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Based on Articles 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and Article 35 Paragraph 1 Sub-Paragraph 1.1 of the Law No. 03 / L-209 on Central Bank
Based on Articles 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and Article 35 paragraph 1 sub-paragraph 1.1 of the Law no. 03 / L-209 on Central Bank of the Republic of Kosovo (Official Gazette of the Republic of Kosovo, Law no. 03 / L-209, OG no. 77/2010, August 16, 2010), UNMIK Regulation no. 1999/4 on the currency permitted to be used in Kosovo (Official Gazette of UNMIK Regulation UNMIK / REG / 1999/4, 2 September 1999), UNMIK Administrative Regulation no. 2001/24 Amending UNMIK Administrative Direction no. 1999/2 on the implementation of the Regulation no. 1999/4 to allow the use of foreign currency in Kosovo (Official Gazette of UNMIK, UNMIK Administrative Direction / DIR. / 2001/24, 21 December 2001), the Board of the Central Bank of the Republic of Kosovo in its meeting held on March 31. 2016 approved: REGULATION ON CASH OPERTATIONS CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 1 Purpose The purpose of this regulation is to establish regulatory standards for professional fulfilment of tasks of financial institutions in the area of cash operations. By means of this regulation are sets out the rules and procedures of treatment and withdrawal from circulation of euro banknotes and coins and other currencies suspected to be counterfeit, the criteria for substituting damaged euro banknotes and coins, the minimum standards for checking eligibility and resetting in circulation of banknotes and euro currencies and the standards for packaging euro banknotes and coins for deposit at the Central Bank of Kosovo. Article 2 Scope Subject to the scope of this regulation are the Central Bank of Kosovo - CBK, banks, branches of foreign banks and other financial institutions licensed to carry out banking and / or financial activities in the Republic of Kosovo. -
The European Payments Union and the Origins of Triffin's Regional Approach Towards International Monetary Integration
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Maes, Ivo; Pasotti, Ilaria Working Paper The European Payments Union and the origins of Triffin's regional approach towards international monetary integration NBB Working Paper, No. 301 Provided in Cooperation with: National Bank of Belgium, Brussels Suggested Citation: Maes, Ivo; Pasotti, Ilaria (2016) : The European Payments Union and the origins of Triffin's regional approach towards international monetary integration, NBB Working Paper, No. 301, National Bank of Belgium, Brussels This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/173757 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen -
Law and Military Operations in Kosovo: 1999-2001, Lessons Learned For
LAW AND MILITARY OPERATIONS IN KOSOVO: 1999-2001 LESSONS LEARNED FOR JUDGE ADVOCATES Center for Law and Military Operations (CLAMO) The Judge Advocate General’s School United States Army Charlottesville, Virginia CENTER FOR LAW AND MILITARY OPERATIONS (CLAMO) Director COL David E. Graham Deputy Director LTC Stuart W. Risch Director, Domestic Operational Law (vacant) Director, Training & Support CPT Alton L. (Larry) Gwaltney, III Marine Representative Maj Cody M. Weston, USMC Advanced Operational Law Studies Fellows MAJ Keith E. Puls MAJ Daniel G. Jordan Automation Technician Mr. Ben R. Morgan Training Centers LTC Richard M. Whitaker Battle Command Training Program LTC James W. Herring Battle Command Training Program MAJ Phillip W. Jussell Battle Command Training Program CPT Michael L. Roberts Combat Maneuver Training Center MAJ Michael P. Ryan Joint Readiness Training Center CPT Peter R. Hayden Joint Readiness Training Center CPT Mark D. Matthews Joint Readiness Training Center SFC Michael A. Pascua Joint Readiness Training Center CPT Jonathan Howard National Training Center CPT Charles J. Kovats National Training Center Contact the Center The Center’s mission is to examine legal issues that arise during all phases of military