Acols Acoft Ds 2009

ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009

29th November – 3rd December 2009 The University of Adelaide, South Australia

Book of Abstracts

Typeset by: Causal Productions Pty Ltd www.causalproductions.com [email protected] Table of Contents

Plenary Elder Hall, 08:45 – 10:30 Monday 101 The Power of Light — The Fiber Laser Revolution ...... 20 David Richardson, University of Southampton, UK 102 Single Molecule Laser Spectroscopy — From Probes to Polymers ...... 20 Kenneth P. Ghiggino, Toby D.M. Bell, University of Melbourne, Australia

1A ACOLS: Xray & XUV N102, 11:10 – 12:30 Monday 103 Crystal Growth to Fully Digital Systems — A New Enabling Technology for Imaging X-Rays and Gammas ...... 20 Ralph B. James, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA 104 Core-Electron Localization Eﬀects in a Diatomic Molecule Interacting with Intense Ultrashort-Pulse XUV Radiation: Quantum-Dynamic Simulations ...... 20 Olena Ponomarenko, Harry Morris Quiney, University of Melbourne, Australia 105 High Harmonic Generation of Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation from Diatomic Molecules ...... 20 K.B. Dinh, Peter Hannaford, L.V. Dao, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia

1B ACOLS: Metamaterials G03, 11:10 – 12:30 Monday 106 Functional Metamaterials and Nonlinear Plasmonics ...... 20 Ilya V. Shadrivov, Australian National University, Australia 107 Reversible Nonreciprocity with Liquid Crystals ...... 20 Andrey Miroshnichenko 1, Etienne Brasselet 2, Yuri S. Kivshar 1; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2CPMOH, France 108 Matter Wave Transport in Optical Lattices ...... 21 Tristram J. Alexander, Yuri S. Kivshar, Australian National University, Australia

1C ACOLS: Optical Trapping G04, 11:10 – 12:30 Monday 109 Optical Vortices for Trapping and Transport of Particles in Air ...... 21 V.G. Shvedov, Yana Izdebskaya, Anton S. Desyatnikov, A.V. Rode, Wieslaw Z. Krolikowski, Yuri S. Kivshar, Australian National University, Australia 110 Characterisation of Microparticle Flow in a Microﬂuidic Device Using Optical Trapping ...... 21 Daniel Day, Jing Wu, Min Gu, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia 111 Optical Paddle-Wheel ...... 21 Theodor Asavei, Vincent L.Y. Loke, Timo A. Nieminen, Norman R. Heckenberg, Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop, University of Queensland, Australia 112 To Hop or Not to Hop — That is the Question ...... 21 Alexander B. Stilgoe, Timo A. Nieminen, Norman R. Heckenberg, Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop, University of Queensland, Australia

1D ACOFT: Fibre Sensing 1 LG29, 11:10 – 12:30 Monday 113 The Use of Fibre Bragg Grating Arrays for in-vivo Diagnosis in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract ...... 21 John W. Arkwright 1, Ian D. Underhill 1, Simon A. Maunder 1, Neil Blenman 1, Michael M. Szczesniak 2, Ian J. Cook 2, Phil G. Dinning 2; 1CSIRO, Australia; 2University of New South Wales, Australia 114 High Precision Microstructured Fibre Based Refractive Index Sensing: Absolute Refractive Index Measurements and Low-Index Sensing ...... 21 Vincent Pureur, D.K.C. Wu, Qing Shi, A. Argyros, Benjamin J. Eggleton, Boris T. Kuhlmey, University of Sydney, Australia 115 Radiation Eﬀects in Glasses for Optical Fiber Dosimetry ...... 21 Chris Kalnins, Heike Ebendorﬀ-Heidepriem, Tanya M. Monro, Frances Williams, Nigel Spooner, University of Adelaide, Australia

1E ACOFT: Subwavelength Structures LG28, 11:10 – 12:30 Monday 116 Fibres with Subwavelength Features: Fabrication and Novel Guidance Properties ...... 22 Heike Ebendorﬀ-Heidepriem, Shahraam Afshar V., Stephen C. Warren-Smith, Wen Qi Zhang, Yinlan Ruan, Shaghik Atakaramians, Tanya M. Monro, University of Adelaide, Australia

1 117 Subwavelength Soft Glass Fibres with Extremely Small Hole Size for Field Enhancement ...... 22 Yinlan Ruan, Heike Ebendorﬀ-Heidepriem, Tanya M. Monro, University of Adelaide, Australia 118 Towards All-Diamond Eﬃcient Single-Photon Sources: Part I — Theory ...... 22 C.-H. Su 1, Mark P. Hiscocks 2, Brant C. Gibson 1, Andrew D. Greentree 1, Lloyd C.L. Hollenberg 1, François Ladouceur 2; 1University of Melbourne, Australia; 2University of New South Wales, Australia

DS Workshop LG24, 11:10 – 12:30 Monday 119 Spatial Optical Solitons in Layered Thermal Media ...... 22 Yaroslav V. Kartashov 1, Victor A. Vysloukh 2, Lluis Torner 1; 1ICFO, Spain; 2Universidad de las Americas, Mexico 120 Spatially Localized Structures in Finite Domains ...... 22 G. Kozyreﬀ 1, P. Assemat 1, S.J. Chapman 2; 1Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium; 2OCIAM, UK 121 Mathematical Models for Ultrashort Optical Pulses ...... 22 Uwe Bandelow, Shalva Amiranashvili, Alexander Mielke, WIAS, Germany

2A ACOLS: Spectroscopy N102, 13:40 – 15:00 Monday 122 Quantiﬁcation of Myosin in Cardiomyocytes Using Nonlinear Optical Microscopy ...... 22 Samuel J. Wallace 1, Kimberley J. Botting 2, Janna L. Morrison 2, Tak W. Kee 1; 1University of Adelaide, Australia; 2University of South Australia, Australia 123 Photodegradation of Nonlinear Optical Organic Films with Varying Optical Intensity ...... 22 My T.T. Do, S. Janssens, S.G. Raymond, G.V.M. Williams, D.H. Bhuiyan, A.J. Kay, Industrial Research Ltd., New Zealand 124 Eﬀects of Solvent on Laser-Induced Fluorescence in the Context of Two-Line Atomic Fluorescence ...... 22 Qing N. Chan, Paul R. Medwell, Zeyad T. Alwahabi, Peter A.M. Kalt, Bassam B. Dally, Graham J. Nathan, University of Adelaide, Australia 125 Quantitative Measurement of C12 and C13 Ratios Using a New Data Analysis Technique for the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer ...... 23 K.J. Conroy 1, T.K. Boyson 1, A. Lee 2, M.E. Calzada 2, T.G. Spence 2, K.P. Kirkbride 3, C.C. Harb 1; 1University of New South Wales, Australia; 2Loyola University New Orleans, USA; 3Australian Federal Police, Australia

2B ACOLS: Metamaterials 2 G03, 13:40 – 15:00 Monday 126 Tilted Response of Fishnet Photonic Metamaterials at Near-Infrared Wavelengths ...... 23 Alexander Minovich 1, Dragomir N. Neshev 1, David Powell 1, Ilya V. Shadrivov 1, Mikhail Lapine 1, Ian McKerracher 1, Haroldo T. Hattori 2, Hark Hoe Tan 1, Chennupati Jagadish 1, Yuri S. Kivshar 1; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2University of New South Wales, Australia 127 Folded Bands in Metamaterial Photonic Crystals ...... 23 P.Y. Chen 1, Ara A. Asatryan 2, Christopher G. Poulton 2, Michael J. Steel 3, R.C. McPhedran 1, Lindsay C. Botten 2, C. Martijn de Sterke 1; 1University of Sydney, Australia; 2University of Technology Sydney, Australia; 3Macquarie University, Australia 128 Nitrogen Eﬀect on Gain and Threshold Current of 1.31μm GaInNAs/GaAs Multiple-Quantum-Well Semiconductor Laser ...... 23 S.M. Mitani, Mohd Sharizal Alias, A.A. Manaf, F.M. Exhsan, M.R. Yahya, A.F.A. Mat, TM Research & Development, Malaysia 129 Parametric Study of GaInNAs Quantum Wells for Long Wavelength VCSEL ...... 23 Mohd Sharizal Alias 1, Benjamin Damilano 2, S.M. Mitani 1, Nor Azlian Abd Manaf 1, Farha Maskuriy 1; 1TM Research & Development, Malaysia; 2CHREA, France

2C ACOLS: Optics G04, 13:40 – 15:00 Monday 130 Advances in Interferometric Surface Measurement ...... 23 James C. Wyant, University of Arizona, USA 131 Interferometric Ellipsometry ...... 23 Lionel R. Watkins, University of Auckland, New Zealand 132 Direct Measurement of the Coherent Modes of a Partially Coherent Waveﬁeld ...... 23 Samuel Flewett 1, Harry Morris Quiney 1, Chanh Q. Tran 2, Andrew G. Peele 2, Lachlan Whitehead 1, Ian McNulty 3, Keith A. Nugent 1; 1University of Melbourne, Australia; 2La Trobe University, Australia; 3Argonne National Laboratories, USA

2 2D ACOFT: Fibre Sensing 2 LG29, 13:40 – 15:00 Monday 133 A Hydrogen Peroxide Fibre Optic Dip Sensor for Aqueous Solutions ...... 24 Erik P. Schartner, Markus Pietsch, Andrew D. Abell, Tanya M. Monro, University of Adelaide, Australia 134 Distributed Fluorescence Sensing with Exposed-Core Microstructured Optical Fibres ...... 24 Stephen C. Warren-Smith 1, Elena Sinchenko 2, Paul R. Stoddart 2, Claire E. Davis 3, Tanya M. Monro 1; 1University of Adelaide, Australia; 2Swinburne University of Technology, Australia; 3DSTO, Australia 135 Practical Performance Aspects of Real-Time Distributed Fibre-Optic Perimeter Intrusion Detection Systems ...... 24 Seedahmed S. Mahmoud, Yuvaraja Visagathilagar, Jim Katsifolis, Future Fibre Technologies Pty. Ltd., Australia

2E ACOFT: Fibre Gratings 1 LG28, 13:40 – 15:00 Monday 136 Functionalizing Fibre Lasers by Exploiting Direct Written Fibre Bragg Gratings ...... 24 Nemanja Jovanovic 1, Robert J. Williams 1, Jens Thomas 2, M. Åslund 3, Michael J. Steel 1, Graham D. Marshall 1, Alexander Fuerbach 1, Stuart Jackson 3, S. Nolte 2, Andreas Tünnermann 2, Michael J. Withford 1; 1Macquarie University, Australia; 2Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany; 3University of Sydney, Australia 137 Soliton Mediated Optical Quantization of Fibre-Bragg-Gratings ...... 24 Falk Eilenberger, C. Martijn de Sterke, Benjamin J. Eggleton, University of Sydney, Australia 138 Fabrication of Polysiloxane Grating Waveguides Using Soft Lithography ...... 24 Ting Han 1, Steve Madden 1, Matthew Zhang 1, Barry Luther-Davies 1, Robbie Charters 2; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2RPO Inc., Australia

DS Workshop LG24, 13:40 – 15:00 Monday 139 External Forcing and Feedback Control of Nonlinear Dissipative Waves ...... 24 Takao Ohta, Yosuke Tonosaki, Kyoto University, Japan 140 Inﬂuence of Boundary Conditions on Localized Solutions of the Cubic-Quintic Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation ...... 24 Helmut R. Brand 1, Orazio Descalzi 2; 1University of Bayreuth, Germany; 2Universidad de los Andes, Chile 141 Partial Annihilation of Dissipative Solitons ...... 24 Orazio Descalzi 1, Helmut R. Brand 2; 1Universidad de los Andes, Chile; 2University of Bayreuth, Germany 142 Front Propagation in Spatially Forced Media ...... 25 U. Bortolozzo 1, M.G. Clerc 2, F. Haudin 1, R.G. Elías 2, S. Residori 1, R.G. Rojas 3; 1INLN, France; 2Universidad de Chile, Chile; 3Pontiﬁcia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile

3A ACOLS: Spectroscopy 2 N102, 15:40 – 17:00 Monday 143 Molecular Fingerprinting of Trace Gases ...... 25 T.K. Boyson 1, K.J. Conroy 1, A.G. Kallapur 1, I.R. Petersen 1, M.E. Calzada 2, T.G. Spence 2, Yabai He 3, Brian J. Orr 3, K.P. Kirkbride 4, C.C. Harb 1; 1University of New South Wales, Australia; 2Loyola University New Orleans, USA; 3Macquarie University, Australia; 4Australian Federal Police, Australia 144 Saturation in Multi-Level Atoms from First Principles ...... 25 Dustin Stuart 1, Andre N. Luiten 1, Thomas M. Stace 2, Eric F. May 1, Gar-Wing Truong 1; 1University of Western Australia, Australia; 2University of Queensland, Australia 145 Laser Induced Ionising Collisions with Cold Metastable Neon ...... 25 R.D. Glover, Dane E. Laban, Robert T. Sang, Griﬃth University, Australia 3 3 146 A Complete Determination of the Decay Rates of the 2 P and 2 S1 Atomic Excited States of Helium ...... 25 Sean S. Hodgman, Robert G. Dall, Lesa J. Byron, Kenneth G.H. Baldwin, S.J. Buckman, Andrew G. Truscott, Australian National University, Australia

3B ACOLS: Nanocrystals G03, 15:40 – 17:00 Monday 147 Ultrafast Dynamics of CdSe Core/Shell Nanocrystals: A 3-Pulse Photon Echo Peakshift Study ...... 25 Lachlan J. McKimmie, Craig N. Lincoln, Jacek Jasieniak, Trevor A. Smith, University of Melbourne, Australia

3 148 Fluorescence Lifetime Characterisation of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centres ...... 25 Luke A. Stewart, Carlo Bradac, Judith M. Dawes, Michael J. Steel, James R. Rabeau, Michael J. Withford, Macquarie University, Australia 149 Capped ZnO Quantum Dot Langmuir Blodgett Film ...... 25 Matt Shortell, Eric Waclawik, Esa A. Jaatinen, Queensland University of Technology, Australia 150 Fingerprinting Semiconductor Nanocrystals Using Spectral Fine Structure ...... 26 Mark J. Fernée, Bradley N. Littleton, Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop, University of Queensland, Australia

3C ACOLS: Optics 2 G04, 15:40 – 17:00 Monday 151 Numerical Modelling Fields with Forced Gaussian Spatial Distributions When They Propagate Through Nonlinear Media ...... 26 M.W. Jones, Esa A. Jaatinen, G. Michael, Queensland University of Technology, Australia 152 Three-Dimensional Light Patterns for Multi-Site Energy and Momentum Transfer ...... 26 Vincent Ricardo Daria, Christian Stricker, Steve Redman, Hans A. Bachor, Australian National University, Australia 153 Characterization of Optically Addressed Light Valve Using Poincare Sphere ...... 26 W.J. Lai 1, P.B. Phua 1, B. Loiseaux 2, J.P. Huignard 2; 1Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; 2Thales Research & Technology, France 154 Large-Scale Quantum Computing with Phase Fresnel Lenses ...... 26 Erik W. Streed, Benjamin Norton, Justin J. Chapman, D. Kielpinski, Griﬃth University, Australia

3D ACOFT: Fibre Sensing 3 LG29, 15:40 – 17:00 Monday 155 Towards a Microstructured Optical Fibre Fluorescence Sensor Based on Photoinduced Electron Transfer — Photobleaching ...... 26 Florian V. Englich, Tze Cheung Foo, Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Christopher J. Sumby, Tanya M. Monro, University of Adelaide, Australia 156 Comparison of Surface Functionalization Techniques on Silica and Soft Glasses for Optical Fibre Sensing Applications ...... 26 Tze Cheung Foo, Alexandre François, Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Christopher J. Sumby, Tanya M. Monro, University of Adelaide, Australia 157 Chemical Deposition of Silver for the Fabrication of Surface Plasmon Microstructured Optical Fibre Sensor ...... 26 Jonathan Boehm, Alexandre François, Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Tanya M. Monro, University of Adelaide, Australia 158 Multiplexed Fibre-Accelerometer Array for Large Area Oil Reservoir Monitoring ...... 27 Ian C.M. Littler 1, Malcolm B. Gray 2, Timothy T.-Y. Lam 1, Jong H. Chow 1, Daniel A. Shaddock 1, David E. McClelland 1; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2National Measurement Institute, Australia

3E ACOFT: Novel Fibres LG28, 15:40 – 17:00 Monday 160 Higher Order Guided Modes in Solid-Core Photonic Bandgap Fibers ...... 27 Vincent Pureur 1, J.C. Knight 2, Boris T. Kuhlmey 1; 1University of Sydney, Australia; 2University of Bath, UK 161 Extruded Soft-Glass Hollow-Core Microstructured Optical Fibres; Fabrication and Light Guidance Properties ...... 27 Kristopher J. Rowland, Heike Ebendorﬀ-Heidepriem, Shahraam Afshar V., Tanya M. Monro, University of Adelaide, Australia

DS Workshop LG24, 15:40 – 17:00 Monday 162 Cavity Solitons in Semiconductor Lasers: Applications and Perspectives on the Future ...... 27 F. Pedaci 1, P. Genevet 1, E. Caboche 1, G. Tissoni 2, S. Barland 1, M. Giudici 1, L. Lugiato 2, J.R. Tredicce 1; 1INLN, France; 2CNR-INFM, Italy 163 Nonlinear Patterns in Complex Periodic Potentials with Linear Pump ...... 27 Yuli V. Bludov 1, Vladimir V. Konotop 2; 1Universiade do Minho, Portugal; 2Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal 164 Dissipative Soliton Bound States Under the Inﬂuence of External Phase Modulation in Passively Mode-Locked Lasers ...... 27 Wonkeun Chang 1, N. Akhmediev 1, Stefan Wabnitz 2; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2Università di Brescia, Italy

4 165 Reﬂectionless Soliton Potentials in Coupled-Resonator Waveguides ...... 27 Andrey A. Sukhorukov, Australian National University, Australia

Plenary Elder Hall, 08:45 – 10:20 Tuesday 201 Few-Body Physics with Ultracold Atoms: Eﬁmov’s Dream and 40 Years Later ...... 27 Rudolf Grimm, University of Innsbruck, Austria 202 Where Next for Photonics-Based Technologies: What Lessons Can We Learn from the Past to Help Us Prepare for the Future? ...... 28 Simon Poole, Finisar Australia, Australia

4A ACOLS: BEC Expt 1 N102, 11:00 – 12:20 Tuesday 203 Temperature Dependence of Pairing in Strongly Interacting Fermi Gases ...... 28 Eva Kuhnle, Paul Dyke, Michael Mark, Hui Hu, Xia-Ji Liu, Peter D. Drummond, Chris J. Vale, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia 204 Time Averaged Optical Traps for the Investigation of Superﬂuidity in BEC ...... 28 S.K. Schnelle, K.J. Weegink, E.D. van Ooijen, Matthew J. Davis, Norman R. Heckenberg, Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop, University of Queensland, Australia 205 A Dual Species Rubidium-Metastable Helium Cold Atom System ...... 28 Lesa J. Byron, Robert G. Dall, Ju-Kuei Wu, Andrew G. Truscott, Australian National University, Australia

4B ACOLS: Waveguides G03, 11:00 – 12:20 Tuesday 206 Impurity Free Stress Induced Waveguides in Lithium Niobate ...... 28 Vijay Sivan, Tolga Mese, Lam Bui, Arnan Mitchell, RMIT University, Australia 207 Simulation of Coupling Between Chacolgenide and Diffused Lithium Niobate Waveguides ...... 28 Naser Dalvand, Lam Bui, Thach G. Nguyen, Arnan Mitchell, RMIT University, Australia 208 Erbium Doped Fluoride Glass Strip Waveguides ...... 28 Maike Waldmann, Reinhard Caspary, Wolfgang Kowalsky, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany 209 Ultrafast Laser Modification of Phosphate Glass: Influence of Polarisation on Waveguide Morphology ...... 28 Douglas J. Little, Martin Ams, Peter Dekker, Michael J. Withford, Macquarie University, Australia

