BVILDER
DEVOTED TO ARCHITECTVRE
TWENTY-FIVE CENTS SCOTT A. WHITE THE NORTHWESTERN | LEWIS BUILDING AKRON VITRIFIED TERRA-COTTA CO. ROOFING TILE MANUFACTURERS OF THE HIGHEST GRADES OF 0
In Colonial Days there were no "suits" of furni Office and Railway Buildings, ture. Every piece was distinctive, fashioned by the Manufacturing Plants, Reinforced Concrete, Structural Steel, cunning hand of a painstaking craftsman. Chip Terminals and Subways, pendale's delicately carved chairs, Hepplewhite's Dredging, Dock Work, inlaid sideboards, Sheraton's ornamented desks and Heavy Masonry, Grain Elevators. writing tables, gave that atmosphere of individual ity, taste and comfort, which bespoke exclusiveness OFFICES and refinement. Hudson Terminal Building New York I Bank of Commerce Building St. Louis To collectors and lovers of Period Furniture, the Fisher Building Chicago subject is extremely interesting, appealing to an Hibemia Bank Building New Orleans artistic sense lot aroused by other furniture. To First National Bank Building Denver see furniture of this class Bowles' store is a delight Eastern Township Bank Building Montreal ful place to visit this season of the year. HENRY W. OLIVER BUILDING, 535 LIBERTY AVE. PITTSBURGH, PA. ijf*****4HMHHr**4f4r****4F4**4f4H^ THE BUILDER 3
Atlantic Terra Cotta Company 1170 Broadway, New York.
Largest. Manufacturers of Architectural Terra Cotta in the World.
Atlantic Service means prompt delivery, complete setting drawings, and every care to insure rapidity of con struction. Atlantic System means that Atlantic Terra Cotta is right when it leaves the factory; every piece is inspected and carefully fitted before shipment. Atlantic Construction means correct construction. Complete Terra Cotta construction drawings, showing joint ing, bonding and anchoring are made on every contract, and submitted to the architect for approval. Atlantic Co-operat»ion means intelligent discussion with Architects and Builders on questions that constantly arise in the use of Terra Cotta—and frequently the advice of a Terra Cotta expert is necessary. Atlantic Terra Cotta means the best possible Archi tectural Terra Cotta at the lowest cost possible for the best.
Pittsburgh Representative F. G. EVATT 705 Fulton Building. 4 THE BUILDER go<=>o)
o MANUFACTURING COMPANY House Painting, Enameling and Gilding, fi FARMERS BANK BUILDING PITTSBURGH FINISHING AND RE-FINISHING OF HARD WOODS. 0
8 The glowing promises of cement houses Be// 'Phone 211 Cedar. at a low figure have never been fulfilled. 850 North Avenue, West, Allegheny. We offer a frame house, a real home, one that has been erected many times at the figure quoted and that has given invariable
ASSOCIATED WITH i? satisfaction. DEWAR & CLINTON i In our houses you know positively just what you are getting—no guesswork—and AND ^ you know the exact price—no extras. Dewar, Clinton & Alexander Co. lj We use the best materials only. (j PENN AVENUE, PITTSBURGH, PA. Q A BeH 'Phone 1383 Court. A BUILD THE "MODERN" WAY, \^o
Atlantic Terra Cotta Company 1170 Broadway, N. Y. HOTEli
Architectural Terra Cotta differs n construction from every other struc tural material. For this reason the EUCLID adaption of steel construction to archi tectural terra cotta should be consid ered before the steel contract is let. The Atlantic Company prepares draw Euclid Ave. and E. 14th St. ings on every order, showing the con CLEVELAND, OHIO struction of the entire building in com Official Hotel of the American plete detail. Motor League These drawings, together with pho 300 Rooms—European Plan tographs of all modeled work, are Rates: $1 to $4 Per Day submitted to the architect for ap proval or revision. The architect Headquarters for Auto Tourists passes on every important point before the work goes forward in an Atlantic Many of the leading garages located plant. within one block of the Hotel
Southern Branch District, Manager, Atlanta Terra Cotta Company, F. G. Evatt, East. Point., Ga. 705 Fulton Bldg., Hotel Euclid Co. Pittsburgh FRED. S. AVERY, President. THE BUILDER 5
"^taltdatf d" Modern Bath Room, Design P40 %iattd&rdH Plumbing Fixtures "A Fixture for Every Requirement"
Architects and Builders frequently experience difficulty in the selection of really suitable fixtures where extraordinary circumstances exist in the bathroom. This difficulty can be largely overcome by installing *£tattdatf New York 35-37 W. 31st Street Houston, Tex... .Cor. Preston & Smith Sts. Philadelphia 1128 Walnut Street Boston John Hancock Building Pittsburgh 949 Penn Avenue Montreal, Can 215 Coristine Building St. Louis 100-102 North Fourth Street Chicago 415 Ashland Block New Orleans Cor. Baronne& St. Joseph Sts. Cleveland 648-652 Huron Road, S. E. Louisville 319-323 West Main Street San Francisco, Cal. 1303-04 Metropolis Bldg. Toronto, Can 59 Richmond Street, E. London, Eng..57-60 Holborn Viaduct, E. C. 6 THEBUILDER Wm. Miller & Son's Co z^x?= Contractors and ESviilcIejr^ 530 to 534 Federal Street, PITTSBURGH, PA. Bell Phone 1405 Grant, HOTEL CUMBERLAND THE NEW YORK S. W. Cor. Broadway at 54th Street Near 50th St. Subway Station, 53d St. Elevated and all Surface Lines W. S. TYLER HEADQUARTERS FOE ARCHITECTS AND BUILDERS. Only New York Hotel With f JF 78 Window Screens Throughout. COM PANY jr-! 'fir' Ideal Location. * Near Depots, Shops, and Central Park. NEW AND FIREPROOF ORNAMENTAL Strictly First Class. IRON RATES SEASONABLE. All Hardwood Floors and Oriental Rugs. AND BRONZE European Plan. 10 MINUTES WALK TO 20 THEATRES. Transient Rates, $2.50 with Bath, and Up. Excellent Restaurant. Prices Moderate. BESSEMER BUILDING Send for Booklet. HARRY P. STIMSON R. J. BINGHAM PITTSBURGH, PA. Formerly with Hotel Imperial. Formerly with Hotel Woodward THE BUILDER 7 THE} "BELER" Automatic Thermostatic Instantaneous Water Heater. The most simply constructed heater on the market, all parts being- accessible by opening the doors (no springs), which comprise the front half of the heater. Our patent Automatic-Thermostatic Pressure Regulator is an entirely new device for the regulation of the gas in Instan taneous Water Heaters, and is constructed without the use of springs in the water chambers, no plungers to stick or bind, and no stuffing boxes to corrode. Our new Hydro-Carbon Burner, constructed without the use of gauze, and giving the highest efficiency and combustion, is absolutely non-corrosive. Inspection solicited. Beler mater Beater go, •-- - ' 311 Water Street, PITTSBURGH, PA. THE NICOLA BUILDING CO Building . Contractors FARMERS BANK BUILDING PITTSBURGH, PA, THE BUILDER INTERIOR FINISH CO. Makers of High-Class Interior Cabinet % Work, Mill Work, Sash Doors, Trim, Etc- Beaver Avenue and Fayette Street, N. S. PITTSBURGH. ^*I**J«J+*J«J«+**J**J+^*^J+*J^^J+*J^^ Bernard Gloekler Co. 1 I MAKER OF THE THE I Celebrated Eclipse Refrigerator BVILDER I IS ALWAYS ON SALE i % X BY I y""^ v i ! ! R. S. DAVIS & CO. V y 441 Wood Street • ! I »*• I %P* Of Any Design For All Purposes. I I OFFICE, FA CTOR Y AND DISPLA Y ROOM Booksellers and Stationers 1127 to 1133 Penn Avenue and who PITTSBURGH, PA. Handle all Home and Foreign Books and Periodicals 3! S T "•"•"•"•"•*.• •.,V • •.•**,* •*•**••»•' «t«*<«>4>*'M>**^^*^***^HH->4^<^^«H'^^HHHH,<***4> THE BUILDER JAMES L STUART, Reliance Constructing Engraving Engineer.. Company, 341 Sixth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. Pittsburgh. Makers of High-grade Print Contracts taken for all Classes of Building. ing Plates for Catalogs Office Buildings, Industrial Plants, and Advertising Power Plants, Reinforced Concrete, Etc. Bell Phone Grant 3158. Purposes. The ]Walone Stone Co. Stelner & Voegtly Hardware Ci Cleveland, Ohio. DEALERS IN QUARRYMEN OF Sargent's Fine Builders' Hardware AMHERST STONE Luitink, Acme Lane & Coburn Buff and Gray Building Stone Sliding Door of every description Hangers Euclid Bluesfone Starrett's Machinists' Tools Flagging, Steps, Sills. Tree Brand Plum Creek Liver Rock Cutlery & Razors Manufacturers of PITTSBURG OFFICES Geisey Casement Now Located WINDOW CLOSED. WINDOW OPCN. GIESEYS ELEVATING CASEMENT WINDOW HINGE. WindoWindOwW PiPiVOt\ S 1102 Farmers Bank Building PATENTED JULY 19™ 1898. STEINER & VOEGTLY, 310 WOOD 5T, PTTTSHUBG PH.. andHingeS Phone, Grant 3542 J30-234 Diamond Street PITTSBURG, PA. 10 THE BUILDER A. & S. WILSON CO. IB CONTRACTORS AND BUILDERS IS 8 ft IB IB ft 1 % 91 * $ % ft I % ft K! iw'i i ^?." fece •: r~r r - IHW k.k mm. ----JEC-* 'fcT^* irWffiW I 8 9 «&; wT % I NESSK:.... . ^jr-ffj -fry" - % - OFFICE BUILDINGS, WAREHOUSES, POWER PLANTS, FINE& RESIDENCES, BANK AND OFFICE FIXTURES. PITTSBURGH, PA. S ^^^3SS25R8S3SR^ 2SR8S£5e 2SRSS 2*2385 2S5RSS 2«e355R3£;d£ HOME OF MR. JOE KELLY R. M. TRIMBLE, ARCHITECT, PITTSBURGH THE BVILDER Vol. 29 PITTSBURGH, PA., MAY, 1911 No. 1 PUBLISHED MONTHLY least we may set things in the order that seems desirable to us and mold our surroundings to our BY individual wants, without offense to anyone but the T. M. WALKER deserted furnisher, whose perfervid concern for the salvation of our artistic souls seldom extends LYCEUM BUILDING PITTSBURGH, PA. beyond the doorstep of his shop. The living rooms Entered at the Post olTicc at Pittsburgh. Pa., as Second-Class Matter. the painters choose to immortalize are not the product of house furnishers, but of home builders, SUBSCRIPTION, INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE, ONE YEAR, $2 the simple surroundings of a life that has re deemed them to beauty. And the things we col lect and treasure in useless cabinets or unrelated HOUSE FURNISHINGS AND HOME shelves, what are they ? Brasses from Russia, fire- irons of the Colonies, embroideries of the East, FURNISHING. rugs of the Orient, ravished from the floors of Like pretty much everything else in this age tents and thefiresides o f peasants, made for use of specialization, house furnishing has become a and doubly hallowed by that use. These persons business. And while there may be a certain gain who sit in the outer darkness have",'lived their in economy, or what is mistaken for economy, and homes into being, while we cultured ones buy purs in the direction of the so-called artistic through at a department store, or if we can afford it, hire this specialization, the condition is only made possi draughtsmen who themselves usually'liye in quite ble by our other failure to comprehend the real humble surroundings, to search the records of the problem of house furnishing. And this business of past for appropriate designs, and then : have the house furnishing is well named. It could not con things made in factories or by dwellers in the ceivably be called home furnishing. Given a house slums, whose lives are just so much more real'^han designed or rather compiled to meet no particular ours as makers always are than mere users." . or individual wants, to express no purpose, other And so our modern palaces are vapid an'd un than that of sale or rent, given occupiers who have related reproductions or modifications" *of the past, been carefully trained to believe that the youth in filled with junk, the hall of Italian -T^enais-sarrce, the store who talks so glibly of "styles" is the the reception room blamed on one of the Useful oracle of taste his blatant assurance would indi Louis, the library, Jacobean, the breakfast room, cate, and you have a combination ripe for the marts Georgian (Colonial having now become plebeian), of trade. Ask these carefully laundered gentlemen the dining room Flemish and the baiaiice of; .the how to furnish your house, and you will run just house assorted according to taste, .except'-..the about the same chance of having a home as you kitchen. The kitchen is American and'niodern; it will of having your true fortune told by dropping has to be; there's work to be done in ft,--If I were a nickel in the slot at the next street corner. I am going to be so rash as to advise you how to finish not going to compete with the aforesaid experts and furnish your house I should begin with the and tell you how you should furnish your homes; kitchen. I