operations and to devise training and resource strategies for addressing those issues. It seeks to fulfill this mission in five ways. First, it is the central repository within The Judge Advocate General's Corps for all-source data, information, memoranda, after-action materials and lessons learned pertaining to legal support to operations, foreign and domestic. Second, it supports judge advocates by analyzing all data and information, developing lessons learned across all military legal disciplines, and by disseminating these lessons learned and other operational information to the Army, Marine Corps, and Joint communities through publications, instruction, training, and databases accessible to operational forces, world-wide. -
Monthly Currency Rates / Taux Mensuels Des
MONTHLY CURRENCY RATES / TAUX MENSUELS DES MONNAIES Exchange rates on 30 JUNE 2011 / Taux de change au 30 JUIN 2011 APPLICABLE FOR THE MONTH OF JULY 2011 / APPLICABLE POUR LE MOIS DE JUILLET 2011 REGIONAL COUNTRIES / PAYS REGIONAUX COUNTRY / PAYS CURRENCY / RATE PER UA/ MONNAIES TAUX PAR RAPPORT A L'UC ALGERIA/ALGERIE DZD ALGERIAN DINAR 114,745 ANGOLA AON KWANZA 149,696 BOTSWANA BWP PULA 10,4604 BURUNDI BIF FRANC 2005,80 CAPE VERDE/CAP VERT CVE ESCUDO 122,709 CFA COUNTRIES/PAYS CFA XAF FRANC CFA 726,374 CFA COUNTRIES/PAYS CFA XOF FRANC CFA 726,374 COMOROS/COMORES KMF COMORIAN FRANCS 544,780 CONGO DEM REP/REP DEM CONGO CDF Congo Franc 1461,29 DJIBOUTI DJF DJIBOUTI FRANC 284,490 EGYPT/EGYPTE EGP POUND 9,43991 ERITREA/ERYTHREE ERN ERITREA NAKFA 24,6118 ETHIOPIA/ETHIOPIE ETB BIRR 27,1242 GAMBIA/GAMBIE GMD DALASI 45,3453 GHANA GHS CEDI 2,35478 GUINEA/GUINEE GNF FRANC 10843,0 KENYA KES SHILLING 137,193 LESOTHO LSL MALOTI 10,9092 LIBERIA LRD LIBERIAN DOLLAR 116,833 LIBYA/LIBYE LYD LYBIAN DINAR 1,93240 MADAGASCAR MGA ARIARY 3127,66 MALAWI MWK KWACHA 239,094 MAURITANIA/MAURITANIE MRO OUGUIYA 440,785 MAURITIUS/I.MAURICE MUR RUPEE 45,5622 MOROCCO/MAROC MAD DIRHAM 12,5918 MOZAMBIQUE MZN METICAIS 49,7797 NAMIBIA/NAMIBIE NAD NAMIBIAN DOLLAR 10,9092 NIGERIA NGN NAIRA 245,862 RWANDA RWF RWANDA FRANC 957,757 SAO TOME & PRINCIPE/ STD DOBRA 27263,7 SEYCHELLES SCR RUPEE 19,4776 SIERRA LEONE SLL LEONE 7058,43 SOMALIA/SOMALIE SOS SHILLING 2577,12 SOUTH AFRICA/AFRIQUE DU SUD ZAR RAND 10,9092 SUDAN/SOUDAN SDG SUDANESE POUND 4,33915 SWAZILAND SZL LILANGENI 10,9092 -
Q3-Q4/16 – Two Centuries of Currency Policy in Austria
Two centuries of currency policy in Austria This paper is devoted to currency policies in Austria over the last 200 years, attempting to Heinz Handler1 sketch historical developments and uncover regularities and interconnections with macroeco- nomic variables. While during the 19th century the exchange rate resembled a kind of technical relation, since World War I (WW I) it has evolved as a policy instrument with the main objec- tives of controlling inflation and fostering productivity. During most of the 200-year period, Austrian currencies were subject to fixed exchange rates, in the form of silver and gold standards in the 19th century, as a gold-exchange standard and hard currency policy in much of the 20th century, and with the euro as the single currency in the early 21st century. Given Austria’s euro area membership, national exchange rate policy has been relinquished in favor of a common currency which itself is floating vis-à-vis third currencies. Austria’s predilection for keeping exchange rates stable is due not least to the country’s transformation from one of Europe’s few great powers (up to WW I) to a small open economy closely tied to the large German economy. JEL classification: E58, F31, N13, N14, N23, N24 Keywords: currency history, exchange rate policy, central bank, Austria When the privilegirte oesterreichische versus flexible exchange rates. During National-Bank (now Oesterreichische most of the period considered here, Nationalbank – OeNB)2 was chartered Austrian currencies were subject to in 1816, the currency systems of major fixed exchange rates, in the form of sil- nations were not standardized by any ver and gold standards in the 19th cen- formal agreement, although in practice tury, as a gold-exchange standard in a sort of specie standard prevailed. -