4C ACOLS: Optical Measurements 1 G04, 11:00 – 12:20 Tuesday 210 Optical Frequency Metrology on the West Coast ...... 28 J.J. McFerran 1, Gar-Wing Truong 1, Clayton Locke 1, Eugene Ivanov 1, Dustin Stuart 1, Fred Baynes 1, Christopher Perrella 1, Anna Lurie 1, Eric F. May 1, P. Light 2, Fetah Benabid 2, Andre N. Luiten 1; 1University of Western Australia, Australia; 2University of Bath, UK 211 Ultra-Stable Detection Scheme for Microtoroid Based Single Molecule Sensing ...... 29 Joachim Knittel, Kiran Kohosla, Kwan H. Lee, T.G. McRae, Warwick P. Bowen, University of Queensland, Australia 212 Optical Determination of the Boltzmann Constant Using Alkali Metals ...... 29 Gar-Wing Truong, Dustin Stuart, Andre N. Luiten, Eric F. May, University of Western Australia, Australia

4D ACOFT: Nonlinearity in Fibres 1 LG29, 11:00 – 12:20 Tuesday 213 Similariton Generation in Fibre Optic Ampliﬁers and Lasers ...... 29 John Harvey, C. Aguergaray, Vladimir I. Kruglov, University of Auckland, New Zealand 214 Simple Analysis for Optimizing Soliton Self-Frequency Shift in Photonic Crystal Fibers ...... 29 Ravi Pant, A.C. Judge, Eric C. Mägi, Boris T. Kuhlmey, C. Martijn de Sterke, Benjamin J. Eggleton, University of Sydney, Australia 215 Mode-Locked Parabolic Raman Fiber Oscillator ...... 29 C. Aguergaray, Vladimir I. Kruglov, D. Méchin, John Harvey, University of Auckland, New Zealand

4E ACOFT: Advances in Waveguides LG28, 11:00 – 12:20 Tuesday 216 Planar Fluid Inﬁltrated Waveguide Arrays in SU8 Epoxy Polymer ...... 29 Eike Zeller 1, Francis H. Bennet 2, Dragomir N. Neshev 2, Wieslaw Z. Krolikowski 2, Yuri S. Kivshar 2, Arnan Mitchell 1; 1RMIT University, Australia; 2Australian National University, Australia

5 217 Cavity Mode Control in Coupled Periodic Waveguide Cavities: Theory and Experiment ...... 29 Sangwoo Ha, Andrey A. Sukhorukov, Andrei V. Lavrinenko, Yuri S. Kivshar, Australian National University, Australia 218 Low Loss Nonlinear Planar Tellurite Waveguides ...... 29 Khu Vu, Steve Madden, Australian National University, Australia

DS Workshop LG24, 11:00 – 12:20 Tuesday 220 Dissipative Solitons of the Cubic-Quintic Ginzburg-Landau Equation in Fiber Lasers ...... 29 Frank Wise, Cornell University, USA 221 Domain Walls and Domain Wall Solitons in Fiber Lasers ...... 30 D.Y. Tang, H. Zhang, L.M. Zhao, X. Wu, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 222 Dark Soliton Fiber Lasers ...... 30 H. Zhang, D.Y. Tang, L.M. Zhao, X. Wu, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 223 Dynamics of Vortex Ring Solitons with High Value of Vorticity in Dissipative Media ...... 30 N. Devine 1, N. Akhmediev 1, J.M. Soto-Crespo 2, C. Mejía-Cortés 2; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2CSIC, Spain

5A ACOLS: BEC Expt 2 N102, 13:30 – 15:10 Tuesday 224 Formation Dynamics of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Dimple Trap ...... 30 Michael C. Garrett, Adrian Ratnapala, E.D. van Ooijen, Chris J. Vale, Otto Vainio, Norman R. Heckenberg, Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Matthew J. Davis, University of Queensland, Australia 225 Vortex Dipoles in a Bose-Einstein Condensate ...... 30 T.W. Neely 1, E.C. Samson 1, Ashton S. Bradley 2, Matthew J. Davis 3, B.P. Anderson 1; 1University of Arizona, USA; 2University of Otago, New Zealand; 3University of Queensland, Australia 226 Towards an All Optical BEC and Optical Ring Traps ...... 30 Leif Humbert, M. Peron, J.S. Butcher, E.D. van Ooijen, Matthew J. Davis, Norman R. Heckenberg, Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop, University of Queensland, Australia 227 Nonlinear Dynamics of a Two-Component Bose-Einstein Condensate ...... 30 Russell Anderson, Mikhail Egorov, Chris Ticknor, Brenton Hall, Peter Hannaford, Andrei Sidorov, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia 228 Coupled Wave Dynamics in Superradiant Light Scattering ...... 30 A. Hilliard 1, F. Kaminski 2, R. le Targat 2, E.S. Polzik 2, J.H. Müller 2; 1University of Otago, New Zealand; 2QUANTOP, Denmark

5B ACOLS: Fabrication G03, 13:30 – 15:10 Tuesday 229 Fabrication of Sub-Wavelength Holes in Chalcogenide Glasses by Using a Femtosecond Laser ...... 31 Qiming Zhang 1, Guangyong Zhou 2, Han Lin 2, Lei Xu 1, Min Gu 2; 1Fudan University, China; 2Swinburne University of Technology, Australia 230 Characteristics of Ultrafast Laser Written DFB Waveguide Lasers ...... 31 Martin Ams, Graham D. Marshall, Peter Dekker, Michael J. Withford, Macquarie University, Australia 231 Design and Application of SLM-Based Adaptive Optics for Direct Laser Writing ...... 31 Ben Cumming 1, Guangyong Zhou 1, Alexander Jesacher 2, Martin Booth 2, Tony Wilson 2, Min Gu 1; 1Swinburne University of Technology, Australia; 2University of Oxford, UK 232 Parallel Direct Laser Writing Assisted by a Spatial Light Modulator ...... 31 Han Lin, Guangyong Zhou, Ben Cumming, Min Gu, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia 233 Dynamics of Write and Erasure of Information Masks in Lithium Niobate ...... 31 Daniel Sando, Esa A. Jaatinen, Queensland University of Technology, Australia

5C ACOLS: Optical Measurements 2 G04, 13:30 – 15:10 Tuesday 234 Testing Lorentz Invariance Using an Asymmetric Optical Resonator ...... 31 Fred Baynes, Michael Edmund Tobar, Andre N. Luiten, University of Western Australia, Australia 235 Multipoint Fibre Optic Voltage Sensor ...... 31 Zourab Brodzeli 1, Harpreet K. Bal 1, Fotios Sidiroglou 1, Stephen F. Collins 1, Vladimir Chigrinov 2, Anatoli Murauski 2, Fei Fan 2; 1Victoria University, Australia; 2Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, China

6 236 Mode-Quenching in Thin-Ridge Silicon-on-Insulator Disk Resonators with Lateral Leakage ...... 31 Thach G. Nguyen 1, Ravi S. Tummidi 2, Thomas L. Koch 2, Arnan Mitchell 1; 1RMIT University, Australia; 2Lehigh University, USA 237 Complete and Accurate Characterisation of a High Finesse Fabry-Perot Cavity ...... 31 Clayton Locke, Dustin Stuart, Eugene Ivanov, Andre N. Luiten, University of Western Australia, Australia 238 The Interaction of the Electromagnetic Radiation with Two Non-Homogenous Cylindrical Particles and Induced Eﬀects ...... 32 Liudmila A. Uvarova 1, Irina V. Krivenko 2, Alexander F. Ivannikov 2; 1MSTU “Stankin”, Russia; 2Tver State Technical University, Russia

5D ACOFT: Nonlinear Eﬀects LG29, 13:30 – 15:10 Tuesday 239 Slow-Light Enhanced Optical Limiting at 10Gbit/s in a Silicon Photonic Crystal Waveguide ...... 32 B. Corcoran 1, C. Monat 1, D. Pudo 1, Mark D. Pelusi 1, David J. Moss 1, Benjamin J. Eggleton 1, T.P. White 2, L. O’Faolain 2, T.F. Krauss 2; 1University of Sydney, Australia; 2University of St Andrews, UK

240 High Eﬃciency Harmonic Generation in LiNbO3 Membranes ...... 32 Alexander S. Solntsev 1, Andrey A. Sukhorukov 1, Dragomir N. Neshev 1, Rumen Iliew 1, Thomas Pertsch 2, Yuri S. Kivshar 1; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany

241 Continuous Wave Four Wave Mixing in Highly Nonlinear As2S3 Waveguides ...... 32 Barry Luther-Davies, Xin Gai, Steve Madden, Duk-Yong Choi, Douglas A.P. Bulla, Australian National University, Australia

242 Strong Raman and Four Wave Mixing Gain in As2S3 Chalcogenide Glass Waveguides ...... 32 Xin Gai, Barry Luther-Davies, Steve Madden, Duk-Yong Choi, Douglas A.P. Bulla, Australian National University, Australia 243 Observation of Competing Quadratic Nonlinearities in Lithium Niobate Waveguide Arrays ...... 32 Frank Setzpfandt 1, Dragomir N. Neshev 2, Roland Schiek 3, Falk Lederer 1, Andreas Tünnermann 1, Thomas Pertsch 1; 1Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany; 2Australian National University, Australia; 3University of Applied Sciences Regensburg, Germany

5E ACOFT: Mid-Infrared Fibres and Lasers LG28, 13:30 – 15:10 Tuesday 244 Fibre Lasers That Emit CW Light at Wavelengths Approaching 3 μm ...... 32 Stuart Jackson, University of Sydney, Australia 245 Thick Fluoride Fiber for MIR-Spectroscopy ...... 32 Maike Waldmann, Reinhard Caspary, Wolfgang Kowalsky, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany 246 Large Mode Area Fluoride Microstructured Fibres: Towards Single-Mode Guidance in the Mid-Infrared ...... 32 Heike Ebendorﬀ-Heidepriem 1, Tze Cheung Foo 1, Kevin Kuan 1, Roger C. Moore 1, Tanya M. Monro 1, Alexander Hemming 2, Jim Richards 2, David G. Lancaster 2; 1University of Adelaide, Australia; 2DSTO, Australia 247 Investigation of a Wavelength and Repetition Rate Tunable Passively Mode-Locked Fibre Laser at Ultrahigh Repetition Rates ...... 33 Jochen Schröder, Trung D. Vo, Benjamin J. Eggleton, University of Sydney, Australia

DS Workshop LG24, 13:30 – 15:10 Tuesday 248 Transverse Nonlinear Effects with Microcavity Polaritons ...... 33 D.V. Skryabin 1, A.V. Gorbach 1, R. Hartley 1, O.A. Egorov 2, Falk Lederer 2; 1University of Bath, UK; 2Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany 249 Fourth Order Dispersion Stabilizes Dark Localized Structures in Photonic Crystal Fiber Cavities ...... 33 M. Tlidi 1, A. Vladimirov 2; 1Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium; 2WIAS, Germany 250 Spontaneous Motion of Dissipative Solitons Under the Effect of Delay ...... 33 M. Tlidi 1, A. Vladimirov 2; 1Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium; 2WIAS, Germany 251 Two Universal Limits of Wave Segment Propagation in Two-Dimensional Excitable Media ...... 33 Vladimir Zykov, Alexander Kothe, Harald Engel, Technical University of Berlin, Germany 252 Self-Bending Self-Confined Light Beams ...... 33 Alessandro Alberucci, Armando Piccardi, Gaetano Assanto, Università di Roma Tre, Italy

7 6A ACOLS: BEC Theory 1 N102, 15:50 – 17:10 Tuesday 253 Dynamical Behaviour of Ultra-Cold Bose Gases ...... 33 R.J. Ballagh, T.M. Wright, C.E. Sahlberg, C.W. Gardiner, University of Otago, New Zealand 254 Controlled Vortex Formation in an All-Optical Bose-Einstein Condensate ...... 33 J.S. Butcher, Leif Humbert, E.D. van Ooijen, S.A. Haine, Norman R. Heckenberg, Matthew J. Davis, Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop, University of Queensland, Australia 255 Feedback Control of a Bose-Einstein Condensate Using Phase-Contrast Imaging ...... 33 Stuart Szigeti, M.R. Hush, André R.R. Carvalho, Joseph J. Hope, Australian National University, Australia

6B ACOLS: Nonlinear G03, 15:50 – 17:10 Tuesday 256 Carrier-Phase Dependence of Self-Focusing in Air with Intense, Few-Cycle Light Pulses ...... 34 Dane E. Laban, William C. Wallace, R.D. Glover, D. Kielpinski, Robert T. Sang, Griﬃth University, Australia 257 Generation of Terahertz Radiation by Excitation of GaBiAs by Near-Infrared Femtosecond Pulses ...... 34 K. Radhanpura 1, S. Hargreaves 1, R.A. Lewis 1, M. Shaﬁ 2, R.H. Mari 2, S. Novikov 2, M. Henini 2; 1University of Wollongong, Australia; 2University of Nottingham, UK 258 A Multi-Watt Continuous-Wave, Frequency-Doubled, Self-Raman Yellow Laser ...... 34 A.J. Lee, H.M. Pask, J.A. Piper, Macquarie University, Australia 259 Third Harmonic Generation via the Broadband Cascading in Random Media ...... 34 W. Wang 1, V. Roppo 1, K. Kalinowski 1, Dragomir N. Neshev 1, C. Cojocaru 2, J. Trull 2, R. Vilaseca 2, K. Staliunas 2, Wieslaw Z. Krolikowski 1, Yuri S. Kivshar 1; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain

6C ACOLS: Optical Measurements 3 G04, 15:50 – 17:10 Tuesday 260 Selectivity in Measuring the Mechanical Oscillations of a Cavity Opto-Mechanical System ...... 34 Kwan H. Lee, Glen I. Harris, T.G. McRae, Joachim Knittel, Warwick P. Bowen, University of Queensland, Australia 261 Comparison of Alkanethiol Resist Layers for use in Atom Lithography ...... 34 Joshua P. Beardmore 1, Adam J. Palmer 1, Corine G.C.H.M. Fabrie 2, Robert T. Sang 1; 1Griﬃth University, Australia; 2Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands 262 Comparative Performance of Four-Mirror Parabolic and Spherical Afocal Relays ...... 34 Galiya Sharafutdinova, John Holdsworth, Samuel Legge, Dirk van Helden, University of Newcastle, Australia 263 Is the Ultra-Fast Melting of Bismuth Non-Thermal? ...... 34 E.G. Gamaly, A.V. Rode, Australian National University, Australia

6D ACOFT: Optical Data Processing 1 LG29, 15:50 – 17:10 Tuesday 265 Optical Performance Monitoring at 160Gb/s via Slow Light Enhanced Third-Harmonic Generation in Silicon Photonic Crystal Waveguides ...... 35 C. Monat 1, B. Corcoran 1, Mark D. Pelusi 1, Christian Grillet 1, T.P. White 2, L. O’Faolain 2, T.F. Krauss 2, Benjamin J. Eggleton 1, David J. Moss 1; 1University of Sydney, Australia; 2University of St Andrews, UK 266 Stable Optical Frequency Transfer for Advanced Interferometer Lock Acquisition ...... 35 Adam J. Mullavey, Bram J. Slagmolen, Daniel A. Shaddock, David E. McClelland, Australian National University, Australia

6E ACOFT: New Structures LG28, 15:50 – 17:10 Tuesday 267 Nonreciprocal Band Structures in Low-Symmetry Two-Dimensional Magnetic Photonic Crystals ...... 35 Alexander B. Khanikaev, Michael J. Steel, Macquarie University, Australia 268 Self-Assembling Hydrogels for Flexible Display Technology ...... 35 Scott Jones, François Ladouceur, Pall Thordarson, Martina Stenzel, University of New South Wales, Australia 269 Design of an Optical Hyperlens with Metallic Nanocylinders ...... 35 Alessandro Tuniz, P.Y. Chen, Simon C. Fleming, Boris T. Kuhlmey, University of Sydney, Australia 270 Discrete Time RF Photonic 90◦ Hybrid Coupler ...... 35 Kushan Dayaratne, Lam Bui, Arnan Mitchell, RMIT University, Australia

8 DS Workshop LG24, 15:50 – 17:10 Tuesday 271 Solitonets: Complex Networks of Interacting Solitons ...... 35 Ido Kaminer, Mordechai Segev, Alfred M. Bruckstein, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Israel 272 Diﬀraction Managed Polychromatic Solitons ...... 35 Ivan L. Garanovich 1, Xinyuan Qi 1, Andrey A. Sukhorukov 1, Dragomir N. Neshev 1, Wieslaw Z. Krolikowski 1, Arnan Mitchell 2, Guoquan Zhang 3, Yuri S. Kivshar 1; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2RMIT University, Australia; 3Nankai University, China 273 Higher Order Azimuthons in Nonlocal Nonlinear Media ...... 36 F. Maucher 1, D. Buccoliero 2, S. Skupin 1, M. Grech 1, Anton S. Desyatnikov 2, Wieslaw Z. Krolikowski 2; 1MPI-PKS, Germany; 2Australian National University, Australia

Plenary Elder Hall, 08:45 – 10:20 Wednesday 301 Shedding Light on Surface Reactions: Real Time Imaging and Control of Pattern Formation by Laser Heating ...... 36 Harm Hinrich Rotermund, Dalhousie University, Canada 302 Optical Quantum Computing: Science-Fiction, Horror-Story or News? ...... 36 Andrew G. White, University of Queensland, Australia

7A ACOLS: BEC Theory 2 N102, 11:00 – 12:20 Wednesday 303 Collisions of Bose-Einstein Condensates of Metastable Helium: Recent Results ...... 36 Valentina Krachmalnicoﬀ 1, Jean-Christophe Jaksula 1, Guthrie Partridge 1, Marie Bonneau 1, Denis Boiron 1, Chris Westbrook 1, Piotr Deuar 2, Karén Kheruntsyan 3; 1LCFIO, France; 2LPTMS, France; 3University of Queensland, Australia 304 Spontaneous Soliton Formation in the Growth of a Bose-Einstein Condensate ...... 36 G.M. Lee, S.A. Haine, Matthew J. Davis, University of Queensland, Australia 305 Superﬂuidity in Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensates ...... 36 Chao Feng, Matthew J. Davis, University of Queensland, Australia 306 Simulating Bose Gases with Tensor Product States ...... 36 Andy Ferris, Matthew J. Davis, Ian McCulloch, University of Queensland, Australia

7B ACOLS: Nonlinear 2 G03, 11:00 – 12:20 Wednesday 307 High Order Transverse Modes in Second Harmonic Generation ...... 37 C. Gabriel 1, Jiri Janousek 1, Hans A. Bachor 1, V. Delaubert 2, M. Lassen 3, P. Buchhave 3, D.R.N. Pulford 4, C.C. Harb 5; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2LKB, France; 3Technical University of Denmark, Denmark; 4DSTO, Australia; 5University of New South Wales, Australia 308 Spatial Properties of Second Harmonic Pattern Generated in Disordered Nonlinear Media ...... 37 K. Kalinowski 1, V. Roppo 1, W. Wang 1, J. Trull 2, C. Cojocaru 2, Dragomir N. Neshev 1, Wieslaw Z. Krolikowski 1, R. Vilaseca 2, K. Staliunas 2, Yuri S. Kivshar 1; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain 309 Boosting the Eﬃciency of a Mid-Infrared Optical Parametric Ampliﬁer Through Signal Recycling ...... 37 Malte Duering, Vesselin Kolev, Barry Luther-Davies, Australian National University, Australia 310 Collimated Blue Light Generated by Four-Wave Mixing in Rb Vapour ...... 37 Alexander Akulshin, Andrei Sidorov, Russell McLean, Peter Hannaford, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia

