Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences Vol. 42(1), February 2013, pp. 110-119

Marine fungi from India - XII. A revised check list

*B. D. Borse 1 , K. N. Borse, N. S. Pawar2 & A. R. Tuwar3 P. G. Department of Botany, S. S. V. P. Sanstha’s L. K. Dr. P. R. Ghogrey Science College, Dhule-424 005, India 1Uttamrao Patil Arts and Science College, Dahivel-424 304, India 2Department of Botany, S. S. V. P. Sanstha’s Arts, Comm. and Science College, Shindkheda-425 406, India 3 Department of Botany, Mula Education Society’s Arts, Comm. and Science College, Sonai- 415 105, Tal: Newasa, India *[E-mail: [email protected]]

Received 6 April 2011; revised 7 December 2011

A check list of marine fungi recorded from India is compiled on the basis of the present studies along the coast of Daman, Diu Island, Gujarat, Goa and Maharashtra and published literature. Distribution of 207 species of marine fungi (14 Labyrinthulomycota, 4 Chytridiomycota, 4 Oomycota, 139 Ascomycota, 3 Basidiomycota and 43 Mitosporic fungi) reported so far from marine habitats along various coastal states, Islands and Union territories of India. The 28 species of marine fungi are considered as doubtful records (26 Ascomycota and 2 Mitosporic fungus) are also listed. The record from West coast accounts for 167 sp. and there from East coast 152 sp., Andaman-Nicobar Islands 64 sp., and Lakshadweep Islands 57 sp. Four fungal species were isolated from deep sea sediments in the central Arabian Sea. This data will be useful in the compilation of marine biodiversity of India.

[Keywords: Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Lower marine fungi, Mitosporic fungi, Marine fungi]

Introduction provided so that it will be more widely available to Marine mycology was established as a discrete researchers interested in this ecological group. Data of science in the late 1930’s1-9. Investigations by earlier researchers are listed, to make the check list as Barghoorn and Linder2 and latter researchers have complete as possible. shown that fungi do contribute to the decomposition of organic substrates in the oceans. Marine fungi are Materials and Methods an ecologicaly important, diverse and ubiquitous. Samples of various substrata supporting marine Kohlmeyer and Kohlmeyer10, define “obligate marine fungi were collected randomly during low tide period fungi” as those that grow and sporulate exclusively in along the coast line of Goa, Daman, Diu Island, marine or estuarine habitats while “facultative marine Gujarat and Maharashtra. Samples were placed in fungi” as those from freshwater or terrestrial milieus plastic bags and sealed well in order to avoid moisture able to grow (and possibly also sporulate) in the loss. On returning to the laboratory, samples with marine environment. debris were washed thoroughly with running tap About 98,998 fungal species are known from all water. Surface fouling organisms were scrapped off, over the world11, but, in contrast, less than 1500 species following by rinsing with tap water. Samples were have been described from oceans and estuaries12. then examined using a stereomicroscope for fruiting The higher filamentous marine fungi include structures of fungi. The surface of the wood was 530 species (Ascomycota: 424 species in 251 genera, sliced away in order to locate the buried ascomata or Basidiomycota: 12 species in 9 genera and Mitosporic pycnidia. Spore mass contents were scooped out on a fungi: 94 species in 61 genera), and the lower marine slide in a drop of sterile seawater for examination fungi comprise probably less than 1000 species12. under a compound microscope. Superficial fruiting Information relating to the occurrence of marine bodies were picked up with fine needle and fungi from India with a long coast line (7516 km) is transferred to a drop of sterile seawater on a slide. difficult to obtain, because literature is scattered and They were then crushed to release the spores for some of it is unavailable. In order to remedy this, the observations. Semi-permanent slides were made as check list of marine fungi (Table 1) from India is per double cover glass method13. BORSE et al.: MARINE FUNGI FROM INDIA 111

