Steering and Suspension Systems)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Steering and Suspension Systems) Central Washington University ScholarWorks@CWU All Undergraduate Projects Undergraduate Student Projects Spring 2016 ASME Mini-Baja RC CAR (Steering and suspension systems) Michael E. Cox Central Washington University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/undergradproj Part of the Applied Mechanics Commons, Computer-Aided Engineering and Design Commons, and the Manufacturing Commons Recommended Citation Cox, Michael E., "ASME Mini-Baja RC CAR (Steering and suspension systems)" (2016). All Undergraduate Projects. 34. https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/undergradproj/34 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Student Projects at ScholarWorks@CWU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Undergraduate Projects by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@CWU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ASME RC BAJA CAR: Suspension and Steering Systems 2015-16 By Michael Cox MET 495A 10/12/15 Partner: Jason Moore (Drive Train) Table of Contents I: Table of Figures ........................................................................................................................... 4 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 6 1a: Motivation: ...................................................................................................................... 6 1b: Function Statements: Suspension and Steering: ......................................................... 6 1c: Requirements: ................................................................................................................. 6 1d. Engineering Merit....................................................................................................... 6 1e. Scope of Effort ............................................................................................................ 7 1f. Success Criteria........................................................................................................... 7 2: DESIGN & ANALYSIS ......................................................................................................... 7 2a. Approach: Proposed Solution.................................................................................... 7 2b. Description .................................................................................................................. 7 2b. Benchmark .................................................................................................................. 8 2c. Performance Predictions ........................................................................................... 8 2d. Description of Analyses .............................................................................................. 8 2e. Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 9 2f. Design Changes ........................................................................................................ 14 3. METHODS AND CONSTRUCTION .................................................................................. 15 3a. Methods and Construction ...................................................................................... 15 3b. Description ................................................................................................................ 15 3c. Drawing Tree, Drawing ID’s ................................................................................... 16 3d. Parts list, ID labels, and estimated budget. ............................................................ 16 3e. Manufacturing issues ............................................................................................... 16 4. TESTING METHOD ......................................................................................................... 17 4a. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 17 4b. Methods/Approach ................................................................................................... 17 4c. Test Procedure .......................................................................................................... 18 4d. Deliverables ............................................................................................................... 18 5: BUDGET, SCHEDULE AND PROJECT MANEGEMENT .......................................... 19 5a: Proposed Budget and Funding Source ....................................................................... 19 5b: Suppliers and Part/Material Acquisition: .................................................................. 19 5d: Labor ............................................................................................................................. 19 5e: Estimate total project cost ............................................................................................ 20 2 5F. Proposed schedule ........................................................................................................ 20 I. Gantt Charts.................................................................................................................... 20 II. Milestones ................................................................................................................... 20 III. Estimate Total Project Time ....................................................................................... 20 5G: Project Management ................................................................................................... 20 I. Human Resources:.......................................................................................................... 21 II. Physical Resources/Soft Resources: ........................................................................... 21 6. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION ............................................................................... 21 6a: Design Evolution............................................................................................................. 21 6b: Project Risk analysis ....................................................................................................... 22 6c. Successful ........................................................................................................................ 22 6d. Next phase. ...................................................................................................................... 22 6e. Acknowledgements. ........................................................................................................ 22 Appendix .................................................................................................................................. 