7D ACOFT: Nonlinearity in Fibres 2 LG29, 11:00 – 12:20 Wednesday 311 Quantum and Classical Light Sources Based on Parametric Processes in Optical Fibres ...... 37 Jay E. Sharping, Chenji Gu, Christiane Pailo, Liely Kiani, Jeremy R. Sanborn, Yan-Hua Zhai, University of California at Merced, USA 312 Pulse Re-Shaping by Nonlinear Switching in Phase-Shifted Fiber Bragg Grating ...... 37 Irina V. Kabakova, C. Martijn de Sterke, Benjamin J. Eggleton, University of Sydney, Australia 313 Design of a Tellurite Microstructured Optical Fibre for Self-Seeded Multicasting for Ultra-Fast Signal Processing ...... 37 H. Tilanka Munasinghe 1, Wen Qi Zhang 1, Nikola Alic 2, Camille-Sophie Bres 2, Stojan Radic 2, Tanya M. Monro 1, Shahraam Afshar V. 1; 1University of Adelaide, Australia; 2University of California at San Diego, USA

9 7E ACOFT: Fibre Gratings 2 LG28, 11:00 – 12:20 Wednesday 314 Tunable Fibre Bragg Gratings by Resonant Optical Pumping: Applications for Fibre Lasers ...... 37 Robert J. Williams, Nemanja Jovanovic, Graham D. Marshall, Michael J. Withford, Macquarie University, Australia 315 Preservation of Nanoscale Resolution After Macro-Scale Thermal Annealing and Regeneration of Bragg Gratings in Silica ...... 38 John Canning 1, S. Bandyopadhyay 2, M. Stevenson 1, P. Biswas 2, J. Fenton 1, M. Åslund 1; 1University of Sydney, Australia; 2CSIR, India 316 Direct Laser Written Bragg-Grating Couplers ...... 38 Sangwoo Ha 1, Martin Ams 2, Graham D. Marshall 2, Dragomir N. Neshev 1, Andrey A. Sukhorukov 1, Yuri S. Kivshar 1, Michael J. Withford 2; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2Macquarie University, Australia 317 Broadband Cladding Mode Reﬂections of Asymmetric Intracore Fibre Bragg Gratings ...... 38 Jens Thomas 1, Nemanja Jovanovic 2, Michael J. Steel 2, Ria Becker 1, Graham D. Marshall 2, Michael J. Withford 2, S. Nolte 1, Andreas Tünnermann 1; 1Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany; 2Macquarie University, Australia

DS Workshop LG24, 11:00 – 12:20 Wednesday 318 Dissipative Nonlinear Structures in Optical Fiber Systems I: Dissipative Dispersion Managed Solitons in Mode-Locked Lasers ...... 38 Brandon G. Bale, Sonia Boscolo, Sergei K. Turitsyn, Aston University, UK 319 Dissipative Nonlinear Structures in Optical Fiber Systems II: Self-Similar Parabolic Pulses in Active Fibers ...... 38 Sonia Boscolo, Brandon G. Bale, Sergei K. Turitsyn, Aston University, UK 320 Dissipative Nonlinear Structures in Optical Fiber Systems III: Dissipative Solitons via Nonlinear Mapping ...... 38 Sergei K. Turitsyn, Brandon G. Bale, Sonia Boscolo, Aston University, UK 321 Mode-Locked All-Positive-Dispersion Long-Resonator Fiber Lasers: Features of Femto- and Picosecond Pulses Generation Regimes ...... 38 Sergey Kobtsev 1, Sergey Kukarin 1, Sergey Smirnov 1, Sergei K. Turitsyn 2, Anton Latkin 1; 1Novosibirsk State University, Russia; 2Aston University, UK

8A ACOLS: BEC Theory / Fermi Gasses N102, 13:30 – 15:10 Wednesday 322 First and Second Sound in a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas ...... 39 E. Taylor 1, Hui Hu 2, Xia-Ji Liu 2, L.P. Pitaevskii 1, A. Griﬃn 3, S. Stringari 1; 1CNR-INFM, Italy; 2Swinburne University of Technology, Australia; 3University of Toronto, Canada 323 Kibble-Zurek Mechanism in a Spin 1/2 Bose-Einstein Condensate ...... 39 Jacopo Sabbatini, Matthew J. Davis, University of Queensland, Australia 324 Virial Expansion for a Strongly Correlated Fermi Gas ...... 39 Xia-Ji Liu, Hui Hu, Peter D. Drummond, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia 325 Time Evolution of Gaussian Pulses in the One-Dimensional Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard Hamiltonian ...... 39 M.I. Makin 1, Jared H. Cole 2, Charles D. Hill 1, Andrew D. Greentree 1, Lloyd C.L. Hollenberg 1; 1University of Melbourne, Australia; 2Universität Karlsruhe, Germany

8B ACOLS: Plasmonics 1 G03, 13:30 – 15:10 Wednesday 326 Interaction of Beams with Aperture Arrays ...... 39 Ann Roberts, Marko Milicevic, University of Melbourne, Australia 327 Control of Light Propagation Using Spatially Modulated Aperture Arrays in a Metal Film ...... 39 X.M. Goh, Ling Lin, Ann Roberts, University of Melbourne, Australia 328 Propagation and Dispersion of Plasmonic Pulses on a Flat Metal-Dielectric Interface ...... 39 Shiaw Juen Tan 1, Dmitri K. Gramotnev 2, Esa A. Jaatinen 1; 1Queensland University of Technology, Australia; 2Nanophotonics Pty. Ltd., Australia 329 Surface Plasmon Resonance Enhanced Nanoparticle Trapping ...... 39 Jingzhi Wu 1, Xingyu Gao 2, Xiaosong Gan 1; 1Swinburne University of Technology, Australia; 2Tianjin University, China

10 330 Photocatalysis Using Au Nanoparticles ...... 39 Michael Larkins, Xi Chen, Huai Yong Zhu, Xue-Bin Ke, Esa A. Jaatinen, Queensland University of Technology, Australia

8C ACOLS: Remote Sensing / Lasers 1 G04, 13:30 – 15:10 Wednesday 331 Spectral Measurements of Resonance, Rayleigh and Aerosol Scattering from the Troposphere to the Mesosphere by LIDAR ...... 40 Jens Lautenbach 1, Josef Höffner 2, Michael Gerding 2, Franz-Josef Lübken 2; 1University of Adelaide, Australia; 2IAP, Germany 332 Coherent Laser Radar for Air Pollution Transport Studies ...... 40 David Ottaway, Matthew Heintze, Andrew MacKinnon, Peter J. Veitch, Jesper Munch, University of Adelaide, Australia 333 Passive Stand-Off Imaging and Quantification of Chemical Vapour Plumes ...... 40 Cameron Bowles, Robert Hall, Vladimir Perejogin, Tim Bubner, DSTO, Australia 334 Er:YAG Lasers for Coherent Remote Sensing ...... 40 Nick Chang, Matthew Heintze, David J. Hosken, Jesper Munch, David Ottaway, Peter J. Veitch, University of Adelaide, Australia

8D ACOFT: Optical Data Processing 2 LG29, 13:30 – 15:10 Wednesday 335 Aberration-Free, Ultrafast, All-Optical Oscilloscope ...... 40 Aisling Clarke 1, Jochen Schröder 1, Eva Ryckeboer 1, Fan Wang 1, Mark D. Pelusi 1, Michaël A.F. Roelens 2, Benjamin J. Eggleton 1; 1University of Sydney, Australia; 2Finisar Australia, Australia 336 Wavelength Conversion of 40 Gb/s DPSK and 160 Gb/s OOK Signals in a Chalcogenide Glass Chip ...... 40 Mark D. Pelusi 1, Feng Luan 1, Steve Madden 2, Duk-Yong Choi 2, Douglas A.P. Bulla 2, Barry Luther-Davies 2, Benjamin J. Eggleton 1; 1University of Sydney, Australia; 2Australian National University, Australia 337 OSNR and Residual Chromatic Dispersion Monitoring for DQPSK Signal Based on Wiener-Hopf Equation ...... 40 Yuan Zhou 1, Bipin Sankar Gopalakrishna Pillai 2, Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas 1; 1University of Melbourne, Australia; 2National ICT Australia, Australia 338 Optical Performance Monitoring in Optical Label Switched Networks ...... 40 Kerry Hinton, Rodney S. Tucker, Peter M. Farrell, Wayne Sorin, University of Melbourne, Australia 339 Multi-Impairment Monitoring at 320 Gb/s via Cross Phase Modulation Based Radio Frequency Spectrum Analyser ...... 40 Trung D. Vo, Mark D. Pelusi, B. Corcoran, Benjamin J. Eggleton, University of Sydney, Australia

8E ACOFT: Measurement LG28, 13:30 – 15:10 Wednesday 340 Broadband Optical Signal Processing in Chalcogenide Planar Waveguides ...... 41 Mark D. Pelusi 1, Feng Luan 1, Trung D. Vo 1, Steve Madden 2, Duk-Yong Choi 2, Barry Luther-Davies 2, Benjamin J. Eggleton 1; 1University of Sydney, Australia; 2Australian National University, Australia 341 Frequency-Time Mapping for Broadband Frequency Measurement ...... 41 Linh Nguyen, DSTO, Australia 342 MM-Wave Frequency Measurement of Pulsed Signals Using Photonic Technique ...... 41 Manik Attygalle, Daniel Borg, Linh Nguyen, DSTO, Australia 343 Non-Linear Spectroscopy of Rubidium in Hollow Core Fibres for Clocks and Quantum Optics ...... 41 Christopher Perrella 1, Anna Lurie 1, Fetah Benabid 2, Thomas M. Stace 3, Andre N. Luiten 1; 1University of Western Australia, Australia; 2University of Bath, UK; 3University of Queensland, Australia

DS Workshop LG24, 13:30 – 15:10 Wednesday 344 Interaction of Dissipative Solitons in Oscillatory and Excitable Regimes ...... 41 Adrian Jacobo, Damiá Gomila, Manuel A. Matías, Pere Colet, CSIC, Spain 345 Noise-Sustained Dynamics of Drifting Patterns in a Tilted Nonlinear Feedback System ...... 41 Nicolas Marsal, Delphine Wolfersberger, Marc Sciamanna, Germano Montemezzani, LMOPS, France 346 Actively Mode-Locked Multi-Bound Solitons: Generation and Evolution ...... 41 Le Nguyen Binh, N.D. Nguyen, Monash University, Australia

11 347 Modulational Instability and Solitons in a Periodic Dissipative Feedback System ...... 41 Dragomir N. Neshev 1, Nicolas Marsal 2, Alexander Minovich 1, Delphine Wolfersberger 2, Marc Sciamanna 2, Germano Montemezzani 2, Andrey A. Sukhorukov 1, Yuri S. Kivshar 1; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2LMOPS, France 348 Pattern Formation, Dissipative Localised Structures and Spectral Narrowing of Ampliﬁed Surface Plasmons Near the Lasing Threshold ...... 42 D.V. Skryabin 1, A. Marini 1, A.V. Gorbach 1, A. Zayats 2; 1University of Bath, UK; 2Queen’s University of Belfast, UK

9A ACOLS: Fermi Gasses and Atom Lasers N102, 15:50 – 17:10 Wednesday 349 Exact Quantum Dynamics of the Dissociation of Molecular BEC into Fermionic Atoms ...... 42 Magnus Ögren, Karén Kheruntsyan, Joel Corney, University of Queensland, Australia 350 Ultracold Plasma Electron Source ...... 42 Mark Junker, Simon Bell, Robert Scholten, University of Melbourne, Australia

9B ACOLS: Plasmonics 2 G03, 15:50 – 17:10 Wednesday 354 Comparative Analysis of Wedge and Groove Plasmonic Waveguides ...... 42 S.J. Goodman 1, Dmitri K. Gramotnev 2, N.J. Foley 1; 1Queensland University of Technology, Australia; 2Nanophotonics Pty. Ltd., Australia 355 Plasmon Nanofocusing: New Approaches in Sensing and Nanomanipulation ...... 42 Dmitri K. Gramotnev 1, Michael W. Vogel 2; 1Nanophotonics Pty. Ltd., Australia; 2Queensland University of Technology, Australia 356 Self-Focusing of Surface Plasmons ...... 42 Arthur R. Davoyan, Ilya V. Shadrivov, Yuri S. Kivshar, Australian National University, Australia 357 Light-Field Enhancement at Particle-Substrate Interface ...... 42 Saulius Juodkazis, Hokkaido University, Japan

9C ACOLS: Remote Sensing / Lasers 2 G04, 15:50 – 17:10 Wednesday 358 Pulsed Lasers Produce the Brightest Guide-Stars for Large Telescopes ...... 42 Murray W. Hamilton, Nikita Simakov, Peter J. Veitch, Jesper Munch, University of Adelaide, Australia 359 The Development of Predictive Passive Standoﬀ Vapour Detection Analysis Tools ...... 42 Cameron Bowles, Mark Burridge, Tim Bubner, DSTO, Australia 360 Long Range Analogue Audio Free Space Optical Communication Link in a Maritime Environment ...... 43 Kenneth J. Grant 1, Harris R. Burris 2, Christopher I. Moore 2, Wayne Martinsen 1, James Giesbrecht 3, Bradley A. Clare 1, Thomas Nottage 3, Kerry A. Mudge 1, Charmaine C. Gilreath 2, William S. Rabinovich 2; 1DSTO, Australia; 2Naval Research Laboratory, USA; 3Ebor Computing, Australia 361 Direct Generation of Femtosecond Laser Pulses with a Peak Power Exceeding 18 MW Without External Ampliﬁcation ...... 43 Wolfgang Koehler 1, Christoph Bartylla 1, Bernd Luerss 1, Christopher Miese 2, Alexander Fuerbach 2; 1Femtolasers Produktions GmbH, Austria; 2Macquarie University, Australia

9D ACOFT: Nonlinearity in Fibres 3 LG29, 15:50 – 17:10 Wednesday 362 Poling: Past, Present and Future Opportunities ...... 43 Walter Margulis, Oleksandr Tarasenko, Niklas Myrén, Acreo, Sweden 363 Mode-Locked Picosecond Pulse Generation from an Octave-Spanning Supercontinuum ...... 43 D. Kielpinski 1, Michael G. Pullen 1, John Canning 2, M. Stevenson 2, P.S. Westbrook 3, K.S. Feder 3; 1Griﬃth University, Australia; 2University of Sydney, Australia; 3OFS Laboratories, USA 364 Structurally-Based Nonlinear Birefringence in Waveguides with Subwavelength Structures and High Index Materials ...... 43 Shahraam Afshar V., Wen Qi Zhang, Tanya M. Monro, University of Adelaide, Australia

9E ACOFT: Novel Materials and Platforms LG28, 15:50 – 17:10 Wednesday 365 Active Biopolymer Optoﬂuidics ...... 43 Peter Domachuk 1, Rebecca Cademartiri 2, M. Cronin-Golomb 2, D.L. Kaplan 2, F.G. Omenetto 2; 1University of Sydney, Australia; 2Tufts University, USA

12 366 Soft Imprinting of Microstructured Micro-Prisms on Optical Fibre Facets ...... 43 U. Chinnasamy, G. Kostovski, Arnan Mitchell, RMIT University, Australia 367 Interaction of Nematicons in a Liquid Crystal Cell Without Bias ...... 43 Yana Izdebskaya 1, V.G. Shvedov 1, Anton S. Desyatnikov 1, Wieslaw Z. Krolikowski 1, Gaetano Assanto 2, Yuri S. Kivshar 1; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2Università di Roma Tre, Italy 368 High-Q Cavities in Chalcogenide Photonic Crystals by Photosensitive Post Processing ...... 43 Michael W. Lee 1, Christian Grillet 1, Snjezana Tomljenovic-Hanic 1, David J. Moss 1, Eric C. Mägi 1, Benjamin J. Eggleton 1, Xin Gai 2, Steve Madden 2, Duk-Yong Choi 2, Douglas A.P. Bulla 2, Barry Luther-Davies 2; 1University of Sydney, Australia; 2Australian National University, Australia

DS Workshop LG24, 15:50 – 17:10 Wednesday 369 Optical Rogue Waves: Theory and Experiments ...... 44 Majid Taki 1, Arnaud Mussot 1, Eric Louvergneaux 1, Alexandre Kudlinski 1, Mikhail Kolobov 1, Marc Douay 1, N. Akhmediev 2; 1PhLAM, France; 2Australian National University, Australia 370 Rogue Waves and Their Perturbations ...... 44 Adrian Ankiewicz, N. Akhmediev, Australian National University, Australia 371 Getting the Genie Out of the Bottle — How to Excite Rogue Waves? ...... 44 N. Akhmediev 1, J.M. Soto-Crespo 2, Adrian Ankiewicz 1; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2CSIC, Spain 372 Surface Solitons in Curved Waveguide Arrays ...... 44 Xinyuan Qi 1, Ivan L. Garanovich 1, Zhiyong Xu 1, Andrey A. Sukhorukov 1, Wieslaw Z. Krolikowski 1, Arnan Mitchell 2, Guoquan Zhang 3, Dragomir N. Neshev 1, Yuri S. Kivshar 1; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2RMIT University, Australia; 3Nankai University, China

10A ACOLS: Quantum Optics 1 N102, 9:00 – 10:20 Thursday 404 Quantum Optical Pulse Sequencer ...... 44 Mahdi Hosseini 1, Ben M. Sparkes 1, Gabriel Hétet 1, Jevon J. Longdell 2, Ping Koy Lam 1, Ben C. Buchler 1; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2University of Otago, New Zealand 405 Quantum Manipulations of Spatial Modes Within a Beam ...... 44 Jean-François Morizur 1, Seiji Armstrong 1, Katherine Wagner 1, Lachlan Nicholls 1, Jiri Janousek 1, Thomas Symul 1, Nicolas Treps 2, Hans A. Bachor 1; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2LKB, France

10C ACOLS: Lasers 2 G04, 9:00 – 10:20 Thursday 407 A Resonantly Pumped Thulium and Holmium Dual-Core Fiber Laser ...... 44 David G. Lancaster 1, Stuart Jackson 2; 1DSTO, Australia; 2University of Sydney, Australia 408 Erbium-Doped Bulk Tellurite Glass Laser at 1.5 μm ...... 44 Michael R. Oermann, David Ottaway, Peter J. Veitch, Heike Ebendorﬀ-Heidepriem, Tanya M. Monro, University of Adelaide, Australia 409 Mode-Locking Cerium Lasers: Generating Ultrafast Pulses in the Deep Ultraviolet ...... 45 David J. Spence, Eduardo Granados, David W. Coutts, Macquarie University, Australia 410 Injection Mode-Locked, Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser at 1319nm ...... 45 Nikita Simakov, David J. Hosken, Murray W. Hamilton, Peter J. Veitch, Jesper Munch, University of Adelaide, Australia

11A ACOLS: Quantum Optics 2 N102, 11:00 – 12:20 Thursday 411 Noiseless Linear Amplification and Distillation of Entanglement ...... 45 G.Y. Xiang 1, T.C. Ralph 2, A.P. Lund 1, N. Walk 2, Geoff J. Pryde 1; 1Griffith University, Australia; 2University of Queensland, Australia 413 Demonstrations of Adaptive Quantum Measurements in Optics ...... 45 Brendon L. Higgins 1, Dominic W. Berry 2, Byron M. Booth 1, Morgan W. Mitchell 3, Andrew C. Doherty 4, Stephen D. Bartlett 5, Howard M. Wiseman 1, Geoff J. Pryde 1; 1Griffith University, Australia; 2Macquarie University, Australia; 3ICFO, Spain; 4University of Queensland, Australia; 5University of Sydney, Australia 414 Quantum Model for Optical Phase Modulator ...... 45 Alwin Tam, Kerry Hinton, Peter M. Farrell, Rodney S. Tucker, University of Melbourne, Australia