Table 1—Distribution of marine fungi of India. States and Union Territories:- DI: Diu Island, DA: Daman, GU: Gujarat, MS: Maharashtra, GO: Goa, KA: Karnataka, KE: Kerala, PM: Pondecherry (Mahe), LI: Lakshadeep Islands, TN: Tamil Nadu, AP: Andhra Pradesh, OR: Orissa, WB: West Bengal, AN: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, PN: Pondecherry. ‘+’: Recorded, ‘-’: Not-recorded, ‘P’: Present study. (Contd). S N Name of the fungal species West Coast East Coast Phylum: Labyrinthulomycota D D G M G K K P L T A O W A P I A J S O A E M I N P R B N N 1 Aplanochytrium minuta (Watson & Raper) Leander - - - - + - - - + ------& D. Porter 2 A. yorkensis (Perkins) Leander & D. Porter - - - - + - - - + ------3 Aurantiochytrium mangrovei (S. Raghukumar) - - - - + ------R. Yokoyama & D. Honda 4 Labyrinthula sp. - - + - + + - + + - - - - - 5 Schizochytrium aggregatum S. Goldstein & Belsky ------+ - - - - - 6 Schizochytrium sp. - - - - + - - - + + - - - - - 7 Thraustochytrium aggregatum A. Ulken - - - - + ------8 T. gaertnerium Bongiorni et al. - - - - + ------9 T. motivum S. Goldstein - - - - + - - - + ------10 T. multirudimentale S. Goldstein - - - - + ------11 T. striatum J. Schneider - - - - + - - - - + - - - - - 12 Thraustochytrium sp. - - - - + + - - + + - - - - - 13 Ulkenia visurgensis (A. Ulken) A. Gaertner - - - - + - - - + + - - - - - 14 U. amoeboidea (G. Bahnweg & F.K. Sparrow) - - - - + ------A. Gaertner Phylum: Chytridiomycota 15 Chytridium polysiphoniae Cohn - - - - + - - - + + - - - - - 16 Coenomyces sp. - - + - + - - - + ------17 Olpidium rostriferum Tokunaga - - + - + - - - + + - - - - - 18 Olpidium sp. ------+ - - - - - Phylum: Oomycota 19 Lagenidium calllinectus Couch ------+ - - - - - 20 Sirolpidium bryopsidis - - - - + - - - + + - - - - - (de Bruyne) H.E. Petersen 21 Ostracoblabe implexa E. Bornet & Flahault ------+ ------22 Pontisma lagenidioides Petersen - - + - + - - - - + - - - - - Phylum: Ascomycota 23 Abyssomyces hydrozoicus Kohlm. ------+ ------24 Acrocordiopsis patilii B.D. Borse & K.D. Hyde - - - + ------+ - + + - 25 Aigialus grandis Kohlm. & S. Schatz - - + + - - + - - + + - + + - 26 A. mangrovei B.D. Borse - - - + + + + + - + + + + + - 27 A. parvus S. Schatz & Kohlm. - - + + - - + - - + + - + + - 28 A. rhizophorae B.D, Borse - - - + - - - - - + - - - - 29 Amylocarpus encephaloides Curr. - - - - - + ------30 Aniptodera chesapeakensis Shearer & M.A. Mill. P P P + + + + + - + + + + + - 31 A. haispora Vrijmoed, ------+ + - - + - - - - K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones 32 A. intermedia K.D. Hyde & Alias ------+ - - 33 A. longispora K.D. Hyde - - - - + + + - - - - - + - - 34 A. mangrovei K.D. Hyde - - - + + + + + - + + - + + - 35 A. salsuginosa Nakagiri & Tad. Ito ------+ + - + - - - - - (Contd).

