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OBITUARY – TORBEN BJORN LARSEN

12th January 1944 – 21st May 2015

Nancy Fee and Steve Collins

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INTRODUCTION

Torben Larsen was a man who lived a full life and inspired and befriended many people. He was a multi- faceted man: scientist, lepidopterist, taxonomist, conservationist, economist, sociologist, author, raconteur, husband, brother and uncle. He had experience far beyond his 71 years, and had an unquenchable thirst for knowledge and discovery. He considered himself a citizen of the world and was a mentor to so many, sharing his love of Lepidoptera and the natural world with all those who shared his passion.

CHRONOLOGY

In his book “Hazards of Butterfly Collecting” (2003) Torben provided a brief chronology of his life: 1944 - I was born 12 January in Jægersborg, Copenhagen, Denmark. My sister Birgit was born in 1945, my brother Gunner in 1947. 1947 - I moved to Greece with parents, with my father working for UNRRA and then UNICEF, where he was one for the first full-time staff members. Already at this stage my father began stimulating a budding interest in Natural History and I even have quite specific memories of some butterflies. 1950 - I was sent to Denmark to begin my ‘academic career’, staying with my grandmother, who had a strong surplus of common sense. She thought that card games and chess were at least as important as school, and I am indebted to her for teaching me both. 1951 - The family moved to India where my father worked with UNICEF till 1963. I lived in New Delhi till 1954. Immediately on arrival the beauty of the many butterflies in our hotel garden hooked me on butterflies for life. Since 1951 I have rarely been out of reach of a butterfly net except in the office in London. 1954 - I was sent to boarding school in the Nilgiri Mountains in South India, a Danish missionary school located in Kotagiri, some 20 km from Ootacamund. A quarter of a century later, Dr. C. B. Williams – the world’s leading expert on butterfly migration – almost forced me to publish a paper on migration in the Nilgiris based on my records, recollections, notes, and letters from that time! 1958 - I had to move to boarding school in Denmark, spending four years getting my high school diploma. Butterflies were very thin on the ground, except during holidays in India. 1962 - Two years were spent in the Danish Army; it would have been possible to avoid this, but it seemed to be an interesting experience. It turned out to be an invaluable grounding for handling the freedom at a Danish University, and eight months’ pay as a lieutenant was also useful. 1964 - Six years were spent obtaining a MSc in Economics (cand. polit.), with maximum emphasis on development economics and population studies. Much of this time my parents were in Lagos, Nigeria, and in 1967 and 1969 I stretched university holidays to ridiculous limits (more than three months) and traveled as much of Nigeria as feasible during the so-called Biafra War. 1970 - On graduation I immediately took up a position as Social Demographer with the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF), based in Beirut. In 1971 I married Kiki Larsen (deceased 1989). During this time much field travel was undertaken to most Arab countries and beyond. We traveled extensively all over Lebanon and I wrote the book. Butterflies of Lebanon, 1974. 1975 - I transferred to the head office of IPPF in London, where I was based till I left the organization in 1984. I worked as a Senior Evaluation Officer and later as Deputy Director of the Evaluation Department, traveling extensively throughout the world, usually on four-week missions, which allowed for some butterfly collecting. Much of my spare time was devoted to butterfly research in Jordan, Oman, and Yemen, and several books and numerous papers on the Middle East and Arabia were published. 1984 - I took up a position as Coordinator of the DANIDA Heath Care Unit in New Delhi India. At the end of my two-year contract, I spent six months conducting a butterfly survey in my childhood haunts in the Nilgiri Mountains of South India and published a major paper on this. In December 1984 I successfully defended a doctoral dissertation on the Butterflies of the Middle East, with special emphasis on their ecology and their biogeographical significance, at the University of Copenhagen. . ii

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1987 - After leaving India, I moved in with my present wife, Nancy Fee, in London, deciding to work as a free-lance consultant to have more time for butterfly studies. I traveled very extensively for both reasons, especially with a view to writing the first-ever comprehensive book on the butterflies of Kenya, published in 1991 by Oxford University Press (Butterflies of Kenya and their natural history). I also spent two months in Egypt, resulting in my last contribution to Middle East butterflies, The butterflies of Egypt (1990). 1989 - Nancy took up a position in Gaborone, Botswana where we lived for about three years. We toured the entire country several times, while I had a considerable amount of consultancy travel to most parts of the world. A CD-ROM on Botswana butterflies is under preparation. 1993 - Working out of London, I began planning and field work in preparation for a book on the 1,500 butterfly species in West Africa, with the working title Butterflies of West Africa – origins, natural history, diversity, conservation. Between then and 1998 I spent well over twelve months in West Africa, and also visited many museums in Europe, the USA, and Nairobi. Unfortunately, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Guinea were effectively off limits, so most of my time was spent in Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria, and Cameroun. I also spent much time in Bangladesh as a health consultant for European Commission. I ended the fieldwork phase when calculating that I had walked the equivalent of the distance from London to Lagos in the best rainforests of West Africa. 1997 - After a number of medium-term consultancies, Nancy took up a position with the World Health Organization (WHO) in Manila, the Philippines, where we stayed for four years. During this period I spent chunks of time traveling out of London to both Africa and elsewhere in Europe for entomological research. 2001- Nancy transferred to UNAIDS in Bangladesh, where my EC consultancies had ended in 1999. I did intermittent butterfly collecting in Bangladesh and I am in the process of preparing an annotated checklist – there is not even the beginnings of such a list for one of the world’s largest countries, with a population of 140 million. 2003 - Nancy was just been transferred to Hanoi, Vietnam, which should be a most interesting posting for both of us. Nancy Fee has completed this chronology below: 2005 - Torben moved back to London to have more time working on his West African book, and access to the BMNH collection. Nancy visited Torben regularly in London from Vietnam, Indonesia and Jakarta. Torben’s major publication on the Butterflies of West Africa is published as a two volume publication, of text and plates. 2006–2012 - Torben living in London, working on his latest book, on the reorganisation of the African Hesperiidae genera. Torben continues to make regular visits to Kenya, West Africa, and museums in Europe. 2013–2014 - Torben was diagnosed with serious tuberculosis, and starts a nine month treatment programme in London. Torben’s planned visits to Nairobi and South Africa are put on hold. He continues to work on the Hesperiidae, with a draft manuscript that is eventually 2,700 pages. He is also putting together the revisions to Butterflies of West Africa. Torben is successfully cured of tuberculosis. Torben visited his sister in Denmark regularly basis. Nancy was in London in October 2014, and Torben was looking well. 2015 - Torben was feeling well, and moving to finalise his Hesperiidae manuscript. Nancy and Torben were discussing a visit to South Africa. Torben’s heart check-ups in London are going well. He plans to go to Denmark at the end of May 2015, for his sister’s 70th birthday, and to go to ABRI in Nairobi a few months later. Sadly, Torben passes away in London on the 21st May 2015. A memorial for Torben was held as part of the Lepidopterists’ Society of Africa annual conference on the 8th August 2015, in Pretoria, South Africa. The event is coordinated by Steve Collins, and Nancy Fee attends and appreciates the memorial at which the “Torben Larsen Memorial Tankard” is presented. Many wonderful memories of Torben are shared, and his life is celebrated. Torben’s family and friends in Copenhagen hold a memorial on the 22nd August 2015. Since his passing there have been a number of butterflies named after him, and several monographs on African butterflies have been dedicated to Torben. At a recent event a Ghanaian on gaining his doctorate dedicated it to Torben.

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TRIBUTES TO TORBEN LARSEN

Nancy Fee

Torben and I met nearly forty years ago, while we were both working at the International Planned Parenthood Federation in London. I was a young colleague, and Torben was an older and more senior. He was well respected at IPPF for his expertise in evaluation. He was also considered a bit of an eccentric for his “hobby” (aka obsession) of studying butterflies. Shortly after I arrived at IPPF, Torben had a bit of a tough moment with the Human Resources Department. He had been leading evaluation teams to various countries, and one of the team members had made a mild complaint. HR tried to explain to Torben that not everyone wanted to go on his butterfly hunting trips at the weekends – while they were in the middle of evaluating health programmes. As I recall, Torben couldn’t really understand this lack of interest, but did eventually agree to leave behind his evaluation team members if they REALLY were not interested in butterflies. But why wouldn’t they be interested in butterflies, right? We were at a meeting together in Dubrovnik, in the former Yugoslavia, about 1980. On my return, I found a large match box left on my desk, with a cocoon inside of it. No note, no explanation… but a slight whiff of pipe tobacco in the air. I called Torben, and he said yes, that this was from him. The cocoon was from Dubrovnik, and was about to hatch. He thought I would enjoy watching this. Well yes – but for a non-entomologist, it is a bit of a strange thing to find among office papers. After I told this story at the African LepSoc memorial to Torben, one of the members came up to me and asked – “yes, but what species was it?”. Well, that was 35 years ago, and I am afraid I don’t remember. The tributes to Torben have touched on many of his fine qualities and interests – a good Indian curry (usually cooked by him), and his sense of humour and kindness, especially to young people starting out in studying butterflies. Our careers eventually diverged from around 1990, as he worked on butterflies full time, and I moved into full time work with the UN on AIDS programmes. But we retained strong common interests in travel, working and living globally, current affairs – and good food. Our different nationalities and cultures were also a continuing issue between us, in a positive way. Many have mentioned that Torben was always a proud Dane. In English, his name meant “Bear of Thor/Tor”, the Nordic god of thunder and lightning. His middle name, Bjorn, was the Nordic for bear. So, my nickname for Torben was always Teddy. Whenever he saw red and white, he would remind me “Danish colours”, for the Danish flag. After we had been together some years, I decided it was time to challenge him a bit on this. The next time I saw red and white, I reminded Torben: Canadian colours. “Oh yes” he said, “these are your colours too. “ A few seconds later…”Our flag is older.” Sigh – he was never neutral about Denmark. He also reverted to being fully Danish when we were back in Denmark. Suddenly, the only possible food for lunch was open faced sandwiches – even for Christmas lunch. When eating lunch or dinner with friends, I assume I may eat what I liked, in any order I liked. Not in Denmark – I would experience a kick under the table, and a stage whispered, “eat the fish first”. I was back in Denmark, and the Danish rules applied. We always enjoyed our visits to Denmark – his family and friends were very kind, and cared for Torben very much. We were together as a couple for thirty years – a life time. Of course, there were good times, and some challenging times, as we all have in our relationships. Torben and I had such a shared history and experience. We always really liked and appreciated each other, and had a strong friendship. We communicated a lot, through letters in the early years, and then with very frequent e-mails. Torben was always his own person, with a fairly scruffy, “absent minded scientist” air about him, particularly regarding things he wasn’t much interested in. As Steve Collins mentions in his tribute, Torben’s needs were few, but very specific – booze, pipe tobacco, good food, BBC news, latest edition of the Economist – and lots of time to study butterflies. I often quoted an old Economist book review about Scandinavian assistance to East Africa to Torben: “the Scandinavians in East Africa are an endearing lot. With their sing-song Swahili, and quest for cold beer.” Yes, that’s Torben. Torben’s absent mindedness was always a good foil to play off against, and he appreciated a good joke. I once asked him to cook something Danish, and he made a whole package of dried lentils into Danish lentil soup. It turned out quite authentic, he told me – as he carefully packed away the excess into plastic boxes, put into our freezer in London. I was less impressed, being used to more spicy Indian dals. It took me a year to throw the stuff out, a bit at a time. He never caught on, and would have a look for the rest of it when he got back to London for a year or so. We were living in London when I had my 40th birthday. I asked him for 40 hours of his time, to spend as I wanted. He thought this was a great gift, nothing to buy, wrap, worry about if it was the right thing. He made a cheque book, with forty pages. He thought I was on about sex, I knew we were going to clean the flat together (Torben grew up with house servants, so cleaning was never his priority). Eventually, he asked me to check a reference on his computer, while he was at the Royal EntSoc library. I saw a file with my name on it, took a look – and low and behold, it was the file for making the cheques. I just printed a few more whenever I needed them. I think I kept the “cheque book” going for about three years, before I finally gave it up.

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The months since Torben’s death have been heart breaking – but made so much easier by all the warmth and tributes from his butterfly colleagues. At the African LepSoc memorial for him in August 2015 in Pretoria, I had the opportunity to meet many of the colleagues who Torben had spoken about with warmth over the past two decades. It was great to put faces to the names. Everyone’s kindness and thoughtfulness has meant a lot. And I especially appreciate the work that Steve, Sáfi, and others are doing to finish up the African Hesperiidae manuscript, and the revisions to the West African Butterflies book. Torben would so appreciate your efforts, and this work is a wonderful tribute to him. I hope that everyone can raise a glass to Torben, in memory of him as a man, and his work. Finally, a huge thank you to Steve Collins who has really seen me through the last months.

Steve Collins – ABRI, Kenya First met Torben more than 40 years ago at their house in Jackson’s Lane in London, a great Indian Curry (prepared by TBL) and several bottles of red wine made an indelible start to long friendship and professional butterfly acquaintance. In those early years Torben’s focus was Middle Eastern Butterflies but as he worked South (Yemen) the Afrotropical influence increased dramatically. The PhD in record time resulted in the ‘Butterflies and Saudi Arabia and its neighbours 1984. The book on the region (and so it remains today). By 1985 he was transferring his focus from the Middle East (6 books later). The Butterflies of Kenya and their natural history (OUP) 1991 (updated/expanded in 1996) here in began to make sense to align our (ABRI) research priorities with Torben’s work. He started by 1994 to work in Ghana and the foundations of the (WAB) Butterflies of West Africa started. The book was initially a 5-year project that ran to nearly 12 but we have records of drafts of the book over the years and the information grew exponentially, and so it still does post the publication. As has happened with all Torben’s works. If you have access to copy of this book read the text volume first 50 pages including the introductory part. It will give a much great insight into Afrotropical Butterflies and their fit in a global context. Torben calculated so much information that the cost of the book was less than one US cent per fact. What has happened in the 10 years since its publication is that some poorer known countries (limited access due to political uncertainty) have been accessed, and Torben was planning a second edition (like he did with Kenya book 5 years later) together with Sáfián Szabolcs and hopefully Safi will take this through to its conclusion (with our support of course). During the duration of WAB, Torben spent some 6 months at ABRI (and the plates were largely done here). Torben really did not need much in life, a supply of pipe tobacco, (he ran at least 3 pipes) a steady supply of beer, whisky and hooch and tons of butterflies (the more the merrier). Torben worked 12-14 hour days (7 days a week), and he did not hold big collections of his own but would happily go off with 200 hundred or more butterfly bodies to do dissections on, in addition to a continual stream whilst here in Kenya. Once WAB was finished and there had been some major concerns on his health (A heart pacemaker was fitted, and he based himself out of Nancy Fee’s London flat where he had access to the Natural History Museum collection) (London the world’s biggest butterfly holdings) providing access to the European Museums with regular visits to Nairobi. The next project was the revision of the Afrotropical Skippers (Evans 1937) and (Holland 1904) prior to that. We, African Lepidopterists, are few in number and no one could take on this Herculean task better than TBL. He took a couple of years to accept the challenge and always wanted it as a work in progress as he was increasingly aware of his wavering health. He really did burn the candle at both ends. He inspired others to work on different aspects Cock/ Congdon and Bampton on the life histories. Michel Libert on the revision of the Celaenorrhinus group (Flat Winged Skippers) which is being incorporated into the TBL manuscript. It is our obligation to see that this work is completed as a tribute to Torben. His Hazards of Butterfly Collecting’ Cravitz 2004, a sequence of mostly amusing stories of butterfly experiences around the Torben at the ABRI collection world. (our copy is so dog-eared that it had to be rebound). I asked someone the other day which they enjoyed the best about this collection of tales. The recall was of bait that we use to attract certain groups of butterflies. Torben had pee’d in Johnny Walker whisky bottles which were in his car whilst working on the Kenya book. His car was broken into and the bottles removed. He would have loved to see the new owners’ expression as they tasted the first tipple!

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In our copy of the Hazards book he inscribed – there should have been one about working at ABRI dated 28.x.2004. This happened in Abantis eltringhami skipper extraordinary – Cameroon. We had been doing a revision of the Genus Abantis and there was one extraordinary specimen in the Lord Rothschild collection – a singleton quite unlike any other African skipper. Duly a search warrant was sent out with photographs and a substantial reward offered for the discovery of another specimen. A month later a claim came in and the resulting specimen was an Arctiid moth with skipper head firmly attached. The claimant was duly discounted from further services but a month or two later the required specimen miraculously appeared, now the questions surrounding this skipper have been well understood, and as the sad announcement of Torben’s passing came about we were in the final throes of describing another new Abantis. Torben was due in Kenya for 3 weeks from mid-July this year. Sadly he will never see the thousands of specimens that have been incorporated since his last visit December 2013. He would have been like a kid in a candy store surrounded by so much new material. We described dozens of species together and Torben’s papers number over 300 as well as many books (see full list later on). He literally wrote the book of the geography that he worked in. He inspired people of all ages to go that extra mile, he never had time for small talk and saw the bigger picture. But the biggest unsung hero of his success was Nancy his wife, and although they lived on different sides of the world they remained good friends, but like many of us men we never know how to say thank you… We would like to thank you, Nancy, for supporting such a great man and for creating an enabling environment for him to work in. Torben go well, you have left many protégés behind, who will continue the work with your vision. You left the world too soon but even if you had lived to be a hundred you would not be finished. No one else has ever had a Genus Torbenia (Libert) species larseni (Stempffer) named after them and is likely to remain as unique as the man himself.

Alain Coache – France Merci pour ton message.... Toute mon équipe se joint à moi pour ce grand moment de tristesse. Quelle tristesse !!! Je pleure tout seul dans mon labo ..... Je comprends maintenant pourquoi je n'avais plus de nouvelle depuis le 18 mai au soir...... quelle catastrophe pour la science ..... Je voulais t'appeler Steve afin de savoir ce qu'il se passait. Je n'ai pas osé..... Pourras-tu transmettre mes très sincères condoléances à sa famille et lui dire que nous perdons un des plus grands hommes au niveau entomologique...... je ne sais quoi dire d'autres... il va vraiment manquer à tous..... There is not a single day that we do not think of him ... our next book (Butterflies of Benin) will be dedicated to him. Torben intended to visit AC but poor health prevented him, and once his strength returned, he returned immediately to the salt mine.

Alan Gardiner Very sad and unexpected news about Torben, he will definitely be missed amongst all the butterfly fraternity.

Alan Heath: A sad day indeed and so sudden; he will certainly be missed, both as a scientist as well as a great character. I have met Torben a few times but more often by correspondence. My condolences go to Nancy and family.

Alf Curle and Chris Ficq – South Africa Our condolences to you and all those that knew Torben. Our thoughts go out to you at this sad time. Here in South Africa Torben will be sorely missed.

Bennie Coetzer: This was surely unexpected sad news. We met Torben 20 years ago in Kenya at the international conference, when André was only 10. Through the years we have met and talked with him several times, last time in Ghana (2011). E- mail communication was on-going as late as a few weeks ago. Definitely a great loss to all enthusiasts and the scientific community and he will be well remembered. Our condolences to his family and friends.

Bjarne Skule – Denmark Firstly, being a Dane, I have been aware of Torben for many, many years, and secondly I was able to help Torben out in the early days of computerisation. We have been in contact on and off for more than 30 years. The computer business was about a "letter head" for his West Africa butterfly program – to assist with fund raising – leading eventually to the great volumes on Western African butterflies published by Apollo Books.

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Also, I had a lot of correspondence with Torben, since in the years 1990 – 1995 I travelled several times to the Sultanate of Oman - where I discovered new records of butterflies – and I discussed these discoveries in detail with Torben.

Blanca Huertas – NHM, UK I am personally devastated with the news. It is indeed a great loss.