13 11C ACOLS: Lasers 3 G04, 11:00 – 12:20 Thursday 417 A High-Performance Coherent Pulsed Spectroscopic Light Source with Low Chirp and Optical Bandwidth Near the Fourier-Transform Limit ...... 45 Kenneth G.H. Baldwin 1, Yabai He 2, Mitsuhiko Kono 1, Brian J. Orr 2, Richard T. White 3; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2Macquarie University, Australia; 3University of Adelaide, Australia 418 Piezo-Tuned Erbium-Doped DFB-PCF Laser for High-Resolution Spectroscopy ...... 45 Kevin Cook 1, C.K. Poon 1, A.A.P. Pohl 2, John Canning 1; 1University of Sydney, Australia; 2Federal University of Technology Parana, Brazil 419 Multi-Wavelength, Rapidly Swept Continuous-Wave Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy, Applied to Sensing of Greenhouse Gases ...... 45 Brian J. Orr 1, Yabai He 1, Ruifeng Kan 2, Florian V. Englich 3, Wenqing Liu 2; 1Macquarie University, Australia; 2Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; 3University of Adelaide, Australia

12A ACOLS: Atom Lasers and Atom Optics N102, 13:30 – 15:10 Thursday 421 Quantum Kinetic Theory Model of a Continuous Atom Laser ...... 46 G.R. Dennis 1, Matthew J. Davis 2, Joseph J. Hope 1; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2University of Queensland, Australia 422 Generating Entangled Atom Lasers ...... 46 Mattias Johnsson, G.R. Dennis, Joseph J. Hope, Robert G. Dall, Lesa J. Byron, Andrew G. Truscott, Australian National University, Australia 423 Imaging the Guided Mode of an Atom Laser ...... 46 Sean S. Hodgman, Robert G. Dall, Mattias Johnsson, Kenneth G.H. Baldwin, Andrew G. Truscott, Australian National University, Australia 424 Beyond Short Pulse Regime with Novel Time Domain Atom Interferometer ...... 46 Mikkel F. Andersen 1, Tycho Sleator 2; 1University of Otago, New Zealand; 2New York University, USA 425 Fabricating Atom Chips with Femtosecond Laser Ablation ...... 46 Holger Wolﬀ 1, Martin Lowe 1, Andrei Sidorov 1, Brenton Hall 1, RuGway Wu 2, Robert G. Dall 2, Andrew G. Truscott 2; 1Swinburne University of Technology, Australia; 2Australian National University, Australia

12C ACOLS: Lasers 4 G04, 13:30 – 15:10 Thursday 426 Thermo-Optic Locking of a Semiconductor Laser to a Microcavity Resonance ...... 46 T.G. McRae 1, Kwan H. Lee 1, M. McGovern 2, D. Gwyther 1, Warwick P. Bowen 1; 1University of Queensland, Australia; 2University of Otago, New Zealand 427 Frequency Stabilized Diode Laser System for Atom Trapping Using Acousto-Optic Modulation ...... 46 Peter D. McDowall, Mikkel F. Andersen, University of Otago, New Zealand 428 Multipoint Refractive Index Sensor for Liquids Based on Optical Fiber Bragg-Gratings ...... 46 Harpreet K. Bal, Zourab Brodzeli, Fotios Sidiroglou, Stephen F. Collins, Victoria University, Australia 429 Mode Locking of Fiber Lasers with Atomic Layer Graphene ...... 46 H. Zhang 1, D.Y. Tang 1, L.M. Zhao 1, Q.L. Bao 2, K.P. Loh 2; 1Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; 2National University of Singapore, Singapore 430 Uncooled, Millimeter-Scale Atomic Magnetometers with Femtotesla Sensitivity ...... 47 John Kitchin 1, Svenja Knappe 1, Clark Griﬃth 1, Jan Preusser 1, Vladislav Gerginov 1, Peter D.D. Schwindt 1, Vishal Shah 1, Ricardo Jimenez-Martinez 2; 1NIST, USA; 2University of Colorado at Boulder, USA

13A ACOLS: Quantum Optics 3 N102, 15:50 – 17:10 Thursday 431 Appearance of Chaotic Attractors from Quantum Trajectories ...... 47 Justin Bewsher, André R.R. Carvalho, Joseph J. Hope, Australian National University, Australia 432 Non-Classically Correlated Photon Streams Using Rephased Ampliﬁed Spontaneous Emission ...... 47 Patrick Ledingham, William Naylor, Jevon J. Longdell, University of Otago, New Zealand 433 EPR Entanglement in Asymmetric Systems ...... 47 Katherine Wagner, Jean-François Morizur, Jiri Janousek, Seiji Armstrong, Ping Koy Lam, Hans A. Bachor, Australian National University, Australia

14 434 Towards Quantum Opto-Mechanics with Integrated Microresonators ...... 47 Warwick P. Bowen, Kwan H. Lee, T.G. McRae, Glen I. Harris, Joachim Knittel, University of Queensland, Australia

ACOLS Posters Union Building Eclipse/Equinox, 18:00 Monday 1 Role of Spatial Inhomogeneity in Dissociation of Trapped Molecular Condensates ...... 47 Magnus Ögren, Karén Kheruntsyan, University of Queensland, Australia 2 Ionisation of Atomic Hydrogen with Few-Cycle Pulses ...... 47 Michael G. Pullen 1, William C. Wallace 1, Dane E. Laban 1, Yunquan Q. Liu 1, Friedrich G. Hanne 2, Robert T. Sang 1, D. Kielpinski 1; 1Griffith University, Australia; 2Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany 3 Picosecond X-Ray Source Based on an Amplified Femtosecond Ti:Sapphire Laser ...... 47 B.D. Morrison, Lachlan J. McKimmie, Trevor A. Smith, University of Melbourne, Australia 4 Real-Time Dynamics of Electron Localization Observed in a Dissociating Molecule ...... 47 Irina A. Bocharova, Maia Magrakvelidze, Sankar De, I.V. Litvinyuk, Kansas State University, USA 5 Fluorescence Measurements of Christmas Island Stalagmite Banding ...... 48 Kimberley Birt, John Holdsworth, Kurtis Reuter, Benjamin Duck, Bruce King, Russell Drysdale, University of Newcastle, Australia 2 1 + 6 Optogalvanic Spectroscopy of the F7/2- D[5/2]5/2 Repumper Transition for Yb Optical Frequency Standards ...... 48 Matthew J. Petrasiunas 1, Erik W. Streed 1, Till J. Weinhold 1, Benjamin Norton 1, Wayne M. Itano 2, D. Kielpinski 1; 1Griffith University, Australia; 2NIST, USA 7 Time Resolved Spectroscopy of Photosynthetic Mimics ...... 48 B. Robotham 1, Kenneth P. Ghiggino 1, S.J. Langford 2,K.Lee2; 1University of Melbourne, Australia; 2Monash University, Australia 8 Fabrication of Surface Relief Gratings in Azopolymer Films Using Mask Methods ...... 48 Yanhua Luo 1, Wenxuan Wu 2, Xusheng Cheng 2, Zengchang Li 2, Xiaowu Yu 2, Qijin Zhang 2, Bing Zhu 2, Gang-Ding Peng 1; 1University of New South Wales, Australia; 2USTC, China 9 Enhanced Absorption in Woodpile Metallic Photonic Crystals for Modified Thermal Emission ...... 48 Md. Muntasir Hossain, Baohua Jia, Guangyong Zhou, Min Gu, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia 10 Femtosecond Laser Processing of Silica Glasses with Varying Hydroxyl Concentrations ...... 48 M. Lancry 1, N. Groothoff 2, S. Guizard 3, W. Yang 4, B. Poumellec 1, P.G. Kazansky 4, John Canning 2; 1ICMMO, France; 2University of Sydney, Australia; 3Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, France; 4University of Southampton, UK 12 Optimization of Torque Efficiency in the Design of Optically-Driven Microrotors ...... 48 Vincent L.Y. Loke, Theodor Asavei, Timo A. Nieminen, Norman R. Heckenberg, Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop, University of Queensland, Australia 13 Fabrication of Channel Waveguides in Lithium Niobate ...... 48 Yi Lu, Benjamin Johnston, Peter Dekker, Judith M. Dawes, Macquarie University, Australia 14 Quantitative Measurement of Sodium and Potassium Released from Australian Loy Yang Coal and Pine Wood by Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ...... 49 L.J. Hsu 1,Y.Li2, Zeyad T. Alwahabi 1, Graham J. Nathan 1, Z.S. Li 3, M. Aldén 3; 1University of Adelaide, Australia; 2Jilin University, China; 3Lund University, Sweden

ACOFT Posters Union Building Eclipse/Equinox, 18:00 Monday 15 Impedance of Square and Triangular Lattice Photonic Crystals ...... 49 Felix J. Lawrence 1, Lindsay C. Botten 2, Kokou B. Dossou 2, C. Martijn de Sterke 1, R.C. McPhedran 1; 1University of Sydney, Australia; 2University of Technology Sydney, Australia 16 Running Rings Around Photonic Crystal Fibre ...... 49 Thomas Grujic, Boris T. Kuhlmey, C. Martijn de Sterke, University of Sydney, Australia 17 Optimisation of the Soliton Self-Frequency Shift in a Tapered Photonic Crystal Fibre ...... 49 A.C. Judge 1, O. Bang 2, Benjamin J. Eggleton 1, Boris T. Kuhlmey 1, Eric C. Mägi 1, Ravi Pant 1, C. Martijn de Sterke 1; 1University of Sydney, Australia; 2Technical University of Denmark, Denmark 18 Point-by-Point Written Sampled Fiber Bragg Gratings ...... 49 Matthias Stecher, Robert J. Williams, Graham D. Marshall, Michael J. Withford, Graham E. Town, Macquarie University, Australia

15 19 Application of Full-Wave Electromagnetic Solvers to Micro/Nano-Structured Fibres ...... 49 Shaghik Atakaramians, Hendrik Franke, Derek Abbott, Tanya M. Monro, Christophe Fumeaux, University of Adelaide, Australia 20 Towards a Refractive Index Sensor Utilizing Nanostructures Surface Plasmon Resonance on the End-Face of an Optical Fibre ...... 49 Huy Nguyen 1, Marko Milicevic 2, Ann Roberts 2, Gregory W. Baxter 1, Stephen F. Collins 1, Tim J. Davis 3; 1Victoria University, Australia; 2University of Melbourne, Australia; 3CSIRO, Australia 21 Pump Contribution to Linewidth of Er-Doped Distributed-Feedback Fibre Lasers ...... 49 Scott Foster, Alexei Tikhomirov, DSTO, Australia 22 Efficient Coupling of Emission of Embedded Single Photon Sources Within Optical Fibres ...... 49 Matthew R. Henderson 1, Shahraam Afshar V. 1, Andrew D. Greentree 2, Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem 1, Tanya M. Monro 1; 1University of Adelaide, Australia; 2University of Melbourne, Australia 23 Electric Field Sensor Based on a Multi-Channel Directional-Coupler with an Electro-Optic Polymer ...... 50 Ravi J. McCosker, Graham E. Town, Macquarie University, Australia 24 Novel Splice-Free Distributed Feedback Fibre Laser Array Architecture ...... 50 Alexei Tikhomirov, Scott Foster, DSTO, Australia 25 An Analytic Treatment of Shallow Photonic Crystal Waveguides ...... 50 Sahand Mahmoodian 1, Christopher G. Poulton 2, Kokou B. Dossou 2, R.C. McPhedran 1, Lindsay C. Botten 2, C. Martijn de Sterke 1; 1University of Sydney, Australia; 2University of Technology Sydney, Australia 26 Transverse Strain Sensing Using Transmission Dips at Twice the Fibre Bragg Grating Wavelength ...... 50 Harpreet K. Bal 1, Fotios Sidiroglou 1, Sui P. Yam 1, Zourab Brodzeli 1, Scott A. Wade 2, Gregory W. Baxter 1, Stephen F. Collins 1; 1Victoria University, Australia; 2Monash University, Australia 27 Mid-IR Sources Based on Four-Wave Mixing in Microstructured Optical Fibres ...... 50 Richard T. White, Wen Qi Zhang, Shahraam Afshar V., Tanya M. Monro, University of Adelaide, Australia 28 Post-Processing of Self-Assembled Supramolecular Structures ...... 50 John Canning 1, Brant C. Gibson 2, George Huyang 1, Tony Khoury 1, Tze Jing Sum 1, C. Neto 1, Maxwell J. Crossley 1; 1University of Sydney, Australia; 2University of Melbourne, Australia 29 Observation of Focusing to Defocusing Crossover in Nonlinear Two-Dimensional Periodic Structures ...... 50 Francis H. Bennet, Inés A. Amuli, Dragomir N. Neshev, Andrey A. Sukhorukov, Wieslaw Z. Krolikowski, Yuri S. Kivshar, Australian National University, Australia 30 Multipole Method for Modeling Linear Defects in Photonic Woodpiles ...... 50 Dougal J. Kan, Ara A. Asatryan, Christopher G. Poulton, Lindsay C. Botten, University of Technology Sydney, Australia 31 Doped Porous Polymers on Optical Fibres for Fluorescence Based Detection of Aluminium Ions ...... 50 Silvia Tejedor 1, Claire E. Davis 1, Grant McAdam 1, David Cannon 1, Ben Cumming 2; 1DSTO, Australia; 2Swinburne University of Technology, Australia 32 Tuning the Thermal Stability of Type I Fibre Bragg Gratings ...... 51 John Canning, M. Åslund, M. Stevenson, Kevin Cook, University of Sydney, Australia 33 Towards Microstructured-Fibre-Based Optical Parametric Oscillators for Ultra-Short-Pulse Sources in the Near-Infrared ...... 51 Wen Qi Zhang 1, Jay E. Sharping 2, Richard T. White 1, Tanya M. Monro 1, Shahraam Afshar V. 1; 1University of Adelaide, Australia; 2University of California at Merced, USA 34 Grating Writing with 355nm Wavelength in Polymer Optical Fibre Doped with Benzildimethylketal ...... 51 Yanhua Luo 1, Huiyong Liu 1, Qijin Zhang 2, Gang-Ding Peng 1; 1University of New South Wales, Australia; 2USTC, China 35 Raman Amplifier Stability ...... 51 Peter M. Dower, Peter M. Farrell, University of Melbourne, Australia 36 Structural Relaxation and Ageing Phenomena in Silica Optical Fibres ...... 51 Irina Severin 1, M. Caramihai 1, K. Chung 2, G. Tasca 1, T. Park 2,D.Yoo2; 1POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest, Romania; 2Seoul National University, Korea 37 Optical Phase Locking for 100Gb/s DQPSK Remodulation for Up-Stream Transmission in Passive Optical Access Networks ...... 51 Le Nguyen Binh 1, Nhut Khai Hoan Tran 2; 1Monash University, Australia; 2Can Tho University, Vietnam

16 38 Inscription of Bragg Gratings in Chalcogenide Optical Fibre Using 532nm Radiation ...... 51 Kevin Cook 1, Nicolas Ducros 2, Sébastien Février 2, John Canning 1, Ajoy K. Kar 3; 1University of Sydney, Australia; 2XLIM, France; 3Heriot-Watt University, UK 39 Laser Diode Stability ...... 51 Peter M. Farrell, Peter M. Dower, Kerry Hinton, University of Melbourne, Australia 40 Fabrication Process Development and Characterisation of Compact Chalcogenide Planar Waveguides Having Low Loss ...... 51 Duk-Yong Choi, Steve Madden, Douglas A.P. Bulla, Barry Luther-Davies, Australian National University, Australia 41 Chirped Fibre Grating with Nonlinear Eﬀective Index Modulation ...... 51 Binbin Yan 1, Gang-Ding Peng 2, Chongxiu Yu 1, Daxiong Xu 1,MoLi2, Yanhua Luo 2; 1BUPT, China; 2University of New South Wales, Australia 42 3D Mapping of Spontaneous Emission Decay Lifetime from Quantum Dots Inﬁltrated into Photonic Crystals ...... 52 Zongsong Gan 1, Baohua Jia 1, Jiafang Li 1, Jingfeng Liu 2, Xuehua Wang 2, Min Gu 1; 1Swinburne University of Technology, Australia; 2Sun Yat-Sen University, China 43 A Smart Transducer Interface Module for Fibre Bragg Grating Sensors ...... 52 Graham Wild, Steven Hinckley, Edith Cowan University, Australia 44 Feasibility Investigation of Innovative Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensors for Medical Application ...... 52 Tommaso Palmisano, Luca A. Allegretti, Marco De Sario, Luciano Mescia, Francesco Prudenzano, Politecnico di Bari, Italy 46 Fabrication of Phase-Shifted Fibre Bragg Gratings with Non-Uniform Etching ...... 52 Zourab Brodzeli 1, Harpreet K. Bal 1, Fotios Sidiroglou 1, Nicoleta Dragomir 1, François Ladouceur 2; 1Victoria University, Australia; 2University of New South Wales, Australia 47 High-Resolution Optical Sampling in Dispersion-Shifted Highly Nonlinear Chalcogenide Waveguides ...... 52 Feng Luan 1, Jürgen Van Erps 1, Mark D. Pelusi 1, Tim Iredale 1, Steve Madden 2, Duk-Yong Choi 2, Douglas A.P. Bulla 2, Barry Luther-Davies 2, Hugo Thienpont 3, Benjamin J. Eggleton 1; 1University of Sydney, Australia; 2Australian National University, Australia; 3Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium 48 Analysis and Experiment of Gradient-Index Fibre Collimators for Fibre Sensing ...... 52 Mo Li 1, Jingmin Dai 2, Gang-Ding Peng 1; 1University of New South Wales, Australia; 2Harbin Institute of Technology, China

ACOLS Posters Union Building Eclipse/Equinox, 17:20 Wednesday 50 Direct Femtosecond Laser Written Waveguides in Bulk Ti3+:Sapphire ...... 52 Simon Gross, Michael J. Withford, Alexander Fuerbach, Macquarie University, Australia 51 Thermal Poling Studies of Phosphorous-Doped Silicon Dioxide Planar Waveguides ...... 52 Huai-Yi Chen, Hung-Yi Lin, Huafan University, Taiwan 52 Alkyl Chain Control of the Formation of Self-Assembled Monolayers, Iridescent Microrods and Crystals of Alkylporphyrins of Potential Use in Photonics ...... 52 John Canning, Tony Khoury, Paul Jensen, George Huyang, Tze Jing Sum, Yiing Chin, Jeﬀrey R. Reimers, Maxwell J. Crossley, University of Sydney, Australia 53 Highly Ordered, Free-Standing Silver Nano-Wire Arrays: Fabrication and Optical Properties ...... 53 Jing-Hua Fang, Ling Lin, Ann Roberts, Paul Spizzirri, Steven Prawer, University of Melbourne, Australia

54 Thermal Lens Study of CW Self-Raman Laser in Nd:GdVO4 Pumped by 880nm Laser-Diode ...... 53 J. Lin, H.M. Pask, A.J. Lee, David J. Spence, Macquarie University, Australia 55 A Dual Stabilized Master Laser System for DIAL ...... 53 Alex Dinovitser, Murray W. Hamilton, Robert Vincent, University of Adelaide, Australia 56 Instabilities and Chaos in Optically Injected Semiconductor Lasers ...... 53 Furat A.M. Al-Saymari, Imad Al-Deen H.A. Al-Saidi, University of Basrah, Iraq 57 A Pulse Stacked and Gain-Switched Holmium-Doped Fibre Laser Operating at a High Repetition Rate ...... 53 Ka Wu 1, Shayne Bennetts 2, David G. Lancaster 2, Jesper Munch 1, David Ottaway 1, Stuart Jackson 3; 1University of Adelaide, Australia; 2DSTO, Australia; 3University of Sydney, Australia 58 A High Power Composite Zigzag Slab Laser for Gravitational Wave Interferometry ...... 53 David J. Hosken, Damien Mudge, Peter J. Veitch, Jesper Munch, University of Adelaide, Australia