know approximately what is going to in case, of course, you prefer a home to a furnished be done there. house; if you really care for a stylish house, by Of course, under economic conditions that all means go to the stylish furnishers; they know make us mostly temporary tenants in our homes their honorable calling well, and will render you an and button-pushers in our work, we cannot hope to account for taste with the bill for the goods. have homes like mother used to make,—or is it It may, of course, be questioned if one has the grandmother now? When people made their own right to have a house, the exterior of which is de and their neighbor's possessions and were anchored signed entirely to meet one's own purposes and so securely that they were compelled to live with ideas. We cannot stumble along the streets blind- and near the things they made, they just had to folded, and must needs therefore look upon each get a little fun out of the making, and so fashioned other's houses, but there is no compulsion what them that they were not ashamed, when they ever upon the world to ring our door-bells. Here called on a neighbor, to look their handiwork in the at least the feathers of our nest may be arranged face. Of course, nowadays, you never see the man - to suit the eggs and the mother's breast. Here at who made your chairs, and he never sees you; that 32571is mostl7 y what is the matter with the chairs. And, 14 THE BUILDER of course, when you couldn't have very many from off your feet, are more practical than you. things, you cared to have them good, and in those You collect and enshrine the crumbs that have days necessity was the mother of invention and fallen from the artists' tables, the hallowed evi all the things were different; now invention is the dences of their growth which your kind of work mother of necessity and all the things are alike, and doesn't even give you the power to comprehend. just about as appropriate as the application of the And you who labor and are heavy laden that lady for membership in the Daughters of the Revo these things should be, held only by the hope that lution on the ground that her grandfather was a you too may rise to the gilded heights of usefulness, Hessian. what have you to show for your age of struggle; of I am criticizing our modern attitude toward pinched pocket and stupefied brain? life, not our modern business habits, which are the Rows of crumbling burrows to live in, ill-made 'inevitable outcome of the attitude. House furnish tools to work with; except the marvelous machines ing is about the best we can do under present con whose soul-destroying levers you daily push; shoddy ditions, and we have improved in taste, if not in clothes, no light in your life, but the garish light of real understanding of life. Neither is it possible banal shows; no color but that of the crudities your instantly to remake civilization at the call of the wondrous machines toss out; poisons to drink and Prophet of a New Day. Civilization is not called adulteration to eat, and all for the evanescent hope into being, but is evolved out of life. that you too may reach the top of that tinsel-tipped The mistake of the nineteenth century was in ladder of swords, a practical age has named success. believing that all things good and desirable may be How shall I talk to you about furnishing homes bought; the age took the tip of Iago, "Put money who have only rented tenements? Why should I in thy purse," and so we have bought education, stop to tell you that plain papers are better than bought taste, bought culture (only the expensive unrestful and dazzling pattern papers; why point schools furnish it), and it is inevitable that things out that roses on the carpet don't keep the feet any should be made to sell rather than to use. Fac warmer than cool restful colors? Why preach of tories are built for profits, not for the manufacture simple lines in the essential furnishings, since the of goods, the sole requirement being that they are desire for these things and the beauty of their ap good enough to satisfy our bought taste, and last preciation can only come out of real culture, which till they are put across the counter. And if there when it comes will first demand a sane life and was one grotesque joke in the whole nineteenth then a sane surrounding for it. I was asked to century it was in the noisy assumption that it was write about house furnishings. I find I must write a practical age. Look at the devastating records about soul furnishing; about home making, not of .that age, of "progress and practical advance"; home fixing. If you are content to buy your culture a land almost swept clear of the forests that could and your aesthetics, go to those that sell; if you have lasted a really practical people forever; the yearn, as more and more of us do yearn, for better bowels of the earth ravished for coal and iron; its homes, then let us realize that we must have a bet streams polluted or dried up; its water powers ter world to build them in, and before house fur stolen; tariff walls built against the honest goods nishing comes house cleaning; house cleaning men of other countries so that we should be compelled tally by realizing that what we really are striving to buy inferior goods of our hurried making; a for in our aching struggle is growth, and that great tin industry, but no honest tin; a great steel growth comes by creative thought and work, and trust with a few million dollars' worth of plant and by no other road; house cleaning spiritually, by hundreds of millions of dollars of thieving paper. realizing that you raise yourself by your brother's And now a little over a decade later, what have shoulders, not on them; house cleaning artistically we to show for it? What glories of art, what by perceiving that it takes the people beautiful to treasures of craftsmanship to grace the homes or build the city beautiful; and first and last, economic even." the -galleries of the future ? What architec house cleaning by the conviction that economic sin ture, save the silly befringed mantle of the past, is the mother of all sins; that failure to adjust our draped around the gaunt skeleton of our senseless, selves to the material universe and to the nature formless cities? A little babble about the "city of man makes all other house cleanings of no avail. beautiful", conceived out of books, a few marble House cleaning mentally, spiritually, artistically— libraries, whose real authors are so long dead that these without the last are like broom and dustbrush they are nameless. The furniture, the flimsy frame cleaning, they redistribute the dust, they put it out houses we stick and tack together, already of sight, not out of being. But economic house shaking apart, or their ill-seasoned members fall cleaning is vacuum cleaning; it sucks the dirt from ing to decay. hidden places, and takes it clean outside our walls. And it was for these things we harried our House cleaning, however, is not house furnish valleys and our hills and burnt out our pregnant ing. After all, we have to know what to put in as lives in the mad race of a practical age that knew well as what to take out. A cleaned house econom too much to have sense. It was so sure of its new ically is a Democracy, and Democracy is the aboli found knowledge that it forgot the end and aim of tion of special privilege. A Democracy doesn't do life. things for us, it allows us to do for ourselves to the Oh, you practical business men, with your pal uttermost. But Democracy carries with it the com aces, in which you stop, and your servants live, pulsion to make social and industrial arrangements, with your vaults full of fool-given powers to ex since having abolished the king and the trust there ploit, with your galleries of art,—why, the longest- is no one to make them for us. We. mustfirst free haired artist of them all, the horniest-handed the earth for the use of man, by abolishing privi craftsman, the dust of whose labor you have shaken lege, all primarily based on land privilege, and then THEBUILDER 15 we must organize the production of wealth on the The study of Japanese manners and customs, basis of man's good, not more goods. And when of home decorations and gardening features, first we do this the factory will disappear, for the twin became of prominent interest in this country in reasons that free men will neither work at the tail connection with the early world's fair. The Chi of a machine nor be satisfied with its monotonous cago fair of 1893 presented one of its most charm product. Then art will come into the world again, ing features in the form of a complete Japanese applied to every commonest, thing in its proper de village, constructed and ornamented with regard gree. Then we may begin real home furnishing; to all the traditional details for which our Eastern then we may begin to use the marvelous scientific neighbors are famous. Japanese villages then be discoveries of the last century, instead of being con came the fad, not only for later "fairs," but Japa sumed and destroyed by them. nese tea-rooms and Japanese gardens on an elaborate And your individual house won't be cleaned for scale were built as side attractions at famous sum furnishing until it, too, becomes a Democracy. If mer resorts; and an increasing interest in the father and mother are king and queen, then there quaint stone lanterns, the curiously dwarfed trees, is no Democracy, and even this doesn't often hap the winding rockbound waterways crossed by novel pen; usually when mother is queen, father is only bridges, and all the significant details of garden ac prince consort at the best, and lackey at the worst. cessories associated with traditional and legendary And when father is king, mother's marriage is apt lore of the Japanese attracted the attention of own to be morganatic and mother's children subjects ers of splendid country-seats, who speedily de not peers. Your rights in a Democracy are equal, manded the services of Oriental landscape artists to but your requirements are not, and you can always thus decorate a portion of their extensive acres. consult your children spiritually, even before you In some instances, of late, Japanese gardens can mentally. How many houses do you know have been transplanted bodily from a summer re where the chairs are of heights suitable to the oc sort (where they have flourished for a time and cupants? You consult the needs of the baby that then became unprofitable) to decorate a home-gar can't tell and give it a footrest, but do you consult den of an enthusiastic nature student, as in the case your children or even your wife who can tell, and of the quaint and charming bit of old Japan now would tell if you wanted to know? owned by Mr. Matthias Homer. In other instances, The way to furnish a home is to democratize the owners of still more extensive acres have not it first. Provide for and stimulate the expression only employed famous Japanese artists to lay out of individual needs and desires, and then meet those ideal gardens, but they have themselves become needs as simply as possible, and don't be afraid of interested in importing the dwarfed and curiously individuality. A real expression of your own needs stunted and gnarled old trees direct from the will never fail to have in it some element of appro mother country to decorate their unique gardens. priateness. I thing even the haircloth horrors, the Mr. Charles Pilling was one of the first to follow dead shells and coral, the waxflowers of the middle this fad, and the cenutry-old pines and many novel of last century took on a certain dignity from their plants and trees measuring only a foot or two in real expression of a narrow and inartistic age. At height and numbering their years by centuries, least they represented individual lack of taste, and now decorate his Japanese garden nook imported that is better than the organized death of the school by himself. Again, the owners of extensive coun men's edicts of taste, which we have substituted try-seats have given all the details of importing for the crudities of their barren life.