Colin Congdon – Tanzania/ UK I admired Torben for his great intellect, which he concealed behind a mild, almost diffident exterior. His work output was prodigious, and his writing was of a quality which put many native English speakers to shame. His mournful expression hid a fine sense of humour, and I never saw him lose his cool. He was a man of many talents, not least of which was his ability to produce a first class Thai curry! We shall miss him. Torben. He got about a bit, didn’t he? He even found me in my remote fastness high in the Udzungwa Mountains in southern Tanzania. We destroyed a bottle of whisky together one evening in November ‘92. I’ll miss his lugubrious expression, which concealed his puckish sense of fun – and of course his immense knowledge and experience.

Dave Edge – South Africa I had the privilege only once, in August 2012, to meet Torben in his ‘natural habitat’ of recent years – the butterfly collection at the Natural History Museum, London. He showed me some of his amazing work on the Afrotropical skippers and helped me with some photographs I was taking of Lepidochrysops specimens. His courtesy, friendliness and helpfulness to a relative stranger was a measure of the man. A few months later, in October 2012 as editor of Metamorphosis I received the first manuscript from him and my (rather steep) learning curve on what goes into producing taxonomic papers began. His work was, from first submission, fairly close to the final product. The only problems were trying to find adequately qualified peer reviewers! Subsequently there were six more papers, all of very high standard, and which were a pleasure to work with. Despite Torben’s massive workload, he was always willing to be a peer reviewer and he turned articles around in rapid order, with insightful and constructive commentary. The butterfly world is dreadfully impoverished from losing you, but your legacy of publications, mentorship, inspiration and friendship will live in our hearts and minds forever.

David Lees – University of Cambridge, UK I will greatly miss Torben Larsen both as a person and as one of greatest butterfly workers of all time. His New Year card 2015 (sent on 4th January) celebrated in characteristically effusive form his 439th publication, his passing of a million words on the skipper volume, the birth of Celaenorrhinus larseni,a butterfly shrouded baboon, and even toted his plans to update his monumental work Butterflies of West Africa. Much of that work which was written on an incredibly ancient laptop that somehow survived all his travels, and whose text he was generously willing to share in advance of publication. I have known Torben quite well since at least 1999 when we were together at a butterfly conference in Cape Town, but got to know him even better in 2012 when he was a frequent visitor to the butterfly collection in South Kensington that I was temporarily responsible for, and afterward would visit his flat in Coldharbour Lane, Brixton. Having an African meal of Red Red followed by a few beers and reminiscing about the Afrotropics with Torben was a great way to spend Torben Larsen in characteristic posture – Natural any evening. His sense of humour and his many stories History Museum, 9 July 2012. could liven up any meeting. He knew many of the great African butterfly workers, and could conjure up their personalities with ease. Torben's tremendous motivation against all personal odds towards great accomplishments is borne out by his unsurpassed literature legacy, probably much aided that he did not seem to care about such games as impact factors. Actually, Torben was round and round a very fine human being and I don't seem to remember he ever had a bad word about anyone. He was also a fine scientist and scholar, a more or less self-trained insect taxonomist. He had great perception of butterfly systematics from their morphology, but was perfectly willing to embrace the results of the molecular era, and had an insightful grip on their biology and biogeography. His works also prove he could also communicate this knowledge to any reader. He left us while he had much more to contribute.

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David Penney – University of Manchester, UK As an arachnologist in The Gambia, Torben’s monumental The Butterflies of West Africa opened up a wonderful new world to me. So much so that I decided to write my own Field Guide to Butterflies of The Gambia. During this project (2007-2009) I corresponded regularly with Torben, who was always happy to answer my questions or confirm my preliminary identifications, despite being so busy himself. I had always hoped to meet him one day to thank him in person. Sadly this never happened, but I am very grateful for his help and encouragement with my African Lepidoptera studies.

Dick Vane-Wright – UK An economist by training, when I first met him he was working for the International Planned Parenthood Federation. Sometime during the 1980s he was styled IPPF “Assistant Director, Evaluation Department”, while earlier he was “Social Demographer, Middle East and North Africa Office”. Clearly Torben had a calling not only for butterflies, but also people. In a way they combined, as his willingness to share and collaborate was always evident in his entomology. And always, somewhere, and surely key to his psyche even if they were “in the background” for most of us, there was a caring partner that he cared about – as Tarucus kiki and Kedestes nancy, among others, bear witness. So, despite having something of the nerd, Torben was most assuredly not one. Never. He saw the bigger picture, always – all butterflies, Lepidoptera, the biosphere, humanity. Had Torben died 25 years ago – always a possibility even then – one would have bemoaned not only his demise but also the tragedy of unfulfilled promise. And of course the loss of his monumental knowledge of African butterflies (surely the most accomplished specialist since Georges van Son), not to mention Arabia and SE Asia (in this respect a bit of a latter-day Dimitri Sevastopulo), is a tragedy. But at least we can now celebrate his life’s outstanding work. The monograph of butterflies of the Arabian Peninsula (Fauna Saudi Arabia, 1983), Butterflies of Kenya (1991/1996) and Butterflies of West Africa (2005) alone, even without the many other fine books and almost innumerable papers, is achievement beyond that of us lesser mortals. And still the promise of the African skipper monograph (to be completed posthumously, we do so very much hope). Such gifts create fundamental baselines for the future, as he so clearly understood and expressed in his prologue to “West Africa”. Torben’s passing does leave a terrible gap – but one at least partly filled by the heritage of his collected writings. Yet those who never met him will now never have the pleasure of butterfly conversation with this most affable, knowledgeable, warm and engaging man. Only those closest to him know what other qualities are also to be missed. Many, I would think. Gone from us, but never to be forgotten. A cliché, but correct. Torben will never be forgotten.

Dieuwko Knoop – Israel Rest in Peace my friend. Torben was an inveterate traveller

Dino Martins & Richard Leakey, Kenya Condolences for the loss of a very great man.

Dubi Benyamini – Israel London, 1st meeting, late 1970's My trips to London in the 1970's were dedicated to lengthy visits to the library of the Royal Entomological Society of London at 41 Queens Gate, South Kensington. Only there I could enjoy reading and photographing original 200 year-old, hand-painted books like Hübner 1812. One day the librarian told me: "do you know who is going to visit us today? It is Torben Larsen, the great researcher of Lebanon". On the same evening Kiki served us dinner at their house followed by a long butterfly-related talk with Torben till midnight. I still remember this blond, beautiful, young lady with sparks of naughtiness and happiness in her blue eyes. It was the 29.05.08 – Jerusalem – Tony Pittaway, Dubi and Torben beginning of nearly 40 years of friendship and fertile overlooking Temple Mount and Al-Aqsa mosque correspondence with Torben; I knew that every e-mail to him would be answered thoroughly and promptly.

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The Butterflies of Egypt From the 1980's we were working on the Egyptian butterflies: Benyamini, ‘Butterflies of the Sinai Peninsula’ (1983), and Larsen ‘Butterflies of Egypt’ (1990) Butterflies of the Middle East – 1st International Congress, 29.5 – 2.6.2008, in Jerusalem & Ramat Hanadiv, Israel. Torben was the key note speaker presenting: ‘Tropical Butterflies of the Levant’. While there, he participated in all three field trips, resulting in additional two articles; a) ‘Butterflies Seen on Mount Hermon 31.5.2008 - Oct. 2008’, (News of the Isr. Lep. Soc. 25: 6–8); b) ‘Hazards of Butterfly Collecting – A quick look at Pseudophilotes jordanicus‘ (Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation - June 2008). It was a hot day on 1.6.2008 in the desert of south Jordan when 31.05.08 Dubi, Torben and Tony on top of Mt Hermon (2000m) on the Syrian border we arrived to the foothills of Jebel Um-Adami, our starting point climb to the type locality of Ps. jordanicus at 1750m. Pale in appearance, Torben did not look to me in a good shape with his recently transplanted pacemaker to climb the mountain. I tried to convince him to wait for us in the car. But Torben insisted, so we climbed slowly for two hours, stopping frequently and Torben arrived at the habitat alive and enjoyed the rare view of this tiny blue. When we were sitting on top of the mountain, catching breath and looking far away to Northern Saudi Arabia below us, I took Torben's characterful close-up profile which appears in this volume – he was so exhausted, peaceful, happy and proud he could do it. But for me the real "Hazard" was keeping Torben alive on this life- risking adventure. Torben on top of Jebel Um-Adami, South Jordan, All of us who met him and corresponded with him are already looking south to Northern Saudi Arabia part of Torben Larsen's great legend.

Claude Joly – Belgium With regards to Torben Larsen, his contribution to the knowledge of the African fauna will remain undisputable, a fabulous work. An immense knowledge has gone away. Another loss, in addition to other major entomologists who passed away in the last few years. His books and publications are and will remain essential for anyone interested in the African and Middle-East butterfly fauna.

Eddie John – UK What an immense surprise and equally sad loss. I was in touch with him just 10 days ago when he responded in typically Torben fashion, and was about to get in touch with him again today. It will seem very odd not to receive any more drafts from him. (Eddie John always proof read Torben’s prepublications and enhanced them)

Erik Van Nieukerken – Netherlands TO NANCY. Yes, I have heard it, very sad. Please accept my condolences! I met Torben long ago at SEL congresses, but at the time we did not have real contact, but later I visited him in his (your) house in Hanoi, this was in 2001, when we had an ‘expedition’ into Vietnam. Since then I am sending him reprints, but otherwise we didn't have much contact because of our different fields of interest. Since I am not doing much with butterflies, I have no outstanding loans, collaboration or whatsoever. My former colleague Rienk de Jong (I am his successor) had much more contact, and as he recently told me: None of the three Danes I had lots of contact with are alive anymore, Ebbe, Niels and Torben. Torben left an enormous heritage with his many books on African and other butterflies, which will be used for many years to come.

Freerk Molleman – France/ India I am very sorry to hear of the passing of Torben. I met only this one time near Leiden in 2003, but we had a frequent warm e-mail contact, and my copy of his Butterflies of Kenya is my most worn-out book. I would like to contribute to your idea to dedicate an issue of Metamorphosis to him and to try to bring the book on skippers to a good end. I don’t have much competences in this area, but perhaps I could do some editorial work.

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Please let me know what I can do to make sure his enormous legacy is appreciated to the fullest, with sincere condolences.

Gary R. Feulner – UAE Torben Larsen "wrote the book" on Arabian butterflies – several books, in fact, intended for serious popular audiences, and two scholarly monographs. Butterflies of Oman (1982) and Butterflies of Saudi Arabia and its Neighbours (1984) remain the most authoritative pictorial references for Arabian butterflies generally, and they are likely to remain so for some time to come. The latter was based on his two monographs, one (in 1983) giving an account of each of the Arabian species and the other (in 1984) analyzing the biogeography of the Arabian butterfly fauna. Butterflies of Oman has been out of print for some time but, with the author's cooperation, it is available online via the DNHG and ENHG websites. Butterflies of Saudi Arabia and its Neighbours, published by Stacey International, is still available through The Natural History Museum in London. Torben was a Danish citizen but spent a number of childhood years in India, where his passion for butterflies was instilled. That passion gradually overtook his formal profession as a demographer working in the international sphere. In the 1970s he traveled widely in the Arab world, ultimately publishing on the butterflies of Lebanon and Egypt as well as Arabia, and earning his Ph.D. in 1984 with a dissertation on Butterflies of the Middle East. In the 1990s he turned his attention to Africa, producing in 2005 the monumental Butterflies of West Africa, covering nearly 1500 species. Along the way he found time to produce the many stories collected in the cult classic, Hazards of Butterfly Collecting (2004). It is as a student of African butterflies that he is currently best known, and at the time of his death he was at a late stage of completing what some would call the thankless task of reviewing African skipper butterflies (family Hesperiidae). But Torben never forgot Arabia and he remained, as an individual, one of the principal resources for Arabian butterfly studies, always welcoming to enquirers. He continued to keep an eye on reports from Arabia, and to offer his friendly critiques, guidance and (always) encouragement. He gently queried suspect conclusions (e.g., a record of the Small Copper Lycaena phlaeas from the Musandam) and enthusiastically endorsed unexpected but well-supported finds (e.g., isolated relict populations of the Arabian Grizzled Skipper Spialia mangan – coincidentally an African skipper – high in the mountains of northern Oman and the UAE). The DNHG's monthly newsletter, Gazelle, was on his reading list, and from it in 2014 he recognized the presence of the Cycad Cupid Chilades pandava, an Asian butterfly not previously known from Arabia. Torben Larsen in Yemen in the late 1970s, researching Butterflies His circle of professional friends and correspondents of Arabia. was exceptionally broad and the communications among them since his death are a testament to the influence of his intellect and personality. To all of them, his death seems untimely because, as so many have observed, in recent correspondence he was full of enthusiasm for his on- going (and ramifying) projects. Torben never returned to Arabia after publishing his studies here, and I made his acquaintance only rather late in both our lives, through correspondence in relation to new and rare species in the UAE and Oman, and commentary on a draft of his paper on the resilience of West African forest butterflies in the face of habitat destruction. So I never had the opportunity to meet him in person. As a result, the Torben Larsen I knew remained the youngish adventurer from the late 1970s in the photo on the book jacket of Butterflies of Saudi Arabia and its Neighbours (1984). But that photo captures very well the signature combination of diligence and irreverence that stayed with him throughout his life. It is the way I will always think of him, and I think he would be happy to know that.

Graham Henning We had been corresponding with Torben since the 1980’s. We first met at him in 1991 while he was working on his Butterflies of Botswana. He stayed with us for a few days and later wrote a piece for his Hazards of Butterfly Collecting titled “visiting the Hennings” which he published in Metamorphosis. In this article he made a few suggestions for us South Africans and I am sure he was pleased with the answers he got from the SABCA project. He was always considerate and willing to part with his knowledge and we kept in contact until his death. He would let me know if anything came up that I would be interested in, especially regarding my Acraea papers. When the DNA had been done which separated out Telchinia as a good genus he wrote to me saying that I had been right all along. Another time he wrote about the mating rituals of the Acraea that I had described in one of my papers, telling me he had seen it in another nymphalid genus.

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He sent me information and photos, such as the specimens in the Natural History Museum of the Angolan Metisella meninx, which he thought I would be interested in. I respected his opinion above most others. His books have been of great value to our research and his memory will be rekindled every time we use them, and his sound advice and speedy responses to our queries will be missed.

Haydon Warren-Gash – UK (ex Ambassador) Very sad. I don't think I took in how ill he must have been. We were corresponding very recently about his Abantis revision and my aspirations on Mylothris. He had his faults (don't we all) but he did a heck of a lot on Afrotropical butterflies and he helped a lot of people along the way, including me. I will miss him.

J. Hein Boersma – Netherlands Only last week I was in London and stayed two days with Torben. He seemed cheerful and had all sorts of plans for the future. Although he did not look very well I had no reason to suspect he would pass away so soon. It is a very sad day for all of us!! Torben somehow glued us all together. I will miss him dearly.

Herbert Otto It is with great sadness that I write about Mr. Torben Larsen's passing. He was a legend. Although I have not met Mr. Larsen personally, his passion for butterflies were obvious in his many books. Gratefully I could quote him in 'Butterflies of the Kruger National Park and surrounds' when he found several butterfly larval host plants not recorded before but mentioned in 'Butterflies of the Okovango Delta', 'Butterflies of Kenya' and 'Butterflies of West Africa'. When contacting Mr. Larsen I only had very enthusiastic and supportive advice from him since moving to Oman. On voicing my intention to update his book 'Butterflies of Oman' (1980) he supported me whole-heartedly and keenly sent me names of people to contact and places to visit. Of this I am very warmly appreciative. On finding butterflies in Oman at places that were not recorded before he was very thorough and professional and wanted set specimens to confirm the butterfly's identity. Euchrysops osiris was identified in the dry north of Oman in Sohar. This is approximately 850 north of Dhofar - the nearest region it was known from before. Mr. Larsen was very pleased and enthused. Unbeknown to myself, among all his passionate work on the Hesperiidae of Africa he found time to initially edit this article on Euchrysops osiris and also co-author it. When in Oman I could not get hard copies of his books 'Butterflies of Oman' and 'Butterflies of Saudi Arabia and its neighbours' sent to the country. A gracious family member eventually found both hard copies in London which she mailed to me. Mr. Larsen subsequently kindly sent me a note to put into the front cover of each book. His kind thoroughness and matter-of-factness reflected his strong passion for the butterflies he devoted his life to. Mr. Larsen leaves a great void of passionate knowledge to be filled. Thank you for this opportunity to bring him honour. He will be sorely missed. In sad memory of a great man with a passion for butterflies.

Hermann Staude Very sad news indeed. We have lost an icon of African Butterfly Research. My condolences to the family.

Hideyuki Chiba – Hawaii, USA It is really too sudden. I was expecting some material from him and wondering why it didn't come - yes, he was so efficient. Though I had no chance to meet him in person, we have quite a few joint research projects left unfinished. If there's anything I can do for his unfinished work, I'll take it as my assignment from him. So, please let me know.

Ian Richardson – UK/ France I was very sorry to hear that Torben passed away. He has contributed so much to our knowledge of African butterflies. I never met him, but did have a few email conversations with him. His observations on the Neptis in East and West Africa will certainly be included in our review of the genus.

Jacqueline Miller – USA I am so sad to learn about Torben’s passing. This is such a shock for me as we knew him a very long time. For you, I know that this is especially difficult. Well, he enjoyed working with Lepidoptera and made so many significant contributions to our knowledge of Lepidoptera in so many places--- countries that now are unfortunately reduced to rubble. The leps help to keep us sane and enable us to look forward to accomplishing things and to the future. It is amazing.

James Stewart – UK I will miss the contact I had with Torben, he was always a stout supporter of anything butterfly related. Receiving an e-mail from him was always a good thing and raised interesting and well thought out topics. I hope my responses to these were of help to him.

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He stayed with Ann and I to visit us and my collection in 2009 after I first heard of his work on the African Hesperiidae and I have since been constantly amazed at the depth and passion that he put into this project. The amount of detail he has obtained and the number of hours he has put into this monograph is phenomenal. If he did the same for all the dozens of other papers, articles and books that he has written then I have no idea how he managed to fit in anything such as daily work! I constantly use his books and papers, especially the West African book (or WABook as he called it), and recently the ones on Yemen and Saudi Arabia. His contribution to our knowledge and taxonomy of the Afrotropical butterflies must be greater than any other author, particularly as he was an avid 'in the field' researcher and therefore able to experience and study butterflies accurately. We have lost an excellent ambassador to the study and appreciation of taxonomy and ecology and therefore to the natural world as a whole. I hardly knew him personally having met him only the once (and briefly at ABRI conference in Nairobi) but still considered him as a friend.

