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(Planten) Stam : Embryophyta (Landplanten) Klasse

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(Planten) Stam : Embryophyta (Landplanten) Klasse Wilg Rijk : Plantae (Planten) Stam : Embryophyta (Landplanten) Klasse : Spermatopsida (Zaadplanten) Clade : Bedektzadigen Orde : Malpighiales Familie : Salicaceae (Wilgenfamilie) Soorten in Algemene Nederland Kruipwilg/ kenmerken Soorten natte duinvallei Ecologie op het Groene Strand Het geslacht Salix omvat ongeveer driehonderd soorten waarvan er een tiental in Nederland voorkomt. Amandelwilg (Salix triandra) Bittere wilg (Salix Soorten op het purpurea) Groene Strand Boswilg (Salix caprea) Geoorde wilg (Salix aurita) Bittere wilg Grauwe wilg (Salix cinerea Geoorde wilg subsp.cinerea) Katwilg (Salix viminalis) Grauwe wilg Kraakwilg (Salix fragilis) Katwilg Kruipwilg (Salix repens) Kruipwilg Laurierwilg (Salix pentandra) Schietwilg Schietwilg (Salix alba) Moeraswilgen - Griendwilgen Algemene kenmerken Wilg (Salix) - Familie (Salicaceae) Bomen of struiken, 2-huizig. Bladknoppen en katjes omhuld door 1 knopschub Blad, rond tot lijn- lancetvormig, Takken zonder eindknop Katjes verschijnen voor, tegelijk met of na het blad Bloeiwijze 1-slachtige bloemen, 1 of 2 honingklieren Mannelijke bloemen,2 of meer meeldraden. Vrouwelijke bloemen, bovenstandig, 1 hokkig vruchtbeginsel met 2-4 stempels Vrucht een 2-4 kleppige doosvrucht Zaden met haarkuif Grote lichtbehoefte Levensduur: enkele 10-tallen tot 100 jaar Bloei: april - mei Vochtige, voedselrijke bodem Belangrijke leverancier van stuifmeel Vermeerdering door zaad of stekken. Katjes Ecologie Pioniersplanten Standplaats: Vochtig Grote lichtbehoefte Wortels maken de grond luchtig, humusvorming van blad- en takafval zorgt voor geschikt grond opvolgers successie. Neemt in de schors veel water op. Vochtige atmosfeer en voedselrijke schors biedt mossen en korstmossen belangrijk overlevingsgebied. Biedt voedsel aan groot aantal insecten en gallenvormers. Diverse solitaire bijen afhankelijk van bloeiende wilgen Aantal plaagsoorten is navenant groot. Gastboom voor Wilgenhoutrups Korstmossen Gallen Bittere wilg (Salix purpúrea) • Hoge breed uitgroeiende struik • Bloeitijd begin lente, katjes verschijnen eerder dan het blad • Dunne stam, gladde bast, twijgen geel • Blad lijn-lancetvormig, tegenoverstaand, • breedst dicht bij de top • Katjes rolrond • Licht minnende pionier • Overstroomde gebieden, duinvalleien Geoorde wilg (Salix Aurita) • Lage struik, bloei begin lente, katjes en bladeren gelijktijdig. Kroon bolvormig. • Twijgen en knobschubben ijl behaard, spoedig kaal en glanzend bruin. Oudere twijgen vertonen lijsten net als de Grauwe wilg. • Blad klein, omgekeerd eirond, gezaagde rand, gootvormige topspits • Naar verhouding groot niervormig steunblad. • Katjes eivormig, klein, 1 honingklier • Zand- en veenstreken, zuurdere grond. Grauwe wilg (Salix cinerea) • Hoge of lage struik, katjes bloeien vroeg in het voorjaar en verschijnen voor de bladeren. • Kroon vormt een vlakke bovenkant • De schors blijft glad. Jonge twijgen, knopschubben en jonge bladeren grijsviltig. • Blad 3x zo lang als breed, naar de top toe zwak gekarteld en spits, steunblaadjes niervormig. • Helmknoppen steenrood • Moerassige standplaatsen, tamelijk voedselrijke grond, groeit ook in stilstaand water in de volle zon Katwilg (Salix cinerea) • Bloeitijd begin lente, katjes verschijnen eerder dan het blad • Dunne stam, gladde bast, twijgen geel, oudere exemplaren dikke stam, gegroefde bast • Bladeren gaafrandig, lancetvormig, rollen naar beneden toe om, verspreid staand lancetvormige steunblaadjes blijven niet lang aanwezig. • Katjes rolrond, lange haren aan de top van de schutbladeren • Gebonden aan zonnige standplaats, • groeit in wilgenbossen alleen aan de rand Kruipwilg (Salix repens) • Dwergstruik, lage heester, in of over de grond kruipende stam • Bloei in de lente, tijdens de bloei ontluiken de bladeren • Blad omgekeerd eirond tot lancetvormig, aanvankelijk aan 2 zijden dicht zijdeachtig behaard. Later glanzend aan bovenzijde. • Kleine katjes, elke bloem 1 honingklier • Sterke vegetatieve vermeerdering op plekken met hoge grondwaterstand • Standplaats verspreid door heel Nederland, met name in de duinen en op strandvlakten Schietwilg (Salix alba) • Hoge boom, smalle, peervormioge kroon. Hoge stam die in de stam doorloopt. Gegroefde schors • Bloei midden lente, katjes en bladeren verschijnen gelijktijdig. • Bladeren lancetvormig, fijngezaagd, beide zijden lichtbehaart, wigvormige voet. • Katjes slank en rolrond • Verdraagt langdurige overstroming en vrij veel schaduw • Veel toegepast in grienden Van wie ben je er eentje? Kruipwilg in natte duinvalleien Dwerg struik, met over de grond kruipende stam Sterke vegetatieve vermeerdering Kiemt op plekken met een hoge grondwaterstand. Ook op strandvlakten zodra het zand ontzilt is Na kieming verdere groei sterk gestimu- leerd door overstuiving met zand. Bij het droger worden van de valleien houden ze goed stand in een licht stuivende omgeving. Zeer gevarieerde levensgemeenschap door langzame vertering strooisel kruipwilg. Bijzondere soorten in de natte duinvalleien Addertong Moeraswespenorchis Ratelaar Rond Wintergroen Verantwoording: Nederlandse Oecologische Flora, o.a. Drs. E.J Weeda Heukels Flora van Nederland Leve de knotwilg., Ton Lammers Fotos:/Tekeningen Loofbomen in Nederland en Vlaanderen door Leo Goudzwaard www.bomenkennis.nl Wikipedia Wikipedia Wim/Marian Klok.
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