GENERAL CONFERENCE Industrial Development Board
Distr. GENERAL GC.8/15 IDB.21/30 31 August 1999 United Nations Industrial Development Organization ORIGINAL: ENGLISH GENERAL CONFERENCE Eighth session Vienna, 29 November - 3 December 1999 Item 11 (g) of the provisional agenda Industrial Development Board Resumed twenty-first session Vienna, 29 November 1999 Agenda item 4 (j) IMPLICATIONS OF THE EURO FOR UNIDO Report by the Director-General Reports on the budgetary, operational and financial aspects of the adoption of a single-currency system of assessment based on the euro, in compliance with decision IDB.21/Dec.8. CONTENTS Paragraphs Page Introduction .................................................................. 1 - 3 2 Chapter I. THE EURO............................................................ 4 - 7 2 II. ACTION TAKEN BY UNIDO ............................................ 8 - 9 2 III. SPLIT-CURRENCY SYSTEM OF ASSESSMENT ............................ 10 - 15 3 IV. OTHER ORGANIZATIONS .............................................. 16 - 17 4 V. THE ISSUE............................................................ 18 - 39 4 A. Replace schillings with euros under the split-currency system ................. 19 - 22 4 B. Introduce a euro-based single-currency system ............................ 23 - 39 5 VI. CONCLUSION......................................................... 40 8 VII. ACTION REQUIRED OF THE BOARD .................................... 41 8 Annexes I. Summary of major budgetary, operational and financial implications ................................... 9 II. Other organizations........................................................................ -
The Economic and Monetary Union: Past, Present and Future
CASE Reports The Economic and Monetary Union: Past, Present and Future Marek Dabrowski No. 497 (2019) This article is based on a policy contribution prepared for the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs of the European Parliament (ECON) as an input for the Monetary Dialogue of 28 January 2019 between ECON and the President of the ECB (http://www.europarl.europa.eu/committees/en/econ/monetary-dialogue.html). Copyright remains with the European Parliament at all times. “CASE Reports” is a continuation of “CASE Network Studies & Analyses” series. Keywords: European Union, Economic and Monetary Union, common currency area, monetary policy, fiscal policy JEL codes: E58, E62, E63, F33, F45, H62, H63 © CASE – Center for Social and Economic Research, Warsaw, 2019 DTP: Tandem Studio EAN: 9788371786808 Publisher: CASE – Center for Social and Economic Research al. Jana Pawła II 61, office 212, 01-031 Warsaw, Poland tel.: (+48) 22 206 29 00, fax: (+48) 22 206 29 01 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.case-researc.eu Contents List of Figures 4 List of Tables 5 List of Abbreviations 6 Author 7 Abstract 8 Executive Summary 9 1. Introduction 11 2. History of the common currency project and its implementation 13 2.1. Historical and theoretic background 13 2.2. From the Werner Report to the Maastricht Treaty (1969–1992) 15 2.3. Preparation phase (1993–1998) 16 2.4. The first decade (1999–2008) 17 2.5. The second decade (2009–2018) 19 3. EA performance in its first twenty years 22 3.1. Inflation, exchange rate and the share in global official reserves 22 3.2. -
EURO Based Currency Union: Motivation for Muslim Countries’ Economic Growth