John Banks – Torben Larsen and a moment of history (Originally published in “Antenna”) It is hard to imagine Torben is longer with us. From his working retreat in Brixton south of the river, he has been coming for a jovial but mainly serious lunch here in Kentish Town for many years, ever since he left Hanoi. There would always be an update on his latest project and advice generously offered on any entomological problem, especially, on controversial topics such as the date of the origin of the butterflies.Our friendship goes back to 1996 when I approached him for help over our planned trip to Ghana to film its butterflies. When we came back and were looking through our footage there occurred a unique moment in the history of entomology. Torben thought he saw on the screen a species new to science. The butterfly became the first (and so far only) species ever to be formally described solely on the basis of film, and, after appropriate consultation, especially with his friend and colleague Jaques Hecq in Brussels, he named it Bebearia banksi. In the species list of the Cinebutterflies film of this field trip “Ghana’s other Gold” published as a video (in VHS) in 1998, the species appears with this footnote: Bebearia banksi, a new species, identified from this picture, and others filmed at the same moment, in Kakum National Park in December 1997: see Hecq and Larsen 1998 in Lambilionea XVlll, 3 Septembre1998 p 359 However the name did not stand for very long. Its swansong soon appeared. ‘The ‘Only Butterfly Named from Video Footage’ flew again, but this time in a regretful Footnote: In Torben’s definitive work “Butterflies of West Africa” [Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2005} a Note in the section on Bebearia determined its fate: “[the video of the species] showed a butterfly close to B. abesa but with a clearly convex forewing margin and significantly more blue gloss. It now seems we made a mistake. Compared with B abesa from Cameroon and the equatorial region, the taxon is clearly different. However the one on the video is probably typical of the B. abesa populations from west of the Dahomey Gap, and the Holotype species is actually from Cape Coast, Ghana - where Kakum is located. From Nigeria to Uganda the populations would seem to fall within ssp pandera Hecq. 1998. It is thus likely that the name cercestis Ward 1871 (TL ‘Cameroons’) is a senior synonym. Torben was certainly the expert on African butterflies for our time. But for me as a maker of films on butterflies designed to appeal to those outside the profession as well as earn the respect of those inside it, he was invaluable not just for his authority and experience but for the breadth and clarity of his views and the courage with which he expressed them. John Banks FRES www.Cinebutterflies.com 28 Patshull road London NW5 2JY

John Morrall – UK A great shock indeed……… what a huge loss…… I know you have been working closely with him on the Hesperiid project in particular so I’m sure you will be feeling pretty devastated by this, especially as so unexpected. My sincere condolences

Jon Baker – UK Like my brother Nick who has already contributed, I was brought up in Nigeria and developed a love of butterflies there. We collected in many of the best known sites in Nigeria, most Torben in Kakum, Ghana 2007 of which Torben wrote about: Oloke meji, Gambari, Omo, Okomu, Kagoro, Obudu, Zaria and Jos Plateau amongst others. I met Torben in 2003 or 2004, shortly after returning from The Gambia, my first visit to West Africa since 1986. A string of contacts on the subject of butterflies led Mike Newport to give me Torben’s email address; as he lived very near me in South London, and as he was working in

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Volume 26 METAMORPHOSIS ISSN 1018–6490 (PRINT) LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY OF AFRICA ISSN 2307–5031 (ONLINE) the BMNH (where I was helping curate the Baker family’s collection of Nigerian butterflies into the museum collection), we met It became a regular thing over the years until his passing away, and we became good friends. We would meet, normally in his flat in Brixton, where we would have dinner and a couple of bottles of Nigerian Star lager that I sourced, and discuss all sorts of stuff, but mostly around butterflies. In 2007 I joined him on a trip to Ghana where we spent a week at Bobiri together researching for the Bobiri 100 year study. I learned a lot, mush of which I was able to put to good use in Guinea-Bissau and The Gambia where I lived and worked for the next three years. My butterfly work was enhanced hugely by the species lists he had compiled whilst researching his West Africa book, and was constantly helpful and encouraging whenever I contacted him. If it wasn’t for his influence and encouragement I probably wouldn’t have found a new sub-species of Aphnaeus in Guinea-Bissau. When I heard the news I was hugely shocked and upset. It was almost as if a family member had died; in many ways he had become a father figure in terms of butterflies. I spoke at length with Steve Collins in Nairobi that day when we shared our grief. I had been due to visit Torben during the following couple of weeks for dinner, and felt for a long time that I wished we had arranged Torben with his chameleon to meet sooner – I still do, and I still miss him. He did a huge amount for butterfly knowledge at large, but especially in Africa. I hope the work he had been doing on African Hesperiidae for a monograph on the subject will see the light of day.

Julian Bayliss: Very sad news – a great loss of a great man. It was an honour to have known him. With kind regards and condolences to Nancy.

Jurate de Prins We shall all miss Torben, his candid sense of humour, openness and great concern about the butterfly issues in Africa, in collections and in the ICZN. I met Torben regularly during his visits in Tervuren, had the pleasure to assist him in photographing genitalia slides of species he was studying and corresponded quite regularly. Torben, Willy and me had several lunches and dinners together and a lot of talks on African Lepidoptera. If it might help I am attaching the draft written by Torben and me, which we decided not to publish at the end in order not to escalate the controversial attitudes in European Lepidopterology. However, the attached file might show his deep search for the truth which Torben followed.

Konrad Fiedler – Austria

Even though I had never met Torben Larsen in person, this is really VERY VERY sad news. Thanks for sharing, though this is on a tragic occasion.

Kwaku Aduse-Poku – UK/ Ghana Torben is gone for almost a couple of months and I am still to wake up with this reality. On a personal score, I have indeed lost a great friend and teacher. My first face-to-face meeting with Torben was in 2004 when I was on a TBA (Tropical Biology Association) field course in Kenya. He was then taking photos at ABRI for his famous Book, Butterflies of West Africa. We took a photo (attached) of our first meeting, which I have always cherished and guess I am going to treasure this photo, the more, now that he is gone. After our maiden meeting, our association grew stronger and thicker by the days and years, seeing us doing joint field work and Torben and Kwaku xiii

Volume 26 METAMORPHOSIS ISSN 1018–6490 (PRINT) LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY OF AFRICA ISSN 2307–5031 (ONLINE) even spending some days and nights together in his apartment in London. On these days, we will discuss almost everything including of course butterflies! Torben had great sense of humour and I would always remember him with this. He is the only person that I know of, who prefixes footballers’ names with Mr. which sometimes confused me of who is talking about. I remember one early morning, whiles staying over at his place in London, he came in with the Daily Newspapers and exclaiming, ‘Mr. Giggs is in trouble’. It was after I asked who Mr. Giggs was and what he has done, that I got to know he was referring to Ryan Giggs of Manchester United and his reported affair with his brother’s wife. I had the rare privilege of being told first hand by himself, many of his numerous adventurous stories captured in his book ‘Hazards of Butterfly Collecting’. His level of intellect and experience was impressive and I dare say, African lepidopterists have lost a walking encyclopaedia. When it comes to African butterflies, he and Steve (of ABRI) have always mesmerised me with their level of knowledge on the fauna in the region. I have learned so much from Torben and interestingly he was always willing to assist me whenever I needed him. He guided patiently in my career development as a butterfly researcher and on several instances, he had provided editorial assistance for my research articles and reports. It is a shame he had to pass on before my graduation from Cambridge. As a show of my deep appreciation of the role he has played in my career development, I have decided to dedicate my PhD thesis to him and his endearing memories.

Lars Ove Hansen – Norway Here are some pictures of Torben at the workshop in Ghana:

Marg & Mike Newport – UK Thank you for letting me know the very sad news about Torben passing away. I have to say I am shocked. He was one the greats of our time and will be very sadly missed.

Matthew Cock – UK Thank you for passing on the shocking news about Torben. I, like others, will miss him greatly – he was always ready to help, comment and share.

Michael Braby – Australia Thanks for letting me know, very sad news indeed. Please accept my condolences. I actually never met Torben but we corresponded quite a bit over the years, and I am acutely aware of his prolific output on butterfly systematics of Africa. I imagine he was still in the prime of his career.

Michael Pope – Kuwait My heart went ice cold when I received an auto e-mail from Torben’s mail address informing that he passed away in May… My sincere and heartfelt condolences and I know that he is and A new butterfly for Kuwait will be sorely missed.

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Torben provided a lot of information to me about the butterflies of Kuwait and encouraged me to publish a paper for the Western Pygmy Blue that I discovered in Kuwait in 2013. He assisted me on numerous occasions to identify a few butterflies that were a little challenging.

Michel Beaurain – France Really sad news! Never met him, but such a valuable man always answering emails ... A great loss for African entomology. I am choked and I guess you are ...

Michel Libert – France Very sad indeed, and so unexpected: I exchanged mails with Torben exactly two weeks ago…As he often did, he asked questions about a few specimens in my collection (in that case, Abantis), and commented my answers; he was working hard, may be too hard, but nothing suggested a problem, let alone a serious one. We will miss him and he will be missed even more by the African entomology.

Michel Pierson – Belgium J'ai bien reçu la triste nouvelle. Je n'avais rencontré Torben que quelques heures chez toi, une année, mais il m'avait laissé l'impression de quelqu'un de très passionné. Je sais que tu avais de très bonnes relations avec lui et suis certain que sa disparition t'affecte particulièrement. Sincères condoléances.

Michiel Thijssen – Holland/ Denmark I am the person responsible for publishing titles in biology (and other disciplines) at Brill in Leiden, the Netherlands. I received the below message through Peder Skou, until recently a publisher of entomology books including Torben Larsen’s ‘The Butterflies of West Africa’. Since Brill took over the rights to all English-language titles that Apollo Books had published or was expecting to publish at the end of 2012, Brill has been keeping stocks of the books and was also expecting publication of the ‘Revision of the African skipper butterflies (Hesperiidae)’. First I would like to express my condolences with the passing of your late husband (Mrs. Fee) and colleague (Mr. Collins), respectively. My last correspondence with Dr. Larsen dates from October 2013, and I attach it here. We planned to meet up in London, but could not. So we never met. In our email correspondence, we both talked about publishing the above new skipper butterflies book, but also about a 2nd anniversary edition of the 2004 book, ‘The Butterflies of West Africa’. Brill is still committed to publish the ‘Revision of the African skipper butterflies (Hesperiidae)’, as Dr. Larsen’s last book and in honour of him. In view of that I look forward to working with you, Mr. Collins, to help getting it published and to bring the manuscript from its current stage to publication in print and online. A first step would be filling out the attached manuscript questionnaire, which Dr. Larsen did not do, yet. Secondly, I’m also willing to look into whether a 2nd edition of Dr. Larsen’s 2004 book is feasible – from his last email to me, he wanted this very much. (Sáfi is taking the lead here).

Natural History Museum – UK There are innate associations between butterflies and sun, butterflies and spring and butterflies of Africa and Torben Larsen. Aside from his professional achievements and insurmountable knowledge, it is worth reflecting on Torben's person, kindness and sharp sense of humour, as this is what his colleagues will most miss here at the Natural History Museum. Torben has left a bit of him represented in each butterfly he collected, he named, and has left in the collections, here and in many museums around the world. We are forever grateful for what Torben has taught us and what he has left, not only an immeasurable legacy in our knowledge of African butterflies, but also, tantalisingly, many butterflies awaiting description. Dr Blanca Huertas and the Lepidoptera Team at the Natural History Museum London (BMNH): Geoff Martin, Alessandro

Giusti, Dr Alberto Zilli, John Chainey, Dr Ian Kitching and Scientific Associates: John Tennent, Dr. Dick Vane-Wright, Torben at the RESL Library, London Martin Honey, Dr Klaus Sattler, Dr David Agassiz, Dr Jeremy Holloway, Andrew Neild.

Nicholas Baker – USA I first learned about butterflies in Nigeria in the 1960’s and although Torben was there at the same time we did not meet for another 35 years. As a result of my mother’s downsizing we needed to find a home for some Nigerian

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Volume 26 METAMORPHOSIS ISSN 1018–6490 (PRINT) LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY OF AFRICA ISSN 2307–5031 (ONLINE) butterflies and I suspect it was Torben’s influence that encouraged the BMNH to take them – this was during the writing of his wonderful Butterflies of West Africa. Later my brother Jon and I spent enjoyable hours reminiscing and discussing Nigerian butterflies in Cold Harbor Lane (which I am sure most of us know is the most famous type locality in Britain, that of the Camberwell Beauty Nymphalis antiopa). Some of these conversations made their way into his book. In subsequent years Torben gave his opinion on my photographs of African butterflies and emailed new papers or correspondence of interest, as he did for many others. Torben always had time for amateur naturalists and others whose interest was only casual, which few professional lepidopterists can. But Torben was an exceptional person. He combined intimate familiarity with museum collections and taxonomic literature, much of which old and hard to access, with first hand field knowledge to a degree that very few can have achieved before. In fact by his example he made it widely evident that such a synthesis was possible; before Torben, I for one had never appreciated how little most museum experts would know of the tropical locations whose specimens they studied. Reciprocally, if I had known Torben decades earlier, I could have been the discoverer of several new species that were later described, but I had found no conduit to the taxonomic world. The impact of Torben’s talent was cemented because he also wrote, authoritatively and well. For many of his locations, he authored the definitive butterfly guide, including an up-to-date summary of biogeography and evolutionary history of the region with reference to the primary scientific literature, very much an exception to the norm. I confess disappointment that Torben will not finish his planned work on the African Hesperiidae, but this is selfish. Torben had already achieved more than enough. He raised the bar for lepidopterists very high, to a position few will equal.

Ole Karsholt – Denmark Thank you for sharing this very sad message with me! I hardly don’t know how to express myself right here. I knew Torben for long time (I think we first met about 50 years ago), and he recently wrote me that he planned to visit me here in the museum nest week! I know how difficult it can be to finish deceased friend’s manuscripts, but I think the best last favour you and others can give to Torben is to get his book on African Hesperiidae published.

Oskar Brattstrom – UK/ Sweden I think I speak for many more when I say I would probably never have ventured into the study of African butterflies were it not for Torben. When travelling to Nigeria for an exchange course in conservation biology back in 2005 I tried to get hold of a good book on the butterflies of the region to be able to do basic monitoring for comparative studies of savannah habitats on the Jos Plateau. Having heard that someone called Torben Larsen was working on the now classic book ‘Butterflies of West Africa’ I contacted him to see if it by any chance would be available to buy before my first ever trip to Africa. His reply was stunning: ‘Unfortunately the book is not yet published, but if you want to I am more than happy to send you the complete manuscript as a Word-document. Hopefully you will be able to use it, and of course tell me if I missed anything!’ Together with some older books with pictures helping me find the correct group to start dig into Torben’s text the book helped me identify everything I came across and his rather anecdotal and personal way of writing was refreshing, especially for someone then new to the field of taxonomy. To this day it is rarely a week passing without me grabbing for my own well-read and travelled copy to look some new information up. My initial visit to Nigeria was the first of many visits to study butterflies across Africa, and I have now been working on pheromonal ecology and taxonomy of Bicyclus butterflies for well over seven years. Nothing of this would ever have happened without Torben! I will miss our written correspondence and regular phone-calls. I will never forget his generosity in helping and guiding anyone that was interested in anything about butterflies. I found this photograph that is from a very special day in my career. It is from early August 2008 and this day was the first time I met Torben in person. He came over to see me when I was still living in Lund, and while my Nigerian butterfly collection was a modest size of some ten boxes. We had corresponded a lot and for some reason (probably because I visited slightly different sites than him) I had caught a fair set of Nigerian species that he never seen in the field himself (as noted in the

WA book). I guess he actually wanted to see if I was a complete liar or not :) Torben supporting Carlsberg in Sweden We ended up having a good two days discussing butterflies and he did indeed verify I caught a lot of things he never seen himself, but also that my skills in Eurema identification was pretty much pathetic (and they still are). On the second day we went to the Ecology Department at Lund University and he showed me how to dissect butterfly genitalia. During this practice session we did verify that I had xvi

Volume 26 METAMORPHOSIS ISSN 1018–6490 (PRINT) LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY OF AFRICA ISSN 2307–5031 (ONLINE) found the first Nigerian record of Bicyclus smithi South of Obudu (high altitude, 1100m, at Afi Mountains). As a return favour I show him what a PCR machine looked like. Torben was always very open to the new opportunities DNA methods gave us, and was amongst the first to congratulate people that proved any of his morphological conclusions wrong. He was very happy for the first time see the inside workings of a molecular lab, but clearly a bit disappointed on discovering that a PCR machine is about as sexy as a fax machine. I think he had imagined a bit more CSI technology for something that changed his beloved field of systematics so much. Torben, I will miss you my friend, but you will always be remembered!

Patrick Boireau – France/ Ivory Coast Oui. Franchement une très mauvaise nouvelle. Je n'ai pas eu le plaisir de le rencontrer mais nous nous étions écris à plusieurs reprises lorsqu'il commençais la préparation de sont travail "Butterflies of west Africa", avant même que je vienne m'installer en Côte d'Ivoire. C'est la perte d'un homme d'une inestimable valeur dans le domaine des Rhopalocères et Grypocères d'Afrique et du Moyen Orient que nous déplorons. Son œuvre immense en témoigne. Steve, ce doit être pour toi aussi la perte d'un ami. Bon courage. Il te revient maintenant la lourde charge de mener à terme sa dernière œuvre, déjà bien avancée, sur les Hespérides africains. Tu es parmi nous le seul qui en soit capable et nous te soutenons tous pour que nous puissions profiter du dernier apport de Torben Larsen à la lépidoptérologie africaine.

Paul Brakefield – University of Cambridge, UK I am personally so very grateful to Torben Larsen – indeed the whole community of butterfly biologists whom have worked since the 1980’s on Bicyclus butterflies are indebted to this great butterfly biologist. My first talk at an international meeting was in London to the first Butterfly Biology meeting organised by Dick Vane-Wright and colleagues. I talked about efforts in my PhD research with Philip Sheppard at Liverpool to dissect how natural selection influences variability in the wing spotting of the meadow brown butterfly, Maniola jurtina. Torben approached me immediately on the finish of my talk, and as I recall effectively told me that if I wanted to understand how natural selection influenced the evolution of butterfly eyespots I should study the wet and dry seasonal forms of species of butterfly in the tropics that have highly divergent patterns of eyespots. We retired to a local pub in South Kensington where he quickly explained why he was so right, and the rest is as they say, ‘history’. He not only convinced me, but we then wrote a paper together on seasonal polyphenism that was published in the Biological Journal of the Linnean Society and I persuaded the Royal Society to fund an initial field visit to East Africa. B. safitza became the first species of the Bicyclus genus to be maintained in the laboratory (in Cardiff). In 1987, we established in Leiden the stock of B. anynana from Malawi which has over the years enabled us to unravel much about the evolution and ecology of the Mycalesine butterflies of the Old World Tropics. Torben’s books on the butterfly faunas of Africa and Asia have continued to provide inspiration, as well as an extraordinarily rich pool of information about butterfly biology. He is indeed a profound loss to our community.

Peter Namukana – ABRI, Kenya I went with Dr. Larsen to Mpokot in Nigeria in 1995 for nearly 2 months. The picture in the Hazards stories book is of us crossing the river with Dr. Larsen (Never forget Mpokot). Dr. Larsen taught me many things, e.g. to eat the local food (you cannot go home in the evening to your house). In Nigeria they eat bush meat including monkey. Dr. Larsen was treated like a King by the villagers. He bought them beer and food to palaver most of the night. They carried him on their shoulders and I never saw another white man sleep on the village hut floor like the local people. Larsen was somebody that liked the life of butterflies very much, I was surprised that he caught and checked everything and made his lists of what River crossing in Nigeria he saw/caught every day. He was very good, hardworking and liked to party. He also taught me not to fool with local ladies and said if you want to be my friend do not chase the local ladies. He was generous with money, and there was always enough to eat. He also taught me not to go on the same path to see different butterflies. One day when we were on trek to a new place I caught a Cymothöe that he wanted, he said you will not go with this one. Later he brought the specimen back to ABRI once he had written about it (Cymothöe hesiodina). He had a very good respect for people treating everyone equally. His motto was work hard/play hard. I remember before we left we were going to restaurant to eat dog. When we got there it was closed because the owner’s mother

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Phil deVries – USA Some photographic memories.

Field, USA

Making a point! Or telling them to hurry up with the pint?