—William L. the paraphernalia and the construction of their PriceTH. E JAPANESE GARDEN IN AMERICA. Oriental gardens to the care of the Japanese crafts The ever-increasing demand for novelty in the men who excel in this work, while taking an in ornamenting of country-seats has of late years led tense personal interest in all the details of their to pleasing results in the reproduction of the best new possessions, growing from year to year, like types of Oriental gardens. Less than a decade ago the garden of Mr. Louis Burk, in which he has an authority on landscape gardening lamented the watched the tedious process of construction for fact that Americans are slow in appreciating the three years or more with ever-increasing delight true art of gardening in regard to the idea of fit though not taking any direct part in its construc ness and harmony in details, as evidenced by Japa tion) and who is now planning to greatly increase nese landscape artists; and the statement was then its area. There is a fourth class who own wonder made, that while there have been a few attempts at ful Japanese gardens, who look upon them simply copying Japanese methods, there is not a genuine as an additional attraction for decorating a portion Japanese garden, constructed upon true Oriental of their ample areas, and after being assured that principles, to be found upon any of our noted Ameri the garden building is under the supervision of a can country-seats. Now, all this has changed. Within practical Japanese artist, who will "do the thing up the past few years many famous gardens have been right," they give no further concern to this than constructed by competent Japanese craftsmen, who they do to the Italian gardens and other formal have given their entire lives to the study of the gardens that are appropriately placed on various religious and symbolic, as well as the picturesque secluded portions of their grounds. But no matter features of landscape gardening, and who have car what the object that influenced the owner to in ried out with painstaking care upon Occidental clude Japanese gardening in decorating his home acres the artistic details that have made Oriental grounds, the interest thus evidenced has grown gardens of world-wide fame. until many are becoming familiar with the true art of gardening in Japan. There is still another class of enthusiasts upon this subject who have attempted to build their own 16 THEBUILDER Oriental gardens, fashioned after those that they conventional ideal pine tree shape, as though have studied on their travels in Japan, or by study buffeted and gnarled by the fierce winds of cen ing the models already established in this country; turies." but in every instance it is noted that such gardens These native craftsmen will also assure the fail to be successful unless one understands the owners of the gardens they are constructing that seemingly endless details that govern true Oriental there are ideal shapes not only for the pines, but gardening. It is safer if one would have it con also for the mountains, lakes, water-falls, stones, structed on correct lines, to give the building of and numerous other accessories; and it is of the even the tiniest Japanese garden into the care of a utmost importance that the gardener should take native craftsman. cognizance of a multitude of religious and ethical The American-Japanese gardens, which pre conventions in working out his design. They call sent interesting studies in various sections of the attention to the fact that the streams must follow country to-day, almost invariably include numer certain cardinal directions, that the nine spirits of ous flowers with their manifold ornamental acces the Buddhist pantheon must be symbolized in the sories—the Japanese azaleas, the dwarfed plum number and disposition of the principal rocks. trees and many novel water plants being the prima That the trees and stones must be carefully studied favorites; but travelers in Japan frequently note as to their relations to each other and to the general the fact that the native gardens are not necessarily garden scheme, and only such combinations made flower gardens, neither are they always made for as are regarded as "fortunate." And woe to the the purpose of cultivating plants. In nine cases out unhappy gardener who does not carefully study of ten there is nothing in the smaller plots to re their symbolic relations and who carelessly intro semble a flower-bed. Some gardens may contain duces what is considered an unlucky combination. merely a sprig of green; some (although these are So conscientious are the Oriental garden build exceptional) have nothing green at all, and consist ers that they give the same care in regard to sym entirely of rocks, pebbles and sand. Neither does bolic details to their "foreign" landscape construc the Japanese garden require any fixed allowance of tion on American country-seats, as in their native space; it may cover one or many acres; it may be country. No matter what the size, form or finish— only ten feet square; it may, in extreme cases, be whether it is large or small, mountainous or flat, much less, and be contained in a curiously shaped, rough or elaborate—the true landscape garden shallow, carved box set on a veranda, in which are must be made to contain, in some form, rocks and created tiny hills, microscopic ponds and rivulets water and vegetation, in connection with various spanned by tiny humped bridges, while queer wee architectural accessories in the form of indispensa plants represent trees, and curiously formed ble lanterns, bridges and stepping-stones, while, in pebbles stand for rocks. But on whatever the more elaborate gardens are introduced pagodas, scale, all true Japanese gardening is landscape gar water-basins, tea-houses, boundary fences, or dening; that is, it is a living model of an actual hedges of bamboo, and fancifully roofed gateways. Japanese landscape. The careful distribution of garden vegetation It is an exceptional privilege to study at first is considered quite as important as the arrange hand the significance of all the details that go to ment of the principal rocks and stones and the con make up the true Japanese gardens, which have tours of land and water. The Eastern travelers now become the fad in this country. I have been who have taken cognizance only of the grounds of informed by an excellent authority on the subject the larger temples of Japan will probably fail to that "through long accumulation of traditional realize the significance of tree grouping in regula methods, the representation of natural features in tion landscape gardening. In the temple gardens, a garden model has come to be a highly conven groves and avenues of trees are frequently planted tional expression, like all Japanese art; and the in rows, with the same formality adopted in West Japanese garden bears somewhat the same relation ern gardens, while in the true landscape gardens to an actual landscape that a painting of a view of such formal arrangements are never resorted to. Fuji-yama by the wonderful Hokusai does to the Not only are the trees arranged in open and irregu actual scene—it is a representation based upon lar groups instead of being planted in rows—when actual and natural forms, but so modified to accord several are planted together—but the rules for with accepted canons of Japanese art, so full of planting these clumps or groups are rigidly deter mysterious symbolism only to be understood by the mined. To the uninitiated it is difficult to under initiated, so expressed, in a word, in terms of the stand just why these tree clumps must be disposed national artistic conventions, that it costs the West in double, triple or quadrupple combinations, while ern mind long study to learn to appreciate its full these combinations may be again regrouped accord beauty and significance. ing to recognized rules based upon contrasts of "Suppose, to take a specific example, that in form, line and color of foliage; but all these rules the actual landscape upon which the Japanese gar are understood and most carefully adhered to by dener chose to model his design, a pine tree grew the student of Japanese garden craft. And it is upon the side of a hill. Upon the side of a corres found on comparing the grouping of tiny dwarfed ponding artificial hill in his garden he would there trees of miniature gardens with the arrangement. fore, plant a pine, but he would not clip and trim m larger spaces, that the same rules have been fol its branches to imitate the shape of the original, lowed. but, rather, satisfied that by so placing it he had The disposition and the use of the various gone far enough toward the imitation of Nature, architectural accessories of the garden is also he would clip his garden pine to make it correspond formally regulated, and the variety in garden build as closely as circumstances might permit, with a ing is found mainly in the form' of these acces- THE BUILDER 17 sories, as the pagodas, lanterns, water-basins, wells though not so whimsical as thefir trees (matsuji) and bridges are fashioned in many curious and which rival the box-hedge peacocks and other arm beautiful designs, while the enclosures on the form orial bearings in old English baronial gardens. In of unique fencing of reeds, bamboo and twigs pre the garden of the "Golden Pavilion" (Kinkakuji) sent many pleasing forms and combinations. at Kyoto, there is afir tre e tortured into the simili The famous Japanese landscape gardens that tude of a junk in full sail; and every tiny garden have been established on American country-seats will display some strikingly unique form of twisted have been sufficiently large to give a fairly good and stunted pine tree. Where the stream runs into idea of Oriental landscape gardening on an exten a little lake, there will be a bed of stately purple sive scale, and yet there is no reason why the own iris, and built out into it on piles, or spanning a nar ers of city homes with small backyards enclosed by row arm as a covered bridge, a wistaria arbor, with ugly, high board-fences should not have them long, purple blooms reaching down to the water in transformed by a bit of Japanese magic. Professor the springtime. The wild wistaria, which grows Morse tells, in his talks on Japanese, of how they profusely in Japan, is one of the favorite garden utilize the smallest areas of ground for garden flowers, and it is one that shouldfigure prominently effects. "I recall an example," he says, "of a cheap in the city gardens of this country, one that would inn, where I was forced to take a meal or go hungry give constant delight.