17 59 Power Scaling of Cryogenically Cooled High Power Solid State Laser ...... 53 Miftar Ganija, David Ottaway, David J. Hosken, Peter J. Veitch, Jesper Munch, University of Adelaide, Australia 61 Increasing the Sensitivity of Plasmonic Sensors by Means of Nanofluidics ...... 53 Martin L. Kurth 1, Dmitri K. Gramotnev 2; 1Queensland University of Technology, Australia; 2Nanophotonics Pty. Ltd., Australia 62 New Nano-Focusing Structure ...... 53 Shiaw Juen Tan 1, Dmitri K. Gramotnev 2; 1Queensland University of Technology, Australia; 2Nanophotonics Pty. Ltd., Australia 63 Localised Plasmons Beyond the Electrostatic Limit ...... 54 Mark Turner, Min Gu, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia 64 Surface Plasmon Resonance Manipulation of Microparticles in a Microfluidic Device ...... 54 Stephen Weber, Daniel Day, Min Gu, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia 65 Coupling Between Cylindrical Surface Plasmon Polariton in Metal Nanowires ...... 54 Wei Liu 1, Dragomir N. Neshev 1, Boris T. Kuhlmey 2, Jing Hou 3, Yuri S. Kivshar 1; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2University of Sydney, Australia; 3National University of Defense Technology, China 66 Effect of Oscillation Frequency Shift on Photorefractive Phase-Shift in Single Photorefractive Ring Resonators ...... 54 M.K. Maurya, T.K. Yadav, R.A. Yadav, Banaras Hindu University, India 67 Transport and Stability of Two-Dimensional Matter-Wave Solitons in a Driven Optical Lattice ...... 54 Jasur A. Abdullaev 1, Dario Poletti 2, Elena A. Ostrovskaya 1, Yuri S. Kivshar 1; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2National University of Singapore, Singapore 68 The BCS-BEC Crossover and the Single Impurity Anderson Model ...... 54 S.F. Caballero Benítez 1, Joel Corney 2, M. Gulácsí 3; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2University of Queensland, Australia; 3MPI-PKS, Germany 69 Getting the Most Out of Your Atom Laser: What is the Best Way to Squeeze an Atom Laser for Precision Measurement? ...... 54 S.A. Haine 1, Mattias Johnsson 2; 1University of Queensland, Australia; 2Australian National University, Australia 70 Matter-Wave Soliton Tunneling in Driven Potentials ...... 54 Kimberley Heenan 1, Mario Salerno 2, Tristram J. Alexander 1, Elena A. Ostrovskaya 1; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2Università di Salerno, Italy 71 Correlation Measurements in a Bose-Einstein Condensate of Metastable Helium ...... 54 Sean S. Hodgman, Andrew G. Manning, Robert G. Dall, Mattias Johnsson, Andrew G. Truscott, Australian National University, Australia 72 Efficient Stochastic Simulations Using a Novel Number-Phase Wigner Representation and Non-Classical Probability Distribution Sampling Technique ...... 54 M.R. Hush, André R.R. Carvalho, Joseph J. Hope, Australian National University, Australia 73 Asymmetric Steering: When Alice and Bob Disagree ...... 55 Sarah L.W. Midgley, Andy Ferris, Murray K. Olsen, University of Queensland, Australia 74 Vortex Decay in High Temperature Bose-Einstein Condensates ...... 55 Samuel Rooney, Ashton S. Bradley, P. Blair Blakie, University of Otago, New Zealand 75 Metastable Helium on an Atom Chip ...... 55 RuGway Wu 1, Brenton Hall 2, Robert Evans 1, Robert G. Dall 1, Andrew G. Truscott 1; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2Swinburne University of Technology, Australia 76 Magnetic Lattices for Ultracold Atoms and Quantum Degenerate Gases ...... 55 M. Singh, S. Jose, Andrei Sidorov, Russell McLean, Peter Hannaford, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia 77 Entanglement Generated by Jump Based Feedback with Raman Transitions ...... 55 R.N. Stevenson, André R.R. Carvalho, Joseph J. Hope, Australian National University, Australia 78 Optical Characterization of a Phase Fresnel Lens for Trapped Ion Quantum Computing ...... 55 Benjamin Norton, Erik W. Streed, Justin J. Chapman, D. Kielpinski, Griffith University, Australia 79 Time-Averaged Optical Potentials for Bose-Einstein Condensates ...... 55 E.D. van Ooijen, S.K. Schnelle, K.J. Weegink, Leif Humbert, Matthew J. Davis, Norman R. Heckenberg, Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop, University of Queensland, Australia 81 Single-Plane Phase Imaging of Cold Atoms ...... 55 Andrew McCulloch, David Sheludko, Harry Morris Quiney, Robert Scholten, University of Melbourne, Australia

18 82 Non-Linear Faraday Rotation in an Optical Dipole Trap ...... 55 Leszek Krzemien, Krzysztof Brzozowski, Jerzy Zachorowski, Wojciech Gawlik, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland 83 Two-Level Atoms Macroscopic Quantum Trapping in an Optical Cavity ...... 56 S.C. Lei 1, M.K. Soi 2, C.H. Lee 1, R.K. Lee 3, Yuri S. Kivshar 1; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2Macao Labour Aﬀairs Bureau, China; 3National Tsing-Hua University, Taiwan

DS2009 Posters Union Building Eclipse/Equinox, 17:20 Wednesday 85 Transformations of Continuously Self-Focusing Dissipative Solitons ...... 56 C. Mejía-Cortés 1, J.M. Soto-Crespo 1, N. Akhmediev 2, N. Devine 2; 1CSIC, Spain; 2Australian National University, Australia 86 Light Bullets in Nonlinear Curved Waveguide Arrays ...... 56 Michal Matuszewski, Ivan L. Garanovich, Andrey A. Sukhorukov, Australian National University, Australia

19 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

CZT spectrometers are still limited to relatively small dimensions Plenary (<3cm3), which makes them inefficient at detecting high photon Elder Hall, 08:45 – 10:30, Monday energies (> 1 MeV) and somewhat ineffective for weak radiation signals except in proximity to the source. The detectors are The Power of Light — The Fiber Laser Revolution very attractive for a much broader range of spectroscopic and imaging applications; however, increases in their efficiency are David Richardson; University of Southampton, UK needed without sacrificing the ability to spectrally resolve gamma 101 energies. Achieving the goal of low-cost efficient CZT detectors requires progress in the following areas: better uniformity of I review recent advances in high power fiber laser technology detector response, growth of large uniform single crystals, and that have led to the development of efficient, compact and robust improved device fabrication procedures. Despite the current mate- laser systems of unprecedented levels of brightness and versatility. rial constraints, several types of electron-transport-only detectors Over recent years the powers that can be achieved from fiber have been developed: pixel, coplanar-grid, cross-strip, drift-strip, lasers have grown rapidly due to parallel advances in the high- orthogonal coplanar strip, and virtual Frisch-grid, some of which power semiconductor laser diodes used to energize fiber lasers, are now addressing important applications. This talk summarizes diode-to-fiber coupling schemes and doped fiber design and the material factors limiting performance of CZT detectors and fabrication. Whilst the headline results have generally related provides new insight into the critical role of small-scale defects on to the possibilities of scaling continuous-wave fiber lasers, with the energy resolution and efficiency of detectors. 10kW now possible from an effectively single-mode core, advances in many aspects of pulsed laser performance have been just as Core-Electron Localization Effects in a Diatomic spectacular. For example, using the fiber Master Oscillator Power Amplifier (MOPA) approach it is now possible to realise fs and ps Molecule Interacting with Intense Ultrashort-Pulse pulsed fiber systems operating at the multi-100W level with pulse XUV Radiation: Quantum-Dynamic Simulations energies in excess of the 1 mJ level. In the nanosecond regime Olena Ponomarenko, Harry Morris Quiney; University multi-100W systems have also been achieved with single mode pulse energies of several mJ, and by relaxing the mode-quality of Melbourne, Australia higher pulse energies are now possible. 104 Within this talk I shall review the state-of-the-art in high power In this paper, we theoretically investigate effects of intense extreme fiber laser systems. I shall describe the key benefits of fiber lasers ultraviolet laser fields on dynamical properties of a core electronic relative to the more established competitor technologies, describe density in a highly charged diatomic carbon molecular ion. We some of the issues limiting further power and energy scaling and report inter-well tunnelling of the electronic wavefunction through review the use of both temporal pulse and spatial mode shaping the Coulomb barrier between nuclei driven by the field. This technology to achieve improved performance. I shall also review tunnelling is mediated by a coupling of an almost degenerate pair the wavelength coverage frequency conversion options for fiber of lowest electronic states of opposite parity. The core electron lasers and describe specific applications of the technology in localization dynamics is scalable for higher intensity/shorter both science and engineering — these include amongst others wavelength regimes. These results are discussed in the context use in directed-energy applications, counter-measure systems for of applicability of the crystallographic atomic form factors in military platforms, medicine and, of course, industrial materials single-shot XFEL experiments. processing which represents the primary driver for the technology. High Harmonic Generation of Extreme Ultraviolet I shall conclude by speculating as to likely future developments and the ultimate levels of performance achievable. Radiation from Diatomic Molecules K.B. Dinh, Peter Hannaford, L.V. Dao; Swinburne Single Molecule Laser Spectroscopy — From Probes University of Technology, Australia to Polymers 105 Kenneth P. Ghiggino, Toby D.M. Bell; University of We report the study of high order harmonic generation of extreme Melbourne, Australia ultraviolet radiation from diatomic molecules including N2 and O2. 102 The influence of frequency modulation (chirp) of the fundamental laser and the influence of orientation of the molecules on the Advances in imaging and photon detection methods have en- spectrum and intensity of the extreme ultraviolet radiation are abled the observation of fluorescence from single molecules (SM) studied. dispersed in condensed media by optical microscopy methods. When combined with pulsed laser excitation, spectral dispersion of fluorescence and photon timing detection, the technique pro- 1B ACOLS : Metamaterials vides a powerful tool for studying the distribution of molecular behaviours that make up bulk photochemical properties. Examples G03, 11:10 – 12:30, Monday presented include investigations of new fluorescence probes and single conjugated polymer chains that show the role of molecular Functional Metamaterials and Nonlinear Plasmonics structure and environment on excited state dynamics. In both Ilya V. Shadrivov; Australian National University, cases SM studies reveal surprising behaviour that is obscured in bulk photophysical measurements. Australia 106 Metamaterials are artificial composite structures designed to 1A ACOLS : Xray & XUV exhibit electromagnetic properties not found in nature. Nonlinear- N102, 11:10 – 12:30, Monday ity brings us possibilities for creating functional metamaterials. Nonlinear effects have already shown their unique usefulness in Crystal Growth to Fully Digital Systems—ANew optics and telecommunications, and this suggests that the nonlinear metamaterials can also demonstrate unusual phenomena. Enabling Technology for Imaging X-Rays and At the same time, nonlinear plasmonic structures share many Gammas common features with nonlinear metamaterials, and we are going Ralph B. James; Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA to overview them in this presentation. 103 Reversible Nonreciprocity with Liquid Crystals Cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) is one of the most promising 1 2 materials for the production of large-volume gamma-ray spec- Andrey Miroshnichenko , Etienne Brasselet , Yuri S. trometers and imaging arrays operable at room temperature. The Kivshar 1; 1Australian National University, Australia; performance of CZT devices, the global capacity for growth of 2CPMOH, France detector-grade crystals, and the size of the commercial market 107 have progressed steadily over the past 5–10 years. Because of defi- ciencies in the quality of the material, commercial high-resolution We suggest a novel concept for achieving nonreciprocal optical response in periodic photonic structures with liquid crystals. We

20 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia show that a variation of optical response of a liquid-crystal defect To Hop or Not to Hop — That is the Question above the optical Fréedericksz transition creates an asymmetrical Alexander B. Stilgoe, Timo A. Nieminen, Norman R. field distribution inside the structure and results in different Heckenberg, Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop; University of thresholds for the light transmission from the left and right. This effect allows to realize color-sensitive reversible optical nonre- Queensland, Australia ciprocity even in symmetric structures. 112 Parameters to allow observable Brownian hopping between beams Matter Wave Transport in Optical Lattices in a dual beam optical tweezers are discussed. Hopping between Tristram J. Alexander, Yuri S. Kivshar; Australian the foci of dielectric particles is either enabled or disabled by the choice of parameters including particle size, optical irradiance National University, Australia and beam separation. Here, the theory allowing hopping between 108 two close optical traps is discussed along with the experimental Controlled condensate flow in both continuous wave and pulsed apparatus used to realize hopping and therefore the statistical form is demonstrated along self-induced “matter waveguides” in mechanics of a non-equilibrium system. an optical lattice. Formation of the matter waveguides, composed of truncated nonlinear Bloch states, is shown to be possible due to a suppression of transverse instabilities by the lattice. Continuous 1D ACOFT : Fibre Sensing 1 wave condensate flow along the waveguides is shown to be stable LG29, 11:10 – 12:30, Monday provided the flow velocity does not exceed a critical threshold. Exci- tation and transmission of pulses along narrow waveguides is also The Use of Fibre Bragg Grating Arrays for in-vivo demonstrated, and a cross-over between nonlinear Schrödinger and Korteweg-de-Vries type behaviour is shown. Diagnosis in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract John W. Arkwright 1, Ian D. Underhill 1, Simon A. 1 1 2 1C ACOLS : Optical Trapping Maunder , Neil Blenman , Michael M. Szczesniak , Ian J. Cook 2, Phil G. Dinning 2; 1CSIRO, Australia; G04, 11:10 – 12:30, Monday 2University of New South Wales, Australia Optical Vortices for Trapping and Transport of 113 Particles in Air The advent of spectrally separated draw tower grating arrays and solid state spectrometers has enabled the development of viable in- V.G. Shvedov, Yana Izdebskaya, Anton S. Desyatnikov, vivo catheters for diagnosis of motility disorders in the human gut. A.V. Rode, Wieslaw Z. Krolikowski, Yuri S. Kivshar; Our catheters contain more than 100 discrete sensing elements Australian National University, Australia spaced at 1cm intervals and can span significant regions of the gut. 109 The use of wavelength division multiplexing techniques allows us to simultaneously interrogate the entire catheter to create dynamic We present a review of our new activity on using laser beams images of the complex nature of peristalsis in the human colon for containing phase singularity for trapping and transport over the the first time. meter-long distance of light-absorbing particles in air. The experiments were performed with agglomerates of carbon nanoclusters High Precision Microstructured Fibre Based with a wide range of sizes up to 100 μm. Theoretical calculations based on the photophoretic forces show good agreement with the Refractive Index Sensing: Absolute Refractive Index experimental results. The distinguishing feature of the trapping Measurements and Low-Index Sensing strategy is that particles are trapped at the intensity minimum Vincent Pureur, D.K.C. Wu, Qing Shi, A. Argyros, of the beam, thus with minimum heating, which is important for direct studies of air-born particle properties and for air-trapping Benjamin J. Eggleton, Boris T. Kuhlmey; University of of living cells. Sydney, Australia 114 Characterisation of Microparticle Flow in a We extend the recently demonstrated technique of ultrahigh Microfluidic Device Using Optical Trapping precision refractive index measurements in photonic crystal fibres Daniel Day, Jing Wu, Min Gu; Swinburne University of using a directional coupler geometry to absolute, temperature compensated refractive index measurements. The proposed and Technology, Australia experimentally demonstrated device contains two directional 110 couplers in a reflection geometry, one with a sealed-in reference We present a useful method for characterisation of the flow fluid and the other accepting the analyte. We also demonstrate properties of microparticles in a microfluidic channel using optical sensing of refractive indices lower than the background index trapping. Using the gradient force generated in an optical trap the using a novel high index coated hole geometry. The latter has the velocity of a microparticle can be determined through the direct added benefit that it does not require selective filling of holes. − measurement of the Stokes force. The particle velocity profiles Precisions below 10 6 refractive index units are possible. in straight and curved channels are measured and the results are compared with computational fluid dynamic simulations. The Radiation Effects in Glasses for Optical Fiber effect of Stokes drag force on the microparticle size and measured Dosimetry velocity is characterised. Chris Kalnins, Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Tanya M. Optical Paddle-Wheel Monro, Frances Williams, Nigel Spooner; University of Theodor Asavei, Vincent L.Y. Loke, Timo A. Nieminen, Adelaide, Australia Norman R. Heckenberg, Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop; 115 University of Queensland, Australia We report on the dosimetry properties of fluoride-phosphate and lead silicate glasses for fiber-based sensing of ionizing radiation. 111 Optically trapped micro-objects that can be spun in a fluid are useful tools for probing fluid properties at microscale. If such a free-floating optically-driven microrotor can be moved to a desired position, it can allow the controlled application of a directed flow in a particular location, thus making it useful for potential biological applications. Here we demonstrate the control and rotation of such a device, an optical paddle-wheel, using a multiple-beam trap. In contrast to the usual situation where rotation is around the beam axis, here we demonstrate rotation normal to this axis.