Reinier Terblanche – South Africa

On 16 May 2015 I wrote an email to Torben and Steve Collins: "Dear Torben and Steve My brother (specialising in literature) bought some books for his collection of literature. One is Larsen's West African Butterflies. I was looking at taxonomic status of some Kalahari butterflies and started to read in Larsen's West African Butterflies and found it hard to let go and get back In the field, Ghana home. LARSEN, T.B. 2005. Butterflies of West Africa. Apollo Books Stenstrup, Denmark. The only mere comparison I can make is the book is like the oldest and best wine you could find. Balance in the writing and information is something unreal. I was talking to my brother and said "This is what content and flow are about ... What a joy". And upon that are the many, many advances in terms of knowledge about diversity of butterflies in Africa ... turning a black hole in our knowledge around ... including real field notes ... and setting a basis for some more. Such contributions cannot be measured and valued at once. In the big scheme of African Lepidoptera ... a timeless treasure. THEN Torben's response on the same day (despite all the work he was busy with) to the email above was most graceful as ever and he was immediately pointing to present and future work improving on the mentioned milestone "It very strongly inspired more butterfly collecting and research in West Africa. Many species new to science have been found in the area, and even more that had not previously been recorded from West Africa." Torben noted how essential working with ABRI was in particular producing the first book on West African Butterflies and now also amazing progress made with Safi and others in West Africa, noting an astonishing increase in the knowledge. ALL I CAN SAY IS THAT TORBEN WAS THEN MOST INSPIRATIONAL to people like me, what a legacy And to those who were so fortunate to work closely with him on many occasions my deepest sympathy, I am thinking about all of you whom I know, Steve Collins, Sáfi, Graham Henning ... in my thoughts. To all those continuing on his work, wish you the most of success working further on Torben’s legacy.

Rienk de Jong – Holland Incredibly sad! Our mutual friend Hein Boersma stayed with Torben in London just one or two weeks ago and had a pleasant time with him. I think I have known Torben for some 40 years and we have always had good contacts. When I more or less returned to African skippers after my retirement (at the museum we mainly concentrated on Southeast Asia), Torben helped me a lot with catching up with recent developments. Recently we were planning a joint paper

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(Torben's idea) on the biogeographic aspect of our inventory work at Ebogo (Cameroun), as well as some more joint research. I do hope Torben's work will be published, even if incomplete, e.g. by a series of monographs on particular genera to start with. If there is anything I can help with, don't hesitate to ask me. With regards to Torben Larsen, his contribution to the knowledge of the African fauna will remain undisputable, a fabulous work. An immense knowledge has gone away. Another loss, in addition to other major entomologists who passed away in a few years. His books and publications are and will remain essential for anyone interested in the African and Middle-East fauna.

Rob Plowes – USA I knew Torben and Nancy really well when they lived in Botswana. I was stunned to hear of his passing since I developed a great friendship and deep respect for Torben. He spend a lot of time with me both in the field and at my home looking at my collection and my large stash of pubs on southern African leps and I remained in contact with him since that time. I now live in Austin, Texas but still travel to Zim where my 90 year old father is still active in natural history. He will be missed in African entomology.

Robert et Ginette Ducarme: Bien triste nouvelle que le décès de notre ami Torben! Nous avons encore eu un échange de mails ce 11 mai et il avait plein de projets. Nous sommes convaincus qu'il restera à jamais un des plus grands noms de la lépidoptérie africaine. Nous présentons nos sincères condoléances à toute sa famille.

Scott Forbes – (PhD Student) Edinburgh University, Scotland Hope you are staying well? I was sorry to hear that Torben passed away as I was excited, as I guess a number of people were, to see his forthcoming monograph. I never managed to meet him in person but his legacy of work, especially on Afrotropicals was partly what inspired me to go and work in Semuliki. .

Simon Joubert – South Africa A passing of an era for African butterfly research. Very sad.

Silvia Mecenero: I'm very saddened to hear of the passing of Torben. I had the great privilege of meeting Torben during the ‘Workshop on Lepidoptera research in the Afro-tropical region’ in Ghana in 2011, after hearing so much about him over previous years via fellow lepidopterists. I was in awe of his vast knowledge on Lepidoptera, especially the Hesperiidae (quite a difficult group to understand) and I thoroughly enjoyed his numerous stories of his African adventures.

Workshop on Lepidoptera research in the Afro-tropical region’ in Ghana (2011)

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Torben also very kindly helped review the chapter on the Hesperiidae for the Southern African Butterfly Conservation Assessment's publication "Conservation Assessment of Butterflies of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland: Red List and Atlas", ensuring that our data and information were up to date with the very latest research on the Hesperiids. I valued his input hugely! He will be missed and will definitely leave a large gap in Lepidopteran research in the Afro- tropical region.

Stephen Georgiadis – UK Very sad to hear it, and my condolences to his family and other friends. Torben was one of the greats of his profession and very kind to me personally: I shall miss him. I recently congratulated him by email on the publication of his latest paper identifying Procampta admiratio as a new species, distinct from rara, based on dogged dissection of the genitalia of hundreds of specimens (as the two look almost identical outwardly). I commented that “this must be one of the most striking examples of ‘identical external appearance but difference in genitalia make it definitely a new species’ – and followed up with the comment of “how on earth we are supposed to spot new species in the field?” His answer was “at least these two species have the decency not to be sympatric”! I’m also re-reading his “Hazards of Butterfly Collecting” – it’s a welcome “fix” for addicts of field-based lepidoptery, like me, who don’t get enough time to get out into the field very often… I met up with Torben before I left for my first Liberian trip, and he was keen for me to collect some specimens from Sapo for the African Butterfly Research Institute. His emails to me were calculated to get my adrenalin flowing; “Sapo has possibly as many as 500 different species, although nobody really knows…your trip will be the most important butterfly expedition to Liberia in 50 years (and no kidding!)”. Torben’s kindness towards amateurs in his field and enthusiasm for pushing out the boundaries of knowledge were limitless. The article that I wrote after the trip (dated April 2008) ends by saying “we are still awaiting news from Torben as to whether or not [one of the butterflies I found in Sapo] is an as-yet unnamed species…” of course, it turned out to be new, and Torben was responsible for publishing it. One of many examples of his amazing track record of discovering new species.

Steve Woodhall – South Africa My memories of Torben stem mostly from reading Ent Rec J Var, which I used to subscribe to as a member of the AES as a youngster. Before I made my move to Africa, ‘Hazards of Butterfly Collecting’ hooked me. Living in the UK with its 60 odd species, it was like a window on another world. And boy could he write! A bit like Gerald Durrell, whom I also loved, but closer to my real obsession. He was perhaps the catalyst that got me out here. It wasn't until 1990 that I actually got to meet him, at the Henning’s. I have just re-read the article he wrote in Metamorphosis about that meeting... it was prophetic! ‘Do try to go to places that have not been well collected’. And perhaps the most ‘Arthur C Clarke’ sentence... ‘Do try to set up a computerized mapping scheme’. Torben foresaw LepiMAP in 1991, 13 years before SABCA started. Goosebumps. That was Torben, a real visionary. I remember being very star-struck. Sadly, I only met him again on a couple of other occasions, one being the memorable 1997 conference in Nairobi. And I never got chance to spend time in the field with him, which I realise more and more as a sore loss. It is so clear what a wonderful field worker he was, and how many youngsters he met and energised. The world of Lepidopterology has lost one of its great souls, probably the last to span many continents. And at a time when he was just as active as ever. But his legacy will live on in the young researchers he influenced. His acolytes are everywhere. They are perhaps his epitaph.

Szabolcs Sáfián: Hearing the sad news about Torben, I changed my mind and will name the new Aslauga as a tribute to his work and friendship. I will finalise the draft tonight and will send it for publication in Metamorphosis. I am very very sad about Torben :( Still, at the moment, I cannot add more to the situation than to express my sincere respect and thankfulness in this small paper! Torben is with me every day, practically in every five minutes I have to check some of his works ... I have also dedicated my PhD dissertation to him.

At the LepSoc memorial I do not normally write down a speech. To be honest, I do not normally give a speech on occasions like this. For a long time now, I believe that that verbal Torben and Sáfi xx

Volume 26 METAMORPHOSIS ISSN 1018–6490 (PRINT) LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY OF AFRICA ISSN 2307–5031 (ONLINE) communication is totally insufficient to express or understand emotions or at least I am not capable of doing it. This a rare exeption, because I want to share some stories with you. This is not a story of Torben Larsen. These are moments of life of myself, and I hope they would hopefully help people to understand, how Torben Larsen became one of the most important persons in my life beside my partner and members of my family. The name Torben Larsen appeared on a business card given to me by a ranger in the distant Bia National Park, close to the Ivory Coast border in Western Ghana in January 2001. It was my very first and quite controversial visit to Africa. When I went home after a month in Ghana, I thouth, I might contact the person, however I did not really know what to ask, as I was totally infamiliar with African butterflies and I did not just want to ask help in identification of my lousy collection from someone who appear to be the greatest specialist on African butterflies. Still, I wrote Torben a short email that I visited Ghana and I really enjoyed the richness of butterflies, particularly in Bia. The answer came with an unexpected speed, Torben responded to me within hours saying how he loved Bia and how unique the butterfly fauna of the area was...I was surprised by his quick response but was also disappointed because I felt, that I was too late coming to Africa to work on butterflies, because everything was already done before me. The actual truth could not have been further from my thoughts but I was naive and Torben’s immediately recongnisable experience took my courage to think about African butterflies. As a student, I also thought that my financial situation will never allow me to return to Africa, definitely not to study butterflies...well, it took me years to save for my next visit but then I knew that I want to learn about African butterflies and this is when Torben was contacted again. This time I needed much more specific help, especially about areas to visit in Ghana and I could even send him a few photos of specimens, I could not identify from my Carcasson’s field guide to African butterflies. Torben did not only give superficious information about Atewa Forest, what we planned to visit, but he wrote instructions how to find the trail, who we should contact in Sagymaase village and gave very accurate description of the stream, where Anthene atewa and Anthene helpsi and also Papilio antimachus were caught. He copied pages of the manuscript of his West Africa book with description of Mylothris atewa and all other species of interest occurring in the forest. This was two years before the publication of the book. Torben did not know me, he had no idea whether I am really going to be serious studying butterflies or just going there as a collector. This was the first attitude of his, which really caught me. He was ready to selflessly share information and knowledge on butterflies because he always thought the more people gain interest in butterflies on the continent the more knowledge will be gathered. Later I bought his WA book (it was still before we met) and asked him not much later if he would allow me to scan the plates and print it out for my personal use in the field as I wanted to save the original copy in my library. His answer was. Oh, yes, no problem, I think Apollo Books is really happy about the sales of the book and I get enough royalty, so go ahead. I am still taking this print out occasionally to the field. Ironically, when Torben visited me, we were discussing some butterflies (how surprising) and he once just said, let me see what I wrote about the species in the West Africa book and he immediatey tore the jacket of my copy of his book taking off the shelf. I am very proud to have that torn copy. Later, Torben copied his entire archive of papers, images and other resources from his computer to enable me to learn and recently he gave me a copy of his unfinished manuscript of African skippers, asking for help with adding my field observations but probably also to share information in case we will not be able to complete his final mission. I tell this only to show you how ready Torben always was to share, not just stories and fun, but his butterflies, which proabably played a more important role in his life than anything else. He never ever asked anything in exchange and I was not able to give him anything but my ability to learn, my skills to observe and my energy to work. I hope I did not disappoint him...

Some anecdotes Given the short time I would just like to share two short stories about Torben. The first one is about his temper, what I saw him losing only once while we were together. We were having dinner in Eastern Ghana in a restaurant close to Atewa Range with a group of British butterfly watchers and after the dinner we usually had the most interesting discussions. However the restorant did not want to permit us talking as there was a sound system playing some Ghanaian pop music just outside the open air restaurant, a big-screen TV showing the latest soccer from the Premier League. Besides this the radio was also on and everybody should be listening to a pastor who’s articulation was completely blurred out by the nosie bias of the overloaded receiver and speakers. Torben did not say a word to us just stood up and walked to the waiters, who were watching the soccer. We all saw him talking to the guys and then suddenly we heard him bursting out in a load voice pointing at us and then around the restaurant. The guys then suddenly ran to turn off the radio and lower the volume of the TV and they came to apologise. We all looked at them and Torben with amusment, as it is usually very difficult to get rid of the noise in African restaurants. Torben with a big smile turned to us afterwards and said: I went to these gentlemen to ask to lower the volume because we can’t hear each other at our table. Their immediate reaction was that – But Sir, this was a request from out guests. I quickly looked around and really lost my patience. We are actually the only guests in the entire restaurant.

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This clearly demonstrates how free-hearted Torben was. Apart from this moment, I never hear him talking to anyone angrily or disrespecful. He always had the patience to explain even basic things a hundred times and he turned a very human face even to strangers. The other story I want to tell, is about breeding our first Epitola. I spent one week in Aburi Botanical Gardens in Ghana with Torben in 2006. I probably learnt more about African butterflies in that week than for years before from books and other literature. But the most important moment was, when I asked Torben how to find Epitolas? They always appeared to me as some misterious group of butterflies, especially their myrmecophilous development. As Steve Collins told me later, Torben never really expressed interest in breeding butterflies, but in that moment, he took me to one of the big Ceiba (Kapok) tree and shown me the a huge ant-nest of Crematogaster. He even explained that what he know from the literature that these caterpillars might stay inside the ant-nest and they come out to eat algae and lichen from the tree-bark. Exactly like that one there...pointed on a large hairly caterpillar, which looked like it is „grazing” somethink invisible substance from the tree-bark. That might even be one of them he continued... I barely believed him, as the caterpillar looked more like those of Limantriinae I bred in Europe but, I decided that we should give it a try and collected it among a few more we found on the same tree. Two days later some pupated it was quite clear that they belong to some butterflies as we clearly saw the clubbed antennae on the case. The same day we had to leave for Bobiri, where we planned to spend 10 days. As the last day approached I could see some iridescent blue shining through the pupal case and I excitingly told Torben about it. Well, they might hatch in the night he said. I did not sleep much on that night, I checked the boxes on multiple occassions but the butterflies failed to hatch. In the morning it was clear that they will definitely hatch very soon as the entire wing was visible, showing a proper Epitola. But the car was already there picking us to drive back to Aburi for a few more days before Torben left Ghana and we had to go. I was sitting on the back seat holding the box and we were not even halfway to Aburi when I shouted...It’s hatching, please stop the care because it will get damaged. We stopped, got out and started staring at them with great amusement. Torben looked like a young child (probably so did I) watching at a new toy, the Epitola pumping up its wings. I was holding the stick the caterpillar pupated on and the newly hatched butterfly was drying itself in front of our eyes. If Torben was not with me in Aburi, I would probably have never manage to find and breed an Epitola, becuase I would have found this task too difficult. With just a bit of directions from Torben and an almost immediate success, which gave both of us an uplifting moment turn my interest into Epitola and this interest just got deeper over the years...Torben very recently mentioned that he will never forget the moment when we had this stopover on the Ghana highways and what I learned from this lesson that I should never prevent myself giving chance to other people to gain interest in African butterflies, because a small action might be absolutely enough to change people’s like in a way Torben did to me. And a last but very short story: Torben mentioned to me on a few occassions that he had never seen Papilio antimachus in his life in the wild, only in collections. As I was privileged to study the hill-topping behaviour of the species in Liberia, I learned that there are spots, where males could be seen regularly and I played with the thought that I might be able to invite Torben to see this magnificient butterfly. I shared my thought with two British lepidopterists-butterfly watchers Peter Bygate and David Dennis, members of the Butterfly Conservation. They were with Torben and me in Ghana in 2008 and they came to a short trip to Liberia to see P. antimachus. When I mentioned my plans they said straight away. Safi we would like to help Torben too and we are willing to participate in the expenses of his travel. Unfortunately, this could not have happened in the last two years as Ebola was quite serious in Liberia and we had to postpone all proposed butterfly studies, including the one on antimachus. Now, I can just repeat myself that I really hope P. antimachus flies in numbers on the eternal fields of butterflies, when Torben rests now. Torben did not just teach me about African butterflies. He literally changed my life giving the opportunity to learn whatever is possible about African butterflies. He was never tired writing answers to my infinite number of questions, he never failed to help correcting my lousy English in early stages in manuscripts to avoid serious critcizm from reviewers. When I sad, Torben my draft manuscript of my PhD dissertation is ready, he asked me to send it and I got it back in just two days with all the comments and corrections. He probably did it just as a relaxation between two working sessions on the skipper book. Ha was never tired to help others too. He only once mentioned to me that he feels very sorry that he is physically unable to respond to all the requests he is receiving every day from various people from all over the world! I will try to grow up to him as much a lepidopterist as a person. Torben you made me a butterfly expert in Africa. Thank you forever!

Tony Pittaway – UK

It was 35 years ago that Torben first entered my life, a life which he both enriched Tony and Torben and changed. I had returned to the UK from working in Saudi Arabia, where a lot

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Volume 26 METAMORPHOSIS ISSN 1018–6490 (PRINT) LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY OF AFRICA ISSN 2307–5031 (ONLINE) of my free time had been spent collecting and photographing moths and butterflies. Whilst discussing the former with ‘Ted’ Wiltshire at the British Museum (Natural History), I mentioned that I “had all these butterflies and was wondering who would be the best person to help me with them”. At that time I knew next-to-nothing about Middle Eastern butterflies. The reply was swift and precise - “phone Torben Larsen; here is his number”. A call to Highgate, London, was followed by a meeting in the library of the Royal Entomological Society (then at 41 Queens Gate). As I walked in he was bent over a table piled high with open reference works, a box of butterflies, and three pipes. A half bottle of whiskey was carefully tucked away behind one of the table legs. It very quickly became apparent that here was a man with a passion and enthusiasm for the butterflies of the Middle East like few others I had met. We found common ground in being as much interested in the natural history and ecology of the species as in their taxonomy and distribution. I continued to work in the Middle East for several years and, during my trips to the UK, was invited many times up to Highgate by Torben (and Kiki) to sample his culinary skills and to discuss our latest findings. This was always made highly enjoyable by his wonderful sense of humour and skill at story-telling. Even though I left the Middle East in 1985 and Torbens’ attention switched to Africa, we still retained an interest Torben in his element in the area. This resulted in a number of co- authored papers, and trips to northern India and Israel. Right up until the end Torben never lost his passion and enthusiasm for butterflies, and was always happy to help others learn and develop an interest in this subject. He certainly had this effect on me, and I will miss him.

Uffe Bundgard-Jørgensen – Denmark He has sent the picture on the right.

Zdenek Faltynek Fric: I just opened my laptop after two days and I see this sad information... All the best to everybody.

Torben in the savannah

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AND FINALLY Torben wrote: “I was working at the Natural History Museum, London some years ago. Out of the goodness of my heart I helped a young lady to find some of the Birdwing Butterflies discussed by Wallace the famous naturalist. A few years later this poem suddenly landed on my desk in Manila.”

CHOOSING A poem dedicated to Torben B. Larsen by Anne Cluysenaar (Scintilla V:57:58 (2000)

In case after case, About killing, I learned yesterday: And I too have needed a body – Amazements of complex colour: most often a light pinch something more dead than a photo – dots and stripes and swirls under raised-up-wings, to bring me the sense of his life (the Peruvian dazzle), the long heart constricted ancient, single, and other. frail mica-translucence, to its last beat. mercury-liquid blueness, Those glaucus solid mounds glass-wing come-and-go glitter…. Among all the rest, birdwings. that gave him mosaic vision, Why, if Wallace’s wonder – colours that still reflect It’s the entomologists’ fair, golden-winged croesus croesus – his favourite yellow flowers, and we’ve queued in October rain turns up, should I not buy one? hind-wing edges, silky for the Kempton Racecourse turnstiles, I feel hesitation beginning. with hair-like scales, that combed jumping to islands between puddles, the lek with asexual perfume…… cracking jokes with strangers A naturalist once said to me: “The individual doesn’t matter”- I think of your hands showing, At the trestle tables inside and I doubt it’ll be the collector’s like this, how he’d rise from beneath, It’s quite hard to get a look-in, delight in rare acquisitions touching his body to hers, what with these serious chaps, that will one day extinguish species, and her antennae tilt to smell boxes tucked under arms, or the scientist’s need to test his personal scent, the hairs and the quiet observant children theory by close observation – and pheromone hind-wing patches, unsurprised as experts which may, rather, help to save intimate under her feet. them. ‘The taste of this one?’ Choosing. What need do I still have, It’s logging, it’s slash and burn. now, to possess a body, Smoke stifling the forest. having sensed (overhear myself think Commerce, Or desperation. this) a soul – what better word is there?