112 INDIAN J. MAR. SCI., VOL. 42, NO. 1 FEBRUARY 2013

Table 1—Distribution of marine fungi of India. States and Union Territories:- DI: Diu Island, DA: Daman, GU: Gujarat, MS: Maharashtra, GO: Goa, KA: Karnataka, KE: Kerala, PM: Pondecherry (Mahe), LI: Lakshadeep Islands, TN: Tamil Nadu, AP: Andhra Pradesh, OR: Orissa, WB: West Bengal, AN: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, PN: Pondecherry. ‘+’: Recorded, ‘-’: Not-recorded, ‘P’: Present study. (Contd). S N Name of the fungal species West Coast East Coast Phylum: Labyrinthulomycota D D G M G K K P L T A O W A P I A J S O A E M I N P R B N N 36 Antennospora quadricornuta (Cribb & J.W. + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + Cribb) Johnson 37 Anthostomella nypensis K.D. Hyde et al. - - - + - - + + ------38 Arenariomyces majusculus Kohlm. & - P P + P + + + + + - - + - + Volkm.-Kohlm. 39 A. parvulus Jorgen Koch - - + + + + + + + - - + + - + 40 A. trifurcatus Hohnk - - + + + + + + + + - + + - - 41 A. triseptatus Kohlm. ------+ ------42 Ascocratera manglicola Kohlm. - - - + - + + - + + + - + + - 43 Astrosphaeriella striataspora (K.D. Hyde) - - - + - + - - - + - - + + - K.D. Hyde 44 Bathyascus avicenniae Kohlm. ------+ + - - + - 45 B. grandisporus K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones ------+ - 46 B. mangrove D.R. Ravikumar & B.P.R. Vittal ------+ - - - - - 47 B. tropicalis Kohlm. - - - + - - + + + + + - + - - 48 Belizeana tuberculata Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. ------+ - - - + - 49 Biatriospora marina K.D. Hyde & B.D. Borse - - - + - + + - + - - - + + - 50 Biconiosporella cornuculata Schaumann ------+ ------51 Carbosphaerella leptosphaerioides I. Schmidt ------+ - - + - - + - - 52 Caryosporella rhizophorae Kohlm. - - - - + + + - + - - - - + - 53 Ceriosporopsis caduca E.B.G. Jones & Zainal - - - + - - - - - + - - - - - 54 C. capillacea Kohlm. - - - + - - + - - + - - - - - 55 C. halima Linder - + + + + + + - - + - - + - - 56 Corollospora angusta Nakagiri & Tokura - - - - - + + + - + - + - - + 57 C. cinnamomea Jorgen Koch - - + + + + - + - - - + - - - 58 C. colossa Nakagiri & Tokura - P P + + + + + - + - + + - + 59 C. filiformis Nakagiri - - - + + + + - - + - + + - - 60 C. gracilis Nakagiri & Tokura - - P + + - + + + - + + + - + 61 C. indica Prasannarai, Ananda & K.R. Sridhar - - + - P + - + - + + + - - + 62 C. intermedia I. Schmidt - - P P + + + + - + - - - - - 63 C. luteola Nakagiri & Tubaki ------+ ------+ 64 C. maritima Werderm. + - + + + + + + + + + + + - + 65 C. pseudopulchella Nakagiri & Tokura ------+ - - + - - - - - 66 C. pulchella Kohlm., I. Schmidt & N.B. Nair - + + + + + + + - + + + + - + 67 C. quinqueseptata Nakagiri - - - - - + + + - - - + - - - 68 Coronopapilla mangrovei (K.D. Hyde) Kohlm. - - - - - + ------+ - & Volkm.-Kohlm. 69 Cryptosphaeria mangrovei K.D. Hyde ------+ - - - - 70 Cryptovalsa mangrovei Abdel-Wahab & Inderbitzin + - - + ------71 C. suaedicola Spooner ------+ - - - - 72 Dactylospora heliotrepha (Kohlm. & E. Kohlm.) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - Hafellner 73 Didymella avicenniae S.D. Patil & B.D. Borse - - - + - + - - - + - - - - - 74 Didymospharia lignomaris Strongman & Mill. - - - - - + + - + ------(Contd).