—P. W. Humphreys. until late at night. The immediate surroundings indicated poverty, the house itself being poorly fur FURNITURE OF OUR FOREFATHERS nished, the mats hard and uneven, and the attend Roughly speaking, furniture and all forms of ants very cheaply dressed. In the room where our Decorative Art in which the curve predominated meal was served there was a circular window lasted from the beginning until the middle of the through which could be seen a curious stone lan century, when the straight line asserted itself and tern and a pine tree, the branches of which triumphed. In the last clays of Louis XV the re stretched across the opening, while beyond, a fine action is already visible, indeed, indications of the view of some high mountains was to be had. From coming Louis XVI style begin between 1745 and where we sat on the mats there were all the evi 1750. The discoveries made in Pompeii and Her- dences of afine garden outside and wondering how culaneum are responsible for the enthusiasm that so poor a house could sustain so fine a garden, I the straight line and regular forms of Greek art went to the window to investigate. What was my exerted in certain masters of Decorative Art. surprise to find that the extent of ground from Among the precursors of the Louis XVI style which the lantern and pine tree sprung was just and whose works are a mixture of the Louis XV three feet in width! Then came a low, board- and Louis XVI styles are Lucotte, Watelet, J. B. fence, and beyond this stretched the rice-fields of a Pierre, Dumont, Roubo, Charles de Warily, Choffart neighboring farmer. At home such a strip of land and Neufforge. In the last particularly do we meet would, in all likelihood, have been the receptacle with the coming style; and, among the designs of for broken glass and tin cans and a thoroughfare Delafosse (1731), one of the chief exponents of the for erratic cats; here, however, everything was Louis XVI style, wefind man y reminiscences of the clean and neat—and this narrow plot of ground, Louis XV style. good for no other purpose, had been utilized solely The lovers of the Classic in England were only for the benefit of the room within." too ready to welcome the reaction from the rococo There is no reason why the smallest of these and to stimulate the new taste for the straight line, backyard gardens should lack any of the indispensa mortuary urn, and arabesque ornamentation. The ble accessories, for all may be reproduced on a early Louis XVI was known in England as the miniature scale. In fact, a great majority of city Adam style, which is, however, unfair to a great homes in Japan have very little more scope for many others who made war on the Gothic, Chinese, their gardening than that contained in the brick- and rococo taste. Numerous books on architecture, paved or cemented space back of the average city ornamentation and decorative design, as well as homes of America; and yet travelers in Japan, who cabinet work, were issued between 1765 and 1771; have had access to private dwelling-places in the and it is noticeable that the names of many Italians cities, as well as to the public inns, tell of wonder appear in this list. The artists that the Adam ful "toy-gardens" in which nothing is lacking in brothers employed to work for them—Angelica Oriental completeness—there is a little artificial Kauffman and her husband, Antonio Zucchi, Cipri lake of pellucid brightness, a little artificial water ani and Pergolesi—had also great influence. The last, fallfit for a naiad's fountain, both fed by a little whom they brought from Italy, is thought by Mr. sandy-bottomed brook or conduit of clear spring Heaton to be the "unacknowledged author of most water; a cluster of little islands (one of them, per of the beautiful details of Adam's book." The haps, shaped like a tortoise) affording opportunities Adam brothers never made furniture—they were for impossible quaint little stone bridges, circle- architects and designers; and it was largely owing backed, horseshoe-backed, orflat slabs of preten to their high social position that their influence was tious size, and every member of the cluster with so great. its little stone pagoda, its quaint daimio-lantern, its When Chippendale published his famous book toy shrine, or the fantastic bits of rock for which of designs, the Louis XV style was on the wane. the Japanese pay such extravagant prices. The very year of its publication—1754—Robert On the artificial promontories will stand maples Adam went to Dalmatia to study the ruins of the —plain maples, copper maples, pink maples, varie Emperor Diocletian's palace; and, on his return to gated maples—all within the fine splintery-leaf of England in 1762 became royal architect. His the Japanese maples, trained into whimsical shapes, 18 THE BUILDER brother, James, was identified with him in all his painted, or japanned. To all other legs, he prefers work. As the nobility and gentry not only patron the tapering and slender "term" leg ending in the ized the Adam brothers, but received them socially, "spade" foot, which is very heavy for a genuine these architects and designers of furniture belong Heppelwhite piece. The carving of the bell-flower to a different class from that of Chippendale, chutes on the legs is also heavy. The fluting on the Heppelwhite and Sheraton. They themselves drawers suggests Sheraton. said: "If we have any claim to approbation, Generally speaking, the proportions of the we found it on this alone: That weflatter ourselve s Heppelwhite chair are as follows: Height, 3 feet 1 we have been able to seize with some degree of suc inch; height, to seat frame from floor, 17 inches; cess the beautiful spirit of antiquity, and to trans depth of seat, 17 inches, and width of seat in front, fuse it, with novelty and variety, through all our 20 inches. For the seats of open back and carved numerous works." chairs silk, satin, and leather and horsehair An English critic has aptly written: What (figured, checked, plain or striped) were used. ever were the architectural defects of their works, It was in Heppelwhite's time that the side the brothers formed a style which was marked by board, with its convenient arrangement of drawers a fine sense of proportion, and a very elegant taste and cupboards, with a largeflat to p for the display in the selection and dispositionofniches,lunettes,re of silver, came into fashion. Up to this time the liefs, festoons, and other classical ornaments. It was court cupboard, the tall enclosed buffet, and large their custom to design furniture in character with "sideboard table" had been used, but Heppelwhite their apartments, and their works of this kind are turns it into a very elaborate piece of furnitiire, still highly prized. Among them may be specially with drawers and cupboards. The Heppelwhite mentioned their sideboards, with elegant urn- sideboard stands on tapering legs ending in the shaped knife boxes; but they also designed book "spade," or "Marlborough" foot, and is generally cases and commodes, brackets and pedestals, clock made of mahogany and inlaid with satinwood, the cases and candelabra, mirror frames and console legs being ornamented with graduated bell-flowers. tables of singular and original merit, adapting class Brass ring-handles are used. Knife cases and an ical forms to modern uses with a success unrivalled urn-shaped spoon case stand, as a rule, on the slab by any other designer of furniture in England." of the sideboard with the plate. Among the ornaments the Adam brothers used Tea-trays, tea-tables, candle-stands and tea were lozenge-shaped panels, octagons, ovals, hexa kettle stands are also to be found among his de gons, circles, wreaths, fans, husks medallions, signs. The tea-kettle stand was of great use to the draped medallions, medallions with figures, goats, hostess. the ram's head, eagle-headed grotesques, griffins, Hepplewhite was as fond of upholstery as sea-horses, the patera, the rosette, caryatids, and Chippendale. He loved the festoon, cords and tas all other classical and mythological subjects. sels, and gave explicit directions for his elaborate Very much simpler than the furniture de luxe draperies for beds. Pier glasses, mirrors and giran of the Adam brothers is that appearing in the book doles were carved in a great variety of designs. published in 1788 by the firm of A. Heppelwhite & Many indications of the approaching Sheraton style Co., cabinet makers, called The Cabinet Maker and appear among his models. Upholsterer's Guide, or Repository of Designs for In all probability Thomas Sheraton, a journey Every Article of Household Furniture in the New man cabinet-maker, who settled in London • about est and Most Approved Taste. In some respects 1790, made even less furniture than Chippendale. the patterns shown here are more characteristically From the time he arrived in London until his death English than the designs of either Chippendale or in 1806 he seems to have devoted all his time to Adam. Indeed, the authors of this book claim that writing practical books on furniture and issuing de they have selected such as will "convey a just idea signs. It is interesting, too, to notice that he of English taste in furniture for houses." They claimed very few of the models. He says that his also remark that "English taste and workmanship Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterer's Drawing-Book is have, of late years, been much sought for by sur "intended to exhibit the present taste of furniture rounding nations; and the mutability of all things, and at the same time to give the workman some but more especially of fashions, has rendered the assistance in the manufacture of it." Moreover, he labors of our predecessors in this line of little use." continues: "I have made it my business to apply They also assert that they have avoided all whims, to the best workmen in different shops to obtain or fancies, and "steadily adhered to such articles their assistance in the explanation of such pieces as only as are of general use and service," but they they have been most acquainted with. And, in gen also claim that their drawings are new and follow eral, my request has been complied with, from the "the latest, or most prevailing fashion." generous motive of making the book as generally When this book appeared, the Chippendale useful as possible." Thus, the most fashionable style was entirely out of date; and as far as Heppel furniture of the day appears in Sheraton's books. white is concerned, neither the "Chinese" nor the In his early publications the designs are chiefly in "Gothic" styles ever existed. the Louis XVI style, while in his Cabinet Diction The general effect of Heppelwhite furniture is ary, published in 1803 and Cabinet-Maker, Uphol lightness and the straight line is insistent. The sterer and General Artist's Encyclopaedia, pub characteristic ornaments are the bell-flower in lished in 1804-06, the Empire style appears in full swags or chutes, the lotus, the rosette, the glory. acanthus, the shell, the urn, draped and without He is particularly fond of carving and gives drapery, and the three feathers of the Prince of many graceful designs and motives for the splats Wales's crest. These ornaments are carved, inlaid, (Continued on Page 35). Covetse.T3 • Tr*oteCH TH ?'Q.VAK^.vTtLeFLOOR. FIRST FLOOR PLAN, HOME OF MR. JOE KELLY R. M. TRIMBLE, ARCHITECT, PITTSBURGH SECOND FLOOR PLAN, HOME OF MR. JOE KELLY R. M. TRIMBLE, ARCHITECT, PITTSBURGH MAIN HALL LIBRARY, HOME OF MR. JOE KELLY R. M. TRIMBLE, ARCHITECT, PITTSBURGH STUDY DINING ROOM, HOME OF MR. JOE KELLY R. M. TRIMBLE, ARCHITECT, PITTSBURGH . .. mil hi I'm aiMM ENTRANCE LOBBY, PITTSBURGH ATHLETIC CLUB ENTRANCE LOBBY, PITTSBURGH ATHLETIC CLUB JANSSEN & ABBOTT, ARCHITECTS, PITTSBURGH SWIMMING POOL, PITTSBURGH ATHLETIC CLUB SWIMMING POOL GALLERY, PITTSBURGH ATHLETIC CLUB JANSSEN & ABBOTT, ARCHITECTS, PITTSBURGH GRILL ROOM, PITTSBURGH ATHLETIC CLUB LIBRARY, PITTSBURGH ATHLETIC CLUB JANSSEN & ABBOTT, ARCHITECTS, PITTSBURGH GYMNASIUM, PITTSBURGH ATHLETIC CLUB BILLIARD ROOM, PITTSBURGH ATHLETIC CLUB JANSSEN & ABBOTT, ARCHITECTS, PITTSBURGH THE BUILDER 35 (Continued from Page 18). AUSTRIAN ARCHITECTURE AND and banisters of chairs and posts of beds. He is DECORATION. also extremely fond of inlaid furniture and painted During the past year considerable progress furniture and liked the new fashion of inlaying has been made in Austria in every branch of dec with brass. Satinwood he greatly admired, espe orative and applied art. And this progress has not cially of a fine straw color, and thought zebra wood been confined to Vienna, for in the provinces the and tulip wood beautiful for cross-banding. His same steady advance may be noticed. A truly na drawing-room furniture was of white and gold, tional art has arisen, based on the best traditions painted and japanned, of satinwood or of rosewood. of the past, but adapted to the requirements of Mahogany he used only for dining-room, bedroom modern culture. It is an invigorating, virile and and library furniture and for chairs with carved serviceable art, and essentially beautiful. The and open backs. work of the younger generation of architects and The secretary and bookcase was, as a rule, designers proves the undoubted value of modern