Foreign & Commonwealth Office NAZI THE LONDON CONFERENCE 2-4 December 1997

London: The Stationery Office CONTENTS

OPENING REMARKS Opening speech by the Foreign Secretary, the Rt. Hon Robin Cook, MP 5 Opening plenary statement by Stuart Eizenstat 9 Address to conference by Lordjanner of Braunstone, QC 11

ALBANIA On the plundered Albanian gold by the Nazis; Jews in Albania 17

ARGENTINA Nazi war criminals and assets: 1 21 Nazi war criminals and assets: 2 23

AUSTRIA Statement by Mr Hans Winkler 27

BANK OF ENGLAND The 's role as custodian of the Tripartite Gold Commission's holdings of gold 31

THE BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENTS DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR Conference paper by Dr Piet Clement 43

BELARUS Speech by Valentin Gerasimoxr' 61 Speech by O.A. Nekhay 63

BELGIUM The gold of the Belgian monetary institutes 67

BRAZIL How is Brazil dealing with the Nazi gold issue? 71 VI LONDON CONFERENCE ON NAZI GOLD: DECEMBER I997

BULGARIA Anti-Semitic legislation in Bulgaria, 1940-44: a case study of some aspects 73

CANADA Due diligence: a report on the Bank of Canada's handling of foreign gold during World War II 79 Finding aid: gold arrangements and transactions files 183

REPUBLIC OF CROATIA Statement by the Croatian delegation 235 Supplement to die report of the Croatian delegation 238

CZECH REPUBLIC Czechoslovak gold reserves and their surrender to 245 Steps taken hitherto to compensate occupied countries and individual victims 249

DENMARK Statement by the Danish delegation 251 FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF NEW YORK Paper 253

FRANCE Plunder of Jewish property and its restitution 273

GERMANY Introductory statement by Dr Hans-Werner Lautenschlager 279 Statement by Prof. Dr Horst Moller 280 German restitution for National Socialist crimes 286

GREECE f Speech by Ambassador Alexandras Philon 293 Contribution of the Historical Archive Directorate of the Hellenic Ministry of Foreign Affairs 295 Results of the steps taken to compensate the country and individual victims 300

HUNGARY Contribution from the Hungarian delegation 303 CONTENTS Vll

INTERNATIONAL ROMANI UNION Statement by die Hon. Ian F. Hancock 307

INTERNATIONAL UNION OF FORMER JUVENILE PRISONERS OF FASCIST CONCENTRATION CAMPS Statement 309

ISRAEL Bobby Brown's speech 315 Speech of MK Avraham Hirschenson 317 Speech by Nili Arad 320

ITALY The story of the gold deposited at die Bank of Italy (1943-58) 323

LUXEMBOURG Luxembourg gold despoiled by Germany during die Second World War 345 The restitution of die monetary gold stolen from Luxembourg by the Nazis 351

THE Introduction by Count Jan d'Ansembourg 355 Dutch gold 357 Looting and restitution 360 Compensation schemes for victims of persecution in the Netherlands and the former colony of the Netherlands East Indies 367 Concern for Dutch groups of war victims from die Second World War 369 Bank balances in the Netherlands East Indies 371 Information on the activities of die Contact Group World War II deposits 373

NORWAY Summary of the Majority Report ' 375 Summary of the Minority of die Committee of Inquiry 379

PINK TRIANGLE COALITION Paper 383

POLAND Statement of the Polish delegation 389 VUl LONDON CONFERENCE ON NAZI GOLD: DECEMBER 1997

RUSSIA Victims of Nazism and die issue of compensation 391

SLOVAK REPUBLIC Statement from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 403 German occupational regime and die history of monetary and non-monetary gold in Slovakia 1944-45 4°4

SLOVENIA Some crimes committed by die German occupying force in Slovenia 409 Yugoslav monetary gold 1939-51 411

SPAIN Approach and views of the Spanish Commission in die light of die London Conference 417

SWEDEN Statement by die Swedish delegation 421 Sweden and die Nazi gold 426 The gold transactions of Sveriges Riksbank with Nazi Germany 449

SWITZERLAND Switzerland - World War II (Ascona Declaration) 487 Address by Ambassador Thomas G. Borer 489 Measurements taken by Switzerland relating to die problem of Nazi gold and unclaimed assets 493 Statement by Ambassador Thomas G. Borer 497 Declaration of the Federal Council on die Eizenstat Report 501 Reaction of Federal Councillor F. Cotti to Eizenstat Report 505 Gold transactions in die Second World War: statistical review witii commentary 507 The 's gold operations during die Second World War 535 Statement by Professor Jean-Francois Bergier 543 TRIPARTITE GOLD COMMISSION The Tripartite Commission for die Restitution of Monetary Gold 547

TURKEY Conference Paper 1: The Jews of Turkey (historical background) 553 Conference Paper 2 579 CONTENTS IX

Conference Paper 3: Historical facts 587 Conference Paper 4: Complementary statement by Turkey 655 Conference Paper 5: Gold purchased from Switzerland 665

UKRAINE Report of die Ukraine delegation 673 Nazi victims in Ukraine 684

UNITED KINGDOM Allied discussions and decisions on gold, 1945-46 687 Changes in the conceptual landscape 691 Documentation of the records of me Tripartite Gold Commission 697

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA What U.S. officials knew about the movement of German monetary gold, looted or odierwise, during World War II and die restitution of looted gold after the war 699 Research into US and Allied efforts to recover and restore gold and other assets stolen or hidden by Germany during World War II 709 Insurance as a forcibly surrendered or plundered asset in die Holocaust 715

WORLD JEWISH CONGRESS Indemnification and reparations: Jewish losses • 719 Movements of Nazi gold 766

CLOSING STATEMENTS Closing statement by die Foreign Secretary, the Rt. Hon. Robin Cook MP 789 Closing plenary statement by Stuart Eizenstat 790 Summing up by die Conference Chairman, Lord Mackay of Clashfern 795 Conclusions by die Conference Chairman, Lord Mackay of Clashfern 800

OBSERVERS' PAPERS p Nazi gold - a call for justice 809 Present position of surviving former political prisoners of German concentration camps 823 Campaign for Jewish slave labour compensation 825

APPENDIX list of delegates 827