23 Appendix A – Analyses ....................................................................................................... 23 Appendix B – Sketches and Drawings .............................................................................. 40 SKETCHES .......................................................................................................................... 40 DRAWINGS ......................................................................................................................... 43 Appendix C – Parts List ..................................................................................................... 51 Appendix D – Budget .......................................................................................................... 52 Appendix E -- Schedule ...................................................................................................... 52 Appendix F– Test Summary Data Sheets ......................................................................... 54 Appendix G– Resume/Vita ................................................................................................. 56 Appendix H FEA (Finite Element Analysis Reports) ...................................................... 57 FEA REPORT 1.01 ............................................................................................................... 57 FEA REPORT 1.02 ABS ...................................................................................................... 64 FEA REPORT 2.50 ABS ...................................................................................................... 71 Appendix I FINAL TESTING DOCUMENT ..................................................................... 78 3 I: Table of Figures Figure 1 ......................................................................................................................................... 10 Figure 2 ......................................................................................................................................... 10 Figure 3 ......................................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 4 ......................................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 5 Front Assembly. ............................................................................................................. 12 Figure 6 Rear Assembly................................................................................................................ 12 Figure 7 Complete Assembly.......................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Suspension Geometry and Computation
    Suspension Geometry and Computation By the same author: The Shock Absorber Handbook, 2nd edn (Wiley, PEP, SAE) Tires, Suspension and Handling, 2nd edn (SAE, Arnold). The High-Performance Two-Stroke Engine (Haynes) Suspension Geometry and Computation John C. Dixon, PhD, F.I.Mech.E., F.R.Ae.S. Senior Lecturer in Engineering Mechanics The Open University, Great Britain. This edition first published 2009 Ó 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Registered office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com. The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
    [Show full text]
  • The Self-Steering Axles
    THE SELF-STEERING AXLES R O A D R A N G E The costs for fuel and maintenance of vehicles are an increasing component of the running costs for a transport company. > Fuel economy. Fuel prices are influencing the costs of transport. Something can be done only by reducing consumption. The steering axle greatly improve the performance of trailers and semi-trailers, especially over mixed routes, the motor vehicle is less stressed, and reuces fuel consumption. > Lower expenses for the tires. Thanks to steering axles tyres have a longer life: a double benefit for the carriers who drive more kilometres with a set of tyres and have less downtime, because steering axles save the tyre wear. Even recycled tires can be used with increased safety. > Smoother and safer drive. The characteristics of the steering axle are useful especially when great manoeuvrability and flexibility are required - for example in local traffic and of distribution: precise manoeuvres, less damage from bumps, more safety and efficiency. The device for the wheels’ alignment and pneumatic latch are an useful aid for precision and safety also when reverse driving. > ADR range of steering axle. BM Series for capacities up to 7,5 tons BT Series for capacities up to 12 tons BW series for capacities up to 15 tons BX series for capacities up to 22 tons, specific special vehicles for yard or harbour. R O A D R A N G E SELF STEERING AXLES WITH 300 MM DRUM BRAKE TWIN TWIN SINGLE OVERALL AXLE MINIMUM WEIGHT TYPE CAPACITY BRAKE WHEEL CONNECTION WHEEL FACE WHEEL WHEEL WIDTH BEAM WHEEL
    [Show full text]
  • Extra Care Protection
    Extra Care Protection Powertrain Coverage Engine Front/Rear Wheel Drive Engine block and all internal components, cylinder heads, oil pan, engine Final drive housing and all internal parts, drive shafts, front hub, bearings, mounts, intake manifold, exhaust manifold, harmonic balancer, flywheel, starter, differential carrier assembly, axle carrier, axle case, axle bearing, rear axle hub air cleaner, timing belt and cover, accelerator rod and cable, vacuum pump, bearings, universal joints, propeller shafts, axle housing and all internal parts, expansion plugs, engine dipstick and tube, valve covers, camshaft cover, timing drive shaft centre supports, constant velocity joints and boots, axle shafts, front belt tensioner, water pump, fuel pump, fan and/or motor, fluid coupling, radiator, axle hub bearings. thermostat, oil cooler and steel lines, injection pump, timing gear and chain, engine control computer, oil pump. Four Wheel Drive Transfer case and all internal components, front/centre/rear differential Manual or Automatic Transmission/Transaxle assemblies and all internal components, front hub and spindle assembly Case and all internal parts, transmission mounts, transmission cooler and steel (including locking device). lines, oil pan, clutch cover, clutch master cylinder, clutch release cylinder, torque converter, dipstick and tube, kickdown linkage. Seals/Gaskets/Fluids/Filters All seals and gaskets used to contain fluid/lubricants within covered components, replacement of coolant, refrigerant, lubricants and filters when required as a result of a failure of a covered component. Comprehensive Coverage *New* Hybrid Components (For Hybrid Vehicles Only) High Tech Components Lexus hybrid owners can now enjoy added peace of mind with Extra Care All computers, actuators and sensors used in the following electronically Protection.