somewhat smaller than during the days of Chip technical instruction and training. It shows these pendale; but the glass doors, of which so many men to be eminently practical, and to possess a varieties appear in Chippendale's books, still re thorough understanding of the possibilities of the mained in fashion. materials to be employed in the execution of their The extension dining-table did not come into designs; indeed, it may be said that at the Imperial existence until 1800, when Richard Gillow, a cabi Arts and Crafts School the students are being net-maker in Oxford street, invented the telescopic thoroughly trained both as designers and crafts table which, with its various changes, is the table men. And this training, combined with the in in use to-day. Gillow's table is described as "an herent feeling for art which lies within these improvement in the method of constructing dining young artists, is certain to bear good fruit. and other tables calculated to reduce the number of The stranger, on entering Vienna for the first legs, pillars and claws and to facilitate and render time, cannot fail to be impressed by the obvious easy their enlargement and reduction." signs of this modern movement; it is in the air. Sheraton's ideas of the dining-table are best The masts and lamps are festooned with flowers, understood by a reference to his book: "The com the arrangement of which displays a fine sense of mon useful dining-tables are upon pillars and harmony of colour, showing that considerable claws, generally four claws to each pillar, with thought is given to making the city beautiful. The brass casters. A dining-table of this kind may be monuments to be met with on all sides give further made to any size by having a sufficient quantity of evidence of this fact; and mention may be made pillar and claw parts, for between each of these here of two especially fine works by Josef Engel- there is a looseflap, fixed b y means of iron straps hart unveiled during the past year—the "Karl Bor- and buttons, so that they are easily taken off and romaus" fountain and the "Othmar Schimkowitz" put aside, and the beds may be joined to each to the famous Austrian painter, Moriz von Schwind. other with brass straps or fork fastenings. Then again the owners are employing the lead The sizes of dining-tables for certain numbers ing architects to reconstruct and decorate the res may easily be calculated by allowing two feet to taurants and cafes, and several of the shopkeepers each person sitting at table; less than this cannot are following their example. The work of such with comfort be dispensed with. A table six feet prominent men as Josef Hoffmann, Otto Prutscher, by three, on a pillar and claw, will admit of eight Carl Witzmann, Adolf Loos and Leopold Forstner persons, one only at each end and three on each is to be met with everywhere. Carbarets have been side. By the addition of another bed, twelve, with erected and decorated by the Wiener Werkstatte four times the room in the center for dishes. For and Josef Urban, while the theatres are essentially the further support of the central leaf a horse has modern Viennese in their decorations. The benefi been added; but, of course, has nothing to do with cial influence of the feeling of repose due to artistic the original design. When the central leaf is not surroundings is recognised by the fact that various needed the two halves, supported by the pillar and sanatoriums recently erected have almost all been claw, if put together form a round table, and they designed by distinguished architects—Josef Hoff can also be used to form separate pier tables, and mann, Robert-Oerley, and Freiherr von Krauss placed against the wall in the dining-room. among others. Then there is the ever-increasing Although the cellaret sideboard and sideboard number of manufacturers who employ first-class with drawers, which became fashionable under Hep men to design for them, and thereby do their share pelwhite, were still more developed by Sheraton in in educating the public to appreciate the beautiful his early period, in his late period he returns to the in modern decorative and applied art. old "sideboard table" without drawers. Beneath it The appointment of Regierungsrat Dr. Eduard stood the cellaret, or wine cooler, also called by Leisching to succeed the late. Hofrat von Scala as Sheraton a wine cistern. These were generally in Director of the Austrian Museum is a step which the form of a sarcophagus and "are adapted to cannot fail to help the cause of the modern move stand under a sideboard, some of which have covers ment in Austria. Hisfirst wor k was to arrange an and others without." The cellaret is always lined exhibition in the new wing of the Museum, where with lead and sometimes partitioned for wine bot by artists and manufacturers were again brought tles. Sheraton preferred them hooped with brass directly into touch with one another, with excel and with brass rings at the sides.—Edith Singleton. lent results. Further developments may be ex pected at the Imperial Arts and Crafts Schools, where Professor Alfred Roller has been appointed 36 THEBUILDER Director, while the broad-minded policy of the used is doubtless attributable to the fact that it authorities of the Arbeits-Ministerium, who control might lead to confusion with the name of the great everything pertaining to decorative art and art in er Saint James, the inspired author of the Epistle dustries, is being extended to the various Fach- General "to the twelve tribes scattered abroad." It schulen within the Empire. In addition to giving is stated by some authorities that the second Saint the pupils the very best manual training by prac James was not called "the Less" until his canoniza tised workmen, young men from the Imperial Arts tion by the church in the twelfth century. In his and Craft Schools have been appointed to give in life-time he was known as "James the Just," and struction in art, and are teaching the students to also as "James the brother of Our Lord." He was appreciate the dignity of labour and its delights. an Apostle and Martyr, and was most highly Various workshops have been opened in differ esteemed by his contemporaries, who elected him ent parts of Austria. Herr Schleiss and his wife to be the first bishop of the church in Jerusalem. have started one at Gmunden, where they are pro Tradition says he bore so close a resemblance to ducing delightful ceramics, such as the locality was Our Lord in form, feature, and demeanor that it famous for in bygone days; Professor Franz Bar- was difficult to distinguish them apart; this being wig is giving his attention to wood-carving and the reason of the Judas-kiss of betrayal. toys; Professor Moser to the decoration of thea Nothing is certainly known as to his relation tres, among other things; and Professor Otto ships, though the Evangelists speak of him as "the Prutscher to general decorative work. The latter brother of Our Lord," and he was so regarded by has been appointed by the Government to arrange the brethren in Jerusalem who made him their various Arts and Crafts Exhibitions. Professor bishop as "the nearest of kin." His successor, Kotera has recently designed, decorated and equip Simeon, was chosen for the same reason, namely, ped a hotel at Prague, while other well-known archi that he was next of kin after James. His parent tects are doing good work. age, however, cannot be definitely traced. Baring The women-artists are also doing their share Gould, in his "Lives of the Saints," says that he in helping to introduce the spirit of art into every may have been a son of Joseph by a marriage pre day life. Fraulein Juta Sika and Fraulein Theresa vious to that of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Another Trethahn are designing delightful dinner, tea, and surmise is that he was a cousin, the son of Alpheus, coffee services; Frau Poller-Hollmann in producing who married the sister of Mary, though this latter admirable bookbindings, and Fraulein Marietta suggestion is not credited by church authorities. Peyfuss excellent bed-linen and leather-work. His birth-place is not mentioned in any book of the These artists all belong to a group known as the New Testament, but in the Talmud he is spoken of "Wiener Kunst im Hause"; while a second society as "a man of the town of Sechania." of women-workers has been formed, which con Very little is known of his earlier history, but fines itself to designing and executing embroideries. after the Resurrection he became the head of the Much has been done in architecture during the first Christian Church, Peter and the two sons of past year, besides the work already mentioned. At Zebedee yielding the place of authority to him as the moment a heated controversy is raging with the one nearest to Our Lord. Nearly quarter of a regard to the site to be occupied by the City century, until his death, which occurred probably Museum in Vienna. Originally the building was A. D. 55, he maintained the dignity of his high planned by Professor Otto Wagner for the Karl's office with wisdom, prudence and self-sacrificing Platz, but it seems almost certain that he will have devotion to the duties of his charge, gaining his to revise his scheme in order to suit another site. title of "the Just" by his righteous decisions. He It is, however, encouraging to find that the public presided at the first conference of the Christian is taking so much active interest in the matter.— Church held in Jerusalem, and it was by his judg A. S. LevetusSAIN. T JAMES THE LESS. ment that Gentile converts were relieved from the The Church of Saint James the Less, Falls of obligation of conforming to Jewish religious rites. Schuylkill, Philadelphia, is distinguished for beauty It was to Saint James that Saul made his ad of situation, for attractive environment, for pro dress after his conversion, and it was the bishop priety of architectural design, and, to some extent, who gave him the right hand of fellowship. It is also by its nearly unique name. The Evangelists to Saulus-Paulus, whom we know as Saint Paul, and Apostles have been abundantly honored by that we are indebted for confirmation of the report churches adopting their names in all Christian that Jesus manifested Himself especially to James. lands and in all Christian times, almost every vil Saint Paul's statement is that after His appearance lage or neighborhood having its Saint Peter, Saint to five hundred of the brethren at one time. "He Paul, Saint John, Saint Mark, or Saint Matthew, was seen of James." and often in larger towns, more than one of the Of this appearance Saint Jerome gives a fuller same designation. In this respect the Church of relation out of the Hebrew Gospel of the Nazarines, Saint James the Less stands by itself. So far as his narrative being contained in the words as they currently observed, there is no other church bear are here quoted: "That Saint James made a solemn ing this name in America. The name commands vow that from the time he had drunk of the cup immediate notice because it is rarely heard except at the Last Supper he would eat bread no more till in connection with this particular church and par he saw the Lord risen from the dead. Our Lord, ish. therefore, being returned from the grave, came and That the name has not been more frequently appeared to him, commanded bread to be set before him, which He took, blessed and brake and gave unto Saint James saying: "Eat they bread, my THEBUILDER 37 brother, for the Son of Mary is truly risen from Bess, the fratricidal strife between Catholics and among them that sleep." Protestants in England gradually subsided, the en The Catholic Epistles of Saint James, his only lightened policy of the government and the more work now remaining believed to be authentic, was tolerant disposition of the people due to the spread probably written near the close of his life. There is of intelligence tending to bring these internicine a Gospel attributed to him called The Probevange- troubles