On the train home, I turn the pages of the second-hand books, purchased instead – facts and photos; wonder, dozing a little, at the tenuous job of poet

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PUBLICATIONS BY TORBEN B. LARSEN

LARSEN, T.B. 1968. Butterflies migrating on Ikoyi Island (Lagos). Nigerian Entomological Magazine 1: 62. LARSEN, T.B. 1969. The first record of Acraea eugenia Karsch from Nigeria. Nigerian Entomological Magazine 2: 53. LARSEN, T.B. 1975. Three species of butterflies new to Nigeria. Nigerian Ent. Mag. 2(3): 97. LARSEN, T.B. 1976a. Meeting report – contribution on non-mimetic forms of Papilio dardanus. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society C 41: 7. LARSEN, T.B. 1976b. A new species of Nigerian Tarucus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Bulletin de l‟Institut Fondamental d‟Afrique Noire (A) 37(3): 684-686. LARSEN, T.B. 1977a. Notes on the distribution and subspecies of Euchloe charlonia Donzel (Lep. Pieridae). Atalanta Münnerstadt 8(2): 107-109. LARSEN, T.B. 1977b. A migration of Libythea labdaca Westwood in Ghana (Lep. Libytheidae). Atalanta Münnerstadt 8(4): 253-254. LARSEN, T.B. 1977c. A migration of Anaphaeis aurota (F.) in Kenya. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 24(4- 5): 419-422. LARSEN, T.B. 1977d. The butterflies of eastern Oman and their zoogeographic composition. In: The scientific results of the Oman flora and fauna survey 1975. Journal of Oman Studies, Special Report 1977: 179-208. LARSEN, T.B. 1977e. Il y a trois millénaires et demi que Danaus chrysippus (L.) est connu en haut-Egypte (Lepidoptera Danaidae). Linneana Belgica 7(2): 55-58. LARSEN, T.B. 1978a. The first record of Catopsilia florella (Fabricius 1775) from Lebanon for more than fifty years. Atalanta (Marktleuthen) 9(2): 148-149. LARSEN, T.B. 1978b. A mixed butterfly migration in West Africa (Lepidoptera; Rhopalocera). Atalanta (Marktleuthen) 9(3): 191-198. LARSEN, T.B. 1979a. Insects of Saudi Arabia. Lepidoptera: fam. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Danaidae, Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 1: 342-344. LARSEN, T.B. 1979b. A case of extreme territorial behaviour in Acraea encedon Linne in Tanzania. Atalanta (Marktleuthen) 10(4a): 289-290. LARSEN, T.B. 1979c. Three and a half millenia of Danaus chrysippus (L.) (Lep., Danaidae) in Upper Egypt. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 114: 161-163. LARSEN, T.B. 1980a. The scientific results of the Oman flora and fauna survey 1977 (Dhofar). The butterflies of Dhofar and their zoogeographic composition. Journal of Oman Studies Special Report No. 2: 153-186. LARSEN, T.B. 1980b. Hazards of butterfly collecting, Nigeria. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 92: 86-87. LARSEN, T.B. 1980c. A painted lady. Aramco World Magazine 31(5): 2-5. LARSEN, T.B. 1980d. The status of Papilio machaon rathjensi Warnecke and its relationship to other Arabian populations. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 34: 365-367. LARSEN, T.B. 1981a. Butterflies as prey for Orthetrum austenti (Kirby) (Anisoptera: Libellulidae). Notulae Odonatologicae 1(8): 130-133. LARSEN, T.B. 1981b. Hesperiid larvae as prey for a sphecid wasp. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 93(3-4): 54-55. LARSEN, T.B. 1981c. A migration of Libythea labdaca Westwood in Nigeria (Lep., Libytheidae). Atalanta (Markleuthen) 12(2): 94-96. LARSEN, T.B. 1981d. Butterflies of Yemen. American Institute of Yemeni Studies 5: 6-7. LARSEN, T.B. 1982a. Gegenes pumilio Hoffmannsegg, 1804; a review with cytological evidence that two species are involved (Hesperiidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 5(2-3): 103-110. LARSEN, T.B. 1982b. False head butterflies: the case of Oxylides faunus Drury (Lycaenidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 36(3): 238-239. LARSEN, T.B. 1982c. Heavy predation by birds or lizards of Hipparchia parisatis (Kollar) (Lepidoptera: Satyridae) in Oman. Entomologist’s Gazette 33(1): 5-7. LARSEN, T.B. 1982d. The butterflies of the Yemen Arab Republic (with a review of the species in the Charaxes viola-group from Arabia and East Africa). Biologiske Skrifter, Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 23(3): 1-85. LARSEN, T.B. 1982e. A migration of Catopsilia florella F. in Ethiopia. Atalanta (Markleuthen) 13(1): 41. LARSEN, T.B. 1982f. Mass population build-up of Anaphaeis aurota F. in Oman (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Atalanta (Markleuthen) 13(1): 42-47. LARSEN, T.B. 1982g. The importance of migration to the butterfly fauna of Arabia (Lep., Rhopalocera). Atalanta (Markleuthen) 13(4): 248-259. LARSEN, T.B. 1982h. Winged jewels on the Saudi trail. Ahlanwasahlan 6(3): 32-33. LARSEN, T.B. 1982i. Book review: B. d’Abrera. 1980. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region. Melbourne. Entomologiske Meddelelser 49: 58. xxv

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PUBLICATIONS BY TORBEN B. LARSEN (CONTD.)

LARSEN, T.B. 1983a. On the palatability of butterflies. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 95(3-4): 66-67. LARSEN, T.B. 1983b. Insects of Saudi Arabia. Lepidoptera; Rhopalocera (a monograph of the butterflies of the Arabian Peninsula). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 5: 333-478. LARSEN, T.B. 1983c. Butterflies of Arabia. Sunrise (Kuwait Airlines) 1983: 19-25. LARSEN, T.B. 1984a. The zoogeographical composition and distribution of the Arabian butterflies (Lepidoptera; Rhopalocera). Journal of Biogeography 11(2): 119-158. LARSEN, T.B. 1984b. Studier over mellemostlige og arabiske dagsommerfugle. New Delhi (doctoral dissertation). 40 pp. LARSEN, T.B. 1984c. A pierid butterfly alighting on water. Proceedings and Transactions of the British Entomological and Natural History Society 8: 83-86. LARSEN, T.B. 1984d. Butterflies of Saudi Arabia and its neighbours. 1-160. Stacey Intl., London. LARSEN, T.B. 1984e. A migrant butterfly new to the eastern Mediterranean. Entomologist’s Gazette 35(1): 18. LARSEN, T.B. 1984f. A tropical migrant butterfly new to the eastern Mediterranean Junonia orithya here Lang (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Atalanta (Markleuthen) 15(1-2): 101-102. LARSEN, T.B. 1984g. Book Review. IUCN Invertebrate red data book. Entomologiske Meddelelser 51: 91. LARSEN, T.B. 1985a. On a small collection of Yemen Tihamah butterflies. In: STONE, F. [Ed.] Studies on the Tihamah: the report of the Tihamah Expedition 1982 and related papers. Longman Group Limited, Essex: I-xii, 1- 148. Chapter pagination: 26-28. LARSEN, T.B. 1985b. A mixed butterfly migration in the Nairobi area of Kenya. Atalanta 16: 104-105. LARSEN, T.B. 1985c. The butterflies of the Musandam Region of Oman (with supplementary notes on the butterflies of the northern and Dhofar Regions). Journal of Oman Studies 7: 29-37. LARSEN, T.B. 1985d. The Palaearctic butterflies of Arabia. European Congress of Lepidopterology 3: 105-113. LARSEN, T.B. 1985e. Book review: Vane-Wright & Ackery 1984. The biology of butterflies. Entomologiske Meddelelser 52: 43. LARSEN, T.B. 1986a. Lycaena mirza Plőtz, 1880 (Insecta, Lepidoptera): proposed conservation by the suppression of Lycaena mirza Staudinger, 1874. Z.N. (S.) 2426. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 43(4): 342-343. LARSEN, T.B. 1986b (1983). Notes on Afrotropical butterflies with description of five new taxa and records of extension of known ranges. Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 45: 151-172. LARSEN, T.B. 1986c. Obituary. Lionel G. Higgins. Entomologiske Meddelelser 53: 82. LARSEN, T.B. 1986d. De arabiske dagsommerfugles geografi. Carlsbergfondets Årsskrift 1986: 27-31. LARSEN, T.B. 1986. Tropical butterflies of the Mediterranean. Nota Lepidoptrologica 9: 63-77. LARSEN, T.B. 1986. Book Review: Ackery & Vane-Wright, 1984. Milkweed butterflies. London. Atalanta 16: 423-424. LARSEN, T.B. 1987a. Biogeographical aspects of Middle Eastern and Arabian Butterflies. In: KRUPP, F., SCHNEIDER, W., and KINZELBACH, R. [eds]. Proceedings of the symposium on the fauna and zoogeography of the Middle East. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des vorderen Orients, A (Naturwissenschaften), nr. 28: 178-199. LARSEN, T.B. 1987b. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Dhofar, 1979. Butterfly News 14: 8. LARSEN, T.B. 1987c. [Seasonal variation among tropical butterflies.]. Naturens Verden 1987(4): 118-122. LARSEN, T.B. 1988a. A butterfly migration in Kenya, May 1987. Atalanta (Marktleuthen) 18(3-4): 291-292. LARSEN, T.B. 1988b. Differing oviposition and larval feeding strategies in two Colotis butterflies sharing the same food plant. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 42(1): 57-58. LARSEN, T.B. 1988c. A migration of Cynthia cardui (Lep., Nymphalidae) in Portugal. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 100: 131. LARSEN, T.B. 1989a. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Dhofar, 1979. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 101: 38-39. LARSEN, T.B. 1989b. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Oman, May, 1981. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 101: 83-84. LARSEN, T.B. 1989c. Painted ladies (Cynthia cardui L.) eaten by a bee-eater aboard ship at sea. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 101: 87. LARSEN, T.B. 1989d. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Dhofar, 1979. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 101: 106. LARSEN, T.B. 1990a. Hazards of butterfly collecting - Kakamega, Kenya, 1988. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 102(9-10): 245-247. LARSEN, T.B. 1990b. What is in a name? Metamorphosis 1(27): 14-15. LARSEN, T.B. 1990c. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Yemen. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 102: 141-142.

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LARSEN, T.B. 1990d. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Kenya, 1989. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 102: 39-40. LARSEN, T.B. 1990e. The Butterflies of Egypt. The American University in Cairo Press, Svendborg and Cairo: 112pp. LARSEN, T.B. 1991a. On the use of the generic name Cyclyrius for butterflies of the African mainland. Metamorphosis 2(2): 17-18. LARSEN, T.B. 1991b. The African pied wagtail Motacilla aguimp preying on butterflies. Babbler (Gaborone) Nos 21-22: 80. LARSEN, T.B. 1991c. The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford: i-xxii, 1-490. LARSEN, T.B. 1991d. Hazards of butterfly collecting - Nigeria 1989. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 103(3-4): 94-95. LARSEN, T.B. 1991e. The butterflies of the Okavango Delta with special reference to the Moremi Wildlife Reserve. Moremi Game Reserve Management Plan, Vol. 1. Department of Wildlife and National Parks and Kalahari Conservation Society. Gaborone, Botswana. LARSEN, T.B. 1991f. Hazards of butterfly collecting, South Africa, 1991 – visiting the Hennings. Metamorphosis 2(4): 21-22. LARSEN, T.B. 1991g. Botswana’s butterflies get recognition. Kalahari Conservation Society Newsletter 34: 6. LARSEN, T.B. 1991h. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Yemen, 1981. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 103: 15-16. LARSEN, T.B. 1991i. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Samburu, Kenya. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 103: 154-155. LARSEN, T.B. 1991j. The art of feigning death – thanatosis in Euploea and other aposomatic butterflies. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 103: 263-266. LARSEN, T.B. 1991k. Butterflies of Botswana. Marung 9: 23-25. LARSEN, T.B. 1991l. The African monarch butterfly (Danaus chrysippus). National Museum, Monuments, and Art Gallery, Botswana, Information Sheet no. 4: 1-2. LARSEN, 1991m. The Butterflies of Botswana and their Natural History. Unpublished, periodically updated electronic document. LARSEN, T.B. 1992a. On the status of Colotis agoye (Wallengren, 1857) and its subspecies. Metamorphosis 3(1): 5-10. LARSEN, T.B. 1992b. Butterfly collecting in the Tswapong Hills, Botswana (September, 1991). Metamorphosis 3(1): 18-20. LARSEN, T.B. 1992c. Platylesches ayresii Trimen and P. langa Evans are distinct species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae [Hesperiidae]). Metamorphosis 3(1): 25-27. LARSEN, T.B. 1992d. Dimorphic larvae of Papilio demodocus: an urgent and interesting research topic in South Africa. Metamorphosis 3(2): 53-55. LARSEN, T.B. 1992e. The butterflies of the Gemsbok National Park in Botswana (Lepidoptera - Rhopalocera). Botswana Notes and Records 24: 181-203. LARSEN, T.B. 1992f. Butterflies in Kenya. Swara 15(3): 18-20. LARSEN, T.B. 1992g. The forktailed drongo Dicrurus chasing a large butterfly. Babbler (Gaborone) No. 23: 46- 48. LARSEN, T.B. 1992h. Migration of Catopsilia florella in Botswana (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Tropical Lepidoptera 3(1): 2-11. LARSEN, T.B. 1992i. Temporary prey-specialisation on migrant butterflies by bluecheeked bee-eaters. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 104(9-10): 253-255. (Catopsilia florella). LARSEN, T.B. 1992j. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Morogoro, Tanzania, 1977. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 104(9-10): 255-256. LARSEN, T.B. 1992k. Butterflies; Africa’s finishing touches. In Touch Summer, 1992: 8-12. LARSEN, T.B. 1992l. Dagsommerfugle i Kenya. Carlsbergfondets Årsskrift: 46-50. LARSEN, T.B. 1992m. A chameleon as predator of butterflies and its avoidance of known aposomatic species. Tropical Lepidoptera 3: 101-104. LARSEN, T.B. 1993a. Hazards of butterfly collecting – the tampan ticks of Gemsbok. Metamorphosis 4(1): 31-32. LARSEN, T.B. 1993b. Hazards of butterfly collecting – the magic of Tsodilo. Metamorphosis 4(2): 89-90. LARSEN, T.B. 1993c. Hazards of butterfly collecting – giraffes and silk panties. Metamorphosis 4(3): 127-128. LARSEN, T.B. 1993d. Hazards of butterfly collecting – spare that bouquet - Ethiopia, 1982. Metamorphosis 4(4): 186-187.

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PUBLICATIONS BY TORBEN B. LARSEN (CONTD.)

LARSEN, T.B. 1993e. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Field research in Ghana. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 105: 279-281. LARSEN, T.B. 1993f. Hazards of butterfly collecting – the magic of Tsodilo - Botswana. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 105: 289. LARSEN, T.B. 1994a. Hazards of butterfly collecting – the Tampan Ticks of Gemsbok, Botswana, 1991. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 106: 24-26. LARSEN, T.B. 1994b. Hazards of butterfly collecting – home James, please – Ghana, 1993. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 106: 112-113. LARSEN, T.B. 1994c. Fruit-feeding butterflies in large numbers on flowers. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 106(9-10): 157-158. LARSEN, T.B. 1994d. Hazards of butterfly collecting – managing Hotel de France, Madagascar 1983. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 106: 169-170. LARSEN, T.B. 1994e. Iolaus newporti, a new species of Lycaenidae from Nigeria (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 106 (11-12): 197-200. LARSEN, T.B. 1994f. Hazards of butterfly collecting – looking for Papillons de Zaire, October, 1989. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 106: 244-246. LARSEN, T.B. 1994g. Graphium policenes (Cramer, 1775), Graphium policenoides (Holland, 1892), and Graphium liponesco (Suffert, 1904) three closely related taxa (Lepidoptera; Papilionidae). Lambillionea 94(2) (Tome I): 148-156. LARSEN, T.B. 1994h. Anthene helpsi sp. nov. A remarkable new lycaenid from Ghana. (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 94(4) (Tome II): 550-552. LARSEN, T.B. 1994i. Hazards of butterfly collecting – driven out by drivers – Ghana, 1993. Metamorphosis 5(1): 36-37. LARSEN, T.B. 1994. The condition of butterflies is a poor indicator of migration. Metamorphosis 5(3): 103. LARSEN, T.B. 1994j. Hazards of butterfly collecting – that wonderful family feeling. Metamorphosis 5(3): 139- 140. LARSEN, T.B. 1994k. Hazards of butterfly collecting – all in a day for "skypower". Metamorphosis 5(4): 181-182. LARSEN, T.B. 1994l. The butterflies of Ghana – their implications for conservation and sustainable use. Unpublished report to the IUCN and the Ghana Department of Game and Wildlife. LARSEN, T.B. 1994m. Butterfly biodiversity and conservation in the Afrotropical region. In: Pullin-AS (Ed.) Ecology and Conservation of Butterflies. Chapman & Hall, London: i-xiv, 1-363. Chapter pagination: 290-303. LARSEN, T.B. 1994n. Diopetes kakumi, a new hairstreak from Kakum National Park, Ghana (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae). Tropical Lepidoptera 5(2): 83-84. LARSEN, T.B. 1994o. A brief introduction to the butterflies of Kakum National Park. Kakum National Park. LARSEN, T.B. 1995a. Liptena priscilla a new liptenid butterfly from Nigeria (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 107(1-2): 29-32. LARSEN, T.B. 1995b. A large-scale migration of the African skipper Andronymus gander Evans, 1946 near Calabar, Nigeria (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Entomologists' Record and Journal of Variation 107(11-12): 263-266. LARSEN, T.B. 1995c. Butterfly and invertebrate extinctions in Africa west of the Dahomey Gap. Metamorphosis 6(1): 22-24. LARSEN, T.B. 1995d. Butterflies in Kakum National Park, Ghana. Metamorphosis 6(3): 138-145. LARSEN, T.B. 1995e. Gegenes pumilio (Hoffmansegg, 1804) – an appeal for help. Metamorphosis 6(4): 192-193. LARSEN, T.B. 1995f. Butterflies in Kakum National Park, Ghana, part 1: Papilionidae, Pieridae & Lycaenidae. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 54 (398): 3-8. LARSEN, T.B. 1995g. Ariadne enotrea and Ariadne albifascia identification, status, and distribution (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 95(1) (Tome II): 132-134. LARSEN, T.B. 1996a. Hypokopelates boormani – a new lycaenid from Nigeria (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 108(1-2): 7-9. LARSEN, T.B. 1996b. Hazards of butterfly collecting – that wonderful family feeling, Ghana 1993. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 108: 76-77. LARSEN, T.B. 1996c. Hazards of butterfly collecting – spare that bouquet, Ethiopia 1981. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 108: 206-207. LARSEN, T.B. 1996d. Hazards of butterfly collecting – tracking down a Cymothoe – Oban Hills, Nigeria, 1995. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 108(11-12): 291-292. LARSEN, T.B. 1996e. Graphium almansor (Honrath 1884) in West Africa, and the status of G. carchedonius (Karsch 1895) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Lambillionea 96(1) (Tome I): 137-140. LARSEN, T.B. 1996f. Iolaus (Etesiolaus) kyabobo – a new butterfly from Ghana (Lepidoptera; Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 96(2) (Tome I): 275-277. xxviii