    [Show full text]
  • Design, Analysis and Optimization of Anti-Roll Bar
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Directory of Open Access Journals Pravin Bharane et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 9( Version 4), September 2014, pp.137-140 RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Design, Analysis and Optimization of Anti-Roll Bar Pravin Bharane*, Kshitijit Tanpure**, Amit Patil***, Ganesh Kerkal**** *,**,***,****( Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engg., Dnyanganga College of Engg. & Research, Pune) ABSTRACT Vehicle anti-roll bar is part of an automobile suspension system which limits body roll angle. This U-shaped metal bar connects opposite wheels together through short lever arms and is clamped to the vehicle chassis with rubber bushes. Its function is to reduce body roll while cornering, also while travelling on uneven road which enhances safety and comfort during driving. Design changes of anti-roll bars are quite common at various steps of vehicle production and a design analysis must be performed for each change. So Finite Element Analysis (FEA) can be effectively used in design analysis of anti-roll bars. The finite element analysis is performed by ANSYS. This paper includes pre-processing, analysis, post processing, and analyzing the FEA results by using APDL (Ansys Parametric Design Language). The effects of anti-roll bar design parameters on final anti-roll bar properties are also evaluated by performing sample analyses with the FEA program developed in this project. Keywords: FEA, Anti Roll Bar, APDL, Design Parameters. I. INTRODUCTION Anti-roll bar, also referred to as stabilizer or ensure directional control and stability with adequate sway bar, is a rod or tube, usually made of steel, that traction and braking capabilities [1].
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 Nissan Rogue
    2017 ROGUE OWNER’S MANUAL and MAINTENANCE INFORMATION For your safety, read carefully and keep in this vehicle. FOREWORD READ FIRST—THEN DRIVE SAFELY Welcome to the growing family of new NISSAN cautions and instructions concerning proper use Before driving your vehicle, please read this owners. This vehicle is delivered to you with of such accessories prior to operating the vehicle Owner’s Manual carefully. This will ensure famil- confidence. It was produced using the latest and/or accessory. It is recommended that you iarity with controls and maintenance require- techniques and strict quality control. visit a NISSAN dealer for details concerning the ments, assisting you in the safe operation of your particular accessories with which your vehicle is vehicle. This manual was prepared to help you under- equipped. stand the operation and maintenance of your WARNING vehicle so that you may enjoy many miles (kilome- ters) of driving pleasure. Please read through this IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION manual before operating your vehicle. REMINDERS! A separate Warranty Information Booklet Follow these important driving rules to explains details about the warranties cov- help ensure a safe and comfortable trip ering your vehicle. The “Maintenance and for you and your passengers! schedules” section of this manual explains ● NEVER drive under the influence of al- details about maintaining and servicing cohol or drugs. your vehicle. Additionally, a separate Cus- tomer Care/Lemon Law Booklet (U.S. only) ● ALWAYS observe posted speed limits will explain how to resolve any concerns and never drive too fast for conditions. you may have with your vehicle, and clarify ● ALWAYS give your full attention to driving your rights under your state’s lemon law.
    [Show full text]
  • Owner's Manual (2013 Hardtop / Clubman)
    Contents A - Z OWNER'S MANUAL MINI MINI CLUBMAN Online Edition for Part no. 01402917320 - © 10/12 BMW AG Cooper Congratulations on your new MINI Cooper S This Owner's Manual should be considered a permanent part of this vehicle. It should stay with the vehicle when sold to provide John Cooper the next owner with important operating, safety and mainte- Works nance information. We wish you an enjoyable driving experience. Online Edition for Part no. 01402917320 - © 10/12 BMW AG © 2012 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Munich, Germany Reprinting, including excerpts, only with the written consent of BMW AG, Munich. US English X/12, 11 12 500 Printed on environmentally friendly paper, bleached without chlorine, suitable for recycling. Online Edition for Part no. 01402917320 - © 10/12 BMW AG Contents The fastest way to find information on a particu- COMMUNICATIONS 155 lar topic or item is by using the index, refer to 156 Hands-free device Bluetooth page 252. 166 Mobile phone preparation Bluetooth 179 Office 187 MINI Connected 4 Notes 7 Reporting safety defects MOBILITY 191 192 Refueling AT A GLANCE 9 195 Wheels and tires 10 Cockpit 207 Engine compartment 16 Onboard computer 211 Maintenance 20 Letters and numbers 213 Care 21 Voice activation system 217 Replacing components CONTROLS 25 231 Giving and receiving assistance 26 Opening and closing REFERENCE 237 38 Adjustments 238 Technical data 44 Transporting children safely 245 Short commands for the voice activation 47 Driving system 57 Controls overview 252 Everything from A to Z 68 Technology for driving comfort and safety 81 Lamps 85 Climate 90 Practical interior accessories DRIVING TIPS 99 100 Things to remember when driving NAVIGATION 109 110 Navigation system 112 Destination entry 121 Route guidance 129 What to do if… ENTERTAINMENT 131 132 On/off and tone 135 Radio 143 CD player 145 External devices Online Edition for Part no.
