HISTORY GUIDE CANLLAW HANES Discover the Severn DarganfodWildlife Aber Hafren #DISCOVERTHESEVERNGuide History of the Severn Estuary Key Disaster Trychineb The Severn Estuary has an impressive history, rising to prominence as one of the most important waterways in the world. It housed the bustling ports of Bristol, Cardiff, Barry, Newport and Gloucester throughout the industrial Geology Engineering revolution, with trading connections on every continent! Today, much of this industrial landscape has changed Daeareg Peirianneg from canals and railways to large shipping ports and estuarine industries, but you can still catch a glimpse of these historically significant places all around the estuary. Archaeology Energy Archaeoleg Egni Flip through this booklet to hear stories of piracy, smuggling, trade, war and daily life on the Severn Estuary from the last Ice Age to the present day. There is so much to see so don’t forget to take a look at the places to visit Mythology Conservation around the estuary on the back of this guide! Mytholeg Cadwraeth Shipwreck Management Llongddrylliad Rheoli Hanes Aber Hafren Trade Communications Mae hanes trawiadol i Aber Hafren, cymaint felly fel ei fod yn un o’r dyfrffyrdd pwysicaf yn y byd. Ar ei lannau ceid Masnach Cyfathrebu porthladdoedd prysur Bryste, Caerdydd, Y Barri, Casnewydd, a Chaerloyw trwy gydol y Chwyldro Diwydiannol, gyda chysylltiadau masnachu ar bob cyfandir! Heddiw, mae llawer o’r tirlun diwydiannol hwn wedi newid o fod yn gamlesi Piracy Medicine a rheilffyrdd i borthladdoedd llwytho mawr a diwydiannau aberol, ond gallwch weld olion y llefydd hanesyddol bwysig Môr-ladrata Meddygaeth hyn amgylch yr aber o hyd. Smuggling Military Darllenwch drwy’r llyfryn hwn i glywed straeon am fôr-ladrata, smyglo, masnachu, rhyfel, a bywyd beunyddiol ar Smyglo Milwrol Aber Hafren o’r Oes Iâ ddiwethaf hyd y dydd hwn. Mae llawer i’w weld, felly peidiwch ag anghofio edrych ar y llefydd i ymweld â nhw ar gefn y canllaw hwn! Exploration T Event Archwilio T Digwyddiad Bridges Fisheries Pontydd Pysgodfeydd Front cover: Erecting the Newport Transporter Bridge between 1902 and 1906.' Copyright of Newport Museums and Heritage Service. Clawr Blaen: Codi Pont Gludo Casnewydd rhwng 1902 a 1906.’ Hawlfraint Amgueddfeydd Casnewydd a Gwasanaethau Treftadaeth. Safety on the Severn Diogelwch Afon Hafren Check the tide times and weather forecast Gwiriwch amseroedd y llanw a’r rhagolygon tywydd cyn before you visit the coast. ymweld â’r arfordir. • Keep safe on the foreshore, taking care of slippery rocks and the mudflats • Cadwch yn ddiogel ar flaen y traeth, byddwch yn ofalus o greigiau llithrig a’r fflatiau llaid – the risk of getting stuck is real. – mae’r perygl o fynd yn sownd yn un go iawn. • The Severn has one of the highest tidal ranges in the world - remember how quickly the • Mae gan yr Hafren un o amrediadau llanw mwya’r byd – cofiwch pa mor gyflym mae’r tide moves and changes – up to 1 metre in little more than 20 minutes on some tides. llanw’n symud a newid – hyd at 1m mewn ychydig dros 20 munud ar adegau. • Gwisgwch ddillad ac esgidiau addas oherwydd y gall fod yn fwdlyd. • Wear suitable clothing and footwear, it can be muddy. • Cofiwch wirio Hawliau Tramwy Cyhoeddus cyn