21 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

structures are patches of spatial oscillations enclosed by slow 1E ACOFT : Subwavelength Structures switching fronts on an homogeneous background. The effect of the LG28, 11:10 – 12:30, Monday distant boundaries balances with the exponentially small pinning forces affecting the fronts. With this balance, general boundary Fibres with Subwavelength Features: Fabrication conditions can be treated analytically. We find that the locations available to localized structures form a discrete set which develops and Novel Guidance Properties from a cascade of bifurcations as their size is varied. This limits Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Shahraam Afshar V., the information capacity of this nonlinear system. Stephen C. Warren-Smith, Wen Qi Zhang, Yinlan Ruan, Mathematical Models for Ultrashort Optical Pulses Shaghik Atakaramians, Tanya M. Monro; University of Adelaide, Australia Uwe Bandelow, Shalva Amiranashvili, Alexander 116 Mielke; WIAS, Germany This paper reviews recent progress in the fabrication, modelling 121 and characterization of fibres with subwavelength features in the Rational approximation is superior to Taylor expansion if singu- fibre cross section. larities occur, as for optical response functions in the complex frequency domain. We construct a rational approximant for the Subwavelength Soft Glass Fibres with Extremely complex refractive index using only local information close to Small Hole Size for Field Enhancement a carrier frequency, but which accurately represents the global medium dispersion and absorption together with causality. Our Yinlan Ruan, Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Tanya M. results are relevant for spectrally broad optical pulses where Monro; University of Adelaide, Australia resonances with related absorption become important. As an 117 application we derive a nonlocal envelope model for ultrashort pulses that naturally bridges between local envelope equations and We report fabrication of lead silicate glass microstructured fibres models operating directly with the electric field. with a single subwavelength hole in the core for field enhancement. The hole size is as small as 30 nm and has been achieved by using the extrusion technique. Modelling of the near field diffraction 2A ACOLS : Spectroscopy indicates that the field enhancement can be maintained to over 30 nm distance from the fibre endfacet. The near field imaging of the N102, 13:40 – 15:00, Monday field output pattern by SNOM is also explored. Quantification of Myosin in Cardiomyocytes Using Towards All-Diamond Efficient Single-Photon Nonlinear Optical Microscopy Sources: Part I — Theory Samuel J. Wallace 1, Kimberley J. Botting 2, Janna L. C.-H. Su 1, Mark P. Hiscocks 2, Brant C. Gibson 1, Morrison 2, Tak W. Kee 1; 1University of Adelaide, Andrew D. Greentree 1, Lloyd C.L. Hollenberg 1, Australia; 2University of South Australia, Australia François Ladouceur 2; 1University of Melbourne, 122 Australia; 2University of New South Wales, Australia Second harmonic generation (SHG) and two photon excitation 118 fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy have been used to quantify the myosin content in individual cardiomyocytes. We determine the Colour centres in diamond have rapidly emerged as one of the dependence of measured myosin area on the signal to noise ratio most important potential enablers for practical quantum tasks, (SNR) of the image to find the real myosin content. We find the including quantum key distribution and quantum metrology. They average myosin content does not change between mononucleated have the advantages of long photo-stability, room temperature and binucleated cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes from the left operation and very high count rates. The integration of such ventricle have a lower average myosin content of 70.8% compared sources into practical devices, however, still needs to be refined. to the right ventricle 76.4% (p-value < 0.08). Here we discuss the importance of optimising atomic properties against quantum metrics, and the imperatives of cavity design for high-fidelity sources. Photodegradation of Nonlinear Optical Organic Films with Varying Optical Intensity DS Workshop My T.T. Do, S. Janssens, S.G. Raymond, G.V.M. Williams, D.H. Bhuiyan, A.J. Kay; Industrial Research LG24, 11:10 – 12:30, Monday Ltd., New Zealand Spatial Optical Solitons in Layered Thermal Media 123 1 2 Photostability measurements have been made on host-guest films Yaroslav V. Kartashov , Victor A. Vysloukh , Lluis containing amorphous polycarbonate and an organic chromophore Torner 1; 1ICFO, Spain; 2Universidad de las Americas, (PYR-3) with a high 2nd order nonlinear optical figure of merit. We Mexico find that the photodegradation quantum efficiency deceases for −2 119 intensities up to 500 mW mm and thermal degradation occurs for higher optical intensities. We address properties of solitons forming in the bulk and at the surface of layered thermal medium made of alternating focusing Effects of Solvent on Laser-Induced Fluorescence in and defocusing layers. Such structures support robust bright solitons even if the averaged nonlinearity is defocusing. Non- the Context of Two-Line Atomic Fluorescence oscillating solitons may form in any of the focusing domains, Qing N. Chan, Paul R. Medwell, Zeyad T. Alwahabi, even in those located close to the sample edge, in contrast to uniform thermal media where light beams always oscillate when Peter A.M. Kalt, Bassam B. Dally, Graham J. Nathan; not launched exactly on the sample center. Stable bulk and surface University of Adelaide, Australia multipole solitons may include more than four spots in layered 124 thermal media. This work aims to improve on the quality of the fluorescence images of the non linear regime two-line atomic fluorescence Spatially Localized Structures in Finite Domains (NTLAF) technique, with the use of methanol as seeding solution. G. Kozyreff 1, P. Assemat 1, S.J. Chapman 2; 1Université The use of methanol yields a three-fold enhancement in the signal Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium; 2OCIAM, UK intensity, as compared to the signal intensity observed when water is used. A two-fold enhancement in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) 120 is also obtained with the use of methanol. The use of methanol We analyze asymptotically localized structures arising from a provides superior signal and hence reduces the uncertainty of subcritical Turing instability in a large but finite domain. These NTLAF technique in resolving temperature.

22 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

12 13 Quantitative Measurement of C and C Ratios incorporated to the structure. In this communication, we report Using a New Data Analysis Technique for the the influence of nitrogen incorporation on the microstructure of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer dilute nitride films. The PL spectrum and material optical gain for GaInNAs with different N percentage have been investigated and 1 1 2 2 K.J. Conroy , T.K. Boyson ,A.Lee , M.E. Calzada , reported. T.G. Spence 2, K.P. Kirkbride 3, C.C. Harb 1; 1University of New South Wales, Australia; 2Loyola University New Parametric Study of GaInNAs Quantum Wells for Orleans, USA; 3Australian Federal Police, Australia Long Wavelength VCSEL 125 Mohd Sharizal Alias 1, Benjamin Damilano 2, S.M. The proceeding work involves quantitatively measuring carbon Mitani 1, Nor Azlian Abd Manaf 1, Farha Maskuriy 1; isotopic ratios with a standard Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) 1TM Research & Development, Malaysia; 2CHREA, spectrometer. We have devised an approach for data analysis that manipulates the FT-IR interferogram with precision that rivals France that of a mass spectrometer. This technology is more accurate 129 and more versatility of applications. The broadband light source Parametric analysis of GaInNAs quantum wells properties is generates rapid, yet accurate, data over a wide spectral range. performed to investigate GaInNAs application in long wavelength Using 13C doped benzoic acid, we have generated a calibration Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) operating at 1310 curve with a correlation value of 0.99992. Data was collected with nm wavelength. The optimized GaInNAs quantum well is incor- a Nicolet 6700 FT-IR from Thermo Electron and analysed in Matlab. porated into double intra-cavity device structure for VCSEL device analysis. The GaInNAs VCSEL exhibits sub-milliampere operating current and single-mode emission at 1310 nm. 2B ACOLS : Metamaterials 2 G03, 13:40 – 15:00, Monday 2C ACOLS : Optics Tilted Response of Fishnet Photonic Metamaterials G04, 13:40 – 15:00, Monday at Near-Infrared Wavelengths Advances in Interferometric Surface Measurement 1 1 Alexander Minovich , Dragomir N. Neshev , David James C. Wyant; University of Arizona, USA 1 1 1 Powell , Ilya V. Shadrivov , Mikhail Lapine , Ian 130 1 2 1 McKerracher , Haroldo T. Hattori , Hark Hoe Tan , A major limitation of precision interferometry for metrology is 1 1 1 Chennupati Jagadish , Yuri S. Kivshar ; Australian the sensitivity to the environment. This talk discusses different National University, Australia; 2University of New techniques for reducing the effects of vibration and atmospheric South Wales, Australia turbulence on interferometric measurements enabling precision interferometric measurements in uncontrolled environments. 126 The application of these techniques for the measurement of We study experimentally the transmission properties of fishnet surface vibration, the testing of optical components including metamaterials in the near-infrared spectral range. We analyse DUV lithographic components, the phasing of segmented optical the change of fishnet resonances at varying angles of incidence components, and the measurement of deformations of diffuse for different polarisations. The results show that the shift of the structures will be described. main transmission resonance to longer wavelengths occurs for TE incidence, while no changes are observed for TM incidence. These Interferometric Ellipsometry effects are observed in the fishnet structure configuration which can exhibit negative refraction. Lionel R. Watkins; University of Auckland, New Zealand 131 Folded Bands in Metamaterial Photonic Crystals A heterodyne interferometric ellipsometer is described which 1 2 requires only a single reflection from the sample surface. A P.Y. Chen , Ara A. Asatryan , Christopher G. reference beam is created in one arm of a modified Michelson 2 3 1 Poulton , Michael J. Steel , R.C. McPhedran , interferometer such that the p- and s-polarisations in this arm Lindsay C. Botten 2, C. Martijn de Sterke 1; 1University have a common phase and fixed relative amplitude, irrespective of Sydney, Australia; 2University of Technology of the sample. When this beam is recombined interferometrically 3 with the measurement beam, the spatially separated p and s Sydney, Australia; Macquarie University, Australia fringes have an amplitude ratio and relative phase that are directly 127 proportional to tan Ψ and Δ, respectively. Measurements made We present band structure calculations of photonic crystals com- with this instrument of a native oxide layer on a silicon substrate posed of both positive and negative refractive index materials. are in excellent agreement with those obtained using a commercial These structures exhibit bands that feature both positive and ellipsometer. negative group velocities, producing folded bands that do not span the entire Brillouin zone. We derive a mathematical condition for Direct Measurement of the Coherent Modes of a the existence of folded bands from an energy flux relation, which Partially Coherent Wavefield shows that modal group velocity changes sign as field intensity 1 1 transitions from the positive to the negative group index material. Samuel Flewett , Harry Morris Quiney , Chanh Q. These band topologies are shown to persist when loss is added to Tran 2, Andrew G. Peele 2, Lachlan Whitehead 1, Ian the simulation. McNulty 3, Keith A. Nugent 1; 1University of Melbourne, 2 3 Nitrogen Effect on Gain and Threshold Current of Australia; La Trobe University, Australia; Argonne 1.31μm GaInNAs/GaAs Multiple-Quantum-Well National Laboratories, USA Semiconductor Laser 132 We have developed a method for the direct measurement of the S.M. Mitani, Mohd Sharizal Alias, A.A. Manaf, F.M. coherent modes of a partially coherent beam from the measure- Exhsan, M.R. Yahya, A.F.A. Mat; TM Research & ment of Fresnel diffraction patterns at a range of distances from Development, Malaysia an aperture. Our studies of the nature of coherent modes in 128 cases where the intensity across the aperture is slowly varying such as with a synchrotron beam, has shown us that the modes A quality improvement of the III-V dilute nitride semiconductor are also slowly varying and can therefore be represented as a alloy, GaInNAs, grown on a GaAs substrate with different nitrogen linear combination of orthogonal Legendre Polynomials. We use μ contents is reported for 1.31 m wavelength lasers. It is expected this representation to demonstrate a new means of efficiently that for GaInNAs, which is lattice matched to InP, band gaps from characterising the coherence properties of a partially coherent ≈ 0.3–0.7 eV should be achievable if a few percent of N could be wavefield.

23 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

scaling, and fibre laser polarisability, all in highly simplified and 2D ACOFT : Fibre Sensing 2 extremely robust cavity arrangements. LG29, 13:40 – 15:00, Monday Soliton Mediated Optical Quantization of A Hydrogen Peroxide Fibre Optic Dip Sensor for Fibre-Bragg-Gratings Aqueous Solutions Falk Eilenberger, C. Martijn de Sterke, Benjamin J. Erik P. Schartner, Markus Pietsch, Andrew D. Abell, Eggleton; University of Sydney, Australia Tanya M. Monro; University of Adelaide, Australia 137 133 We demonstrate, in experiment and simulation, that gap-solitons We demonstrate and characterise a simple new optical fibre based mediate a quantization of the transmission through 1-dimensional dip-sensing system for rapid detection of hydrogen peroxide in photonic crystals, in our case Fibre-Bragg-Gratings and derive aqueous materials. Through the reaction with a chosen fluorescent expressions for the transmission quanta. dye we are able to quantify the amount of H2O2 to levels as low as several nM. Fabrication of Polysiloxane Grating Waveguides Using Soft Lithography Distributed Fluorescence Sensing with Ting Han 1, Steve Madden 1, Matthew Zhang 1, Barry Exposed-Core Microstructured Optical Fibres Luther-Davies 1, Robbie Charters 2; 1Australian 1 2 Stephen C. Warren-Smith , Elena Sinchenko , Paul R. National University, Australia; 2RPO Inc., Australia 2 3 1 Stoddart , Claire E. Davis , Tanya M. Monro ; 138 1 2 University of Adelaide, Australia; Swinburne We demonstrate the fabrication of small core high index contrast University of Technology, Australia; 3DSTO, Australia Polysiloxane waveguide grating devices using single step Ultraviolet 134 Nanoimprint Lithography for the first time, and report zero process induced excess loss at 1550nm in the finished devices. Imprinted We report on fluorescence-based distributed sensing using grating waveguides were designed to operate at telecommunication exposed-core microstructured optical fibres. The optical fibre wavelengths and achieved 10dB rejection ratio in the first attempt. consists of a suspended optical micro-wire surrounded by a solid jacket where a portion of the jacket is absent to allow access to the evanescent field from the external environment. We demonstrate time-domain distributed sensing by immersing the fibre in a DS Workshop fluorescent liquid. LG24, 13:40 – 15:00, Monday

Practical Performance Aspects of Real-Time External Forcing and Feedback Control of Nonlinear Distributed Fibre-Optic Perimeter Intrusion Dissipative Waves Detection Systems Takao Ohta, Yosuke Tonosaki; Kyoto University, Japan Seedahmed S. Mahmoud, Yuvaraja Visagathilagar, Jim 139 Katsifolis; Future Fibre Technologies Pty. Ltd., Australia Based on a model system undergoing phase separation and 135 chemical reactions, we investigate the dynamics of dissipative propagating waves under external forcing and feedback control The implementation of fibre-optic perimeter intrusion detection which are periodic both in space and time. A phase diagram of systems in real environments presents some interesting challenges. synchronization for external forcing is obtained numerically. The- We discuss the importance of sensor installation and the use of oretical analysis is carried out to show that desynchronization by event classification to achieve acceptable system performance. changing the external frequency occurs not only through a saddle- A real-time fibre optic perimeter intrusion detection system is node bifurcation but also through a Hopf bifurcation. Feedback presented that employs novel event classification techniques to control is also investigated both numerically and theoretically. minimise nuisance alarms without compromising sensitivity. Influence of Boundary Conditions on Localized 2E ACOFT : Fibre Gratings 1 Solutions of the Cubic-Quintic Complex LG28, 13:40 – 15:00, Monday Ginzburg-Landau Equation Helmut R. Brand 1, Orazio Descalzi 2; 1University of Functionalizing Fibre Lasers by Exploiting Direct Bayreuth, Germany; 2Universidad de los Andes, Chile Written Fibre Bragg Gratings 140 Nemanja Jovanovic 1, Robert J. Williams 1, Jens We investigate the influence of the boundary conditions and the Thomas 2, M. Åslund 3, Michael J. Steel 1, Graham D. box size on the existence and stability of various types of local- 1 1 3 ized solutions (particles and holes) of the cubic-quintic complex Marshall , Alexander Fuerbach , Stuart Jackson ,S. Ginzburg-Landau equation as it arises as a prototype envelope 2 2 1 Nolte , Andreas Tünnermann , Michael J. Withford ; equation near the weakly hysteretic onset of traveling waves. 1Macquarie University, Australia; 2Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany; 3University of Sydney, Partial Annihilation of Dissipative Solitons Australia Orazio Descalzi 1, Helmut R. Brand 2; 1Universidad de 136 los Andes, Chile; 2University of Bayreuth, Germany In this work we discuss the application of directly written fibre 141 Bragg gratings, via the point-by-point technique, as cavity mirrors Partial annihilation, where only one pulse survives the collision of in fibre laser technology. We demonstrate the ability to easily two counter-propagating pulses, has been observed in binary fluid inscribe the gratings directly into rare-earth doped laser fibres convection and chemical reactions. By means of two stochastic of various sizes, compositions and geometries, and show stable coupled complex subcritical cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau equa- high power fibre laser scaling. Ultra narrow laser linewidths (of tions for counter-propagating waves we investigate the influence the order of 13 pm) and the possibility of linearly polarising a low of noise on the parameter range over which partial annihilation is birefringence fibre laser by exploiting the polarisation dependent observed. properties of the gratings are also demonstrated. The wide range of properties of point-by-point fibre Bragg gratings make it possible to realize fibre lasers with a broad range of wavelength selectivity limited only by the gain material, broad wavelength tunability, ultra narrow laser linewidths, great thermal stability for high power

24 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

Front Propagation in Spatially Forced Media A Complete Determination of the Decay Rates of the 3 3 U. Bortolozzo 1, M.G. Clerc 2, F. Haudin 1, R.G. Elías 2,S. 2 P and 2 S1 Atomic Excited States of Helium Residori 1, R.G. Rojas 3; 1INLN, France; 2Universidad de Sean S. Hodgman, Robert G. Dall, Lesa J. Byron, Chile, Chile; 3Pontificia Universidad Católica de Kenneth G.H. Baldwin, S.J. Buckman, Andrew G. Valparaíso, Chile Truscott; Australian National University, Australia 142 146 We study front propagation in one-dimensional spatially periodic Here we present the first complete measurement of the radiative media. Based on an optical feedback with spatially amplitude decay rate to the ground state of the lowest four triplet states 3 3 modulated beam, we setup a one-dimensional forced experiment in of helium i.e. the metastable 2 S1 state and the 2 P manifold. a nematic liquid crystal cell. By changing the forcing parameters, The metastable state is the longest lived neutral excited state the front exhibits pinning effect and oscillatory motion. A spatially yet measured. These measurements are conducted using laser forced dissipative φ4-model, derived at the onset of bistability, cooling and trapping techniques in an ultra high vacuum apparatus accounts qualitatively for the observed dynamics. normally used to produce Bose Einstein condensates of metastable helium. All are in excellent agreement with theoretical quantum electro-dynamical predictions. 3A ACOLS : Spectroscopy 2 N102, 15:40 – 17:00, Monday 3B ACOLS : Nanocrystals Molecular Fingerprinting of Trace Gases G03, 15:40 – 17:00, Monday T.K. Boyson 1, K.J. Conroy 1, A.G. Kallapur 1, I.R. 1 2 2 3 Ultrafast Dynamics of CdSe Core/Shell Nanocrystals: Petersen , M.E. Calzada , T.G. Spence , Yabai He , A 3-Pulse Photon Echo Peakshift Study Brian J. Orr 3, K.P. Kirkbride 4, C.C. Harb 1; 1University of New South Wales, Australia; 2Loyola University New Lachlan J. McKimmie, Craig N. Lincoln, Jacek Jasieniak, Orleans, USA; 3Macquarie University, Australia; Trevor A. Smith; University of Melbourne, Australia 147 4Australian Federal Police, Australia In this paper the results of 3-pulse photon echo peakshift measure- 143 ments are discussed for a series of core/shell quantum dots (QDs): We shall report on the research aiming to develop Cavity Ring- CdSe cores capped with CdS, CdZnS and Zns or a combination of down Spectroscopy as a high-throughput screening tool for trace these. It is found that capping the QDs significantly influences detection of explosives and post-blast residues. This approach will the particle morphology, band structure, ultrafast dynamics and be implemented in the mid-infrared region of the electromagnetic phonon modes which are sustained within the nanocrystals. The spectrum, between 4 and 12 micrometers, where we can take particle morphology is correlated with the observed peakshift and advantage of chemically specific molecular vibrations to unam- modelling is undertaken to recover coupling strengths, vibrational biguously identify explosives and explosive-related compounds in frequencies and damping times, as well as a static inhomogeneity terms of each compound’s molecular fingerprint. Particular appli- parameter which represents the distribution of transition frequen- cations of this spectroscopic technique include security screening, cies within the samples. forensics, perimeter protection, and mitigation of threats from large-vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices. Fluorescence Lifetime Characterisation of Saturation in Multi-Level Atoms from First Principles Nitrogen-Vacancy Centres Dustin Stuart 1, Andre N. Luiten 1, Thomas M. Stace 2, Luke A. Stewart, Carlo Bradac, Judith M. Dawes, Eric F. May 1, Gar-Wing Truong 1; 1University of Michael J. Steel, James R. Rabeau, Michael J. Withford; Western Australia, Australia; 2University of Macquarie University, Australia 148 Queensland, Australia We investigate the fluorescence properties of nitrogen-vacancy 144 (NV) centres in diamond nanocrystals. In particular, we focus on It is well known that laser absorption measured in the vapours of measuring the fluorescence lifetime of the NV centres in various multi-level atoms show the effects of saturation at much lower in- dielectric environments. We measure a distribution of lifetimes for tensities due to optical pumping of the atoms. We have developed NV centres on a coverslip, the standard deviation of which can be a rate-equation model for laser spectroscopy of the Cesium D1 line reduced significantly by placing the emitters on a “rough” surface. in a vapour cell, which allows for exchange of atoms between the We also measure an increase in the lifetime for NV centres in opal laser beam and the surrounding gas. We improve upon previous photonic crystals, which is attributed to a reduction in the local efforts by correctly accounting for the Gaussian spatial profile of density of states. the beam, and predict the onset of saturation in agreement with experimental data. Capped ZnO Quantum Dot Langmuir Blodgett Film Laser Induced Ionising Collisions with Cold Matt Shortell, Eric Waclawik, Esa A. Jaatinen; Metastable Neon Queensland University of Technology, Australia 149 R.D. Glover, Dane E. Laban, Robert T. Sang; Griffith Langmuir-Blodgett films of dodecanethiol capped ZnO quantum University, Australia dots were fabricated for applications in miniature light source de- 145 vices. The films are ideally suited for optically pumped microdisk Modification of the ionising collision rate is demonstrated with cold resonators with a UV gain medium which could be made using ∗ 3 (∼1 mK) metastable neon (Ne ) P2 gas in a magneto-optical trap focussed ion beam milling. Langmuir-Blodgett films allow for a 3 3 (MOT). A laser tuned close to the P2 to D3 cooling transition is high concentration of QDs and precise control of the number of used as a ‘catalysis’ to induce collisions between a pairs of trapped layers. This would ensure high quality optical cavities and low metastables. A complex spectrum is observed which demonstrates cavity volume to decrease minimum pump power. The proposed a dependence on the magnetic sublevels of the transition that the process is not only simple and inexpensive, but can easily be catalysis laser is exciting. extended to on-chip integration with optical waveguides.