    [Show full text]
  • A Novel Chassis Concept for Power Steering Systems Driven by Wheel Individual Torque at the Front Axle M
    25th Aachen Colloquium Automobile and Engine Technology 2016 1 A Novel Chassis Concept For Power Steering Systems Driven By Wheel Individual Torque At The Front Axle M. Sc. Philipp Kautzmann Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Vehicle System Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany M. Sc. Jürgen Römer Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany Dr.-Ing. Michael Frey Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Vehicle System Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany Dr.-Ing. Marcel Ph. Mayer Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany Summary The project "Intelligent Assisted Steering System with Optimum Energy Efficiency for Electric Vehicles (e²-Lenk)" focuses on a novel assisted steering concept for electric vehicles. We analysed different suspensions to use with this innovative power steering concept driven by wheel individual drive torque at the front axle. Our investigations show the potential even for conventional suspensions but reveal the limitations of standard chassis design. Optimized suspension parameters are needed to generate steering torque efficiently. Requirements arise from emergency braking, electronic stability control systems and the potential of the suspension for the use with our steering system. In lever arm design a trade-off between disturbing and utilizable forces occurs. We present a new design space for a novel chassis layout and discuss a first suspension design proposal with inboard motors, a small scrub radius and a big disturbance force lever arm. 1 Introduction Electric vehicles are a promising opportunity to reduce local greenhouse gas emissions in transport and increase overall energy efficiency, as electric drivetrain vehicles operate more efficiently compared to conventionally motorized vehicles. The internal combustion engine of common vehicles not only accelerates the vehicle, but also supplies energy to on-board auxiliary systems, such as power-assisted steering, which reduces the driver’s effort at the steering wheel.
    [Show full text]
  • Dinan Engineering Anti-Roll Bar
    ADJUSTABLE ANTI-ROLL BAR INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS PART NUMBER D120-0520 DESCRIPTION: Front 32mm; 3-hole adjustable APPLICATION: 2008-13 M3 (E90, E92, & E93) 2011 1-M Coupe (E82) ___________________________________________________________ PARTS LIST Qty Part # Description 1 D122-0520 Anti-roll bar 1 D133-0520 Hardware kit ___________________________________________________________ Congratulations for being selective enough to use a Dinan Engineering anti-roll bar. We have spent many hours developing this anti-roll bar to assure that you will receive maximum performance and durability with minimum difficulty in installation. Please take the time to read these instructions and call us if you have any difficulties during the installation. ___________________________________________________________ NOTES: a) We highly recommend that you first read and fully understand these instructions before beginning the installation. b) Some mechanical skill is required to install this kit. If you feel that you do not have the requisite skill or tools, please arrange for a qualified repair facility to perform the installation. c) Do not work on vehicles supported by a jack only. Use secure jack stands! ___________________________________________________________ INS133-0520 Page 1 of 4 Rev. 3/26/14 1. Jack up the front of the vehicle and place jack stands securely under the vehicle. 2. Note the orientation of the stock anti-roll bar. The Dinan bar will be oriented the same way. 3. Remove the stock anti-roll bar, bushings, brackets, and end links per BMW recommended procedure. These items will not be reused. 4. Install Dinan anti-roll bar using the supplied bushings and brackets. Lubricate the bushings with urethane grease (or an equivalent high-pressure, waterproof, grease).
    [Show full text]
  • Design and Analysis of Leaf Spring in a Heavy Truck
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Journal of Innovative Technology and Research (IJITR) Godatha Joshua Jacob * et al. (IJITR) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH Volume No.5, Issue No.4, June – July 2017, 7041-7046. Design And Analysis Of Leaf Spring In A Heavy Truck GODATHA JOSHUA JACOB Mr M.DEEPAK M.Tech (machine design) Student, Dept.of Assistant professor, Dept.of Mechanical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Kakinada Institute Of Kakinada Institute Of Engineering And Technology, Engineering And Technology, (Approved by AICTE (Approved by AICTE and Affiliated to Jawaharlal and Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological Nehru Technological University , Kakinada) University , Kakinada) Abstract: A leaf spring is a simple form of spring, commonly used for the suspension in wheeled vehicles. Leaf Springs are long and narrow plates attached to the frame of a trailer that rest above or below the trailer's axle. There are monoleaf springs, or single-leaf springs, that consist of simply one plate of spring steel. These are usually thick in the middle and taper out toward the end, and they don't typically offer too much strength and suspension for towed vehicles. Drivers looking to tow heavier loads typically use multileaf springs, which consist of several leaf springs of varying length stacked on top of each other. The shorter the leaf spring, the closer to the bottom it will be, giving it the same semielliptical shape a single leaf spring gets from being thicker in the middle. Springs will fail from fatigue caused by the repeated flexing of the spring.