to a close. Religious peace blessed the lum, but this is generally regarded as Apocryphal. country and persecutions and burnings for con His death was encompassed by the Scribes and science's sake no longer drove earnest souls to Pharisees, who were bitterly hostile to his minis fanaticism and martyrdom. Puritan bigotry was try. They induced him to address the people as as yet unknown, and, for a season, Catholics and sembled in the Court of the Temple for the Paschal Protestants dwelt together if not in amity at least solemnities, and while he was speaking from a high not in open hostility. place they set upon him and cast him clown to the During this comparatively quiescent period the ground. Finding he was not. killed by the fall they Protestant Episcopal Church became in fact as in assailed him with stones, and one of them beat him name "the Established Church of England," gain to death with a fuller's club. Saint Gregory of ing that paramount authority which has been con Tours relates that Saint James was buried on the firmed by later generations. Religious sentiment Mount of Olives, in a tomb wherein he had buried no longer warped by hateful controversy, found free Zacheus and Saint Simon. This was in the twenty- expression in the reconstruction of wasted parishes fifth year after the Ascension. and the up-building of Episcopal churches. In one The life and labors of the sainted bishop of Jeru generation scores of sacred edifices arose through salem have naturally been known to the congrega out the land, and that style of church architecture tions of Saint James churches the world over, and was evolved which is known as the Anglican Gothic. seem to have attracted the earnest attention of cer The founders of the Church of Saint James the tain members of Saint James, Philadelphia, in a Less wisely resolved that, as theirs was a rural par manner leading to practical results. Prominent in ish, they would erect an Anglican Gothic building this membership was Robert Ralston, whose resi "for the worship of Almighty God according to the dence, circa 1840, was "Mount Peace," near Falls of faith and discipline of the Protestant Episcopal Schuylkill, now the site of Mount Peace Cemetery. Church of America." In correspondence with the When it was proposed to organize a new parish in English Ecclesiological Society, formerly the Cam this neighborhood, Mr. Ralston invited those favor bridge Camden Society, they learned that Saint ing the proposal to meet at his house for consulta Michael, Long Staunton, Cambridgeshire, is one of tion. This meeting was held at "Mount Peace," the best examples of Anglican Gothic architecture April 30, 1846, and was presided over by the Rev. now extant, and that church was adopted as their Henry J. Morton, D. D., then the rector of Saint model; the plans thereof being furnished by the James, Philadelphia. One of the first things in honorary secretary of Ecclesiological Society. The formally decided on, by common consent, was that corner-stone was laid October 28, 1846, by the dio if a new church was to be established it should be cesan, the Rt. Rev. Alonzo Potter, D. D.; and by known as the Church of Saint James the Less. him the church was consecrated on Trinity Sunday, Following this and other meetings held in the May 26, 1850. November 24, 1857 the older section same behalf, on the 26th of September, 1846, a cor of the burying-ground was consecrated by the Rt. poration was registered under the laws of Pennsyl Rev. Bishop Onderdonk, and the newer part was vania, entitled, "The Rector, Church Wardens and consecrated in 1883 by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Welles Vestrymen of the Church of Saint James the Less, of Wisconsin, acting for the Rt. Rev. Bishop located at Falls of Schuylkill, formerly North Penn Stevens. The parish-house, the gift of John Dob- Township." The Association was incorporated "for son, was built in 1872. The heavy oaken lich-gate the purpose of worshipping Almighty God, accord was the gift of the women of the parish. The East ing to the faith and discipline of the Protestant window of the church, representing the genealogical Episcopal Church of America." The incorporators tree of Christ, with the four Evangelists on one were the Rev. Henry J. Morton, D. D., Messrs. Wil side and the four greater prophets on the other, liam F. Griffeths, Cornelius S. Smith, Charles was given by the late Hemry Farnum; the elabor Treichel, M. D., George Blight, James C. Kempton, ate marble altar, together with the beautiful wood- John R. Wilmer, George Helmuth, and Robert Ral screen, and the decoration of the chancel-ceiling ston. were given in memory of Mrs. Emily Louise The site selected was purchased from the Phillips; the credence in memory of Mrs. Mary Dob- Laurel Hill Cemetery. It was about one acre in son Fiske, and the stone pulpit in memory of extent, and now constitutes the old burying ground. George Blight. In 1851, additional land was acquired from the In 1852 the rectory was built, and in 1867 the Cemetery Company, and on this newer section debt resting on the parish was paid in full, partly stands the rectory, the parish-house and the by subscription and partly by a bequest of the late sexton's house. The site is eminently well chosen, Charles W. Kinsman. Concurrently $10,000.00 being very attractive, picturesque and sightly. were raised by subscription as the nucleus of an en The architecture of the church is of that order dowment fund, and ten years later this fund was known, for want of a better name, as the Anglican increased by the Moro Phillips' bequest of $25,- Gothic. This order was developed in the sixteenth 000.00. The main approach to the church is by a century, and it is as distinctly proper to the rural sunken road between massive stone walls. These churches as the Perpendicular Gothic is to the ma walls, extended to surround the grounds, were com jestic cathedral. After the reign of good Queen pleted in 1898, at a cost of about $20,000.00. 38 THEBUILDER Acknowledgement must also be made to The those marvelous rock-cut temples that have never Church Standard for records of Saint James the been equalled elsewhere. It is almost impossible to Less, cited in this article. From the columns of realize what these meant in tireless industry and that esteemed journal the following quotation is skilled workmanship. At one place alone, Ellora, in made: "In the beautiful church-yard are laid three the province of Nizam, there are no less than nine bishops of the church; the the grave of the Rt. Rev. teen large rock temples, partly of Hindu and partly Bishop Stevens is close to the North door; that of of Buddhist origin. Some are cave-temples proper, Bishop Onderdonk, of Pennsylvania, is to the East chambers cut out in the interior of the rock, but of the chancel, and that of Bishop Perry, of Iowa, others are vast buildings hewn out of the solid is Southwest of the church." The same records granite of the hills, having an exterior as well as show that fourteen members of the clergy have an interior architecture, and being, in fact, mag found theirfinal earthly houses here. Two of these nificent monoliths. These latter were executed by clergymen, the Rev. Henry T. Morton, and the Rev. sinking a great triangular trench or pit, leaving Christopher B. Wyatt, were rectors of the parish, the central mass standing. This rock mass was and but recently the body of Bishop Whitaker was then carved into a temple with the most ornate laid to rest in the same Church-yard. adornment of pillars, mouldings and sculpture. One Saint James had its origin among people of of these rock temples, Kailasa, has an antechamber substance and position and has always been dis 138 feet wide by 83 feet deep, adorned by numer tinguished for the social eminence of its congrega ous rows of pillars. From this a colonnade leads tion. Nearly all the old families of the neighbor over a bridge into a great rectangular court, 247 hood have been connected with the church and their feet in length by 150 feet in breadth, in the center names are to be found inscribed on its tomb-stones of which stands the temple itself, a vast mass of and on the many rich gifts made to perpetuate rock richly hewn and carved. It is supported by their memory. four rows of pilasters, borne by colossal elephants, The most noticeable monument in the grounds and seems suspended in the air. The interior is is that erected as a memorial of the late Thomas about 103 feet long, 56 feet broad, and 17 feet high, Wanamaker. This is a bell-tower and archway of but the entire exterior forms a pyramid 100 feet white stone standing at the lower corner of the high, and is overlaid with sculpture. In the great grounds and forming an entrance from the street. court are numerous ponds, obelisks, colonnades, The tower is of imposing proportions, elaborate in sphinxes, and on the walls thousands of mythologi architectural design, carried out with much elegance calfigures of all kinds, from 10 to 12 feet in height. of detail and making a costly and handsome struc Work of this kind, representing the efforts of ture; the last note of grace and propriety being thousands of artisans during long terms of years, added by a chime of sweet-toned bells. is, of course, undertaken only during periods INDIAN STONE WORKERS. of enforced labor. They are the product of the In dwelling upon the stone workers of thepitiles ans taskmaster, as were the pyramids of cient world, one naturally thinks of the achieve Egypt. To-day the workman demands the fair ments of the Greeks and Romans, with their mar equivalent of his toil and sweat, and the million velous temples and their sculptural gods and god aires are not at hand who will call such structures desses, or of the Egyptians, with their massive and into existence. And yet who can doubt that the imperishable pyramids, their inscrutable sphinxes ability to work the stone is to be found if the wage and their colossi, gazing, calm-eyed, over the desert can be paid to the carver? sands to greet the rising sun and give forth their If the Oriental master and patron is no longer mystic song as his rays smote their lips. Or per at hand to command this superb artisanship, the haps the mind may dwell upon the Assyrians, whose Occidental connoisseur is always in the field. He art found expression in statues of lions and of cannot remove the rock temples or the wonderful strangely bearded men. But one seldom gives a mausoleum to the hew world, but he can, at least, thought, in this connection, to the inhabitants of purchase a sitting Buddha to smile benignantly India, representing one of the most remarkable over his broad acres. The wily Oriental recognizes phases of human civilization. And yet no race has the opportunity, and is ready to make deliveries. ever surpassed the myriad and complex Indian The statues are cut, mainly, in hard stone, and tribes as workers of stone. They have wrought are admirably executed. All of the Oriental work marble until it showed the filmy lightness of lace. men have a remarkable skill in disguising tool- They have laid it up in spires and minarets so marks, so that their products seem, at casual exam daintily ornamented that it seemed a material no ination to have genuine antiquity. more intractable than wood. To mention but a Any study of craftsmanship emphasizes the single example, the mausoleum which Shah Jahan, persistence of certain forms of tools. The mallet the "King of the World," erected in memory of his of the stone carver is believed to have shown but wife at Agra, is reckoned as one of the wonders of little change for thousands of years. One who in the world. This structure, the Taj Mahal, has called spects the remarkable collections of the Metro out such tributes from poets and artists as few politan Museum of Arts, in New York, will find other buildings could command. stone-cutters' mallets from ancient Egypt that But the Indian worker in stone did not confine might have been taken from any stone job now be himself to a material as responsive as marble. He ing cut in America. In view of this fact, it is was willing to match his patience and genius against interesting to note the peculiar mallet employed by the most intractable of stones, and hence we have the Burmese workmen. Instead of being a trun cated cone, with a slightly concave outline, it is more the shape of a pestle or club. THEBUILDER 39 But Burma is not living entirely in the past, MfWWWWW- 7-7 -7 -7 7 7 -7 7->4 -7 7 -7-7 -7 >-i 7- 7 -7-7- 7 -7 -7- 7-7- 7;7-7-7 even in the matter of stone-working. %. -S3 SOMETIME. tS^^SJIF T^EC0AS T U*E Some time when all life's lessons have been learned, sie And the stars and sun forever more have set, DETROIT ^LCKIH!