International Conference on Chemical, Agricultural and Medical Sciences (CAMS-2014) May 2-3, 2014 Antalya (Turkey)

In-Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Bunium Persicum and Mentha Longifolia against Bacillus Subtilis and Staphylococcus Aureus

Ghderi PGhderi P*, Ahmadi R, Balkanyian F, Moridikyia A, Mahdavi E, and Tavakoli P

the bacteria can produce oval endospores that can stay dormant Abstract— There are considerable studies indicating tohat many for extended periods [4]. herbal extracts have antibacterial effects. The main aim of this study On the other hand, the plant genus Mentha belongs to the was to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of hydroalcoholic family Lamiaceae (Labiatae), and consists of about 25-30 solution of Bunium persicus and Mantha longifolia extract against species, most of which are found in temperate regions of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Bunium persicus and Eurasia, Australia and South Africa [5]. The oils of Mentha Mantha longifolia extracts were assayed for antibacterial activity by longifolia are known to contain numerous monoterpenoids agar well diffusion and agar dilution methods in order to determine the zone diameter of inhibition compared with tetracycline zone diameter with piperitone oxide, piperitone, piperitenone, pulegone, of inhibition as control. The extracts showed antibacterial activity d-limonene, carvone, menthone, βcaryophyllene, 1,8-Cineole, against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus . The results and menthol as dominating compounds; however, a indicate the antibacterial use of the studied plants for the treatment of chemogeographical variation has been observed in essential oil Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus infection. composition of this species [6]. Mentha longifolia (mint) was originally used as a medicinal herb to treat stomach ache and Keywords— Antibacterial activity, Bunium persicus, Mantha chest pains, and it is commonly used in the form of tea as a longifolia, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus. home remedy to help alleviate stomach pain. Mint tea is a diuretic [7],[8] substance. However, various biological I. INTRODUCTION activities for some species of Mentha have been reported TAPHYLOCOCCUS Aureus is a bacterium that is a including antibacterial [6],[9], antifungal [10], and insecticidal Smember of the Firmicutes, and is frequently found in the properties [11]-[13]. Bunium persicum is a plant species in the human respiratory tract and on the skin. S. aureus can survive family Apiaceae formerly included in genus Carum. It is from hours to weeks, or even months, on dry environmental related to cumin (Cuminum cyminum). The closely related surfaces, depending on strain [1]. S. aureus infection is a species Bunium bulbocastanum, which is used as a spice and as worldwide problem in clinical medicine [2]. a vegetable, and commonly called great pignut, black zira, or Bacillus subtilis is the best-characterized member of the earthnut, was formerly considered to be a synonym of B. Gram-positive bacteria [3]. Ubiquitous in nature, Bacillus persicum [14]. includes both free-living (non-parasitic) and parasitic In our study, we investigated the in vitro antibacterial pathogenic species. Under stressful environmental conditions, activity of Bunium persicum, Mentha longifolia extract against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus.

II. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ghaderi Parvin (*corresponding author) is with Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University Adult male Wistar rats weighting 200±30g were purchased of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (e-mail: [email protected]) and raised in our colony from an original stock of Pasteur Rahim Ahmadi (PhD) is with the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic 0 Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, Hamedan, Iran. (e-mail: institute (Tehran, Iran).The temperature was at 23±2 C and [email protected]). animals kept under a schedule of 12h light: 12h darkness with Farzaneh Balkanyian (MSc student) is with Department of Microbiology, free access to water and standard laboratory chow. Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran (e-mail: [email protected]). The plant materials used in this study consisted of Bunium Abdullah Moridikyia (MSc student) .Science Biology Research Center, Imam persicum and Mantha longifolia extract. The fully dried plant Hussein University, Tehran ,Iran (email: [email protected]). materials were ground into fine powder, and stored in a sterile Edris Mahdavi is with Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, glass bottle at room temperature. 20% ethanolic solution of the Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran.(e-mail: [email protected]). extracts were prepared and used in our study. Parisa Tavakoli (MSc student) is Young Researchers Club, Department of Antibacterial activity was determined by agar well diffusion Biology, Islamic Azad University, Eslamshahr Branch, Eslamshahr, Iran (e-mail: method. Sterile Mueller-Hinton agar plates (30 ml per plate) [email protected]) were prepared. Three wells (each of 6 mm diameter) were bored on the surface of the agar media on each plate. 20 μl of