25 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

Fingerprinting Semiconductor Nanocrystals Using Efficient ion-photon coupling is an important component for large- Spectral Fine Structure scale ion-trap quantum computing. We propose that phase Fresnel Mark J. Fernée, Bradley N. Littleton, Halina lenses (PFLs) are a favorable optical coupling technology to match with multi-zone ion traps. Both are scalable technologies based Rubinsztein-Dunlop; University of Queensland, on conventional micro-fabrication techniques. Large numerical Australia aperture (NA) PFLs can reduce the readout time for ion qubits and 150 provide good coherent coupling to a single optical mode. From optical characterization of a suitable PFL we predict a coherent We show that significant information is contained in the spectral coupling efficiency of >0.64%, twice the best experimental efficiency fine structure of single CdSe nanocrystal photoluminescence at achieved to date. In addition, high NA entanglement fidelity limits cryogenic temperatures. Details of the charge state, exciton spin can be removed by optical filtering. relaxation rates and hole confinement are readily obtained using various properties of the fine structure emission. 3D ACOFT : Fibre Sensing 3 3C ACOLS : Optics 2 LG29, 15:40 – 17:00, Monday G04, 15:40 – 17:00, Monday Towards a Microstructured Optical Fibre Numerical Modelling Fields with Forced Gaussian Fluorescence Sensor Based on Photoinduced Spatial Distributions When They Propagate Through Electron Transfer — Photobleaching Nonlinear Media Florian V. Englich, Tze Cheung Foo, Heike M.W. Jones, Esa A. Jaatinen, G. Michael; Queensland Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Christopher J. Sumby, Tanya M. University of Technology, Australia Monro; University of Adelaide, Australia 151 155 Numerical modelling is often resorted to in many areas of physics We report fluorescence and photobleaching characteristics of a when analytical solutions are not possible. For example, under- new 4-aminonaphthalimide fluorophore in soft-glass, small-core standing of various spatial nonlinear photorefractive phenomena wagon-wheel fibres. The fluorophore, which is suitable for in- is only possible through numerical means. However, implementing corporation into photoinduced electron transfer-based sensor these algorithms is far from straightforward and can lead to results architectures, shows a better photobleaching response compared that are inaccurate or unstable. Here, we show that if the field with Rhodamine B when excited with micro-watt level laser radia- distribution is known and maintained as it propagates through tion within a microstructured fibre. Photostability of the organic the medium, the numerical model can be greatly simplified. This fluorophore within the microstructured optical fibres is critical for paper shows that the results produced by this method are in good the successful development of a fibre sensor. agreement with experimental observations when low power cw Gaussian fields propagate through photorefractive barium titanate. Comparison of Surface Functionalization Techniques on Silica and Soft Glasses for Optical Three-Dimensional Light Patterns for Multi-Site Fibre Sensing Applications Energy and Momentum Transfer Tze Cheung Foo, Alexandre François, Heike Vincent Ricardo Daria, Christian Stricker, Steve Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Christopher J. Sumby, Tanya M. Redman, Hans A. Bachor; Australian National Monro; University of Adelaide, Australia University, Australia 156 152 We report the comparison of three different surface We demonstrate a combined system capable of multiple site functionalization processes using two different organosi- energy transfer via multi-photon excitation of biomolecules as lanes, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MTS) and 3- well as transfer of light momentum on mesoscopic particles. We aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and polyelectrolytes (PE) use phase-only holographic projection and a Ti:Sapphire laser on the internal surface of tellurite, bismuth, lead silicate F2 and sil- operating in femtosecond pulse mode to show that the projected ica glass capillaries. We find that polyelectrolyte and organosilane light patterns have sufficient spatiotemporal photon density for coatings can be attached on the internal surfaces of the capillary multi-site multi-photon excitation of biological fluorescent mark- of all four glass materials. Furthermore, PE provides more specific ers. Using the same laser operating in continuous-wave mode, we binding sites for streptavidin than MTS and APTS for all four glass can use the same light patterns for non-invasive transfer of both materials. linear and orbital angular momentum on a variety of mesoscopic particles. Chemical Deposition of Silver for the Fabrication of Surface Plasmon Microstructured Optical Fibre Characterization of Optically Addressed Light Valve Sensor Using Poincare Sphere Jonathan Boehm, Alexandre François, Heike 1 1 2 2 W.J. Lai , P.B. Phua , B. Loiseaux , J.P. Huignard ; Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Tanya M. Monro; University of 1 Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Adelaide, Australia 2 Thales Research & Technology, France 157 153 We examine the Tollens reaction, a simple chemical coating We study the phase characteristics of an optically addressed light method, with the more commonly used RF sputtering technique valve at 635 nm using a polarimetric measurement technique for use in creating surfaces suitable for sensing applications developed in house, and obtain a phase shift of ∼5.3π for a based on the use of surface plasmon resonance. Experimentation full range of addressing intensities. Director orientation, initial has shown that these two surfaces produce similar SPR signals, polarization rotation and slow axis orientation are derived from and therefore that this is a viable method for the coating of the the Poincare sphere. We also generate the cylindrical vector beam interior of a microstructure fibre. This technique was applied to a by using the phase relationship of the light valve. microstructure fibre and a 60nm silver layer is produced. This is the first step towards the realisation of a SPR microstructure fibre Large-Scale Quantum Computing with Phase Fresnel sensor. Lenses Erik W. Streed, Benjamin Norton, Justin J. Chapman, D. Kielpinski; Griffith University, Australia 154

26 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

Multiplexed Fibre-Accelerometer Array for Large Nonlinear Patterns in Complex Periodic Potentials Area Oil Reservoir Monitoring with Linear Pump Ian C.M. Littler 1, Malcolm B. Gray 2, Timothy T.-Y. Yuli V. Bludov 1, Vladimir V. Konotop 2; 1Universiade do Lam 1, Jong H. Chow 1, Daniel A. Shaddock 1, David E. Minho, Portugal; 2Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal McClelland 1; 1Australian National University, 163 Australia; 2National Measurement Institute, Australia We consider one-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation with 158 a dissipative lattice, nonlinear losses and linear pump. It is shown that the system allows for the existence of stable nonlinear Bloch A fibre-accelerometer array is presented with an unprecedented states which are attractors. The emergent patterns appear to breakthrough combination of high acceleration resolution after be related to the band structure of the conservative part of the 100 km of fibre, in a bandwidth down to the infrasonic, with periodic potential. The model describes a Bose-Einstein condensate high multiplexing density and low crosstalk. The demonstrated √ √ with inelastic two-body interactions placed in an optical lattice resolution is better than 60 ng/ Hz (0.59 μms−2/ Hz) for all with losses. channels down to 10 Hz, even after the 100 km length of fibre. Moreover, the system can accommodate 80 channels per fibre in Dissipative Soliton Bound States Under the Influence wavelength division multiplexed operation with better than -64 dB crosstalk. The dynamic range is 120 dB in a 300 Hz bandwidth. of External Phase Modulation in Passively Mode-Locked Lasers 3E ACOFT : Novel Fibres Wonkeun Chang 1, N. Akhmediev 1, Stefan Wabnitz 2; 1 2 LG28, 15:40 – 17:00, Monday Australian National University, Australia; Università di Brescia, Italy Higher Order Guided Modes in Solid-Core Photonic 164 Bandgap Fibers We study the effect of a periodic external phase modulation Vincent Pureur 1, J.C. Knight 2, Boris T. Kuhlmey 1; on an already existing dissipative soliton pair of the complex cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau equation. The external modulation 1 2 University of Sydney, Australia; University of Bath, influences the pair separation as well as their phase difference UK without destroying the two-soliton bound state. The soliton pair 160 may exist in different regimes of evolution, depending on the size of the modulation depth. The transition from one regime to We experimentally and theoretically study the guidance of higher another occurs in a form of bifurcation consisting of a hysteresis order modes in solid-core photonic bandgap fibres. We demon- loop. strate the existence of frequency ranges in which only higher order modes, but not the fundamental mode, are guided. We propose an analytic model to determine the number of guided modes in such Reflectionless Soliton Potentials in fibres with good agreement with full numerical simulations. Coupled-Resonator Waveguides Andrey A. Sukhorukov; Australian National University, Extruded Soft-Glass Hollow-Core Microstructured Australia Optical Fibres; Fabrication and Light Guidance 165 Properties We present a family of reflectionless potentials for coupled- Kristopher J. Rowland, Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem, resonator optical waveguides or optical waveguide arrays with Shahraam Afshar V., Tanya M. Monro; University of modulated coupling. Such special modulations fully transmit all incident waves of arbitrary wavenumbers or frequencies, We Adelaide, Australia present a general analytical approach for calculating reflectionless 161 potentials using a specially developed transformation of Ablowitz- We demonstrate light guidance within a hollow-core microstruc- Ladik soliton solutions. It is shown that the transmitted phase tured fibre fabricated from a lead-silicate soft-glass via the can be tuned by varying the soliton parameter. We also prove that extrusion process. Surrounding the circular hollow core are solid a modulated waveguide supports a pair of cavity modes, which glass rings supported by radial struts, producing a structure remi- beating can be used to perform beam switching. niscent of a spider-web. Resonant interactions of the core-guided modes with the cladding structure produce discrete peaks in the transmission spectrum. This is the first demonstration of guidance Plenary within an extruded hollow-core soft-glass microstructured fibre Elder Hall, 08:45 – 10:20, Tuesday and also the highest refractive index used for a single-material hollow-core fibre to date. Details of the fabrication process will be Few-Body Physics with Ultracold Atoms: Efimov’s discussed. Dream and 40 Years Later Rudolf Grimm; University of Innsbruck, Austria DS Workshop 201 LG24, 15:40 – 17:00, Monday Almost 40 years ago, Vitaly Efimov theoretically considered a system of three identical bosons near a two-body scattering resonance Cavity Solitons in Semiconductor Lasers: [1] and predicted weakly bound quantum states with surprising Applications and Perspectives on the Future and bizarre properties. His results are universal in the sense that F. Pedaci 1, P. Genevet 1, E. Caboche 1, G. Tissoni 2,S. they do not depend on interaction details. In the last four decades, Efimov’s scenario became the paradigm of universal few-body 1 1 2 1 Barland , M. Giudici , L. Lugiato , J.R. Tredicce ; physics [2], but it remained elusive to experimentalists until 2006. 1 2 INLN, France; CNR-INFM, Italy The first experimental signatures of Efimov states were obtained at 162 the University of Innsbruck in an optically trapped, ultracold gas Cavity solitons (CS) are single-peak localised structures which form of cesium atoms. The states manifest themselves in resonances in over a homogeneous background in the section of broad-area non atomic three-body decay [3] and in inelastic atom-dimer collisions linear resonator. The possibility to address CS individually and [4]. Few-body physics with ultracold atoms has emerged as a new to control their location and motion makes them interesting for exciting research field, and meanwhile several other groups have all-optical processing units. In this presentation we will report found traces of Efimov states in various other ultracold atomic on several functionalities of CS that have been implemented in systems [5], highlighting the more general nature of such states. a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) biased below I will review the exciting story of Efimov states with particular threshold and driven by an external field. We will describe the emphasis on our results on cesium atoms and on very recent effects of device defects on CS existence and motion. Future developments in the field. This also includes the recent discovery developments of CS applications will be discussed.

27 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia of universal four-body states [6, 7], which represents an important step beyond Efimov’s scenario. 4B ACOLS : Waveguides G03, 11:00 – 12:20, Tuesday Where Next for Photonics-Based Technologies: What Lessons Can We Learn from the Past to Help Us Impurity Free Stress Induced Waveguides in Lithium Prepare for the Future? Niobate Simon Poole; Finisar Australia, Australia Vijay Sivan, Tolga Mese, Lam Bui, Arnan Mitchell; 202 RMIT University, Australia Photonics, particularly optical fibre transmission, is now es- 206 tablished as a core technology underpinning the current era of We report observation of a new waveguiding phenomenon under high-bandwidth communications. Whilst the economic events trenches in LiNbO3 etched using standard Ti diffusion technique. of the past 18 months have affected all industries, the under- The mechanism has yet to be confirmed, but it is hypothesised pinning economic driver of the photonics industry, bandwidth that localised stress in the vicinity of etched features yields a high consumption, is continuing to double every 18 months, driven refractive index core region. by the dramatic rise in on-line video consumption, particularly on-demand video on mobile platforms (smart-phones, netbooks, Simulation of Coupling Between Chacolgenide and etc). Diffused Lithium Niobate Waveguides This presentation will review how external (non-technological) events can influence the development and deployment of photon- Naser Dalvand, Lam Bui, Thach G. Nguyen, Arnan ics using examples from the past 20 years and link these to current Mitchell; RMIT University, Australia technological developments to provide pointers as to the direction 207 of photonics over the next decade. Titanium-diffused lithium niobate waveguides are widely used in current integrated photonic devices such as couplers, switches 4A ACOLS : BEC Expt 1 and electro-optic modulators. In this paper, a rigorous three- dimensional, semi vectorial coupled mode theory (CMT) model is N102, 11:00 – 12:20, Tuesday used to simulate the coupling between a weak Titanium-diffused LiNbO3 waveguide and a strong Chacolgenide waveguide. Consid- Temperature Dependence of Pairing in Strongly ering the low refractive index contrast between the core and the Interacting Fermi Gases substrate of the Titanium-diffused LiNbO3 waveguide, we achieved relatively high coupling of the power between two waveguides. Eva Kuhnle, Paul Dyke, Michael Mark, Hui Hu, Xia-Ji Liu, Peter D. Drummond, Chris J. Vale; Swinburne Erbium Doped Fluoride Glass Strip Waveguides University of Technology, Australia Maike Waldmann, Reinhard Caspary, Wolfgang 203 Kowalsky; Technische Universität Braunschweig, We have used Bragg scattering to experimentally characterise pairing in strongly interacting Fermi gases near a broad s-wave Germany Feshbach resonance. Bragg spectroscopy provides a direct link 208 to two-body correlations via the static structure factor. We show Low loss fluoride glass planar waveguides on monocrystalline how these correlations build up as the temperature is lowered CaF2-substrates have been fabricated by hot dip spin coating. The and compare our results to the theoretical predictions for the surface of the 30 to 50 μm thick glass films was very smooth. Bose-Einstein condensate to Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer crossover. Structuring by photolithography and etching led to additional losses, due to the edge roughness. Improvement of the etching Time Averaged Optical Traps for the Investigation process and the use of a poly(methyl methacrylate) cladding of Superfluidity in BEC render the realization of a compact diode-pumped waveguide laser imaginable. S.K. Schnelle, K.J. Weegink, E.D. van Ooijen, Matthew J. Davis, Norman R. Heckenberg, Halina Ultrafast Laser Modification of Phosphate Glass: Rubinsztein-Dunlop; University of Queensland, Influence of Polarisation on Waveguide Morphology Australia Douglas J. Little, Martin Ams, Peter Dekker, Michael J. 204 Withford; Macquarie University, Australia We present a realization of a time averaged optical trap for use with 209 Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC). The trap uses a two dimensional Waveguides were written in ytterbium-doped phosphate glass acousto-optic modulator (AOM) to spatially scan a tightly focused (Kigre QX) using a femtosecond laser with different polarisa- red-detuned laser beam to create arbitrary two dimensional static tions; linear and circular, and then characterised using refractive or dynamic potentials. We discuss the optical and electronic design near-field profilometry to compare the waveguide morphology. of these traps as well as a scheme to measure the critical velocity Circularly polarised femtosecond beams were observed to induce of BEC more precisely than has previously been achieved. First a higher refractive index change at than linearly polarised fem- results, theoretical as well as experimental, will be shown for a line tosecond beams at higher irradiances (> 50 TW/cm2), whereas potential with a moving barrier to excite the BEC with different the opposite was observed at lower irradiances (< 40 TW/cm2). barrier velocities. It is hypothesised that this behaviour is due to the fundamental A Dual Species Rubidium-Metastable Helium Cold polarisation-dependence of photo-ionisation rates. Atom System Lesa J. Byron, Robert G. Dall, Ju-Kuei Wu, Andrew G. 4C ACOLS : Optical Measurements 1 Truscott; Australian National University, Australia G04, 11:00 – 12:20, Tuesday 205 Optical Frequency Metrology on the West Coast We present the first results from our rubidium-metastable helium (He∗) cold atom system. We describe the apparatus, describe the J.J. McFerran 1, Gar-Wing Truong 1, Clayton Locke 1, dual species collision dynamics and present a measurement of 1 1 1 ∗ Eugene Ivanov , Dustin Stuart , Fred Baynes , two body light assisted He -Rb loss rate. As well as this we have 1 1 1 produced a dual species Rb-He∗ magnetic trap and we report on Christopher Perrella , Anna Lurie , Eric F. May ,P. 2 2 1 1 our investigation into the spin suppression of Penning Ionization. Light , Fetah Benabid , Andre N. Luiten ; University of Western Australia, Australia; 2University of Bath, UK 210