BORSE et al.: MARINE FUNGI FROM INDIA 113

Table 1—Distribution of marine fungi of India. States and Union Territories:- DI: Diu Island, DA: Daman, GU: Gujarat, MS: Maharashtra, GO: Goa, KA: Karnataka, KE: Kerala, PM: Pondecherry (Mahe), LI: Lakshadeep Islands, TN: Tamil Nadu, AP: Andhra Pradesh, OR: Orissa, WB: West Bengal, AN: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, PN: Pondecherry. ‘+’: Recorded, ‘-’: Not-recorded, ‘P’: Present study. (Contd). S N Name of the fungal species West Coast East Coast Phylum: Labyrinthulomycota D D G M G K K P L T A O W A P I A J S O A E M I N P R B N N 75 Dryosphaera tropicalis Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. P P P + + + + + - + - - + - + 76 Etheirophora blepharospora (Kohlm. & E. ------+ - Kohlm.) Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kolhm. 77 E. bijubata Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. ------+ ------78 E. unijubata Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. - - - - - + ------79 Eutypa bathurstensis K.D. Hyde & Rappaz - - + + + + + - - + + - + - - 80 Eutypella naqsii K.D. Hyde ------+ - - 81 Haiyanga salina (Meyers) K.L. Pang & E.B. + - + + + + + - - + - + + + - G. Jones 82 Halographis runica Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. - - - - - + ------83 Halomassarina thalassiae (Kohlm. & Volkm.- - - + + - - - - + + + + - + - Kohlm.) Suetrong et al. 84 Halorosselinia oceanica (S. Schatz) Whalley et al. - - + + + + + + - + + + + + - 85 Halosarpheia fibrosa Kohlm. - - + + + + + - - + - - + - - 86 H. marina (Cribb & J.W. Cribb) Kohlm. - - - + - + + + + + + - - - - 87 H. minuta W.F. Leong - - - + - - + + - + + - - + - 88 H. trullifera (Kohlm.) E.B.G. Jones, S.T. Moss ------+ - - - - - & Cuomo 89 Halosphaeria appendiculata Linder - - - + - - + - + + - - - - - 90 Heleococcum japonense Tubaki ------+ + - - - - 91 Julella avicenniae (B.D. Borse) K.D. Hyde + - + + + + + - - + + + + + - 92 Kallichroma glabrum - - + + ------+ - + - (Kohlm.) Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. 93 K. tethys (Kohlm & E. Kohlm.)Kohlm. & Volkm.- - - + + + + + - + + + - + + + Kohlm. 94 Kirschsteiniothelia maritima ------+ - - - + - - - - (Linder) Hawksw. 95 Kochiella crispa (Kohlm.) ------+ - - - Sakayaroj, et al. 96 Lautospora igantean K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones ------+ - - - + - - - - 97 Leptosphaeria australiensis - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - (Cribb & J.W. Cribb) Hughes 98 L. avicenniae Kohlm. & E. Kohlm. ------+ - - 99 L. pelagica E.B.G. Jones - - - - + + ------100 Lignincola laevis Hohnk - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - 101 L. tropica Kohlm. - - - - - + + - - + + - - - - 102 Lindra hawaiiensis Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. ------+ ------103 L. thalassiae Orpurt, - - - + + + - - + + - - - - - Meyers, Boral & Simins 104 Lineolata rhizophorae (Kohlm. & E. Kohlm.) - - + + - + + - - + + - + + - Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. 105 Lophiostoma armatispora (K.D. Hyde et al.) - - + - + + ------+ - Liew et al. 106 Lulworthia floridana Meyers - - - + - - + ------107 L. grandispora Meyers + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + (Contd).