http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/IICBE.C514075 34 International Conference on Chemical, Agricultural and Medical Sciences (CAMS-2014) May 2-3, 2014 Antalya (Turkey) each extract was dropped into each appropriately labelled well. [4] Madigan M; Martinko J (editors). Brock Biology of Microorganisms (11th ed.). 2005. Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-144329-1. Tetracycline (20 μg/disc) was used as the control. The [5] Lange BM, Croteau R. 1999. Genetic engineering of essential oil inoculated plates were allowed to stand at room temperature for production in mint. Current Opinion in Plant Biotechnology 2: 139-144. 45 min to allow the diffusion of the extracts into the agar to http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5266(99)80028-4 [6] Oyedeji OA, Afolayan AJ. 2006. Chemical composition and antibacterial proceed before growth of the organism commenced. The plates activity of the essential oil isolated from South African Mentha longifolia were incubated at 35°C for 24 h. The assessment of (L.) subsp. capensis (Thunb.) Briq. Journal of Essential Oil Research 18: antibacterial activity was based on measurement of the zone 57-59. diameter of the inhibition (ZDI) formed around the well. The [7] Natalie Stein. "Is Peppermint A Diuretic?". Livestrong.Com. Retrieved 2013-07-14. ZDI of extracts were compared to tetracycline zone diameter of [8] M.H. Dyer. "How To Make Mint Tea From The Plant". Livestrong.Com. the inhibition. Retrieved 2013-07-14. [9] Hajlaoui, H., A.F. Ben, M. Mejdi, E. Noumi, and A. Bakhrouf. 2010. III. RESULTS Effect of Mentha longifolia L. ssp longifolia essential oil on the morphology of four pathogenic bacteria visualized by atomic force The extracts showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus microscopy. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. 4:1122-1127. subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Zone diameter of the [10] Pavela R. 2005. Insecticidal activity of some essential oils against larvae of inhibition of Bunium persicum extract was more than the zone Spodoptera littoralis. Fitoterapia 76: 691-696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2005.06.001 diameter of the inhibition of tetracycline; however, zone [11] Lamiri A, Lhaloui S, Benjilali B, Berrada M. 2001. Insecticidal effects of diameter of the inhibition of Bunium persicus extract was less essential oils against Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say). Field Crops than the zone diameter of the inhibition of tetracycline. The Research 71: 9-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(01)00139-3 antibacterial activity of extracts was more against Bacillus [12] Saljoqi AUR, Afridi MK, Khan SA, Rehman S. 2006. Effects of six plant subtilis than Staphylococcus aureus. extracts on rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae L. in the stored wheat grains. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science 1 (4): 1-5. IV. DISCUSSION [13] Franzios G, Mirotsou M, Hatziapostolou E, Kral J, Scouras ZG, Mavragani-Tsipidou P. 1997. Insecticidal and genotoxic activities of mint The results of current research show that hydroalcoholic essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 45: 2690-2694. solution of Bunium persicum and Mentha longifolia extract has http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf960685f antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and [14] Bunium persicum information from NPGS/GRIN. www.ars-grin.gov. retrieved 2008-03-13. Staphylococcus aureus. In accordance with our findings, there are [15] Mkaddem, M., J. Bouajila, M. Ennajar, A. Lebrihi, F. Mathieu, and M. studies showing that Mentha extract (Mentha L. and Viridis) has Romdhane. 