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LARSEN, T.B. 1996g. Butterflies of the Cross River National Park. Nigeria Parks 1(2): 24. LARSEN, T.B. 1996h. Conservation of the name Cyrestis camillus Fabricius. Metamorphosis 7(1): 43. LARSEN, T.B. 1996i. Butterflies as indicator species in Africa. Tropical Lepidoptera News 3 September 1996: 1, 3-4. LARSEN, T.B. 1996j. Review of Carcasson’s African butterflies. Tropical Lepidoptera 7: 38. LARSEN, T.B. 1996k. The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Updated Second Edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford: i-xxii, 1-500. LARSEN, T.B. 1996l. Butterfly art in Africa – conservation implications. Butterfly Conservation News 61: 12-14. LARSEN, T.B. 1996m. Miracle of birth: The butterfly. NKO – the parrots. Ghana Wildlife Clubs. 7(1): 4-5. LARSEN, T.B. 1997a. Hazards of butterfly collecting – vanishing Papilio zalmoxis, Oban Hills, Nigeria, March 1995. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 109: 40-41. LARSEN, T.B. 1997b. Hazards of butterfly collecting – the lost sheep – Ghana, August, 1996. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 109: 136-138. LARSEN, T.B. 1997c. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Last flight to Natitingou, Benin, 1978. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 109: 198-200. LARSEN, T.B. 1997d. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Christian Cat goes camping. Botswana 1991. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 109: 206-207. LARSEN, T.B. 1997e. Hazards of butterfly collecting – driven out by drivers – Ghana, 1993. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 109: 243-244. LARSEN, T.B. 1997f. Uranothauma belcastroi, a new west African submontane butterfly (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 97(1) (TomeI): 5-6. LARSEN, T.B. 1997g. Butterflies in Kakum National Park. In: Ghana Wildlife Department, et al. Facing the storm – five years of research in and around Kakum National Park, Ghana. Conservation International, Washington DC, USA. LARSEN, T.B. 1997h. Butterflies of the Cross River National Park – diversity writ large. Workshop proceedings: Essential partnership – the forest and the people. Cross River National Park, Calabar, Nigeria: 229-235. LARSEN, T.B. 1997i. An annotated list of the butterflies known from the Obudu Plateau. Workshop proceedings: Essential partnership – the forest and the people. Cross River National Park, Calabar, Nigeria: 213-228. LARSEN, T.B. 1997j. A revision of the Hypolycaena lebona group of African Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera), with description of two new species and a new subspecies. Metamorphosis 8(4): 172-182. LARSEN, T.B. 1997k. An overview of the distribution patterns of Afrotropical rainforest butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Metamorphosis Occasional Supplement No.3: 183-188. LARSEN, T.B. 1997l. Hazards of butterfly collecting – the lost sheep – Ghana, 1996. Lepidoptera News, June 1977 (2): 5. LARSEN, T.B. 1997m. Korup butterflies – Biodiversity writ large. Report on a butterfly study mission to Korup National Park in Cameroun during January and February of 1997. Report to WWF and Korup National Park, 69pp. LARSEN, T.B. 1997n. Case 3002. Papilio camillus Fabricius, 1781 (currently Cyrestis camillus) and Limenitis reducta Staudinger, 1901 (Insecta, Lepidoptera): proposed conservation of the specific names. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 54(3): 155-158. LARSEN, T.B. 1998a. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Trekking into Mkpot1, Cross River, Nigeria – March, 1995. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 110: 24-26. LARSEN, T.B. 1998b. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Trekking out of Mkpot1, Cross River, Nigeria – March, 1995. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 110: 68-69. LARSEN, T.B. 1998c. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Wandering in Africa, Cameroun Feb. 1997. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 110: 169-170. LARSEN, T.B. 1998d. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Kwesi‟s parrot, Cape Coast, Ghana, January 1995. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 110: 240-241. LARSEN, T.B. 1998e. On the status of Colotis doubledayi angolanus Talbot, 1929. Metamorphosis 9(1): 47. LARSEN, T.B. 1998f. Butterfly research in West Africa. Metamorphosis 9 (3): 137-140. LARSEN, T.B. 1998g. Two new species of Tetrarhanis from West Africa (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Lipteninae). Lambillionea 98(1): 77-80. LARSEN, T.B. 1999a. Butterflies of West Africa – origins, natural history, diversity, and conservation. Draft systematic part. Larsen CD-ROM, Manila. LARSEN, T.B. 1999b. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Schevy, West Africa 1993-1998. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 111: 69-70. LARSEN, T.B. 1999c. Hazards of butterfly collecting – A bad day in Oyster Bay, Tanzania 1977. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 111: 193-194. LARSEN, T.B. 1999d. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Fax for you, Sir. Korup National Park. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 111: 284-285. xxix

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LARSEN, T.B. 1999e. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Fax for you, Sir. Korup National Park. Metamorphosis 10(1): 22-23. LARSEN, T.B. 1999f. Cyrestis camillus conserved. Metamorphosis 10(1): 47. LARSEN, T.B. 2000a. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Anybody there, Botswana 1992. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 112: 21-22. LARSEN, T.B. 2000b. Hazards of butterfly collecting – The non-turbulent priest, Ghana 1996. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 112: 89-90. LARSEN, T.B. 2000c. Hazards of butterfly collecting: Chasing Papilio parsimon, London 1999. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 112: 167-168. LARSEN, T.B. 2000d. Hazards of butterfly collecting – juche in Burkina Faso, February 1988. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 112: 217-218. LARSEN, T.B. 2000e. The status of Lepidochrysops parsimon Fabricius, 1775 with the description of a new brown member of the genus from West Africa (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 100(2) (Tome I): 211-214. LARSEN, T.B. 2000f. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Anybody there, Botswana 1991. Metamorphosis 10(4): 186-187. LARSEN, T.B. 2000g. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history (3rd edition). Oxford University Press, Oxford. LARSEN, T.B. 2001a. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Ornipholidotos larseni, Nigeria 1967-1969. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 113: 80-81. LARSEN, T.B. 2001b. Hazards of butterfly collecting – An escourt will be needed, Oman 1979. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 113: 138-139. LARSEN, T.B. 2001c. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Airport Hotel, Lagos – Nigeria 1978/80. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 113: 175-176. LARSEN, T.B. 2001d. Hazards of butterfly collecting – We are going to kill you, Sir. Benin, Nigeria, 1969. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 113: 235-236. LARSEN, T.B. 2001e. Hazards of butterfly collecting – late 1999. What is Brephidium exilis doing in the Emirates? Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 112: 273-274. LARSEN, T.[B.] 2001f. Hazards of butterfly collecting – The “best” butterfly day of my life. Metamorphosis 12(2): 53-54. LARSEN, T.B. 2001g. The butterflies of Ankasa/Nini-Suhein and Bia protected area systems in western Ghana. Protected Areas Development Programme. UGL/Ghana Wildlife Department. LARSEN, T.B. 2002a. Hazards of butterfly collecting – the “best” butterfly days of my life – Gambari, Nigeria, 1969. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 114: 82-83. LARSEN, T.B. 2002b. Hazards of butterfly collecting – “Boys’ Own” scientists on the Musandam Peninsula, Oman, 1979. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 114: 135-136. LARSEN, T.B. 2002c. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Seasonal variation in the Common Evening Brown – Bangladesh, 2001. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 114: 176-177. LARSEN, T.B. 2003a. The validity and synonymy of the names Bicyclus martius Fabricius, 1793 and B. sanaos Hewitson, 1866 (Nymphalidae; Satyrinae). Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 115: 95-96. LARSEN, T.B. 2003b. The emperor swallowtails (Papilio hesperus Westwood and P. horribilis Butler) in West Africa (Lep.: Papilionidae). Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 115: 189-192. LARSEN, T.B. 2004. Hazards of butterfly collecting. i-vi, 1-250. Cravitz Printing Co., Ltd, Essex. LARSEN, T.B. 2005a. Butterflies of West Africa. Apollo Books, Svendborg, Denmark: 1-595, 1-270. LARSEN, T.B. 2005b. Hazards of butterfly collecting: Father Theodor Maessen, London and Florida, 1993. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 117: 77-78. LARSEN, T.B. 2005c. Danaus chrysippus (Lep.: Nymphalidae, Danainae) on the droppings of the gemsbok Oryx gazella in Gemsbok National Park, Botswana/South Africa. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 117: 130-131. LARSEN, T.B. 2005d. Coeliades libeon (Druce, 1875) – a migratory butterfly used as human food (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 120: 189-191. LARSEN, T.B. 2006a. Hazards of butterfly collecting. Butterflies and surgical contraception – Yemen, 1980. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 118: 85-87. LARSEN, T.B. 2006b. Aposematism, mimicry, chameleons and butterflies – A challenging research opportunity. Metamorphosis 17(3): 99-107. LARSEN, T.B. 2006c. Papillons collectés au Mont Bero, sud-est de la Guinee, lors de l‟inventaire RAP de novembre-decembre 2003. In: WRIGHT, H.E., McCULLOUGH, J., ALONSO, L.E., & DIALLO, M.S. [Eds.] 2006. Une evaluation biologique rapide de trois foret classees du sud-est de la Guinee. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 40: 224-228. xxx

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LARSEN, T.B. 2006d. The Ghana butterfly fauna and its contribution to the objectives of the protected areas system. WDSP Report no. 63. Wildlife Division (Forestry Commission) & IUCN (World Conservation Union), 207pp. LARSEN, T.B. 2006e. The butterflies of Kyabobo National Park, Ghana and those of the Volta Region. WDSP Report no. 64. Wildlife Division (Forestry Commission) & IUCN (World Conservation Union), 60pp. LARSEN, T.B. 2007a. Additional comments on butterflies of the Upland Evergreen Forest of the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, Ghana. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 47: 61-62. LARSEN, T.B. 2007b. Hazards of butterfly collecting: It seemed a good idea at the time. London, 2001. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 119: 42-43. LARSEN, T.B. 2007c. Hazards of butterfly collecting: Bumbuna butterfly survey, Sierra Leone, May 2006. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 119: 65-67. LARSEN, T.B. 2007d. Hazards of butterfly collecting: Paragliding butterflies. Ghana, 2007. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 119: 118-120. LARSEN, T.B. 2007e. Hazards of butterfly collecting: The lifeline that is the BBC World Service. The World, 1970–2007. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 119: 221-222. LARSEN, T.B. 2007f. Hazards of butterfly collecting: Revisiting Boabeng-Fiema, Ghana 2007. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 119: 283-285. LARSEN, T.B. 2008a. Coeliades libeon (Druce, 1875) – a migratory butterfly used as human food (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 120: 189-191. LARSEN, T.B. 2008b. Forest butterflies in West Africa have resisted extinction… so far (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea). Biodiversity and Conservation 17: 2833-2847. LARSEN, T.B. 2008c. Hazards of butterfly collecting: Wings over Africa – ongoing saga. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 120: 25-27. LARSEN, T.B. 2008d. Hazards of butterfly collecting: Snakes and butterflies in Denmark – 1958 and 2006. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 120: 93-95. LARSEN, T.B. 2008e. Hazards of butterfly collecting: A funny thing happened on the way to the pub. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 120: 118-119. LARSEN, T.B. 2008f. Hazards of butterfly collecting: A quick look at Pseudophilotes jordanicus – Jordan, June 2008. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 120: 151-153. LARSEN, T.B. 2008f. Hazards of butterfly collecting: A journey seamlessly resumed – Sierra Leone, April 2006. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 120: 179-181. LARSEN, T.B. 2009a. Anthene georgiadisi sp. nov. (Lep.: Lycaenidae) – a new butterfly from Liberia. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 121: 47-51. LARSEN, T.B. 2009b. Azanisis Kemal, 2004 – a junior synonym of Azanus Moore, 1881 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 20(1): 40-41. LARSEN, T.B. 2009c. Hazards of butterfly collecting – A nostalgic day on Mount Hermon, Antilebanon, May 2008. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 121: 75-77. LARSEN, T.B. 2009d. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Abantis eltringhami, skipper extraordinary – Cameroun 2003. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 121: 143-146. LARSEN, T.B. 2009e. Metisella orientalis Aurivillius, 1925 is a perfectly valid name that should not be replaced by M. abdeli (Krüger, 1928) (Hesperiidae: Heteropterinae). Metamorphosis 20(3): 100-102. LARSEN, T.B. 2009f. Hazards of butterfly collecting. A missing of minds - Copenhagen, 2004. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 121: 237-238. LARSEN, T.B. 2009g. Hazards of butterfly collecting. The case of the Nigerian Euriphene – 1967-2009. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 121: 258-261. LARSEN, T.B. 2010a. Oxylides faunas and informal distance learning – Ghana, 2005. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 122: 5-7. LARSEN, T.B. 2010b. Gorgyra stewarti sp. nov. – A surprising new skipper butterfly from Cameroun and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 122: 55-58. LARSEN, T.B. 2010c. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Killing an African skipper: (Papilio flesus Fabricius, 1781 = Sarangesa aza Evans, 1941 syn. nov. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 122: 163-166. LARSEN, T.B. 2011. A molecular study of the genus Colotis Hubner (Pieridae) – implications for South African butterfly names. Metamorphosis 22(1): 12-17. LARSEN, T.B. 2012. Taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Melphina Evans and the description of two new genera: Melphiyet and Noctulana (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae, Incertae sedis). Tropical Lepidoptera Research 22(1): 16-23. LARSEN, T.B. 2013. Ceratricula and Flandria – two new genera of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Hesperiinae (incertae sedis)) for species currently placed in the genus Ceratrichia Butler. Zootaxa 3666 (4): 476-488.

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LARSEN, T.B. 2013. Two new species in the African skipper genera Borbo (Hesperiinae, Baorini) and Platylesches (Hesperiinae: Incertae sedis). Tropical Lepidoptera Research 23(2): 92-98. LARSEN, T.B. Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) of the Bumbuna area of Sierra Leone. Nippon Koei, UK (World Bank Environmental Impact Assessment study). LARSEN, T.B., ADUSE-POKU, K. & SAFIAN, S. 2009. The butterflies of Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary – biodiversity and extinction in a forest fragment in Ghana. African Entomology 17(2): 131-146. LARSEN, T.B., ADUSE-POKU, K., BOERSMA, H., SAFIAN, S. & BAKER, J. 2007. Bobiri butterfly sanctuary in Ghana – Discovering its butterflies (with a checklist of the 930 butterflies of Ghana). Metamorphosis 18(3): 88- 125. LARSEN, T.B., BARTLETT, T., & DROTSKY, J.H. 1991. Bluecheeked bee-eaters feeding on migrant butterflies. Babbler (Gaborone) Nos 21-22: 77-78. LARSEN, T.B., & BOORMAN, J. 1995. A new African butterfly commemorating Bob St. Leger, Pseudathyma legeri (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 95(4) (Tome II): 611-613. LARSEN, T.B. & COCK, M.J.W. 2011. A new species of Eretis (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda. Tropical Lepidoptera Research 21(1): 12-16. LARSEN, T.B., & COLLINS, S.C. 1998. Two new species of Anthene from West Africa (Lepidoptera; Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 98(3) (Tome I): 372-376. LARSEN, T.B. & COLLINS, S.C. 2011. The African skipper genus Caenides Holland and the description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research 21(2): 62-65. LARSEN, T.B. & COLLINS, S.C. 2012. Herila – a new genus to receive the Afrotropical skipper Teniorhinus herilus (Hopffer, 1855) (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae (incertae sedis)). Entomologia Africana 17(2): 55- 64. LARSEN, T.B. & COLLINS, S.C. 2013. Kobelana: a new genus for two South African skippers currently placed in Calleagris Aurivillius (as C. kobela Aurivillius, 1925 and C. krooni Vári, 1974) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae: Tagiadini). Metamorphosis 23: 8-15. LARSEN, T.B. & CONGDON, T.C.E. 2011. Triskelionia, a new African genus of the Celaenorrhinini (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) and the promotion of T. compacta to species-status. Zootaxa 2931: 53-58. LARSEN, T.B. & CONGDON, T.C.E. 2012. The genus Ampittia in Africa with the description of a new species (Hesperiinae; Aeromachini) and three new species in the genera Andronymus and Chondrolepis (Hesperiinae, incertae sedis) (Lepidoptera; Hesperiidae). Zootaxa 3322: 49-62. LARSEN, T.B., & DALL’ASTA, U. 1994. Liste provisoire commentée de papillons (Rhopalocera & Grypocera) de la Foret Classé de Bossématié (Est de la Côte d‟Ivoire) – Rapport Lepidoptera nr. 2. Mimeographed report. Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren. LARSEN, T. [B.], & LARSEN, K. 1980. Butterflies of Oman. Bartholomew Books, Edinburgh: 1-80. LARSEN, T.B., & MEI, M. 1998. Butterflies from a Guinea savannah transition area, the Parc National du Haut Niger (Republic of Guinea), with description of a new subspecies of Platylesches robustus (Lepidoptera Hesperiidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 130(3): 255-272. LARSEN, T.B., & PEDGLEY, D.E. 1985. Indian migrant butterflies displaced to Arabia by monsoon storm “Aurora” in August 1983. Ecological Entomology 10(2): 235-238. LARSEN, T.B., & PITTAWAY, A.R. 1982. Notes on the ecology, biology and taxonomy of Apharitis acamas (Klug) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Entomologists’ Gazette 33: 163-168. LARSEN, T.B., & PLOWES, R.M. 1991. The status of Myrina silenus (F.) in southern Africa and the proposal of a new subspecific name (Lepidoptera; Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 2(4): 5-8. LARSEN, T.B., & PLOWES, R. 1992. Butterfly collecting in the Tswapong Hills, Botswana (September 1991). Metamorphosis 3(1): 18-20. LARSEN, T.B., PYRCZ, T.W., SAFIAN, S. & WARREN-GASH, H. 2009. Two biogeographically significant new species of Euriphene Boisduval, 1847 from West Africa and Nigeria: E. epe Pyrcz & Larsen and E. taigola Sáfián & Warren-Gash (Lepidoptera: Nymphalinae: Adoliadini). Metamorphosis 20(3): 89-99. LARSEN, T.B. & RAWLINS, J. 2014. A new species of skipper in the Afrotropical genus Procampta Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae: Tagiadini). Annals of Carnegie Museum 82(4): 331-335. LARSEN, T.B., RILEY, J., & CORNES, M.A. 1980. The butterfly fauna of a secondary bush locality in Nigeria. Journal of Research in Lepidoptera 18: 4-23. LARSEN, T.B. & VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 2012. The name Bicyclus safitza (Westwood, 1850) should continue to be used (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). SHILAP Revista lepidopterologia 40 (157): 85-86. LARSEN, T.B., VANE-WRIGHT, R.I., KUNTE, K. & NAZARI, V. 2009. Papilio danae Fabricius, 1775 [currently Colotis danae] (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pieridae): proposed conservation of prevailing usage by the suppression of Papilio danae Hufnagel, 1766, for the purposes of homonymy. Journal of Zoological Nomenclature 66(3): 250- 255. xxxii

