The Politics of Social Media Facebook: Control and Resistance Master thesis Name: Marc Stumpel Student number: 5850002 Email:
[email protected] Date: August 16, 2010 Supervisor: Dr Thomas Poell Second reader: Dr Geert Lovink Institution: University of Amsterdam Department: Media Studies (New Media) Keywords Facebook, Network-making power, Counterpower, Framing, Protocol, Tactical Media, Exploitation, Open-source, Agonistic Pluralism, Neodemocracy Abstract This thesis examines the governance of contemporary social media and the potential of resistance. In particular, it sheds light on several cases in which Facebook has met with resistance in its attempt to exercise control. This social networking site has raised concerns over privacy, the constraints of its software, and the exploitation of user-generated content. By critically analyzing the confrontations over these issues, this thesis aims to provide a framework for thinking about an emerging political field. This thesis argues that discursive processes and (counter)protocological implementations should be regarded as essential political factors in governing the user activities and conditions on large social networking sites. A discourse analysis unveils how Facebook enacts a recurrent pattern of discursive framing and agenda-setting to support the immediate changes it makes to the platform. It shows how contestation leads to the reconfiguration and retraction of certain software implementations. Furthermore, a software study analyzes how the users are affected by Facebook‘s reconfiguration of protocological assemblages. Several tactical media projects are examined in order to demonstrate the mutability of platform‘s software. 2 Foreword My inspiration for this thesis came largely from the thought-provoking discussions in the New Media and the Transformation of Politics course.