www.ccsenet.org/ijbm International Journal of Business and Management Vol. 6, No. 3; March 2011 EURO Based Currency Union: Motivation for Muslim Countries’ Economic Growth Mohammad Naveed Ahmed Department of Business Administration & Tourism Management Yunnan University, Kunming, China E-mail: [email protected] Kanya Hemman Department of Business Administration & Tourism Management Yunnan University, Kunming, China E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In economics, a monetary union is a situation where several countries have agreed to share a single currency (also known as a unitary or common currency) among them, for example, the EURO currency. A currency union differs from an economic and monetary union, where it is not just currency but also economic policy that is pooled or coordinated by a region. This paper will look into the EURO currency based currency union to see whether it really improves the member countries economic performance or not, which might be the motivation for Muslim countries to organize a currency union for their growth. To do this research, the economic data are collected from the World Bank Development Indicators database. Keywords: Currency Union, EURO, Gold dinar 1. Introduction Currency union is adoption of a single currency by a bunch of countries. European Union (EU) has recently formed a currency union by adopting a single currency called euro. Dollar inflation is the primary economic motivation and compulsion to seek a European substitute for the dollar. Primary aim under European Monetary Union (EMU) was to guarantee a price stability through monetary policy conducted by independent European central bank (ECB) using a single European currency. -
Countries Codes and Currencies 2020.Xlsx
World Bank Country Code Country Name WHO Region Currency Name Currency Code Income Group (2018) AFG Afghanistan EMR Low Afghanistan Afghani AFN ALB Albania EUR Upper‐middle Albanian Lek ALL DZA Algeria AFR Upper‐middle Algerian Dinar DZD AND Andorra EUR High Euro EUR AGO Angola AFR Lower‐middle Angolan Kwanza AON ATG Antigua and Barbuda AMR High Eastern Caribbean Dollar XCD ARG Argentina AMR Upper‐middle Argentine Peso ARS ARM Armenia EUR Upper‐middle Dram AMD AUS Australia WPR High Australian Dollar AUD AUT Austria EUR High Euro EUR AZE Azerbaijan EUR Upper‐middle Manat AZN BHS Bahamas AMR High Bahamian Dollar BSD BHR Bahrain EMR High Baharaini Dinar BHD BGD Bangladesh SEAR Lower‐middle Taka BDT BRB Barbados AMR High Barbados Dollar BBD BLR Belarus EUR Upper‐middle Belarusian Ruble BYN BEL Belgium EUR High Euro EUR BLZ Belize AMR Upper‐middle Belize Dollar BZD BEN Benin AFR Low CFA Franc XOF BTN Bhutan SEAR Lower‐middle Ngultrum BTN BOL Bolivia Plurinational States of AMR Lower‐middle Boliviano BOB BIH Bosnia and Herzegovina EUR Upper‐middle Convertible Mark BAM BWA Botswana AFR Upper‐middle Botswana Pula BWP BRA Brazil AMR Upper‐middle Brazilian Real BRL BRN Brunei Darussalam WPR High Brunei Dollar BND BGR Bulgaria EUR Upper‐middle Bulgarian Lev BGL BFA Burkina Faso AFR Low CFA Franc XOF BDI Burundi AFR Low Burundi Franc BIF CPV Cabo Verde Republic of AFR Lower‐middle Cape Verde Escudo CVE KHM Cambodia WPR Lower‐middle Riel KHR CMR Cameroon AFR Lower‐middle CFA Franc XAF CAN Canada AMR High Canadian Dollar CAD CAF Central African Republic -
ANNEXURE I (Para 1.8)
69 ANNEXURE I (para 1.8) Summary of detailed events in the run up to the EMU and EURO 1988 EMU Committee established (Delors Committee) 1989 Stage I of EMU begins with the publication of the EMU Report. 1992 The Treaty of European Union is signed at Maastricht. Inter-alia the treaty lays down the convergence criteria for EU members to join the EMU 1993 Treaty on European Union (Maastricht Treaty) ratified by member states. 1994 Stage II of EMU begins with the establishment of the EMI in Frankfurt. End of 1996 The Council reports that the convergence criteria have still not been achieved for January 1, 1997 to be the first possible date for launch of Stage III. March 25, 1998 The European Commission and the EMI recommend an 11-member EMU launch at Stage III in view of the high degree of sustainable convergence achieved by these countries. May 2, 1998 The council adopts recommendation for the 11-member EMU; appoints the ECB Executive Board and decides to adopt current central parities for fixing irrevocably, parities for the currencies of the EMU participants. January 1, 1999 Stage III A of the EMU. Euro will become a legal currency of EMU countries. The exchange rates of the currencies of participating states will be irrevocably locked; the value of ECU will be determined and converted to euros at the rate of 1:1. The ECB and ESCB will take control of the monetary policy. Open market operations, new public debt issues and foreign exchange payments will be in euros. Stock exchange quotes will be in euros. -