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LARSEN, T.B., YAGO, M., VANE-WRIGHT, R.I., WILLIAMS, M., UEDA, K. & YOKOCHI, T. 2011. Case 3503. Papilio hesperus Westwood, 1843 (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Papilionidae): proposed conservation by the suppression of Papilio hesperus Fabricius, 1793 (Nymphalidae). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 68(3): 190- 196. ADUSE-POKU, K., ODURO, W., OPPONG, S.K., LARSEN, T., OFORI-BOATENG, C. & MOLLEMAN, F. 2012. Spatial and temporal variation in butterfly biodiversity in a West African forest: lessons for establishing efficient rapid monitoring programmes. African Journal of Ecology 50(3): 326-334. BALLETTO, E., & LARSEN, T.B. 1985. On a small collection of butterflies from Yemen. Monitore Zoologica Italiano Supplemento 20: 121-133. BELCASTRO, C., & LARSEN, T.B. 1996. The Pteroteinon caenira-complex of African skippers, with the description of a new species (P. concaenira) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Lambillionea 96(4) (Tome I): 616-622. BELCASTRO, C., & LARSEN, T.B. 2006. Butterflies as an indicator group for the conservation value of the Gola Forests in Sierra Leone. Report to the Gola Forest Conservation Concession Project (GFCCP). BELCASTRO, C., & LARSEN, T.B. 2008. Chapter 5 – Butterflies. In: KLOP, E., LINDSELL, J. & SIAKA, A. 2008. Biodiversity of Gola Forest, Sierra Leone. A survey of Gola‟s mammals, birds, butterflies, dragonflies and damselflies, trees and non-woody plants forest structure. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Conservation Society of Sierra Leone & Government of Sierra Leone. United Kingdom. BRAKEFIELD, P.M., & LARSEN, T.B. 1984. The evolutionary significance of dry and wet season forms in some tropical butterflies. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 22(1): 1-12. CLARKE, C.A., & LARSEN, T.B. 1986. Speciation problems in the Papilio machaon group of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Systematic Entomology 11(2): 175-181. COLLINS, S.C., CONGDON, T.C.E., HENNING, G.A., LARSEN, T.B. & WILLIAMS, M.C. 2013a. A review of d’Abrera’s Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region – Part III (second edition), 2009 – Part 1. Metamorphosis 24: 25- 34. COLLINS, S.C., CONGDON, T.C.E., HENNING, G.A., LARSEN, T.B. & WILLIAMS, M.C. 2013b. A review of d‟Abrera’s Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region – Part III (second edition), 2009 – Part 2 (Miletinae and Poritiinae). Metamorphosis 24: 44-56. COLLINS, S.C., CONGDON, T.C.E., HENNING, G.A., LARSEN, T.B. & WILLIAMS, M.C. 2014. A review of d'Abrera's Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region – Part III (second edition) – Part 3 (Theclinae, Polyommatinae and Riodinidae). Metamorphosis 25: 111-124. COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 1991. Description of new genera, species, and subspecies discovered as part of the research for the book “The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history”. In: Larsen-TB The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford: i-xxi, 1-490. Chapter pagination: 438-445. COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 1994. The Abantis bismarcki-group of skipper butterflies, with the description of Abantis bamptoni sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Entomologists' Record and Journal of Variation 106(1- 2): 1-5. COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 1995a. Pseudaletis malangi a remarkable new butterfly from the Republic of Guinea (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 95(3) (Tome II): 429-431. COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 1995b. A new species of Gretna from Cameroun (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Lambillionea 95(4) (Tome II): 561-562. COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 1995c. A new Iolaus from the Shaba Province of Zaire (Lepidoptera; Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 95(4) (Tome II): 563-564. COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 1996. Baliochila warrengashi, a new butterfly from the Usambara mountains in Tanzania (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 96(3) (Tome 1): 465-466. COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 1997. Three new species of Euriphene from Cameroun and Congo. (Nymphalidae: Limenitinae). Lambillionea 97(4) (Tome II): 597-600. COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 1998a. Neptis marci sp. nov. - an unusual new sub-montane butterfly from Kivu, Zaire. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 110(7-8): 161-164. COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 1998b. Two new genera and eight new species of African Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera) – ABRI research paper No. 1. Metamorphosis 9(2): 66-85. COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 2000. Eight new species and five new subspecies of African butterflies (Rhopalocera) – an ABRI research paper. Metamorphosis 11(2): 57-75. COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 2005. New species and subspecies of African butterflies. In; LARSEN, T.B. 2005. Butterflies of West Africa. Apollo Books, Denmark: 1-595, 1-270. Chapter pagination: 547-560. COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 2008. Eighteen new species, five new subspecies, and interesting data on other African butterflies – Fourth ABRI research paper. Metamorphosis 19(2): 42-113. COLLINS, S.C. & LARSEN, T.B. 2013. A new species in the Afrotropical skipper genus Artitropa from São Tomé and Principe (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae (incertae sedis)). Metamorphosis 24: 20-24. xxxiii

Volume 26 METAMORPHOSIS ISSN 1018–6490 (PRINT) LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY OF AFRICA ISSN 2307–5031 (ONLINE)

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COLLINS, S.C., LARSEN, T.B., & WARREN-GASH, H. 2003. Notes on Afrotropical butterflies with the description of eleven new species and four new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) – ABRI Research Paper No. 3. Metamorphosis 14(3): 63-110. DALL’ASTA, U., HECQ, J., & LARSEN, T.B. 1994. L’emploi de papillons de jour (Insectes: Rhopalocera & Grypocera) comme “espèces monitrices” et “espèces indicatrices” dans le project de rehabilitation des fôrets dans l‟Est de la Côte d’Ivoire. Rapport Lepidoptera, nr. 1. Musée Royal de l‟Afrique Centrale (conference paper). 47pp. EMMEL, T.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 1997. Butterfly diversity in Ghana, West Africa. Tropical Lepidoptera 8 (Supplement 3): 1-13. FERMON, H., WALTERT, M., LARSEN, T.B., DALL’ASTA, U., & MUEHLENBERG, M. 2000. Effects of forest management on diversity and abundance of fruit-feeding nymphalid butterflies in south-eastern Cote d’Ivoire. Journal of Insect Conservation 4(3): 173-189. FRIC, Z., DICKINSON, R., FETOUH, V., LARSEN, T.B., SCHÖN, W. & WIEMERS, M. 2014. First record of the cycad blue, Chilades pandava, in Egypt – a new invasive butterfly species in the Mediterranean region and on the African continent. (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). African Entomology, 22(2):315-319. HARRISON-SMITH, P., & LARSEN, T.B. 1975. The salmon Arab. Aramco World Magazine 25(5): 58-60. HECQ, J., & LARSEN, T.B. 1997. New butterflies from the Okumo Nature Sanctuary in Nigeria (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 97(1) (Tome II): 101-104. HECQ, J., & LARSEN, T.B. 1998. Bebearia banksi, nouvelle espèce (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 98(3) (Tome I): 359-360. JOHN, E., GASCOIGNE-PEES, M. & LARSEN, T.B. 2010. Ypthima asterope (Klug, 1832) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae): its biogeography, lifecycle, ecology and present status in Cyprus, with additional notes from Rhodes and the eastern Mediterranean. Entomologists’ Gazette 61: 1-22. LIBERT, M. & LARSEN, T.B. Genus Bettonula gen. nov. in LIBERT, M. 2014. Sur la taxononomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 103–107 + plate VIII (1–272 + XXVI plates). McBRIDE, C.S., VAN VELZEN, R. & LARSEN, T.B. 2009. Allopatric origin of cryptic butterfly species that were discovered feeding on distinct host plants in sympatry. Molecular Ecology 18: 3639-3651. MITTER, K.T., LARSEN, T.B., DE PRINS, W., DE PRINS, J., COLLINS, S., VANDE WEGHE, G., SAFIAN, S., ZAKHAROV, E.V., HAWTHORNE, D.J., KAWAHARA, A.Y. & REGIER, J.C. 2011. The butterfly subfamily Pseudopontiinae is not monobasic: marked genetic diversity and morphology reveal three new species of Pseudopontia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Systematic Entomology 36(1): 139-163. NAZARI, V., LARSEN, T.B., LEES, D.C., BRATTSTROM, O., BOUYER, T., VAN DE POEL, G. & HEBERT, P.D.N. 2011. Phylogenetic systematics of Colotis and associated genera (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0969.2011.00620.x NAZARI, V., LARSEN, T.B., LEES, D.C., BRATTSTROM, O., BOUYER, T., VAN DE POEL, G. & HEBERT, P.D.N. 2012. Phylogenetic systematics of Colotis and associated genera (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): evolutionary and taxonomic implications. Entomo-Info 22(4): 57-63. OTTO, H.H. & LARSEN, T.B. 2014. A new locality for Euchrysops osiris (Hopffer, 1855) in Sohar, Oman. Metamorphosis, 25: 149–151. PITTAWAY, A.R., LARSEN, T.B., CLARKE, C.A., SMITH, C.R., CRNJAR, R., & CLARKE, F.M.M. 1994. Papilio saharae Oberthur, 1879, specifically distinct from Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Entomologist's Gazette 45(4): 223-249. PITTAWAY, A.R., LARSEN, T.B., LEGRAIN, A., MAJER, J., WEIDENHOFFER, Z., & GILLET, M. 2006. The establishment of an American butterfly in the Arabian Gulf: Brephidium exilis (Boisduval, 1852) (Lycaenidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 29(1-2): 5-16. SÁFIÁN, S. & LARSEN, T.B. 2009. On the ecology and behavior of Cerautola crowleyi (Sharpe, 1890), Cerautola ceraunia (Hewitson, 1873) and Cerautola miranda (Staudinger, 1889) with descriptions of early stages (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Epitolini). Tropical Lepidoptera Research 19(1): 22-28. STORK, N.E., SRIVASTAVA, D.S., WATT, A.D., & LARSEN, T.B. 2003. Butterfly diversity and silvicultural practice in lowland rainforests of Cameroon. Biodiversity and Conservation 12(3): 387-410. VAN VELZEN, R., LARSEN, T.B. & BAKKER, F.T. 2009. A new hidden species of the Cymothoe caenis- complex (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from western Africa. Zootaxa 2197: 53-63. WIEMERS, M., ACOSTA-FERNANDEZ, B. & LARSEN, T.B. 2013. On the recent invasion of the Canary Islands by two butterfly species, with the first record of Leptotes pirithous (Linnaeus, 1767) from Gran Canaria, Spain (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Shilap Revista de Lepidopterologia 41(161): 95-104.

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NEW TAXA DESCRIBED BY TORBEN B. LARSEN

Fixsenia ledereri nazeri LARSEN, 1974. Type locality; Lebanon, Jabal Kesrouan. (T.B. Larsen leg.) Alexanor 7: 301. Meleageria daphnis hayesi LARSEN, 1974. Type locality: Lebanon, Lebanon, Antilebanon, Nabi Sbaat. (T.B. Larsen leg.) Alexanor 7: 304. Agrodiaetus deebi LARSEN, 1974. Type locality: Lebanon, Antilebanon, Nabi Sbaat, (T.B. Larsen leg.) Alexanor 7: 305. Aricia crassipuncta bassoni LARSEN, 1974. Type locality: Lebanon, Jabal Kesrouan (T.B. Larsen leg.) Butterflies of Lebanon: 172. (since raised to species rank) Tarucus kiki LARSEN, 1976. Type locality: Nigeria, Kaduna (T.B. Larsen leg.) Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental de l’Afrique Noire, A. 37: 684. Euriphene kiki BENARDI & LARSEN, 1980. Type locality: Nigeria, near Abeokuta (T.B. Larsen leg.) D’ABRERA, B. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region: 290. Neptis serena annah LARSEN, 1982. Type locality: Yemen, Udayin, Wadi Annah (T.B. Larsen leg.) Biologiske Skrifter, Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 23: 31. Genus Tuxentius LARSEN, 1982. Type species: Castalius melaena Trimen, 1887. Biologiske Skrifter, Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 23: 45. Cacyreus niebuhri LARSEN, 1982. Type locality: Yemen, Ibb, Jabal Bada’an (T.B. Larsen leg.) Biologiske Skrifter, Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 23: 43. Lepidochrysops forsskali LARSEN, 1982. Type locality: Yemen, Dalil (T.B. Larsen leg.) Biologiske Skrifter, Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 23: 50. Euchloe falloui saudi LARSEN, 1983. Type locality: Saudi Arabia, Riyadh (A.R. Pittaway leg.) Fauna of Saudi Arabia 5: 353. Chloroselas esmeralda bilqis LARSEN, 1983. Type locality: Yemen, Wadi Sharas (T.B. Larsen leg.) Fauna of Saudi Arabia 5: 381. Anthene arora LARSEN, 1983. Type locality: Yemen, Wadi Dahr (T.B. Larsen leg.) Fauna of Saudi Arabia 5: 389. Lepidochrysops haveni LARSEN, 1983. Type locality: Yemen, Wadi Sharas (T.B. Larsen leg.) Fauna of Saudi Arabia 5: 407. Lepidochrysops pittawayi LARSEN, 1983. Type locality: Saudi Arabia, Asir, near Taif. (A.R. Pittaway leg.) Fauna of Saudi Arabia 5: 408. Mylothris rueppelli josi LARSEN, 1986. Type locality: Nigeria, Plateau State, Jos. (T.B. Larsen leg.) Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental de l’Afrique Noire A. 45: 153. Micropentila mamfe LARSEN, 1986. Type locality: Ghana, Mamfe (T.B. Larsen leg.) Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental de l’Afrique Noire A. 45: 155. Aphnaeus carcassoni LARSEN, 1986. Type locality: Tanzania, M’Pala (actually in SE Zaire). Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental de l’Afrique Noire A. 45: 157. Epamera normani LARSEN, 1986. Type locality: Nigeria, Kaduna, Anara Forest Reserve, (S. Norman leg.) Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental de l’Afrique Noire A. 45: 158. Hypolycaena hatita anara LARSEN, 1986. Type locality: Nigeria, Kaduna, Anara Forest Reserve, (S. Norman leg.) Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental de l’Afrique Noire A. 45: 160. Graphium porthaon mackiei COLLINS & LARSEN, 1991. Type locality: Kenya, Meru Forest (S.C. Collins leg.) LARSEN, 1991. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history: 438. Chloroselas trembathi COLLINS & LARSEN, 1991. Type locality: Kenya, Meru Natl Park (D.A. Trembath leg.) LARSEN, 1991. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history: 439. Actis perigrapha baginei COLLINS & LARSEN, 1991. Type locality: Kenya, Kakamega Forest (S.C. Collins leg.) LARSEN, 1991. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history: 439. Anthene bjoernstadi COLLINS & LARSEN, 1991. Type locality: Kenya, Kakamega Forest (L. Bjørnstad leg.) LARSEN, 1991. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history: 440. Leptotes adamsoni COLLINS & LARSEN, 1991. Type locality: Kenya, Tana River, Kora Rock (A.R. Pittaway) LARSEN, 1991. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history: 440. Charaxes acuminatus stonehamiana COLLINS & LARSEN, 1991. Type locality: Kenya, Mount Elgon (S.C. Collins leg.) LARSEN, 1991. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history: 441. Charaxes baumanni nyiro COLLINS & LARSEN, 1991. Type locality: Kenya, Mount Nyiro (S.C. Collins) LARSEN, 1991. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history: 441. Neptis katama COLLINS & LARSEN, 1991. Type locality: Kenya, Aberdares, Katamayu (S.C. Collins) LARSEN, 1991. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history: 442. Neptis woodwardi translima COLLINS & LARSEN, 1991. Type locality: Kenya, Aberdares., Katamayu (S.C. Collins) LARSEN, 1991. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history: 443.

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Genus Mallika COLLINS & LARSEN, 1991. Type species: Kallima jacksoni Sharpe, 1896. LARSEN, 1991. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history: 443. Genus Kamilla COLLINS & LARSEN, 1991. Type species: Papilio cymodoce Cramer, 1777. LARSEN, 1991. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history: 444. Kedestes nancy COLLINS & LARSEN, 1991. Type locality: Kenya, Machakos (National Museums, Nairobi) LARSEN, 1991. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history: 444. Myrina silenus suzannae LARSEN & PLOWES, 1991. Type locality: Namibia (R.P. Plowes leg.) Metamorphosis 2: 5-8. Abantis bamptoni COLLINS & LARSEN, 1994. Type locality: Solwezi, N. Zambia. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation.106: 1-5. Diopetes kakumi LARSEN, 1994. Type locality: Kakum National Park, Ghana (T.B. Larsen leg) Tropical Lepidoptera 5: 83-84. Anthene helpsi LARSEN, 1994. Type locality: Atewa Range, Kibi, Ghana (T.G.P. Helps leg.) Lambillionea 94: 550-552. Iolaus newporti LARSEN, 1994. Type locality: Zuru, Sokoto, Nigeria (M. Newport leg.) Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 106: 197-200. Liptena priscilla LARSEN, 1995. Type locality: Obudu Plateau, Nigeria (R. St. Leger leg.) Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation. 107: 29-32. Pseudaletis malangi COLLINS & LARSEN, 1995. Type locality: Dara/Labé, Fouta Djalon, Guinea (M. Mane leg.) Lambillionea 95: 429-431. Neptis ochracea reductata LARSEN, 1995. Replacement name for N. ochracea reducta Kielland, 1979. Carcasson’s African Butterflies: 53. Iolaus shaba COLLINS & LARSEN, 1995. Type locality: Musononu, Shaba, Zaïre (V. Allard leg.) Lambillionea, 95: 563-564. Gretna leakeyi COLLINS & LARSEN, 1995. Type locality: Djoum (Sangmelinae), S. Cameroun. (ABRI leg.) Lambillionea. 95: 561-562. Hypokopelates boormani LARSEN, 1996. Type locality: Eastern Nigeria (F. Davey leg.) Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation. 108: 7-9. Pseudathyma legeri LARSEN & BOORMAN, 1995. Type locality: Obudu Plateau, Nigeria (St. Leger). Lambillionea. 95: 611-613. Neptis agouale parallela COLLINS & LARSEN, 1996. Type locality: Kakamega, Kenya (S.C. Collins). Butterflies of Kenya, 2nd edition: 498. Iolaus (Etesiolaus) kyabobo LARSEN, 1996. Type locality: Kyabobo Natl. Park, Ghana (T.B. Larsen leg.) Lambillionea 96: 275. Baliochila warrengashi COLLINS & LARSEN, 1996. Type locality: Ambangulu, Usambara, Tanzania (H. Warren-Gash leg.) Lambillionea 96:465. Pteroteinon concaenira BELCASTRO & LARSEN, 1996. Type locality: Ghana, Ankasa N. P. (T.B. Larsen leg.) Lambillionea 96: 619-620. Uranothauma belcastroi LARSEN, 1997. Type locality: Côte d’Ivoire, Mt. Tonkoui (Belcastro) Lambillionea 97: 5-6. Bebearia flaminia leventisi HECQ & LARSEN, 1997. Type locality: Nigeria, Edo State, Okomu (T.B. Larsen leg.) Lambillionea 97: 102-103. Cymothoe hypatha okomu HECQ & LARSEN, 1997. Type locality: Nigeria, Edo State, Okomu (T.B. Larsen leg.) Lambillionea, 97: 102-103. Hypolycaena clenchi LARSEN, 1997. Type locality: Ghana, Kakum (T.B. Larsen leg.) Metamorphosis 6: 172-182. Hypolycaena kakumi LARSEN, 1997. Type locality: Ghana, Kakum (T.B. Larsen leg.) Metamorphosis 6: 172-182. Hypolycaena lebona davenporti LARSEN, 1997. Type locality: Uganda, Kayonza Forest (van Someren leg.) Metamorphosis 6: 172-182. Euriphene splendida COLLINS & LARSEN, 1997. Type locality: Bena, Congo (ABRI leg.) Lambillionea 97: 597. Euriphene amieti COLLINS & LARSEN, 1997. Type locality: Cameroun, Kribi (ABRI leg.) Lambillionea 97: 598. Euriphene hecqui COLLINS & LARSEN, 1997. Type locality: Cameroun, Nyanzanga (ABRI leg.) Lambillionea 97: 599. Neptis marci LARSEN, 1998. Type locality: Rwanda, Butuhe (ABRI leg.) Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 110: 161-164. Tetrarhanis baralingam LARSEN, 1998. Type locality: Ghana, Kakum (T.B. Larsen leg.) Lambillionea 98: 78. Tetrarhanis okwangwo LARSEN, 1998. Type locality: Nigeria, Okwangwo (T.B. Larsen leg.) Lambillionea 98: 78. xxxvi