2009. Chemical composition and antimicrobial and antimicrobial effect [15]. Research show that the isolation of an antioxidant activities of Mentha (longifolia L. and viridis) essential oils. J. antimicrobial compound from M. longifolia leaves validates the use of Food Sci. 74:358363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01272.x this plant in the treatment of minor sore throat and minor mouth or [16] Al-Bayati, F.A. 2009. Isolation and identification of antimicrobial throat irritation [16]. Also, the essential oil of Mentha longifolia ssp. compound from Mentha longifolia L.. leaves grown wild in Iraq. Ann. has great potential of antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeasts Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob. 8:20 . [17]. Studies show that, various species of Mentha have been used as http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-0711-8-20 folk remedies for treatment of flatulence, anorexia, ulcerative colitis [17] Hajlaoui H, Snoussi M, Ben Jannet H, Mighri Z, Bakhrouf A. 2008. and liver complaints, due to their anti-inflammatory, carminative, Comparison of chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of Mentha longifolia L. ssp. longifolia essential oil from two Tunisian antiemetic, diaphoretic, antispasmodic, analgesic, stimulant, localities (Gabes and Sidi Bouzid). Annals of Microbiology 58(3): emmenagogue, and anticatharral activities [18]-[24]. In line with our 103-110. findings, there are other reports indicating the antibacterial effects of http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03175551 Bunium persicum. [18] Džamic, A.M., M.D. Sokovic, M.S. Ristic, M. Novakovic, S. Grujic-Jovanovic, V. Teševic, and P.D. Marin. 2010. Antifungal and V. CONCLUSION antioxidant activity of Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson (Lamiaceae) essential oil. Bot. Serb. 34:57-61 We have shown that Bunium persicus and Mantha longifolia [19] Mimica-Dukic, N., O. Gasic, G. Kite, L. Fellow, and R. Jancic. 1991. A extract has antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and study of the essential oil of Mentha longifolia growing in Yugoslavia. Staphylococcus aureus. The results indicate the antibacterial use of Planta Med. 57:83-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-960356 the studied plants for the treatment of Bacillus subtilis and [20] Hussain, A.I. 2009. Characterization and biological activities of essential Staphylococcus aureus infection. oils of some species of Lamiaceae. Ph.D. thesis, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. pp. 68-78 ACKNOWLEDGMENT [21] Gulluce, M., F. Sahin, M. Sokmen, H. Ozer, D. Daferera, A. Sokmen, M. Polissiou, A. Adiguzel, and H. Ozkan. 2007. Antimicrobial and We appreciate all who helped us to exert the present study. antioxidant properties of the essential oils and methanol extract from Mentha longifolia L. ssp. longifolia. Food Chem. 103:1449-1456 REFERENCES http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.10.061 [1] Cimolai N. MRSA and the environment: implications for comprehensive [22] Viljoen, A.M., S. Petkar, S.F. van Vuuren, and A.C. Figueiredo. 2006. control measures". Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2008, 27 (7): The chemo-geographical variation in essential oil composition and the 481–93. antimicrobial properties of “wild mint” – Mentha longifolia subsp. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-008-0471-0 polyadena (Lamiaceae) in southern Africa. J. Essent. Oil Res. 18:60-65. [2] Ogston A . "On Abscesses". Classics in Infectious Diseases". Rev Infect [23] Rasooli, I. and M.B Rezaei. Bioactivity and chemical properties of Dis. 1984, 6(1): 122–28. essential oils from Zataria multiflora Boiss and Mentha longifolia (L.) http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/6.1.122 Huds. J. Essent. Oil Res 2002.14:141-146 [3] F. Kunst, N. Ogasawara, I. Moszer, A. M. Albertini. The complete genome [24] Oyedeji, A.O. and A.J. Afolayan. 2006. Chemical composition and sequence of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Nature ,20 antibacterial activity of the essential oil isolated from South African November 1997; 390, 249-256 . Mentha longifolia (L.) L. subsp. capensis (Thunb.) Briq. J. Essent. Oil Res. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/36786 18:57-59.

http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/IICBE.C514075 35 International Conference on Chemical, Agricultural and Medical Sciences (CAMS-2014) May 2-3, 2014 Antalya (Turkey)

[25] Rahimi R, Shams-Ardekani MR, Abdollahi M. A review of the efficacy of traditional Iranian medicine for inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2010 Sep 28;16(36):4504-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v16.i36.4504

Parvin Ghaderi (corresponding author) is with Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/IICBE.C514075 36