114 INDIAN J. MAR. SCI., VOL. 42, NO. 1 FEBRUARY 2013

Table 1—Distribution of marine fungi of India. States and Union Territories:- DI: Diu Island, DA: Daman, GU: Gujarat, MS: Maharashtra, GO: Goa, KA: Karnataka, KE: Kerala, PM: Pondecherry (Mahe), LI: Lakshadeep Islands, TN: Tamil Nadu, AP: Andhra Pradesh, OR: Orissa, WB: West Bengal, AN: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, PN: Pondecherry. ‘+’: Recorded, ‘-’: Not-recorded, ‘P’: Present study. (Contd). S N Name of the fungal species West Coast East Coast Phylum: Labyrinthulomycota D D G M G K K P L T A O W A P I A J S O A E M I N P R B N N 108 L. lindroidea Kohlm. - - - - - + + - + ------109 L. purpurea (Wilson) T.W. Johnson - - - + ------110 Lulwothia sp. - - + + + + + - + + + + + + - 111 Manglicola sp. ------+ - - - - 112 Marinosphaera mangrovei K.D. Hyde ------+ + + + + - + + - 113 Morosphaeria velataspora (K.D. Hyde & B.D. + - + + + + - - + + + - + + - Borse) Suetrong et al. 114 Mycosphaerella pneumatophorae Kohlm. ------+ + - - - - 115 Natantispora retorquens (Shearer & J.L. Crane) P P P + P + + ------J. Campb., et al. 116 Neomassariosphaeria typhicola (Karst.) Yin et al. ------+ - - - - 117 Neptunella longirostris (Cribb & J.W. Cribb) - - + + + + + + - + + - + - - K.L. Pang & Jones 118 Nimbospora bipolaris K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. - - - - - + + ------Jones 119 N. effusa Jorgen Koch - - - - - + - - - + - - - - - 120 N. octonae Kohlm. - - - + ------121 Oceanitis cincinnatula (Shearer & J.L. Crane) - - - + + + + - - - - + - - - Dupont & E.B.G. Jones 122 O. viscidula (Kohlm. & E. Kohlm.) Dupont & ------+ - E.B.G. Jones 123 Ocostaspora apilongissima E.B.G. Jones, T.W. - - - - + - + ------+ - Johnson & S.T. Moss 124 Okeanomyces cucullatus (Kohlm.) K.L. Pang & - - - + - - + - - + - - - - - E.B.G. Jones 125 Ophiodeira monosemeia Kohlm. & Volkm.------+ - - - - Kohlm. 126 Panorbis viscosus (I. Schmidt) J. Campb., et al. P P P + P + + - - + + - - - - 127 Patellaria atrata (Hedw.) Fr. ------+ - - - - 128 Paraliomyces lentiferus Kohlm. ------+ - - - - - 129 Passeriniella mangrovei Maria & K.R. Sridhar - - - - - + + ------130 P. savoryellopsis K.D. Hyde & Mouzouras ------+ - 131 Payosphaeria minuta W.F. Leong ------+ - + - - - - + - 132 Pedumispora rhizophorae K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. ------+ - - - - Jones 133 Phaeosphaeria halima (T.W. Johnson) ------+ ------Shoemaker & Babcock 134 Phaeosphaeria orae-maris (Linder) Khashna. & - - - + + + - - - + - - - - - Shearer 135 Quintaria lignatilis (Kohlm.) Kohlm. & Volkm.- - - + + - - - - + + + - + + - Kohlm. 136 Rhizophila marina K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones - - - + + + + - - + + - - + - 137 Remispora quadric-remis (Hohnk) Kohlm. ------+ ------138 Rimora mangrovei (Kohlm. & B.P.R. Vittal) - - + + + + + - + + + + + + + Kohlm., et al. (Contd).