mentro allan. • Remember to check Public Rights of Way before setting off. Always bring a charged mobile phone and let friends or family Cofiwch ddod â ffôn symudol wedi’i wefru’n llawn a gadael i know where you are and when you are likely to return home. ffrindiau neu deulu wybod ble rydych chi a phryd rydych yn debygol o ddychwelyd adref. The estuary is a home for wildlife – take care not to disturb Mae’r aber yn gartref i fywyd gwyllt – gofalwch rhag i chi feeding, breeding and resting birds. beidio â tharfu ar gyfnodau bwydo, bridio a gorffwys adar. Stay on the footpaths where possible – help to protect the Arhoswch ar y llwybrau lle bo’n bosibl – helpwch i ddiogelu’r mudflats and saltmarsh that support wildlife. fflatiau llaid a’r morfa heli sy’n cefnogi bywyd gwyllt. Help to keep the coast enjoyable for all and take all litter Helpwch i gadw’r arfordir yn hyfryd i bawb ac ewch â sbwriel home with you. adref gyda chi. For more information on how to look after the estuary visit: www.asera.org.uk/good-practice-guidelines I gael rhagor o wybodaeth am sut i ofalu am yr aber ewch i: www.asera.org.uk/good-practice-guidelines For tide times visit: www.ukho.gov.uk/easytide I weld amseroedd y llanw ewch i: www.ukho.gov.uk/easytide 400–200 251–199 201–145 million years ago million years ago million years ago 118,000 BC 10,000–4,000 BC 8,500-6,000 BC miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl THE GEOLOGY OF THE SEVERN DINOSAURS ROAM AT BARRY FOSSILS ARE PRESERVED IN THE LAST ICE AGE BEGINS MESOLITHIC FOREST IS THE SEVERN ESTUARY IS ESTUARY IS FORMED Dinosaur footprints can be THE MUDS OF THE SEVERN Northern England, Scotland and SUBMERGED HUNTER-GATHERER ESTUARY The shores of the Severn found on the Bendricks, a Wales is covered in enormous ice As the ice sheets melt after the TERRITORY Estuary are between 200 and stretch of coastline near Jurassic limestones and sheets. An icy Southern Britain is last ice age, sea levels rise and Throughout this time, the 400 million years old, with the Barry. It is a Site of Special mudstones make up the inhabited by mammoths, elk and seperate England and Wales via main activities on the estuary oldest rocks on the Somerset Scientific Interest or a SSSI and Glamorgan Heritage Coast. Have cave bears. the Severn Estuary. At Oldbury for hunter-gathers included and North Devon coast. is the best site in Britain for a go at fossil hunting at Aust, on Severn a whole forest was MAE’R OES IÂ DDIWETHAF YN fishing, hunting, wildfowling, dinosaur tracks of the Triassic Lavernock or Barry! submerged, preserved in peat FFURFIR DAEAREG ABER DECHRAU reed-cutting and burning, Period. SSSI's are used to show and only rediscovered due to HAFREN grazing, herding, trackway- examples of the UK's best sites MAE FFOSILIAU WEDI EU CADW Gorchuddir Gogledd Lloegr, yr coastal erosion thousands of building and peat-digging. Mae glannau Aber Hafren rhwng for flora, fauna and geological YN LLAID ABER HAFREN Alban, a Chymru gan lenni iâ years later! 