debates on Asian Values Some time after the economic crisis of East Asia in 1997, debates over Asian Values (of Confucian origin) have emerged again in Korea, many of them about how much Asian Values are responsible for suc- cessful economic development in Korea and other East Asian countries. These debates, to some degree, are an answer to Western criticism of Asian Values, which are seen to be responsible for "crony capitalism" and the consequences of the Asian economic crisis. Asian Values, for which a clear definition is not yet available, is generally conceived as a combination of a strong state and political authority, education and self- cultivation, frugality and thrift, an ethic of hard work and labor disci- pline, social harmony and group-responsibility—in short, as a form of social civility which shows distinctive features of Confucianism.
    [Show full text]
  • A002930 – History of Japan
    A002930 – History of Japan 熊本評論 [Kumamoto hyōron], 20.09.1907. Illustration of the Japanese proverb, “One gen- eral succeeds and countless bones rot “, derived from the line「一将功成、万骨枯 of a poem by the Chin poet Cao Song (830–901). © Christian Uhl, UGent 1 General Information When? On Thursdays, 16:00 to 19:00. First class: 26. 09. 2019. Where? Campus boekentoren 05.03.110.063 = Auditorium 3 “Suzanne Lilar”, ground floor Blandinberg 2 (main building of the Faculty Lettren en wijsbegeerte. Map: http://admin.flwi.ugent.be/maps/?id=05.03.100.005& ) Books you need Conrad Totman. A History of Japan. The Blackwell History of the World. Malden MA, Oxford UK, Berlin: Blackwell Publishing, 2000 (or newest edition). W.J. Boot. Keizers en Shōgun. Een Geschiedenis van Japan tot 1868. Amster- dam: Salomé – Amsterdam Univ. Press, 2001 (not needed for exch. students) There is a stock pile of the books (newest edition) for a reduced student price waiting for you at Standard Boekenhandel in the shop on the Kouter: http://www2.standaardboekhandel.be/nl/winkels/gent-kouter. Additional readings, lecture scripts, etc., on MINERVA UFORA is our electronic learning platform. Please make sure that you are in- scribed on UFORA for this course so that you have access to documents and get notifications. Additional readings, lecture scripts and announcements will be distributed and stored there for down-loading. Exam In order to pass this course you have to successfully participate in the final exam (date will be announced). The final exam will consist of 20 questions. Some of them are multiple choice questions, others require a short written answer (in English or Dutch, as you prefer).
    [Show full text]
  • The End of Work
    • • • THE END OF WORK The Decline of the Global Labor Force and the Dawn of the Post-Market Era JEREMY RIFKIN A Jeremy P. TarcherlPutnam Book published by G. P. Putnam's Sons New York Contents Acknowledgments ix Foreword by Robert L. Heilbroner xi Introduction xv PART I THE Two FACES OF TECHNOLOGY 1. The End of Work 3 2. Trickle-down Technology and Market Realities 15 3. Visions of Techno-Paradise 42 PART II THE THIRD INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4. Crossing into the High-Tech Frontier 59 5. Technology and the African-American Experience 69 6. The Great Automation Debate 81 7. Post-Fordism 90 PART III THE DECLINE OF THE GLOBAL LABOR FORCE 8. No More Farmers 109 9. Hanging Up the Blue Collar 128 10. The Last Service Worker 141 PART IV THE PRICE OF PROGRESS 11. High-Tech Winners and Losers 165 12. Requiem for the Working Class 181 13. The Fate of Nations 198 4. A More Dangerous World 208 PART V THE DAWN OF THE POST-MARKET ERA 15. Re-engineering the Work Week 221 16. A New Social Contract 236 17. Empowering the Third Sector 249 18. Globalizing the Social Economy 275 Notes 294 Bibliography 330 Index 337 Foreword Robert L. Heilbroner CONOMISTS HAVE ALWAYS been uneasy about what machinery Edoes for us and to us. On the one hand, machines are the very em­ bodiment of the investment that drives a capitalist economy. On the other hand, most of the time when a machine moves in, a worker moves out-sometimes many workers.
    [Show full text]
  • MIS3 Edge-Ground Axes and the Arrival of the First Homo Sapiens In
    Quaternary International xxx (2011) 1e9 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quaint MIS3 edge-ground axes and the arrival of the first Homo sapiens in the Japanese archipelago Tsutsumi Takashi 1901-1 Maseguchi, Miyota, Kitasaku, Japan article info abstract Article history: A lithic assemblage with edge-ground axes appeared in the Japanese archipelago in MIS3, about 38,000 cal Available online xxx BP, and continued to about 32,000 cal BP. This period corresponds to the early part of the early Upper Palaeolithic (eEUP). To date, similar stone axes have not been reported in Upper Palaeolithic sites in the continental regions of China, Korea, and Russia. These edge-ground axes appear to be independent inven- tions of the first Homo sapiens to settle the Japanese islands, and they are one manifestation of modern human behavior. The larger edge-ground axes appear to have been used for felling trees and for modifying wood. When the blades were damaged, these axes were reworked into smaller forms and reused for pro- cessing hide. The flake tools that were parts of the same lithic assemblages as the axes were probably hunting tools, but presently there is no evidence they were used for hunting the large mammals, such as Naumann’s elephants, that inhabited the Japanese islands at that time. Some of these flake tools were made of obsidian obtained from an island in the Pacific off the coast of Japan, demonstrating these early inhabitants of the Japanese islands had some kind of watercraft for crossing ocean waters.
    [Show full text]
  • Printer Emulator for Testing
    KOREAN COMFORT WOMEN: HOW JAPANESE MILITARY EXPANSION WITHIN EAST ASIA LED TO SYSTEMATIZED PROSTITUTION BETWEEN 1910 AND 1945 ____________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, Chico ____________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in History ____________ by Joseph Michael Grzebyk Spring 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Preface........................................................................................................................ iv Abstract ...................................................................................................................... v CHAPTER I. Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 II. Origin of Japanese Prostitution ................................................................... 11 III. Why Korean Comfort Women? .................................................................. 39 Modern Changes ................................................................................ 40 Recruitment ........................................................................................ 55 Colonialism and The Gisaeng ............................................................ 63 IV. Why an Issue Today? .................................................................................. 75 V. Conclusion .................................................................................................. 93 Bibliography .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]