    [Show full text]
  • Transverse Leaf Springs: a Corvette Controversy
    Transverse Leaf Springs: A Corvette Controversy By Matt Miller Introduction A lot of people give Corvettes flack because they employ leaf springs. The mere mention of leaf springs conjures up images of suspensions on horse-drawn buggies, old cars and trucks, and Harbor Freight utility trailers. Even magazine reviews of the latest Corvettes talk about how “antiquated” their leaf spring designs are, and many a Corvette enthusiast has converted his car to aftermarket coilovers in the belief that they are inherently better than the composite transverse leaf springs found on the front and rear suspensions of all Corvettes since 1984. But is that true? Does the Corvette’s use of transverse leaf springs mean it has an inferior, outdated suspension design? The short answer is “No!” To find out why, we’ll cover some basics on springs and suspensions and see how the facts add up. Page 1 What is a Spring, Anyway? We all intuitively know what springs are. But technically speaking, a spring is an elastic mechanical device that stores potential energy. When mechanical energy is put into a spring, it deforms and can release that energy back in the opposite direction. We measure a spring’s energy storage by its “spring rate,” which defines its energy storage. The spring rate defines the increase in force required to move the spring a certain amount. For example, if a spring has a rate of 100 lb/in (pounds per inch), it means that 100 lbs of force will move one end of it 1”, an additional 100 lbs will move it another inch, and so on.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance Shock Absorbers
    PERFORMANCE SHOCK ABSORBERS SINCE 1857 | koni-na.com SHOCK ABSORBER & SUSPENSION TECH 101 It’s easy to think of a powerful engine to make a car fast “dampers” as their job is to damp or control the car body and but ultimately the car is connected to the ground by the suspension motion as it goes over undulations and bumps small contact patches of the tires. We must optimize tire in the road. In a nutshell, the suspension’s springs carry the grip through the cars suspension to go faster. When the car weight of the car and for a given road input will establish accelerates, brakes, and turns, many forces of physics are how much motion the car will likely have. The shock absorber trying to make the mass of the car go in a different direction or damper serves as a timing device to regulate how long it from where the driver wants and road surface needs it to go. takes for this suspension motion to occur. The car’s suspension is the interface between tires and A good performing shock absorber will be firm enough to the car body in motion. If the suspension can control and slow or eliminate excessive body and suspension motion optimize the body motion and tire grip while smoothing the yet to allow enough motion to provide a good ride quality road impacts and the driver inputs, then the carSINCE goes faster,1857 is | koni-na.comand tire grip. If a suspension is too soft or too firm, the car, safer, and has better ride quality.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Jeep Renegade Owner's Manual
    2019 Renegade OWNER’S MANUAL VEHICLES SOLD IN CANADA This manual illustrates and describes the operation of With respect to any Vehicles Sold in Canada, the name features and equipment that are either standard or op- FCA US LLC shall be deemed to be deleted and the name tional on this vehicle. This manual may also include a FCA Canada Inc. used in substitution therefore. description of features and equipment that are no longer DRIVING AND ALCOHOL available or were not ordered on this vehicle. Please Drunken driving is one of the most frequent causes of disregard any features and equipment described in this accidents. manual that are not on this vehicle. Your driving ability can be seriously impaired with blood FCA US LLC reserves the right to make changes in design alcohol levels far below the legal minimum. If you are and specifications, and/or make additions to or improve- drinking, don’t drive. Ride with a designated non- ments to its products without imposing any obligation drinking driver, call a cab, a friend, or use public trans- upon itself to install them on products previously manu- portation. factured. WARNING! Driving after drinking can lead to an accident. Your perceptions are less sharp, your reflexes are slower, and your judgment is impaired when you have been drinking. Never drink and then drive. Copyright © 2018 FCA US LLC SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................3 2 2 GRAPHICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................7
    [Show full text]