200 a 400 miliwn o flynyddoedd features. Calchfeini a cherrig llaid yw anferthol. Ceir mamothiaid, TIRIOGAETH HELWYR- oed, gyda’r cerrig hynaf i’w sylfaen Arfordir Treftadaeth elciaid ac eirth ogof yn Ne MAE’R GOEDWIG FESOLITHIG GASGLWYR YW ABER HAFREN gweld ar arfordir Gwlad yr Haf a DINOSORIAID YN CRWYDRO Morgannwg. Rhowch gynnig ar Prydain, sydd â hinsawdd rewllyd. DAN DDŴR O AMGYLCH Y BARRI Trwy gydol y cyfnod hwn, prif Gogledd Dyfnaint. hela ffosiliau yn Aust, Larnog, Wrth i’r llen iâ doddi ar ôl yr oes weithgareddau’r helwyr- Dinosor yn gadael olion traed yn neu’r Barri! iâ ddiwethaf, mae lefelau’r môr gasglwyr oedd pysgota, adara, Photo: Marcus Tankus (Flickr) y Barri. Gellir canfod olion traed yn codi gan wahanu Lloegr a torri a llosgi cyrs, pori, bugeilio, dinosoriaid yn Bendricks (ger Y Photo: Paul Trafford (Flickr) Chymru trwy Aber Hafren. Yn codi sarnau, a phalu mawn. Barri). Dyma Safle o Ddiddordeb Oldbury ar Hafren, boddwyd Gwyddonol Arbennig. Hwn yw’r coedwig gyfan. Cafodd ei chadw safle gorau ym Mhrydain ar mewn mawn, a bu ond iddi gael ei gyfer trywyddau dinosoriaid o’r hailddarganfod oherwydd erydu Cyfnod Triasig. arfordirol filoedd o flynyddoedd yn ddiweddarach! Pleistocene-Palaeolithic / Pleistosen-Paleolithig Mesolithic / Mesolithig 5,500 BC 5,000 BC 5,700–4,500 BC 6,000–3,000 BC 3,806 BC 800 BC – 75 AD USK FOOTPRINTS ARE TRODDEN HUNTER-GATHERER A MESOLITHIC COMMUNITY HAVE A NEOLITHIC BURIAL THE ANCIENT SWEET TRACKWAY IRON AGE HILLFORTS ARE 8,000 year old footprints from COMMUNITIES SET UP CAMP FISH FOR TEA AT GOLDCLIFF CHAMBER IS CONSTRUCTED IS LAID DOWN IN THE SOMERSET CONSTRUCTED AROUND THE the Mesolithic period can be AT GOLDCLIFF, NEWPORT Fish bones from communities AT PORTSKEWETT, LEVELS GWENT LEVELS MONMOUTHSHIRE found in the intertidal areas Flint "tools" as well as bones in the late Mesolithic have been The Sweet Track is one of over 40 Hill forts are established at across the Gwent Levels. These and campfire debris were found at Goldcliff, the earliest The neolithic burial chamber prehistoric wooden track-ways Sudbrook and Wilcrick. These footprints have been preserved found at Goldcliff, showing the evidence for fishing on the "Heston Brake" site was known from Somerset. It was are thought to have been used in the estuarine clays - fragile presence of hunter-gatherer estuary. excavated in 1888, and named after Ray Sweet, a local seasonally as communities used traces of human history like human communities in the area archaeologists found human peat cutter that discovered the the Gwent Levels for summer these footprints are scarce. at 7,500 BC. MAE CYMUNED FESOLITHIG YN skeletons, cattle bones and site. It was built as a raised plank grazing of livestock. CAEL PYSGOD I DE YN GOLDCLIFF pottery. The items discovered walkway through the 2km of reed CRËIR ÔL-TRAED YR WYSG CYMUNEDAU O HELWYR- Canfuwyd esgyrn pysgod a are on show in the National bed that separated the Polden CODIR BRYNGAERAU OES GASGLWYR YN YMSEFYDLU YN HAEARN O AMGYLCH Gellir canfod ôl-traed ddeilliodd o gymunedau ym Museum of Wales in Cardiff. Hills from the 'island' of Westhay. GOLDCLIFF, CASNEWYDD mlynyddoedd hwyr y cyfnod GWASTADEDDAU GWENT 8,000 o flynyddoedd oed CODIR SIAMBR o’r cyfnod Mesolithig yn y Canfuwyd “arfau” callestr Mesolithig yn Goldcliff, sef y GOSODIR SARN HYNAFOL SWEET Sefydlir bryngaerau yn Sudbrook ynghyd ag esgyrn a gweddillion dystiolaeth hynaf o bysgota yn GLADDU NEOLITHIG YM YNG NGWASTADEDDAU GWLAD a Wilcrick.