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Table 1—Distribution of marine fungi of India. States and Union Territories:- DI: Diu Island, DA: Daman, GU: Gujarat, MS: Maharashtra, GO: Goa, KA: Karnataka, KE: Kerala, PM: Pondecherry (Mahe), LI: Lakshadeep Islands, TN: Tamil Nadu, AP: Andhra Pradesh, OR: Orissa, WB: West Bengal, AN: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, PN: Pondecherry. ‘+’: Recorded, ‘-’: Not-recorded, ‘P’: Present study. (Contd). S N Name of the fungal species West Coast East Coast Phylum: Labyrinthulomycota D D G M G K K P L T A O W A P I A J S O A E M I N P R B N N 139 Saagaromyces abonnis (Kohlm.) K.L. Pang & - - + + - - + - + - + - + + - E.B.G. Jones 140 S. glitra (J.L. Crane &.Shearer) K.L. Pang & - - - - + - + - - + + - - + - E.B.G. Jones 141 S. ratnagiriensis (S.D. Patil & B.D. Borse) K.L. - - + + + + + - - + + - + + + Pang & Jones 142 Saccardoella marinospora Hyde - - - + - - - - - + + - + + - 143 S. rhizophorae K.D. Hyde ------+ + - - + - 144 Salsuginea ramicola K.D. Hyde - + + + + + + + - + - + + + - 145 Savoryella appendiculata K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. ------+ - - + + + + - - Jones 146 S. lignicola E.B.G. Jones & R.A. Eaton - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 147 S. longispora E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde - - - - - + + - - - - + - - - 148 S. paucispora (Cribb & J.W. Cribb) Jorgen Koch - - - - + + + + + + + - - + + 149 Swampomyces armeniacus Kohlm. & Volkm.------+ - - - + - - - + - Kohlm. 150 S. triseptatus K.D. Hyde & Nakagiri - - + ------+ - - 151 Thalossogena sphaerica ------+ - - Kohlm. & Volkm.- Kohlm. 152 Tirispora unicaudata E.B.G. Jones & Vrijmoed - - - + + + + - - + - - - - - 153 T. mandoviana V.V. Sarma & K.D. Hyde - - - - + + - - - + - - - - - 154 Torpedospora radiata Meyers - - + + + + + + + + - + + - - 155 Trematosphaeria lineolatispora K.D. Hyde ------+ - - - - + + - - 156 T. mangrovei Kohlm. - - - - - + ------157 Verruculinia enalia (Kohlm.) Kohlm. & Volkm.- + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Kohlm. 158 Zopfiella latipes (Lundq.) Maloch & Cain - - + + - + + + - + + + + - - 159 Z. marina Furuya & Udagawa ------+ - - - - Phylum: Basidiomycota 160 Calathella mangrovei E.B.G. Jones & Agerer - - - + - + ------161 Halocyphina villosa Kohlm. & E. Kohlm. - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + 162 Nia vibrissa R.T. Moore & Meyers - - + + + + + - - + + + + - - Mitosporic Fungi (Hyphomycetes) 163 Alternaria sp. ------+ + - - - + + - - 164 Anguillospora marina Nakagiri & Tubaki - - - - - + ------165 Arthobotrys oligospora Fresenius - - - - - + ------166 Aspergillus sydowii (Bainier & Sartory) Thom & ------+ - - + - + Church 167 Aspergillus sp. - - - + - + + - - - - - + - - 168 Bactrodesmium linderii (J.L. Crane & Shearer) - - - + + + + - - - + - + - - Palm & Stewart 169 Blastobotrys sp. - - - - + ------170 Botryophialophora marina Linder ------+ - - 171 Cirrenalia basiminuta S. Raghukumar & Zainal - - + + + + + - + + + + - - - (Contd).