Financial Market Volatility - the Austrian Case
- 153 - Financial market volatility - the Austrian case Richard Mader Introduction The origins of price movements in speculative markets have been at the centre of academic and market research for a long time. Excessive swings in financial asset prices - like the fall in stock prices in October 1987 and 1989 or the recent pronounced changes in bond prices - have caused market participants and regulators both to become concerned. Moreover, the dramatic growth of derivatives activity has set off a debate about the effects of derivatives on financial market volatility. In recent years the Austrian financial markets have undergone profound changes in line with international trends. The international liberalisation and deregulation of the 1980s resulted in a number of important reforms also in Austria. The last remaining capital controls were lifted step by step between 1989 and 1991, accompanied by a fundamental revision of the system of foreign exchange regulations. Considering that in an environment of liberalised capital movements, a high quality standard of the financial market is the prerequisite for its development potential, the financial framework was adjusted accordingly. Moreover, a consistent policy of exchange rate stabilisation such as the one pursued for years by the Oesterreichische Nationalbank requires efficient financial markets. The legal framework has largely been harmonised to international standards and investor protection was reinforced by introducing comprehensive disclosure requirements. Issuing and trading techniques were improved on the bond as well as on the equity market. To cite an example, the sale- by-auction method, which is in line with international practice, was adopted for federal government bond issues.1 The foundation of the Austrian Futures and Options Exchange (Österreichische Terminbörse (ÖTOB)) provided investors with new investment products and improved risk management options. -
Pierre Werner, a Visionary European and Consensus Builder’, in Dyson, K
Pierre Werner, A Visionary European and Consensus Builder1 Elena Danescu, University of Luxembourg Panel on ‘Architects of the euro’, EUSA, Miami, May 2017 Chair: Amy Verdun; Discussant: Erik Jones Abstract As prime minister and finance minister of Luxembourg over 30 years, Pierre Werner played a major role in the building of a united Europe. He gained a strong reputation as a trustworthy consensus-builder between larger powers (Germany and France) and between diametrically opposed positions (‘economists’ and ‘monetarists’), as well as for his ideas on monetary integration. From the early 1950s, Werner advocated a European monetary system based on a currency unit and on a clearing house for central banks. In 1968 he delivered a clear roadmap to EMU, founded on a symmetrical economic and monetary union, with political union as the ultimate goal. Werner’s vital contributions, notably the ‘effective parallelism’ principle, were evident in the Werner Report of 1970, which was offered as the blueprint for EMU in the EU. Based on original sources, this chapter highlights Werner’s contribution as architect of EMU in a threefold way: intellectual contribution, negotiation methods, and consensus building. Key words Pierre Werner; Werner Report; Economic and Monetary Union; euro; supranational institutions; consensus; small states; Luxembourg 1 A version of this paper has recently been published as Danescu, E. (2016) ‘Pierre Werner, A Visionary European and Consensus Builder’, in Dyson, K. and Maes, I., eds., Architects of the Euro. Intellectuals in the Making of Monetary Union, Oxford: Oxford University Press, chapter 5. 5 INTRODUCTION Pierre Werner (1913–2002) was an economist and a lawyer, a politician and a diplomat, and a leading player in the building of a united Europe, in particular in monetary integration.