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Emerging Varieties of the Mediterranean

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Emerging Varieties of the Mediterranean The Australian Wine Research Institute INTERNATIONAL SHIRAZ PRODUCTION AND PERFORMANCE Peter Dry AWRI ([email protected]) and Kym Anderson Univ Adelaide ([email protected]) The Australian Wine Research Institute International Shiraz production and The Australian Wine performance Research Institute Origin International plantings Recent history and development in other countries Importance in Australia Reasons for success in Australia Idiosyncrasies Climatic comparison The Australian Wine Where does Shiraz come from? Research Institute First documented in 1781 in northern Rhone . Small amounts of white grapes incl. Viognier used for blending Natural cross of Dureza♂ x Mondeuse Blanche♀ The Australian Wine Possible family tree Research Institute Source: Robinson et al. (2012) Winegrapes Pinot ? Mondeuse ? ? Noire ? Mondeuse ? Blanche Dureza Teroldego Viognier Syrah Lagrein The Australian Wine Hermitage Research Institute 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 wine area, area, wine (%) ofglobal shares varieties: 30 red Top Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Tempranillo Syrah Garnacha Tinta Pinot Noir Mazuelo Bobal 2000 Sangiovese Monastrell Cabernet Franc Cot Alicante Henri … and Cinsaut Montepulciano Tribidrag 2010 Gamay Noir at downloadable freely Picture Empirical Global A are Grown Where? Varieties (2013) K. Anderson, Source: Isabella www.adelaide.edu.au/press/titles/winegrapes Barbera Douce Noire Criolla Grande Nero D'Avola Doukkali Blaufrankisch Prokupac Concord Touriga Franca Press. Adelaide of : University Negroamaro Carmenere Pinot Meunier Which Winegrape Research Institute Research WineAustralian The Bearing areas (ha) in major The Australian Wine countries: 2000 and 2010 Research Institute Source: Anderson 2014 National shares (%) of global winegrape The Australian Wine area of Shiraz, 2000 and 2010 Research Institute Source: Anderson 2014 60 50 2000 40 2010 30 20 10 0 The Australian Wine Recent history and distribution Research Institute France . 1600 ha in 1958 > 10 fold increase since . new plantings mainly in south, partic. Languedoc-Roussillon . usually blended St Chinian The Australian Wine Recent history and distribution Research Institute Spain . 20,000 ha (2010) . Castilla La Mancha Italy Isole e Olena . 6,700 ha (2010) . Tuscany, Sicily The Australian Wine Recent history and distribution Research Institute USA: 9,200 ha (2010) California . 8,000 ha . Dwarfed by Cab S, Merlot and Zinfandel Edna Valley despite success of some wines . Mainly Central Coast The Australian Wine Recent history and distribution Research Institute Washington . More enthusiastic . 1380 ha . no 3 red variety after Cab Sauv and Merlot Walla Walla The Australian Wine Recent history Research Institute South Africa Argentina . Mendoza Chile . Colchagua Thailand The Australian Wine New Zealand Research Institute 420 ha (2013) 3rd red after Pinot N (2500 ha) and Merlot Gimblett Gravels Hawkes Bay Shares of Shiraz in national winegrape The Australian Wine area, 2000 and 2010 Research Institute Source: Anderson 2014 30 25 2000 20 15 2010 10 5 0 Varietal Intensity Index for Shiraz, 2000 The Australian Wine and 2010 Research Institute Source: Anderson 2014 12.0 10.0 8.0 2000 6.0 2010 4.0 2.0 0.0 The Australian Wine Distribution aided by global warming Research Institute Rheinpfalz The Australian Wine Most exciting variety internationally Research Institute Wine Spectator ‘100 most exciting wines of the year’ Since 2005, Shiraz has polled highest . majority = New World 20 15 10 OLD % NEW 5 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 Varietal share (%) since 1957, Australia The Australian Wine Research Institute 100% 90% 80% 70% Chard 60% 50% 40% Cab S 30% 20% 10% Shiraz 0% Syrah Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Pinot Noir Garnacha Tinta Other Red Chardonnay Sauvignon Blanc Semillon Pinot Gris Riesling Muscat of Alexandria Doradillo Sultaniye Palomino and Pedro Ximenes Other white Source: Anderson prev unpub Change in bearing area for most-expanded The Australian Wine varieties, Australia, 2001 to 2012 (hectares) Research Institute Source: Anderson 2014 Australian regions with largest Varietal Intensity Index The Australian Wine Research Institute relative to global average: 2001 and 2010 Source: Anderson 2014 National average prices of main winegrape The Australian Wine varieties, Australia, 2013 Research Institute Source: Anderson 2014 Average price of Shiraz by region, Australia, 2013 The Australian Wine Research Institute Source: Anderson 2014 Dominance of Shiraz wines in The Australian Wine Langtons Classification VI Research Institute Exceptional 11/16 Outstanding 26/52 Excellent 30/66 = 50% overall Is it our most versatile variety in The Australian Wine Australia? Research Institute Riverland The Australian Wine Mornington Peninsula Research Institute Paringa Estate The Australian Wine Idiosyncrasies of Shiraz Research Institute Significant berry shrivel/weight loss late in ripening . From about 90 to 100 days after flowering . Water loss by berry • only when combination of backflow via xylem (remains hydraulically connected) and low cell vitality Very susceptible to primary bud necrosis . Reduces productivity . Also Viognier The Australian Wine Balhannah, Adelaide Hills, SA Research Institute MJT (C): The Australian Wine Australian regions (1980-2010 mean) Research Institute 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 Hermitage Canberra Heathcote Pyrenees Macedon R Sunbury Mornington Gt Adelaide Grampians Hawkes Bay Tasmania P Southern Hills The Australian Wine Shiraz ripening month Research Institute Region Mean temp C TVA Sunshine hrs Rel humidity Hermitage 19.6 low high moderate Canberra, 19.5 -20.4 moderate high low Heathcote, Pyrenees Sunbury, 16.9 – 19.3 moderate to low to moderate Great Sthn, high moderate Grampians (Macedon R) Adelaide Hills* 14.9 high moderate moderate Mornington, 14.5 – 18.0 low low moderate to Hawkes Bay high Tasmania Adapted from Gladstones (1992) Viticulture and Environment TVA = temperature variability index * Estimate for Balhannah 400 m .
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