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Table 1—Distribution of marine fungi of India. States and Union Territories:- DI: Diu Island, DA: Daman, GU: Gujarat, MS: Maharashtra, GO: Goa, KA: Karnataka, KE: Kerala, PM: Pondecherry (Mahe), LI: Lakshadeep Islands, TN: Tamil Nadu, AP: Andhra Pradesh, OR: Orissa, WB: West Bengal, AN: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, PN: Pondecherry. ‘+’: Recorded, ‘-’: Not-recorded, ‘P’: Present study. S N Name of the fungal species West Coast East Coast Phylum: Labyrinthulomycota D D G M G K K P L T A O W A P I A J S O A E M I N P R B N N 172 C. pseudomacrocephala Kohlm. - - - + + + - - + + - + - + + 173 Cladosporium algarum Cooke & Massee - - - - - + + - - + - - - - + 174 Clavatospora bulbosa (Anastasiou) Nakagiri & - - + + + + + + + + + + - + - Tubaki 175 Cummulospora marina I. Schmidt - - - - - + + - - + - - + - - 176 Dictyosporium pelagicum (Linder) G.C. Hughes - - - + + + + - - + - + - - + 177 Fusarium sp. - - - - - + + - - + - - - - - 178 Halazoon fuscus (I. Schmidt) Abdel-Wahab & ------+ + ------K.L. Pang 179 Halenospora varia (Anastasiou) E.B.G. Jones - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 180 Hydea pygmea (Kohlm.) K.L. Pang & E.B.G. - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + Jones 181 Matsusporium tropicale (Kohlm.) E.B.G. Jones - - - + + + + - + + + + + + + & K.L. Pang 182 Monodictys pelagica (T.W. Johnson) E.B.G. - - - + + + - - + + - + - + - Jones 183 Paecilomyces ramosus Samson & Evans - - - - + ------184 Periconia prolifica Anastasiou + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 185 Scolecobasidium sp. ------+ - - - - + - 186 Trichocladium achrasporum (Meyers and R.T.Moore) - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - Dixon 187 T. alopallonellum (R.T. Moore & Meyers) Kohlm. - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - & V.-Kohlm. 188 T. constrictum I. Schmidt ------+ - - - - + + - - 189 T. lignicola I. Schmidt - - + ------190 T. melhae E.B.G. Jones, Abdel-Wahab & Vrijmode - - - - - + - - - - + + + - - 191 Varicosporina ramulosa Meyers & Kohlm. - - - + + - - - - + - - - - - 192 Zalerion maritium (Linder) Anastasiou Mitosporic + + + + + + + + + + - + + - - Fungi (Ceolomycetes) 193 Ascochyta salicorniae P. Magnus - - + + ------194 Camarosporium palliatum Kohlm. & E. Kohlm. - - - + ------195 C. roumeguerii Sacc. - - + + - - - - - + + - + + - 196 Coniothyrium obiones Japp ------+ - - - 197 Cytospora rhozophorae Kohlm. & E. Kohlm. - - + + + + + - - + + - - + - 198 Macrophoma sp. ------+ - - - 199 Phialophorophoma litoralis Linder ------+ - - + - - - - - 200 Phoma suaedae Japp ------+ - - 201 Phoma sp. - - + + - + + + - + + + + + + 202 Phomopsis mangrovei K.D. Hyde - - + + ------+ - + + - 203 Robillarda rhizophorae Kohlm. ------+ ------Fungal Species reported from Deep Sea environment: 1. Bathyascus vermisporus Kohlm. (Ascomycota) 2. Oceanitis scuticella Kohlm. (Ascomycota) 3. Alleschieriella bathygena Kohlm. (Mitosporic fungus) 4. Periconia abyssa Kohlm. (Mitosporic fungus)