& TOLEDO •P- CLEVELAND PT. HURON The things which we in our weak judgments here •U have spurned, BUFFALO GODERICH The things o'er which we grieved with lashes wet NIAGARA, ALPENA Willflash befor e us out of life's dark night, FALLS - ,ST.IGNACE As stars shine most in deeper tints of blue, And we shall see how all God's plans are right, •ft And what seemed reproof was love most true. And we shall see as we moan and sigh, God's plans go on as best for you and me, if How when we call he heeded not our cry, j "[HE IUXURY Qf A JAKE TRIP Where will you spend your summer vacation? Because His wisdom to the end could see. Why not enjoy the charms of our Inland Seas, the most pleasant and economical outing in America? And even as wise parents disallow, Daily service is operated between Detroit and Too much of sweet to craving babyhood, Cleveland, Detroit and Buffalo; four trips weekly between Toledo, Detroit, Mackinac Island and way So God, perhaps, is keeping from us now, •S3 ports; three trips weekly between Toledo, Cleveland and Put-in-Bay. _ -S3 if Life's sweetest things, cause it seemeth good. A Cleveland to Mackinac special steamer will if •a be operated two trips weekly from June 15th to Sep •a Or if commingled with life's wine, we find the tember 10th, stopping only at Detroit every trip and wormwood, Goderich, Out., every other trip.—Special Day Trips •is Between Detroit and Cleveland, During July and August.—Railroad Tickets Available on Steamers. And rebel and shrink, •U •S3 Send 2 cent stamp for Illustrated Pamphlet and Be sure a wiser hand than yours and mine Great Lakes Map. if * Address: L. G. Lewis, G. P. A., Detroit, Mich. if Mixes this potion for our lips to drink. Philip H.McMillan.Pres. A.A. Schantz, Gen'lMgr. if -13 Detroit & Cleveland Navigation Co. if Or if some friend we love is lying low, •ft if God's plans like lilies must unfold, if We dare not tear the tender leaves apart, Chicago Time will reveal the calayxes of gold if In the Heart of Wholesale, Retail and Theatri if And when, sometime, we reach that place, t> Where with sandals loosed our feet may rest, if cal District. if When we can clearly see and understand, 13 if •S3 if I know that you will say, «• •S3 God knew the best. FIREPROOF CONSTRUCTION. if it •S3 if ft # Remodeled and Refurnished at an Expense of if LOUIS B. TITZEL if -S3 if •S3 Over $150,000. # if •S3 if if •S3 if Painter if if if ft if OPPOSITE LA SALLE if ft if HARD WOOD * •S3 DEPOT. if if ft if FINISHER * i> ft if if if « Cor. Clark & Van Buren Sts., * Street if if No. 30 East Robinson if ft if ft * North Side if if if •S3 ELMER C. PUFFER, PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA «• •S3 if a- •S3 Telephones 589 {^d f r Managing Director. * r h Si- * if Residence Bell Telephone -*fJ p. 21 Glenshaw g -S3 if X^Aft^^^^^^ft^^^*^^^«ftft****ft*&*A****A*Aiir*A** ft«»£&#ftft*##*&##T»ft^ if ft ft ft •S3 40 THEBUILDER | y -i^— ;«—^-_<<—*—*—<4—*—if—^—<4—<«-4*—*»—*—<*-*—<«—*«—<*—««<«—<«— CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER JOBBING PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO IN ALL LINES OF BUILDING | PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA T ; I 9 i ft—ft—ft.-ft-ft—ft—ft—ft—ft—ft—ft—ft—ft—ft—ft—ft—ft—ft—ft- ft—ft—ft—ft—ft—ft—ft—ft—ft—ft—ft—ft-ft—ft—ft—ft—ft_ft«.Jy.^_p,_ i ft—ft—ft—ft—ft—ft—ft-ft—ft—ft—ft—ft-ft—ft—ft—ft—ft—ft—ft—ft-ft—ft—ft-ft—ft-ft-ft-ft—ft-ft—ft—ft—ft_ft_ft_ »v_ ft—ft—K—ft—ft—ft—fyf THE BUILDER $ r*!?«£:«ft«fr^.swft ! I •ft 1 •ft »i WANTED-A RIDER AGENT IN EACH TOWN and district to ride and exhibit a sample Latest Model 4iRanger" bicycle furnished by us. Our agents every where are making money fast. Write for full particulars and special offer at once. •ft NO MONEY REQUIRED until you receive and approve of your bicycle. We ship to anyone anywhere in the U. S. without a cent deposit in advance, prepay freight, and allow TEN DAYS* FREE TRIAL during i "which time you may ride the, bicycle and put it to any test you wish. •ft If you are then not perfectly satisfied or do not wish to keep the 9 bicycle ship it back to us at our expense and you will not be out one cent. e lirni: •ft FACTORY PRESET ^' f >h the highest grade bicycles it is 3> i HVIVIII I iiflULi? possible to make at one small profit above ft actual factory cost. You save §10 to S25 middlemen's profits by buy ing direct of us and have the manufacturer's guarantee behind your bicycle. DO NOT BUY a bicycleor a pair of tiros from anyone at any price until you receive onr catalogues and learn our unheard of factory ft prices and remarkable special offers to rider agents. ranging from $3 to YOU WILL BE ASTONISHED l^S^SSS^^SS^SSSSS- ully loiv prices we can make you this year. We sell the highest grade bicycles for ? QUASTER ess money than any other factory. We are satisfied with SI.Oil pro lit a hove factory cost. DEALERS, you can sell our bicycles under your own name plate at double our prices. 9 theday received. HAND BICYCLES. We do not regularly handle second hand bicycles, but usually have ft ron band taken In trade liv our Chicago retail stores. These we clear out promptly at prices •ft $8 or$10. Descriptive bargain lists maileA d freeSAMPLE. PAIR 9 - Self-healinR R A If P ^ singlge wheelsTire, importes TO dINTROBUCE,ONLY roller chains and pedals , parts, repairs and TheU regularII H l\ t w J equipment•ofth of all kinds at half Hie regular retail-prices. -f5»t $10.00 per p Intndu, •ft pairfor$4.S nth order $4.55. NO MORETROUBLEFROSJ HedgefhernM PUNCTURES Puneiure-Proof $ M JUL 9 NAILS, Tacks, or Class will not let the air out, 4 •a. A hundred thousand pairs sold last year. y DESCRIPTION: f^/^Tiz g ft riding, very durable and lined inside with ' a special quality of rubber, which never be ft comes porous and which closes up small Notice the thick rubbertread punctures without allowing the air to escape. -ft liA',andpuncturestrips"B" We have hundreds of letters from satisfied customers and "D" also rim strip "H" » stating that their tires have only been pumped up once to prevent rim cutting. This or twice in a whole season. They weigh no more than -ft tire will outlast any other an ordinarytire, the puncture resisting qualities being 93» make-SOFT, ELASTIC and •ft given by several layers of thin, specially prepared EASY RIDING. ft fabric on the tread. The regular price of these tires i per pair. All orders shipped same havis S10.0e examine0 per paird an, bud fount for dadvertisin them strictlg purposey as representeds we are . » We will allow a cash discount of 5 per cent (thereby making the pr I reYo $4.5u d5o penor tpair pa)y I f ayo cenu sentd unti FULlL yoCASuH •ft making a special factory price to the rider of only $4. WITH ORDER and enclose this advertisement. Yon run no risk in sending us an order as the tires may be » dareturney letted atr OU isR receivedexpense I.f foWr ane yshi reasop Cn. the O.y arD.e noton satisfactorapprovaly on examination. We are perfectly reliable S3 und money sent to us Is as safe as In a bank. If you order a pair of these tires, you will find that they will ride 5» easier, run Taster, wear better, last longer and look liner than any tire you have ever used or seen at any price. •ft We know that you will be so well pleased that when you want a bicycle you will give us your order. We want you to send us a trial order at once, hence this remarkable tire offer. 9 §£? ^fffT&BB E$ia?Lfm% TJOr^d"M'1 bu? an? bln(l fttliay price until yon send for a pair of Hedgethorn ft »s B t?«# ffffttaj II jgMraK«J» Puncture-Proof tires on approval and trlalat the special introductory price quoted above; or write for our big Tire and Sundry Catalogue which describes and quotes all makes and » kinds of tires at about half the usual prices. $[$&$ StifflY VtfABYhuX wrlte us a postal today. DO NOT THINK OF BUYING a bicycle ora pair of •ft (UHJF WW *'M" tires from anyone until yon know the new and wonderful offers we are making. 3» It only costs a postal to learn everything. Write It NOW. •ft » J. L MEAD GYGLE COMPANY, CHICAGO, ILL •ft 9 -ft 9 3 9 •ft 9 H»5-7»i*^}?*>7-»>7-»)7-l^-7^-»57-r.7-»i7:»5- ;*>««> 7-»^*-7 K^Kftyi*^* 7*> J7*-7*>-7*>-7»^ft 42 THE BUILDER Pitiinii&sin REIZENS TEIN Window Boxes BUILDERS and Jardinieres CONTRACTORS Umbrella Jars Pedestals EXCLUSIVE AGENTS FOR THE WHEATLY POTTERY CO. Cincinnati, Ohio No. jo East Robinson Street, 339 6th Ave., PITTSBURGH North WE CARRY A LARGE LINE OF Pittsburgh PORTARLE ELECTRIC LAMPS Long- Distance Telephone 15th Season STOP AT THE HOTEL PONCE DE LEON r 1:1 IB I B 8 8 8 B BBBiijpBgRMiifia AND ANNEX jrgja g AVhen at IS ATLANTIC CITY SET Virginia Avenue and the Beach The Hotel Ponce De Leon is newly furnished Broadway Central Hotel throughout with rare taste, and possesses all modern requisites for convenience and comfort Broadway, Corner Third Street of guests. IN THE HEART OF NEW YORK Hot and cold sea water baths. European and American Plan Only Medium Price Hotel left in New York. A BOOKLET will be gladly furnished on ap (Special attention g'iven to ladies unescorted plication. Rates, runing from $12.50 to $30.00 per week, SPECIAL RATES FOR SUMMER according to location of the rooms. Official OUR TABLE is the foundation of our enormous business- Hotel American Motor League and the AMERICAN PLAN, $2.50 UPWARDS International Automobile League EUROPEAN PLAN.Sl.OO UPWARDS GARAGE CAPACITY 200 MACHINES. Send for Large Colored Map of New York, FREE For further information address DAN C. "WEBB, Proprietor ALFRED B. GRINDROD, Proprietor and Manager, THE ONLY NEW YORK HOTEL FEATURING AMERICAN PLAN Moderate Prices. Excellent Food. Good Service ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. T H E B U I L D E R , 43 Most Expert Operators and Best Equipment Procurable ARCHITECTURAL PHOTOGRAPHS COMMERCIAL Advertising Photographs Lantern Slides Legal and Technical Work Photographs for Panoramic Views Groups Architecture Catalogue Cuts Flash Lights Copying Enlarging Machinery Interiors We Will Photograph ANYTHING ANYWHERE ANYTIME Chautauqua Photographic Co. Top of Empire Building, Fifth Street and Liberty Avenue. BELL PHONE COURT 4180. 44 THE BUILDER Pittsburgh I HIGH GRADE SPECIALTIES Clay Product y 9 Cabot's Shingle Stain 9 Company "9 Cabot's Deafening Quilt I DISTRIBUTORS OF ALL KINDS OF 9 Dehydratine Waterproofing 9 Face Brick Medusa White Cement Enameled Brick Berkshire White Cement i Architectural Terra Cotta Best's Keenes Cement Fire Proofing Paving Brick I Houstoh Brothers Compan/ Jumbo Hollow Brick 1 1504 KEEN AN BLDG. | 32hd St. and P. R. R. Telephones I PITTSBURGH, PA. 3309 Grant PITTSBURGH 974 Main I IHie Brick k Fire Clay Coipy Fiotel Jtformarpdie g AND -o CONGRESS STREET Near Woodward Avenue DETROIT, MICH. IMUFACTURERS OF HIGH GRADE GRAY, BUFF, MOTTLED Al American Plan, $2.50 per Day and upwards European Plan, $1.00 per Day and upwards i mi i Hot and Cold Running Water in all Rooms. ' " II ' Rooms with Bath extra A High Grade Cafe Empire Biiliini PITTSBURGH, PA. Restaurant and Buffet in connection GEORGE FULWELL, Proprietor. THE BUILDER 45 TELEPHONES : Bell Court 1048. P. & A. Main 3493, ESTABLISHED 1876 INCORPORATED 1896 Star Encaustic Tile Company Pittsburg Ladder & Scaffolding Co.A (FRANK BROWN, Manager.) MANUFACTURERS OF D UNGLAZED ENCAUSTIC FL0QM& TILE 506 Fourth Ave. SECTIONAL E FOR DURABLE, SANITARY AND EXT E N S 1O N ARTISTIC TILE WORX R MEDALS GRANTED AT WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. CHICAGO AND STEP Sj ILL . 