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Eresiomera kiellandi LARSEN, 1998. Type locality: NW Tanzania, Minziro Forest (J. Kielland) Kielland’s Butterflies of Tanzania, Supplement: 62. Anthene atewa LARSEN & COLLINS, 1998. Type locality: Ghana, Atewa Range (T.B. Larsen leg.) Lambillionea 98: 373. Anthene emkopoti LARSEN & COLLINS, 1998. Type locality: Nigeria, Oban Hills, Mkpot 1 (T.B. Larsen) Lambillionea 98: 373. Bebearia banksi HECQ & LARSEN, 1998. Type locality: Ghana, Kakum (on video, John & Pam Banks) Lambillionea 98: 359. Genus Obania COLLINS & LARSEN, 1998. Genotype: Liptena subvariegata Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1890. Metamorphosis 9: 67. Genus Kakumia COLLINS & LARSEN, 1998. Genotype: Liptena otlauga Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1890. Metamorphosis 9: 67. Ornipholidotos jax COLLINS & LARSEN, 1998. Type locality: Central African Republic, Bangui area. (ABRI leg.) Metamorphosis 9: 70. Ornipholidotos irwini COLLINS & LARSEN, 1998. Type locality: Cameroun, Batanga. (ABRI leg.) Metamorphosis 9:72. Eresiomera isca occidentalis COLLINS & LARSEN, 1998. Type locality: Ghana, Atewa Range. (P. Walwanda leg.) Metamorphosis 9: 75. Eresiomera phillipi COLLINS & LARSEN, 1998. Type locality: Central African Republic, Bangui (ABRI leg.) Metamorphosis 9: 74. Eresiomera campbelli COLLINS & LARSEN, 1998. Type locality: Cameroun, Mt. Kamelon (S.C. Collins leg.) Metamorphosis 9: 76. Eresiomera nancy COLLINS & LARSEN, 1998. Type locality: Cameroun, Ebogo (ABRI leg.) Metamorphosis 9: 76. Iolaus (Epamera) djaloni COLLINS & LARSEN, 1998. Type locality: Guinea, Fouta Djalon, Labé (M. Mane leg.) Metamorphosis 9: 81. Iolaus (Iolaphilus) icipe COLLINS & LARSEN, 1998. Type locality: Central African Republic, Bangui (ABRI leg.) Metamorphosis 9: 82. Diopetes ducarmei COLLINS & LARSEN, 1998. Type locality: Eastern Zaïre, Mt. Atonza (R. Ducarme leg.) Metamorphosis 9: 83. Platylesches robustus fofi LARSEN & Mei, 1998. Type locality: Guinea, Upper Niger. Bol. Soc. entomol. ital. 130: 255-272. Katreus drucei LARSEN, 1999. New name for Katreus f. drucei Evans, 1937. Butterflies of West Africa. CD ROM. Cephetola collinsi LIBERT & LARSEN, 1999. Type locality: Ghana, Aburi (T.B. Larsen leg.) Revision des Epitola: 181. Lepidochrysops labeensis LARSEN & WARREN-GASH, 2000. Type locality: Guinea, Labé (H. Warren-Gash leg.) Lambillionea 100: 211-214. Ornipholidotos stempfferi Collins & Larsen, 2000. Type locality: Cameroun, Sangmelina, Nyangazi. (ABRI leg.) Metamorphosis 11: 59. Ornipholidotos dowsetti COLLINS & LARSEN, 2000. Type locality: Congo, Odzala National Park (R.J. Dowsett leg) Metamorphosis 11: 59. Ornipholidotos kivu COLLINS & LARSEN, 2000. Type locality: Zaïre, Kivu, Beni (R. Ducarme leg.) Metamorphosis 11: 60. Ornipholidotos nancy COLLINS & LARSEN, 2000. Type locality: Congo, Kelle (T. H. E. Jackson coll.) Metamorphosis 11: 61. Iolaus longicauda haydoni COLLINS & LARSEN, 2000. Type locality: Côte d’Ivoire, Banco (H. Warren-Gash leg.) Metamorphosis 11: 62. Iolaus caesareus cleopatrae COLLINS & LARSEN, 2000. Type locality: Congo, Odzala National Park (R.J. Dowsett leg.) Metamorphosis 11: 63. Iolaus carolinae COLLINS & LARSEN, 2000. Type locality: Côte d’Ivoire, Béréby, (Warren-Gash leg.) Metamorphosis 11: 64. Hypokopelates viridis parallela COLLINS & LARSEN, 2000. Type locality: Guinea, Fouta Djalon, Labé. Metamorphosis 11: 65. Capys stuarti COLLINS & LARSEN, 2000. Type locality: Nigeria, Jos, Anara Forest. Metamorphosis 11: 65. Cymothoe althea bobi COLLINS & LARSEN, 2000. Type locality: Nigeria, Idoma Division (R. St Leger leg.) Metamorphosis 11: 66. Acraea oreas oboti COLLINS & LARSEN, 2000. Type locality: Nigeria, Obudu (R. St Leger leg.) Metamorphosis 11: 67. xxxvii

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Celaenorrhinus nimba COLLINS & LARSEN, 2000. Type locality: Côte d’Ivoire, Nimba, Yéalé (H. Warren-Gash) Metamorphosis 11: 67. Ceratrichia lewisi COLLINS & LARSEN, 2000. Type locality: Nigeria, Obudu (C. S. Lewis leg.) Metamorphosis 11: 68. Paracleros staudei COLLINS & LARSEN, 2000. Type locality: Kenya, Kakamega (ABRI leg.) Metamorphosis 11: 69. Celaenorrhinus milleri COLLINS & LARSEN, 2003. Type locality: Cameroon: “Dja Forest”. Metamorphosis 14(3): 100. Capys vorgasi LARSEN & COLLINS, 2003. Type locality: Ghana: “Volta Region, Likpe”. Metamorphosis 14(3): 93. Ceratrichia nothus yakoli COLLINS & LARSEN, 2003. Type locality: Central African Republic: “near Bangui, Bimon”. Metamorphosis 14(3): 103. Euphaedra sarcoptera styx LARSEN & WARREN-GASH, 2003. Type locality: Ivory Coast: “Tai National Park”. Metamorphosis 14(3): 97. Fresna jacquelinae COLLINS & LARSEN, 2003. Type locality: Cameroon: “south of Yaounde, Ebogo”. Metamorphosis 14(3): 105. Iolaus christofferi COLLINS & LARSEN, 2003. Type locality: Cameroon: “Wak, Ngaoundere, northern Cameroun”. Metamorphosis 14(3): 79. Iolaus likpe COLLINS & LARSEN, 2003. Type locality: Ghana: “Volta Region, Likpe”. Metamorphosis 14(3): 90. Iolaus mane COLLINS & LARSEN, 2003. Type locality: Guinea: “Fouta Djalon, Labe area”. Metamorphosis 14(3): 81. Lepidochrysops dunni LARSEN & COLLINS, 2003. Type locality: Nigeria: “Northern Nigeria, Kaduna”. Metamorphosis 14(3): 95. Liptena ferrymani bissau COLLINS & LARSEN, 2003. Type locality: Guinea-Bissau: “Buba”. Metamorphosis 14(3): 73. Liptena seyboui WARREN-GASH & LARSEN, 2003. Type locality: Ivory Coast: “100 km west of Abidjan, Alepe”. Metamorphosis 14(3): 74. Mylothris aburi LARSEN & COLLINS, 2003. Type locality: Ghana: “Near Accra, Aburi Botanical Gardens”. Metamorphosis 14(3): 66. Pentila bennetti COLLINS & LARSEN, 2003. Type locality: Guinea: “Conakry, Dubreka”. Metamorphosis 14 (3): 68. Abantis tanobia COLLINS & LARSEN, 2005. Type locality: Ghana: “Tano Ofin”. In Larsen, 2005. Butterflies of West Africa: 558. Alaena exotica COLLINS & LARSEN, 2005. Nigeria: “Plateau State, Jos Town”. In Larsen, 2005. Butterflies of West Africa: 547. Cupidesthes pungusei COLLINS & LARSEN, 2005. Type locality: Ghana: “Cape Coast, Kakum”. In Larsen, 2005. Butterflies of West Africa: 550. Anthene starki LARSEN, 2005. Type locality: Ghana: “Volta Region, Kyabobo National Park”. In Larsen, 2005. Butterflies of West Africa, 549. Celaenorrhinus ankasa LARSEN & MILLER, 2005. Type locality: Ghana: “Kibi, Atewa Range”. In Larsen, 2005. Butterflies of West Africa: 555. Celaenorrhinus aureus COLLINS & LARSEN, 2005. Type locality: Congo: “Vouka”. In Larsen, 2005. Butterflies of West Africa: 557. Bebearia omo LARSEN & WARREN, 2005. Type locality: Nigeria: “Ogun State, Omo Forest.” In Larsen, 2005. Butterflies of West Africa: 553. Charaxes chevroti COLLINS & LARSEN, 2005. Type locality: Nigeria: “Kafanchan, Kagoro Forest”. In Larsen, 2005a. Butterflies of West Africa: 550. Cupidesthes salvatoris BELCASTRO & LARSEN, 2005. Type locality: Sierra Leone: “Freetown, Guma Valley Forest”. In Larsen, 2005. Butterflies of West Africa: 549. Eagris tigris liberti COLLINS & LARSEN, 2005. Type locality: Nigeria: “Oban Hills”. In Larsen, 2005. Butterflies of West Africa: 557. Eresina schmitti LARSEN, 2005. Type locality: Nigeria: “Cross River State, Oban Hills, Lower Kwa River”. In Larsen, 2005. Butterflies of West Africa: 548. Euphaedra dubreka COLLINS & LARSEN, 2005. Type locality: Guinea: “Dubreka”. In Larsen, 2005. Butterflies of West Africa: 554. Euphaedra francina exuberans COLLINS & LARSEN, 2005. Type locality: Ghana: “Atewa Range, Sagamase”. In Larsen, 2005. Butterflies of West Africa: 555.

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Volume 26 METAMORPHOSIS ISSN 1018–6490 (PRINT) LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY OF AFRICA ISSN 2307–5031 (ONLINE)

NEW TAXA DESCRIBED BY TORBEN B. LARSEN (CONTD.)

Iolaus normani meamui COLLINS & LARSEN, 2005. Type locality: Guinea: “Fouta Djalon, Labé area”. In Larsen, 2005. Butterflies of West Africa: 548. Melphina maximiliani BELCASTRO & LARSEN, 2005. Type locality: Ghana: “Cape Coast, Kissi”. In Larsen, 2005. Butterflies of West Africa: 559. Neptis carlsbergi COLLINS & LARSEN, 2005. Type locality: Nigeria: “Oban Hills, Mkpot1”. In Larsen, 2005. Butterflies of West Africa: 551. Neptis claude COLLINS & LARSEN, 2005. Type locality: Cameroon: “Djoum”. In Larsen, 2005. Butterflies of West Africa: 553. Celaenorrhinus sagamase COLLINS & LARSEN, 2005. Type locality: Ghana: “Atewa Range, Sagamase”. In Larsen, 2005. Butterflies of West Africa: 556. Abantis ja usheri COLLINS & LARSEN, 2008. Type locality: Ghana: “Ghana, Central Region, Atewa Range, (06°16'N 00°34'W)”. Metamorphosis 19(2): 89. Acleros bobiri COLLINS & LARSEN, 2008. Type locality: Ghana: “Hohoe, Volta Region (06°60'N 00°46'E)”. Metamorphosis 19(2): 95. Aphnaeus marci COLLINS & LARSEN, 2008. Type locality: Cameroon: Wak (07 42 N, 13 33 E)”. Metamorphosis 19(2): 67. Bebearia staudingeri carensis COLLINS & LARSEN, 2008. Type locality: Central African Republic: “Moloundou [near Bangui], (04 30'N 17 45'E)”. Metamorphosis 19(2): 83. Bebearia staudingeri okomu COLLINS & LARSEN, 2008. Type locality: Nigeria: “Edo State, Okomu National Park (06 26'N 05 10'E)”. Metamorphosis 19(2): 83. Bicyclus sealeae COLLINS & LARSEN, 2008. Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: “Bioko, nr Moka, 1,700 m (03°33'N 08°67'E)”. Metamorphosis 19(2): 75. Cooksonia abri COLLINS & LARSEN, 2008. Type locality: Cameroon: “Northern Cameroun, Waak [Wak] (07°70'N 13°55'E)”. Metamorphosis 19(2): 49. Cooksonia ginettae COLLINS & LARSEN, 2008. Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “East Kivu, Mitumba Mountains, Kasuo, 1,800 m (00 14'S 29 01'E)”. Metamorphosis 19(2): 51. Gorgyra warreni COLLINS & LARSEN, 2008. Type locality: Nigeria: “Obudu Plateau (06°25'N 09°19'E)”. Metamorphosis 19(2): 91. Graphium almansor dufranei COLLINS & LARSEN, 2008. Type locality: Guinea: “Fouta Djalon, Labé (11°32'N 12°28'W)”. Metamorphosis 19(2): 44. Hewitsonia kuehnei COLLINS & LARSEN, 2008. Type locality: Kenya: “Kakamega Forest (00° 17'N 34° 45'E)”. Metamorphosis 19(2): 65. Iolaus adorabilis COLLINS & LARSEN, 2008. Type locality: “Nigeria, Cross River State, Obudu Plateau, 1,300 m (06° 26'N 09° 19'E)”. Metamorphosis 19(2): 71. Iolaus ofere COLLINS & LARSEN, 2008. Type locality: Nigeria: “Nigeria, Cross River State, Obudu Plateau, 1,300 m (06° 26'N 09° 19''E))”. Metamorphosis 19(2): 69. Iridana agneshorvathae COLLINS, LARSEN & SAFIAN, 2008. Type locality: Ghana: “Ghana, Western Region, Bia National Park (05° 46'N 08° 67'W)”. Metamorphosis 19(2): 63. Liptena bia LARSEN & WARREN-GASH, 2008. Type locality: Ghana: “Central Region, Sagamase (00° 17'N 34° 45'E)”. Metamorphosis 19(2): 60. Liptena liberti COLLINS & LARSEN, 2008. Type locality: Cameroon: “Bikoman (03° 26'N 11° 52'E)”. Metamorphosis 19(2): 58. Liptena lloydi COLLINS & LARSEN, 2008. Type locality: Central African Republic: “Bookoko [near Bangui] (04° 30'N 17° 45'E)”. Metamorphosis 19(2): 54. Liptena minziro COLLINS & LARSEN, 2008. Type locality: Tanzania: “Bukoba, Minziro Forest (01° 20'S 31° 49'E)”. Metamorphosis 19(2): 56. Meza gardineri COLLINS & LARSEN, 2008. Type locality: Zambia: “NW Province, Ikelenge (11°15'S 24°16'E)”. Metamorphosis 19(2): 94. Platylesches hassani COLLINS & LARSEN, 2008. Type locality: Zambia: “Ikelenge, Hillwood (11°15'S 24°16'E)”. Metamorphosis 19(2): 106. Platylesches heathi COLLINS & LARSEN, 2008. Type locality: Zambia: “Mundwiji Plain, 40 km E of Mwinilunga (11°45'S 24°26'E)”. Metamorphosis 19(2): 104. Pyrrhochalcia iphis dejongi COLLINS & LARSEN, 2008. Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Equateur, Kuluboko, 60 km from Mbandaka (00°01'N 18°20'E)”. Metamorphosis 19(2): 86. Cymothoe druryi VAN VELZEN & LARSEN, 2009. Type locality: Sierra Leone: “?”. Zootaxa 2197: 57. Euriphene epe PYRCZ & LARSEN, 2009. Type locality: Nigeria: “Lagos State, 5 km before Epe (6°28'25"N 3°47'20"E), 10 m.”. Metamorphosis 20(3): 90.

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Volume 26 METAMORPHOSIS ISSN 1018–6490 (PRINT) LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY OF AFRICA ISSN 2307–5031 (ONLINE)

NEW TAXA DESCRIBED BY TORBEN B. LARSEN (CONTD.)

Anthene georgiadisi LARSEN, 2009. Type locality: Liberia: “Sapo National Park, 5°24'40"N, 8°24'53"W”. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 121(1): 49. Gorgyra stewarti LARSEN, 2010. Type locality: Cameroon: “Ebogo”. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 122: 56. Eretis artorius LARSEN & COCK, 2011. Type locality: Kenya: “Kakamega District, Kakamega Forest, D257 at Ikuywa Stream”. Tropical Lepidoptera Research 21(1): 12. Caenides dacenova LARSEN & COLLINS, 2011. Type locality: Cameroon: “Ebogo, (04°21'N, 11°25'E)”. Tropical Lepidoptera Research 21(2): 63. Genus Triskelionia LARSEN & CONGDON, 2011. Zootaxa 2931: 54. Ampittia kilombero LARSEN & CONGDON, 2012. Type locality: Tanzania: “Mngeta River, Kilombero Valley, Udzungwa, 350 m (S 8° 19' 5.35"; E 36° 7' 49.24"”. Zootaxa 3322: 51. Andronymus fontainei LARSEN & CONGDON, 2012. Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Uele, Paulis (02°52'N 27°40'E)”. Zootaxa 3322: 54. Chondrolepis ducarmei LARSEN & CONGDON, 2012. Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Bunyatenge, North Kivu (00°16'S 28°53'E)”. Zootaxa 3322: 59. Chondrolepis uluguru LARSEN & CONGDON, 2012. Type locality: Tanzania: “Uluguru Mts (Nyachilo – 07°00'S 37°39'E)”. Zootaxa 3322: 56 (49-62). Genus Herila LARSEN & COLLINS, 2012. Entomologia Africana 17(1): 58. Genus Kobelana LARSEN & COLLINS, 2012. Metamorphosis 23: 12. Genus Melphinyet LARSEN, 2012. Tropical Lepidoptera Research 22(1): 20. Genus Noctulana LARSEN, 2012. Tropical Lepidoptera Research 22(1): 22. Artitropa principetome COLLINS & LARSEN, 2013. Type locality: São Tomé & Principe: “Island of Principe, Bombom”. Metamorphosis 24: 20-24. Borbo cottrelli LARSEN, 2013. Type locality: Zambia: “Kasama District, Lower Chambezi Valley”. Tropical Lepidoptera Research 23(2): 92. Ceratricula semilutea congdoni LARSEN, 2013. Type locality: Uganda: “Katera Forest”. Zootaxa 3666(4): 481. Genus Ceratricula LARSEN, 2013. Zootaxa 3666(4): 479. Genus Flandria LARSEN, 2013. Zootaxa 3666(4): 483. Platylesches morigambia LARSEN, 2013. Type locality: Gambia: “Tintinto.” Tropical Lepidoptera Research 23(2): 95. Abantis ituri LARSEN & COLLINS, 2014. Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kivu, Biakatu, 1000 m (00.50N 29.00E)”. Metamorphosis 25: 63. Abantis leucogaster rotundala LARSEN & COLLINS, 2014. Type locality: Uganda: “Katera Forest (00.28S 31.37E)”. Metamorphosis 25: 61. Caenides lukolela LARSEN & COLLINS, 2014. Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Equateur Province, Lukolela River”. Metamorphosis 25: 73. Genus Bettonula LIBERT & LARSEN, 2014. In Libert & Larsen, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 103 (272 pp.). Gorgyra kasungo LARSEN & COLLINS, 2014. Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Kivu, Mitumba Mts, Muleke, 2000 m (00.20N 29.20E)”. Metamorphosis 25: 65. Gretna dargei LARSEN & COLLINS, 2014. Type locality: Cameroon: Obiang, near Yaounde (ca 03.30N 11.25E)”. Metamorphosis 25: 72. Procampta admiratio LARSEN & RAWLINS, 2014. Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “?”. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 82(4): 331-335. Genus Hollandus LARSEN & COLLINS, 2015. Metamorphosis 26: 7. Hollandus xanthopeplus botamabi LARSEN & COLLNS, 2015. Type locality: Central African Republic: “Bombabia, Bangui area (04.06N 18.26E)”. Metamorphosis 26: 9.

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