BORSE et al.: MARINE FUNGI FROM INDIA 117

After initial observations, samples were then These are: Ascomycota-1) Aniptodera juncicola incubated in plastic boxes and kept moist by spraying Volkm.-Kohlm. & Kohlm., 2) Bicrouania maritima with sterile seawater and periodically examined for (H. Crouan & P. Crouan) Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., 3) presence of fungal fruiting bodies. Sea foam samples Biflua physasca Koch & Jones, 4) Byssothecium were collected during high tide from sandy beaches obiones (Crouan & Crouan) Barr, 5) Corollospora with the help of a ladle and placed in clean wide lacera (Linder) Kohlm., 6) Crinigera maritima mouth plastic bottles and kept for 24 hours to enable Schmidt, 7) Didymella fucicola (G.K. Sutherl.) the foam to dissolve. It was preserved by adding Kohlm., 8) Dryosphaera navigans Koch & Jones, 9) FAA to yield 5% foam solution. These samples were Halotthia posidoniae (Durieu & Montan.) Kohlm., 10) scanned under a low or high power of a microscope Helicascus kanaloanus Kohlm., 11) Koralionastes sp, 12) for the presence of fungal spores. Identifications of Lautitia danica (Berlese) Schatz, 13) Leptosphaeria the fungi were made with help of10,12,14-16 and relevant puruviana Speg., 14) Limacospora sundica (Koch & literature. Jones) Koch & Jones, 15) Lulworthia kniepii Kohlm., 16) Lulworthia medusa (Ellis & Everh.) Results and Discussions Cribb & Cribb, 17) Mycosphaerella apophlaeae The marine fungi of India are not fully explored. Kohlm., 18) Mycosphaerella salicorniae (Auerswald) There are sporadic reports on marine fungi of Petrak, 19) Mycosphaerella staticicola (Pat.) Dias, mangroves from the Mahanadi delta, Sundarbans, 20) Phaeosphaeria spartinae (Ellis & Everh.) Gulf of Kutchha, Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Shoemaker & C.E. Babc., 21) Phaeosphaeria Similarly marine algae, salt marsh plants and sea neomaritima (Gesnner & Kohlm.) Shoem. & grasses are unexplored substrates for marine fungi. Babcock, 22) Phaeosphaeria typharum (Desm.) L. There are also sporadic reports on lower marine fungi Holm., 23) Phaeosphaeria spartinaecola Leuchtmann, 24) from various coastal areas of India. In a previous Pharecidia rhachiana Kohlm., 25) Pleospora check list of marine fungi from India up to 2001 triglochinicola J. Webster, 26) Pleospora pelagica include 166 species17. During last decade more than Johnson. 40 species of marine fungi have been added to the Mitosporic fungi-1) Dendryphiella salina (Sutherl.) report from India. Pugh & Nicot. 2) Cirrenalia macrocephala (Kohlm.) The ascomata structure, ascomata wall, the Meyers & R.T. Moore. presence or absence of catenophyses, paraphyses, These 207 species of marine fungi pseudoparaphyses and periphyses, ascus structure (14 Labyrinthulomycota, 4 Chytridiomycota, 4 and morphology of ascospores are the most Oomycota, 139 Ascomycota, 3 Basidiomycota and 43 important clues for the identification of ascomycetous Mitosporic fungi) reported so far from marine waters fungi. For Basidiomycetes, the morphology of the of various coastal states, Islands and Union territories basidiomata serves as an essential feature for of India. Most of the species are reported as the new identification. For Mitosporic fungi, the morphology additions to the fungi of India, while four genera and of conidiomata and the mode of conidiation are 19 species are described by various researchers as new vital for identification, in addition to the conidial to science on the basis of material collected from characteristics. Indian marine waters. The following twenty eight species of marine fungi The check list is based on the present studies and reported from India on intertidal wood and mangrove published literature18-60 and show that most of the wood without description/ illustrations by various fungal species have been recorded from West coast researchers from India are not included in this (167 sp.) followed by East coast (152 sp.), Andaman- check list as they appear to be substrate specific Nicobar Islands (64 sp.) and Lakshadweep Islands (marine algae, salt marsh plants, sea grasses, animal (57 sp.). Four fungal species were isolated only from substrates) or temperature specific (cold water deep sea sediments in the central Arabian sea. These species). Most of these fungi were listed in ecological fungi are not only unique for their habitats and studies. We feel that these fungi are most likely magnificent propagul types but also are of great un-described species from marine waters/estuarine significance in the organic matter decomposition, as waters/freshwater or misidentification of terrestrial pathogens of marine algae and animals and in the species (Gareth Jones; personal communication). energy budget of the marine and estuarine ecosystems. 118 INDIAN J. MAR. SCI., VOL. 42, NO. 1 FEBRUARY 2013

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