1893. AND AT ST. LOUIS. FAIR. 1904. Adjustable Scaffold Jacks:: rSwing Stages OFFICE AND FACTORY, DITTCRIIRPU DA BLUFF STREET. NEAR GIST. M I I O 0 U fl U II, TH Scaffolding for Hire "i r ROBERT W. ARDARY JOHN G. BURNS HENRY SHENK Ardary-Burns Co. CONTRACTORS FOR COMPANY HEAVY and GENERAL HAULING Contractors and Builders TEAMS FOR HIRE LIBERTY AVE. and 31st ST. PITTSBURGH, PA. Telephones: P. & A. 103 Lawrence—Bell 103 Fisk. LEWIS BUILDING, PITTSBURGH ESTABLISHED 1842 W. N. Kratzer & Co. PITTSBURGH IRON & WIRE WORKS Manufacturers STRUCTURAL STEEL TAYLOR & DEAN FIRE ESCAPES FIRE PROOF PORCHES anJ STEEL CONSTRUCTION. ELEVATOR CABS BANK and OFFICE RAILING Buildings, Roof Trusses, Girders, Columns, SrC. ELEVATOR ENCLOSURES BUILDERS IRON WORK WROUGHT IRON FENCES and PORCH RAILING Structural Shapes in stock ARTISTIC GRILL WORK IN BRASS. BRONZE OR IRON for hurry orders General Office and Works. Penn Ave. and 25th St. PITTSBURGH, PA. 3212.30 Smallman St. PITTSBURGH, PJt. Bell Telephone 817 Grant P. & A. Telephone 3094 Main RUDY BROS. CO. SANKEY BROTHERS MANUFACTURERS OF DESIGNERS AND ALL GRADES OF WORKERS IN GLASS- STAINED, MOSAIC RED BRICK AND LEADED. :: :: :: OFFICE: 2112 CARSON STREET, SOUTH SIDE, HIGHLAND AND CENTER AVENUES, PITTSBU RGH E. E. PITTSBURGH, PA. BOTH PHONES 46 THEBUILDER Some of the Advantages of Standard Fire Proof Construction of TERRA COTTA HOLLOW TILE From the Standpoint of Practical and Economical Construction. INDEPENDENCE OF WEATHER. Floor Arches of Hollow Tile may be laid at any time of year regardless of weather temperature, rain or snow. SPEED IN PLASTERING. Arches may be plastered the day after they are laid, if necessary to rush work. BRACING FOR STRUCTURE. Tile Arches assist the wind bracing of the structure because they fill the total depth of the steel beams, and act as horizontal bracing for the entire structure. In comparison with this, concrete floor slabs rest only upon the upper third of the beams, are usually one- third as deep as Tile Arches, can not efficiently transmit the horizontal stresses caused by wind pressure in high buildings, and, by reducing the efficiency of the floors as braces, in crease the amount of steel necessary to provide against horizontal stresses. MINIMUM WEIGHT. Tile Arches weigh less per square foot than any other form of fire proof floor construc tion of equal strength, and, consequently, greatly reduce the dead load on the structural steel and foundations. SOUND PROOF. Hollow Tile Arches have usually from two to four cells and are therefore excellent non-conductors of sound. An extremely important consideration in hotels, hospitals, office buildings and structures of similar occupancy. RAPID CONSTRUCTION. The false work, or centering, required in setting Tile Arches may be removed within twenty-four hours after arches are laid. Centering for concrete floors must, under the most favorable conditions, remain in place at least ninety-six hours, and, in event of constant rain or low temperature weather, must frequently be kept standing two weeks or more, necessitating great delay in completing building, as contractors for other work can not pro ceed while centering remains in place. ELIMINATION OF MOISTURE. The cement mortar joints in Tile Arches dry out rapidly, permitting of the imme diate laying of finishfloorin g and wood trim without risk of damage by moisture. Con crete floorsar e set in a wet, plastic condition, dry slowly, and the moisture remaining in them frequently causes the warping and buckling of floor finish and trim. How can you be sure of the best and most economical fire-proofing—or either unless you figure with the largest company in the world devoted exclusively to the manufacture and erection of fire proofing for buildings? NATIONAL FIRE PROOFING COMPANY Manufacturers of TERRA COTTA HOLLOW TILE FIRE PROOFING Contractors for Fire Proof Construction Capital Twelve and One-Half Million Dollars Pittsburgh, - - Fulton Building Washington, - Colorado Bnildiug Minneapolis, - Lumber Exchange New York, - Flat Iron Building Canton - City Nat'l Bank Building San Francisco, - Monadnock Building Boston, - - Old South Building Cincinnati, - - Union Trust Building Toronto, Can., Traders Bank Building Chicago, Commercial Nat'l Bank Bldg. Cleveland, - - - Cuyahoga Building s Philadelphia, - Land Title Building St. Louis, - Bank of Commerce Bldg. 26 Factories Throughout the United States THE BUILDER 47 Bell 1774 Grant, P. & A. 1774 Main. 402 Court TELEPHONE 267 Main Carter The Electric Co. E. R. CLULEY ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS • Painting, Decorating, Electrical Construction Work of all Descriptions Hardwood Finishing i • i OLIVER BUILDING PITTSBURGH, PA. 543 Fourth Avenue, PITTSBURGH • *• — »•••• •------__-___.__-____--••••»•«. Kittanning Brick & Fire Clay Company The Graff Company = iND = Martin Brick Company MANUFACTURERS OF MANTELS anJ TILING HIGH GRADE GRAY, BUFF, MOTTLED AND RED BRICK. 955 Liberty Street, Empire Building PITTSBURGH, PA. PITTSBURGH,PA. .•»•••< —« • ••»•• J ^••••••• + ••••-» < m * ••••••• * ••«»»»»•• E. J. Detrick Co. R. B. ELLIOTT E. KENNEWEG MARBLE AND MOSAIC WORK FINE MANTEL AND FIREPLACE WORK TILES FOR FLOORS, WALLS, BATH ROOMS, ETC. Twin City Art Glass Works We solicit opportunity from Archi- tects and Builders to estimate Corner SANDUSKY and ROBINSON Streets FIFTH FLOOR, HEEREN BUILDING P. i A. PHONE 515 NORTH ALLEGHENY, PA. :| Penn Ave. and Eighth St., Pittsburgh,BE U Pa.PHONE 334 R CEDAR .-^•••••••••^ .••»»•••»•••••#- •••«•-»•••••••••- • i •' ••*.<••.•••••# P. & A. TELEPHONE 757 W. W. MILLER ROOFING ROOF PAINTING General Contractor W. H. KNODELL TINNER 510 East Diamond Street 540 WINEBIDDLE AVENUE, E. E. ALLEGHENY, PA. PITTSBURGH CONDUCTORS REPAIRING GUTTERS 48 THE BUILDER Duhane Rustic DuKane Standard Bell Phone Brady 355. P. & A. Phone Chester 68. Duhane Hollow BRUCKMAN LUMBER GO. DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF Building and Hardwood Lumber, Mill Work Yards ; West Market Street and Preble Avenue Office : Preble Avenue near Island Avenue ALLEGHENY, PA. McKEESPORT BRICK CO., PITTSBURGH, PA. McKEESPORT, PA. LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE, FISK 90 P. LEGOULLON SUCCESSOR TO W. B. LUPTON & CO. VILSACK, MARTIN & COMPANY ACTINOLITE, ASPHALT, SLATE, Ornamental Iron and Wire Works, TILE AND GRAVEL Iron Stairs and Railing, Fire Proof Porches and Escapes, ROOFERS Fencing and Entrance Gates. Work of Every Descrip DEALER IN tion for General Contractors and Builders. ROOFING SLATE AND ROOFING MATERIALS ROOMS 614 BESSEMER BUILDING 3222 TO 3238 PENN AVENUE PITTSBURG, PA- TELEPHONE S39 PITTSBURGH, PA. T. W. JONES PATTERSON & SHAW STAIR BUILDER BUELPERS and CONTRACTORS 0<=0 ^ 0<=>0 2603 PENN AVENUE No. 30 East Robinson Street, North, PITTSBURGH, PA. PITTSBURGH. W. H. HOFFMANN TELEPHONES : Bell, 1353 Court—P. & A. 22S2 Main RODGERS SAND COMPANY Decorator DEALERS AND SHIPPERS OF ALL KINDS OF SAND AND GRAVEL FARMERS BANK BUILDING BY BOAT, RAIL OR WAGON PITTSBURGH. 123 Water Street PITTSBURGH, PA. THE BUILDER 49 HIGH GRADE Patterson Coal & Supply Co, r 7EMTT'IJ GAS RANGES, FURNACES ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS Z^ClNl 1 fl AND LAUNDRY STOVES COAL Phoenix Portland Cement, Washington Building Lime, Stephenson Manufacturing Co. Ideal Wall Plaster, Lime, Cement, Sand, Sewer JOHN C. BASH, Manager. Pipe, Fire Brick, Fire Clay, Grate Tile, Etc. Bell L. D. Telephone 860 Cedar 207 - 209 Sandusky St. 1222 Grant Ave., ALLEGHENY, PA. P. & A. Telephone 696 North ALLEGHENY, PENN'A. Phones : Bell. 213 Cedar ; P. & A., 213 North. BELL PHONE 4690 COURT. PHONE 215-R WALNUT ANDREW HILL & SONS J. C. DAVIS CO. Mantels, Tiles and Fire Places Wall Paper and Interior Decorations TILE FLOORS AND WALLS A SPECIALTY 501 SAILOR BUILDING 114 Wabash Avenue, 432 WOOD STREET West End, PITTSBURG, PA. George A. Cochrane, Jr. Rob't K. Cochrane. Goehring & Bartley George A, Cochrane Co. EVERY KIND OF General Building Contractors Builders' Hardware and Structural Iron WHOLESALE AND RETAIL Hardware, Painters' Supplies, Brushes, Window 1210-1216 WASHINGTON AVENUE, j and Plate Glass. 6203 PENN AVENUE, EAST END, ALLEGHENY, PA, Both Phones : Bell 341 Highland Telephones : P. & A., Chester 127 ; Bell, Brady 127. P. & A. 341 East PITTSBURGH Enterprise Contracting (jo. Allitay Cornice ul SlyliM Co. ALBERT KLICKER, Manager. Sheet Metal Window Frames and Sash. Pile Driving, Trestle and Dock Building, All Architectural Sheet Metal Work. Excavating, Dredging, Seep Wells Slate, Tin, Gravel and Slag Roofing. and Concrete Work. Metallic Skylights, Galvanized Iron and Copper Cornices. GRANT AVE. and BOQUET ST. Fulton Building, PITTSBURGH, PA. Phones : Bell, 1957 R Cedar. P. & A., 1161 North. BELL 2694 GRANT. A LLEGH EN Y, PA. 50 THE BUILDER Schenley Farms Plan more than g sold in. 3 years TKe Place Par Excellence For Fine Homes • a • X M. \ML* • • • SCHENLEY FARMS The City's Sodal, Educational, Club and Best Residence Center. <" nh HOUSES 3S $3,500 to $250,000 are being built FIREPROOF WITH Terra Cotta Hollow Tile Even if you do not build fireproof throughout, you will find Hollow Tile an extremely valuable material for wall and partition construction. BEAD THIS ARTICLE THROUGH—THE* ASK FOR OUR BOOK Besides the inestimable value of their being fireproof, buildings of Hollow Tile throughout are better than frame, brick and wood, or concrete-and-wood, because they are of ENDURING MASONRY CONSTRUCTION THROUGHOUT By reason of the indestructibility of the material and their substantial construction, these houses COST FAR LESS FOR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS than is the case with buildings of frame or brick-and-wood. Floors of wooden joist construction warp and crack. Floors of Fireproof Terra Cotta Hollow Tile endure for all time. Exteriors of frame houses must be painted frequently; walls of Cement Coated Terra Cotta Hollow Tile, never. Walls of wood, stone, concrete or brick absorb, retain and carry to the interior of the house the frost of Winter and heat of Summer. The air space in walls of Terra Cotta Hollow Tile furnishes complete insulation against atmospheric conditions, thereby reducing the cost of heating to a minumum, and buildings of this mater ial compared with brick, frame, stone, concrete or a combination of all four are WARMER IN WINTER—COOLER IN SUMMER Houses with walls of brick, stone, concrete or frame, must be "furred" or lined with wood to be plastered, and they carry sound vibrations and are subject to the penetration and ravages of vermin. Terra Cotta Houses require no furring, the plaster being applied directo to the Hollow Tile, and they are MOISTURE PROOF—SOUND PROOF—VERMIN PROOF When it is considered that a residence with all these advantages and completely Fireproof can be built at as low a cost as one of brick-and-wood, concrete, or frame, is it not worth while to talk with your architect about this modern construction? All competent architects are familiar with methods of designing and building houses of Terra Cotta Hollow Tile. A copy of our book showing how houses are constructed of Fireproof Terra Cotta Tile will be sent upon request. National Fireproofing Compony MANUFACTURERSPittsburgh, Fulto nOF Building TERRA. COTTA ChicagoHOLLOW, Com'l Nationa TILEl Bank Building . Philadelphia. Land Title Building. New lock, riatlron Balldlng. Contractors for Washington,Construction D. 0., of Colorado Fireproof Building. Buildings. The largestMinneapolis, Company Lumber in Exchange. the world devoted exclusively to the business Boston,offireproof Old Booth construction Building. . Capital—Twelve anClereland,d one-hal Cuyahogaf Millio Bnildlng.n Dollars . Cincinnati, Union Trust Bnildlng. Loa Angeles. Colon Trust Bnildlng. St. Louie, Bank of Commerce Balldlng. Toronto, Can., Traders Bank Building. Ban Francisco. Monadnock Bnildlng. London, Bng., 27 Chancery Lane. U Faetoriea throughout the United State*.