28 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

Precision measurement is one of the defining features of our Mode-Locked Parabolic Raman Fiber Oscillator modern technological society. The most precise measurements C. Aguergaray, Vladimir I. Kruglov, D. Méchin, John have long been based on time and frequency protocols because of Harvey; University of Auckland, New Zealand the superb precision and accuracy of these types of techniques. In this talk I will present an overview of a several aspects of our 215 research in this area; in particular, our work on optical frequency The generation of self-similar parabolic pulses (similaritons) has so standards which is aimed at satisfying applications in industrial far only been obtained in single-pass Raman amplifier configura- and commercial applications. tions by Fermann et al. 2000 and Finot et al. 2003, or in rare-earth doped fiber lasers by Ilday et al. 2004 and Nielsen et al. 2005. Ultra-Stable Detection Scheme for Microtoroid Based We report here the first demonstration of a mode-locked parabolic Single Molecule Sensing pulse fiber laser, which can potentially be run at any wavelength using Raman gain. This new all-fiber ring similariton laser scheme Joachim Knittel, Kiran Kohosla, Kwan H. Lee, T.G. [cf. Fig. 1] has been designed using a full theoretical model. The McRae, Warwick P. Bowen; University of Queensland, output similariton pulses have a true parabolic shape and a linear Australia chirp. 211 Optical microtoroids are attractive for label-free, ultra-sensitive bi- 4E ACOFT : Advances in Waveguides ological and chemical sensing. Such sensing is based on resonance LG28, 11:00 – 12:20, Tuesday frequency shifts induced by the biomolecules on the optical mode. However, due to the small magnitude of the shifts, extremely frequency stable laser sources are required, and environmental Planar Fluid Infiltrated Waveguide Arrays in SU8 factors such as temperature and refractive index fluctuations cause Epoxy Polymer serious degradation. We solve those problems using the relative Eike Zeller 1, Francis H. Bennet 2, Dragomir N. Neshev 2, frequency shift of split mode resonances for detection. Absorbed 2 2 biomolecules shift the difference frequency that is insensitive to Wieslaw Z. Krolikowski , Yuri S. Kivshar , Arnan laser frequency and temperature drifts. We developed a practical Mitchell 1; 1RMIT University, Australia; 2Australian implementation based on a single laser source. National University, Australia 216 Optical Determination of the Boltzmann Constant We report on a novel platform for the realisation of planar fluid Using Alkali Metals infiltrated waveguide arrays with applications in sensing and Gar-Wing Truong, Dustin Stuart, Andre N. Luiten, nonlinear optical propagation. This platform provides a planar 1-D analogue to 2-D fluid-inflitrated “holey” photonic crystal fibres. Eric F. May; University of Western Australia, Australia The waveguides were fabricated in SU8 epoxy using a combination 212 of photolithography and dry film lamination. We demonstrate fluid We report on the first results of a recent attempt to measure infiltration, waveguiding and temperature sensing in this platform. the Boltzmann constant (kB ) using quantitative spectroscopy of rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs). Tunable laser diodes were used Cavity Mode Control in Coupled Periodic Waveguide D D to probe the 2 and 1 transitions of Rb and Cs, respectively, Cavities: Theory and Experiment and the absorption as a function of frequency was recorded. By using non-linear regression to fit the spectra, we have been able to Sangwoo Ha, Andrey A. Sukhorukov, Andrei V. determine kB to within 1%. We will discuss our insights into how Lavrinenko, Yuri S. Kivshar; Australian National unresolved transitions, optical pumping and frequency calibration University, Australia can lead to systematic errors and how they can be eliminated. 217 We demonstrate that the mode properties of coupled cavities 4D ACOFT : Nonlinearity in Fibres 1 created in periodic waveguides can depend critically on the lateral waveguide shift. In the absence of such shift, the modes feature LG29, 11:00 – 12:20, Tuesday symmetric or antisymmetric profiles, and their frequency splitting generally increases as the cavities are brought closer. Our coupled- Similariton Generation in Fibre Optic Amplifiers and mode theory analysis reveals that the detuning can be reduced and Lasers even completely vanish even for strongly coupled laterally shifted John Harvey, C. Aguergaray, Vladimir I. Kruglov; cavities. We confirm experimentally that the longitudinal shift enables flexible control over the frequency detuning and profiles University of Auckland, New Zealand of the fundamental modes. 213 Self similar solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations Low Loss Nonlinear Planar Tellurite Waveguides have been found with applications in many areas of Physics. The Khu Vu, Steve Madden; Australian National University, techniques used to find these solutions have been recently been applied to develop solutions of the Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation Australia (NLSE) governing optical pulse propagation, where they are known 218 as similaritons. This talk will review these solutions, and their Tellurium dioxide films were produced by reactive RF sputtering applications in high power amplifiers, and similariton lasers. and low loss rib waveguides fabricated from these with reactive ion etching. Losses ∼0.1dB/cm at 1550nm were achieved for the Simple Analysis for Optimizing Soliton first time and significant nonlinearity demonstrated. Self-Frequency Shift in Photonic Crystal Fibers Ravi Pant, A.C. Judge, Eric C. Mägi, Boris T. Kuhlmey, DS Workshop C. Martijn de Sterke, Benjamin J. Eggleton; University LG24, 11:00 – 12:20, Tuesday of Sydney, Australia 214 Dissipative Solitons of the Cubic-Quintic A simple model is developed to analyze and optimize the soliton Ginzburg-Landau Equation in Fiber Lasers self-frequency shift in photonic crystal fibers. The model is used Frank Wise; Cornell University, USA to predict the frequency shift in two different fibers. Experimental results agree well with the simulation results obtained using 220 the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation, confirming the The properties of dissipative solitons in normal-dispersion fiber predictions of our analysis. lasers are presented. Lasers based on dissipative solitons out- perform lasers based on other pulse evolutions in many of the critical parameters.

29 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

Domain Walls and Domain Wall Solitons in Fiber condensate formation experiments. We simulate the dynamics of Lasers condensate formation using a quantum kinetic theory approach. D.Y. Tang, H. Zhang, L.M. Zhao, X. Wu; Nanyang Vortex Dipoles in a Bose-Einstein Condensate Technological University, Singapore 1 1 2 221 T.W. Neely , E.C. Samson , Ashton S. Bradley , 3 1 1 Formation of domain walls and domain wall solitons in various Matthew J. Davis , B.P. Anderson ; University of erbium-doped fiber lasers were experimentally investigated. In Arizona, USA; 2University of Otago, New Zealand; case of a birefringence cavity fiber laser, polarization domain walls 3University of Queensland, Australia between the two stable orthogonal polarization states of the cavity 225 were identified and domain wall solitons were obtained. Under coherent coupling even the phase-locked fundamental domain-wall We report experimental observations and numerical simulations of solitons either in the form of dark-bright or dark-dark vector the formation, dynamics, and lifetimes of quantized vortex dipoles solitons was first experimentally revealed. Domain wall solitons in highly oblate dilute-gas Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). Vor- were also obtained on a dual-wavelength fiber laser as a result of tex dipoles were nucleated by forcing superfluid flow around a the strong incoherent coupling of the laser beams. Features of the blue-detuned laser beam. By varying the velocity of superfluid flow, domain wall solitons in fiber lasers are reported and numerically we measured a critical velocity for the nucleation of a single pair simulated. of vortices (a vortex dipole) in the BEC, with excellent agreement between experimental and numerical results. We present measure- Dark Soliton Fiber Lasers ments of vortex dipole dynamics in a BEC, finding that the vortex cores of opposite circulation can exist for many seconds and that H. Zhang, D.Y. Tang, L.M. Zhao, X. Wu; Nanyang annihilation is inhibited in our pancake-like trap geometry. For Technological University, Singapore sufficiently rapid flow velocity clusters of like-charged vortices 222 aggregate into long lived dipolar flow structures. We report on the experimental observation of stable dark pulse emission in an all normal dispersion fiber laser. We found experi- Towards an All Optical BEC and Optical Ring Traps mentally that, like the bright soliton formation in the mode locked Leif Humbert, M. Peron, J.S. Butcher, E.D. van Ooijen, fiber lasers with anomalous cavity dispersion, dark pulse emission Matthew J. Davis, Norman R. Heckenberg, Halina is a generic feature of the normal dispersion fiber lasers under strong continuous wave (CW) emission. Through appropriately Rubinsztein-Dunlop; University of Queensland, controlling the pump strength and cavity feedback stable single Australia or multiple dark pulses have been experimentally obtained. The 226 dark pulse emission of the fiber laser could be well numerically We report the current status of a new Bose-Einstein condensate reproduced. Moreover, numerical simulations suggest that the (BEC) experiment at UQ to be used to study superfluidity and observed dark pulses are the nonlinear Schrödinger equation phases of BECs in a versatile optical scanning trap. A BEC is (NLSE) type of dark solitons. achieved in an optical dipole trap to provide a fast and spin independent formation [Kuppens]. Afterwards the sample is loaded Dynamics of Vortex Ring Solitons with High Value into a scanning optical trap that provides potentials of arbitrary of Vorticity in Dissipative Media geometries [Schnelle]. Within this project we focus on toroidal traps of variable diameters, widths and depths. N. Devine 1, N. Akhmediev 1, J.M. Soto-Crespo 2,C. 2 1 Mejía-Cortés ; Australian National University, Nonlinear Dynamics of a Two-Component 2 Australia; CSIC, Spain Bose-Einstein Condensate 223 Russell Anderson, Mikhail Egorov, Chris Ticknor, We have found regions of stability for ring solitons with vorticity m ranging from 1 to 5 and additionally for m = 9. The existence Brenton Hall, Peter Hannaford, Andrei Sidorov; of vortex ring solitons with m from 1 to 5 and the fact that their Swinburne University of Technology, Australia region of existence does not shrink when increasing m to 9 shows 227 m clearly that such structures can exist for any higher value of . The We report on the nonlinear dynamics and spatial evolution of a unique property of dissipative ring structures is their bifurcation two-component Bose-Einstein condensate magnetically trapped patterns. Radially symmetric ring structures can be transformed using an atom chip. We apply microwave and radiofrequency fields into ring structures which are modulated or bent along the ring. to prepare a coherent superposition of two hyperfine states in They can also pulsate periodically or chaotically. Despite all these 87Rb and interrogate their coherence with Ramsey interferometry. transformations, they remain stable as a single ring with given The observed decay of the interference contrast is associated m . These properties make them distinctively different from any with the inhomogeneous growth of the collective phase and the known vortex solitons in conservative media. corresponding dephasing of the component wavefunctions. The observed behaviour is well described by a mean-field theory. We discuss the progress of our experiment with small atom numbers 5A ACOLS : BEC Expt 2 where the mean-field is likely to break down. N102, 13:30 – 15:10, Tuesday Coupled Wave Dynamics in Superradiant Light Formation Dynamics of a Bose-Einstein Condensate Scattering in a Dimple Trap A. Hilliard 1, F. Kaminski 2, R. le Targat 2, E.S. Polzik 2, Michael C. Garrett, Adrian Ratnapala, E.D. van Ooijen, J.H. Müller 2; 1University of Otago, New Zealand; Chris J. Vale, Otto Vainio, Norman R. Heckenberg, 2QUANTOP, Denmark Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Matthew J. Davis; 228 University of Queensland, Australia We investigate experimentally superradiant Rayleigh scattering 224 by a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a new parameter regime We study the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensate formation where depletion of the pump beam and the exchange of photons from the sudden application of a tightly focused laser optical between the endfire modes are important. Through experiments dipole potential to a Bose gas above the critical temperature in a and simulations we show that collective atom light coupling leads cigar-shaped magnetic trap. Due to the altered density of states, to the self-organized formation of dynamic Bragg gratings within a condensate forms despite the net transfer of energy to the gas. the sample. These gratings lead to an efficient back-scattering of We measure temperature and condensate fraction over a range of pump photons and optical resonator structures within the BEC. times after applying dimple traps of various sizes. We find no delay before the initiation of condensation, in contrast to several other

30 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

in the pattern during the writing and erasure process. Furthermore 5B ACOLS : Fabrication we discuss the presence of a ‘fundamental’ spatial frequency for G03, 13:30 – 15:10, Tuesday this particular crystal, and parameters (e.g. writing intensity) that affect its properties. Fabrication of Sub-Wavelength Holes in Chalcogenide Glasses by Using a Femtosecond Laser 5C ACOLS : Optical Measurements 2 Qiming Zhang 1, Guangyong Zhou 2, Han Lin 2, Lei G04, 13:30 – 15:10, Tuesday Xu 1, Min Gu 2; 1Fudan University, China; 2Swinburne University of Technology, Australia Testing Lorentz Invariance Using an Asymmetric 229 Optical Resonator We report on the fabrication of sub-wavelength holes with diame- Fred Baynes, Michael Edmund Tobar, Andre N. Luiten; ters of less than 550 nm on the surface of the chalcogenide glasses University of Western Australia, Australia (As S ) by using femtosecond laser irradiation and the subsequent 2 3 234 chemical etching process. The holes were characterised by using atomic force microscope. Recent experiments utilizing resonant cavities have produced remarkable results which limit the level of any possible of violation Characteristics of Ultrafast Laser Written DFB of Lorentz Invariance [1]. However, within the framework of the Standard Model Extension (SME) one parameter κ˜tr remains Waveguide Lasers significantly under-constrained compared to the other parameters. Martin Ams, Graham D. Marshall, Peter Dekker, An asymmetric optical resonator will be sensitive to violations of Michael J. Withford; Macquarie University, Australia LI and specifically much more sensitive to κ˜tr than conventional resonators. In this experiment such an asymmetric resonator is 230 compared to a linear sapphire cavity with both cavities in temper- Monolithic waveguide lasers were fabricated in doped phosphate ature controlled environments. The measurement system is based glasses using the femtosecond laser direct-write technique. In on a 1064 nm YAG laser locked to the resonances of both cavities. particular, a waveguide laser based on a distributed feedback (DFB) architecture and fabricated in Ytterbium doped phosphate glass is Multipoint Fibre Optic Voltage Sensor μ demonstrated. The device lased at 1.032 m with an output power 1 1 1 of 102 mW and a bandwidth < 2pm. In this paper we report on Zourab Brodzeli , Harpreet K. Bal , Fotios Sidiroglou , lifetime studies of the laser’s intrinsic waveguide Bragg grating and Stephen F. Collins 1, Vladimir Chigrinov 2, Anatoli the relative effects of thermal- and photo-annealing on waveguide Murauski 2, Fei Fan 2; 1Victoria University, Australia; laser performance. 2Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, China Design and Application of SLM-Based Adaptive 235 Optics for Direct Laser Writing In this paper we propose a new approach to fibre optic voltage sensors via a voltage-controlled Liquid Crystal (LC), which would Ben Cumming 1, Guangyong Zhou 1, Alexander allow direct measurement of up to 400 kV/m electric fields at Jesacher 2, Martin Booth 2, Tony Wilson 2, Min Gu 1; multiple points along a power line. 1Swinburne University of Technology, Australia; Mode-Quenching in Thin-Ridge Silicon-on-Insulator 2University of Oxford, UK Disk Resonators with Lateral Leakage 231 1 2 Aberrations in optical imaging systems are well known to cause Thach G. Nguyen , Ravi S. Tummidi , Thomas L. deterioration to image quality and have led to the development of Koch 2, Arnan Mitchell 1; 1RMIT University, Australia; numerous adaptive optics systems capable of real time correction 2Lehigh University, USA of these errors. Here we report on the design and application of 236 adaptive optics using a spatial light modulator for direct laser writing systems where the aberrations can be less variable, but By utilising the ‘magic’ radius and ‘anti-magic’ radius phenomena much stronger than in typical imaging systems. in thin-ridge silicon-on-insulator (SOI) disk resonators with lateral leakage behaviour, it is possible to design relatively large disk Parallel Direct Laser Writing Assisted by a Spatial resonators with only a single low-loss whispering gallery mode. We show that an effectively monomodal disk resonator can be Light Modulator achieved when the fundamental whispering gallery mode of the Han Lin, Guangyong Zhou, Ben Cumming, Min Gu; disk is at ‘magic’ radius to minimise its lateral leakage loss. Swinburne University of Technology, Australia Complete and Accurate Characterisation of a High 232 Finesse Fabry-Perot Cavity Parallel femtosecond laser fabrication with a computer-generated hologram displayed on a spatial light modulator is demonstrated. Clayton Locke, Dustin Stuart, Eugene Ivanov, Andre N. The spatial light modulator can produce any arbitrary and variable Luiten; University of Western Australia, Australia phase patterning in laser processing. Combined with the computer 237 generated hologram technique, two-dimensional array fabrication by a single-shot irradiation in polymer is demonstrated and the With the recent development of very high finesse Fabry-Perot cavi- F ∼ 6 processing performance is analysed. ties, 10 , it has become a significant challenge to characterise their properties accurately. A similar challenge is encountered Dynamics of Write and Erasure of Information when trying to measure the properties of cavities in which either the probing laser or the cavity length is intrinsically unstable. We Masks in Lithium Niobate demonstrate the means by which the finesse, free spectral range, Daniel Sando, Esa A. Jaatinen; Queensland University mirror transmissions, dispersion and coupling may be measured of Technology, Australia easily and accurately with a laser or cavity with a relatively poor intrinsic frequency stability. 233 We report on the reversal of degradation of information masks stored in photorefractive lithium niobate. After a long writing time, the degradation appears as the splitting of the refractive index patterns stored in the medium. The reversal is achieved by simply illuminating the crystal with a halogen lamp; thereby erasing the complex structures that caused the splitting. We present analysis of the formation and degradation of the various spatial frequencies

31 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

The Interaction of the Electromagnetic Radiation Strong Raman and Four Wave Mixing Gain in As2S3 with Two Non-Homogenous Cylindrical Particles Chalcogenide Glass Waveguides and Induced Effects Xin Gai, Barry Luther-Davies, Steve Madden, Duk-Yong Liudmila A. Uvarova 1, Irina V. Krivenko 2, Choi, Douglas A.P. Bulla; Australian National Alexander F. Ivannikov 2; 1MSTU “Stankin”, Russia; University, Australia 2Tver State Technical University, Russia 242 238 We report experiments on and numerical modelling of the con- An influence of an electromagnetic monochromatic radiation on tributions of Raman and four-wave mixing to high gain observed aerosol systems contained two-layer absorbed cylindrical par- in nonlinear dispersion-engineered As2S3 chalcogenide glass rib ≈ ticles was considered. It is supposed that the surface and the waveguides pumped by 4ps pulses at 1550nm with peak powers inner layers for each from such cylindrical particles differ in the in the range of a few 10s of watts. absorbed ability significantly. The solution of this problem we carry out in the bi-cylindrical co-ordinate system. We assume Observation of Competing Quadratic Nonlinearities that the radiuses of cylinders are less than the length of the fall in Lithium Niobate Waveguide Arrays wave. The electric vector and value of electromagnetic energy 1 2 in each layer were found. The calculations of electric and mag- Frank Setzpfandt , Dragomir N. Neshev , Roland netic vectors at different values of permittivity and permeability Schiek 3, Falk Lederer 1, Andreas Tünnermann 1, (positive and negative), and frequency were received. With help Thomas Pertsch 1; 1Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, the found the electromagnetic energy sources the induced effects Germany; 2Australian National University, Australia; (the heating, the dynamics) were considered. The approximate 3 solutions for non-linear dependence dielectric permittivity of type University of Applied Sciences Regensburg, Germany ε = ε0 +|α|f(E) (where α is parameter of non-linearity) were 243 determined too. We demonstrate experimentally the existence of competing focusing and defocusing nonlinearities in a double resonant system with quadratic nonlinear response. We use an array of periodically- 5D ACOFT : Nonlinear Effects poled coupled lithium niobate optical waveguides and observe LG29, 13:30 – 15:10, Tuesday inhibition of nonlinear beam self-action, independent on power. This inhibition is demonstrated in both regimes of normal and Slow-Light Enhanced Optical Limiting at 10Gbit/s in anomalous beam diffraction. a Silicon Photonic Crystal Waveguide B. Corcoran 1, C. Monat 1, D. Pudo 1, Mark D. Pelusi 1, 5E ACOFT : Mid-Infrared Fibres and Lasers David J. Moss 1, Benjamin J. Eggleton 1, T.P. White 2,L. LG28, 13:30 – 15:10, Tuesday O’Faolain 2, T.F. Krauss 2; 1University of Sydney, Australia; 2University of St Andrews, UK Fibre Lasers That Emit CW Light at Wavelengths μ 239 Approaching 3 m We report a nonlinear power transfer function at 10Gbit/s provided Stuart Jackson; University of Sydney, Australia by slow-light enhanced nonlinear loss in a silicon photonic crystal 244 waveguide. This optical limiting functionality can be used to In this review, I will highlight past achievements in the field of 3 μm reduce amplitude distortion of the logical ‘1’ level of a high bit rate fibre laser research. I will summarise some recent developments optical signal. We investigate the dependence of this effect on the and I will indicate possible areas of further investigation. frequency of applied amplitude distortion. Thick Fluoride Fiber for MIR-Spectroscopy High Efficiency Harmonic Generation in LiNbO3 Membranes Maike Waldmann, Reinhard Caspary, Wolfgang Kowalsky; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Alexander S. Solntsev 1, Andrey A. Sukhorukov 1, Germany Dragomir N. Neshev 1, Rumen Iliew 1, Thomas 245 Pertsch 2, Yuri S. Kivshar 1; 1Australian National Fiber-coupled mid infrared spectrometers can be used for in-situ 2 University, Australia; Friedrich Schiller University of monitoring of the reaction progress in chemical production pro- Jena, Germany cesses. The absence of an adequate fiber led to the exploration of 240 thick fluoride glass fibers for this purpose. 670 μm thick fluoride fibers with 500 μm core diameter have been fabricated. The We predict that mode dispersion can be flexibly controlled in fibers showed a bending radius of approximately 15 cm, a tensile LiNbO thin slab waveguides through an interplay of structural 3 strength of 90 MPa and a minimum loss of 0.7 dB/m at 3.1 μm. and material birefringence, enabling efficient harmonic generation based on quadratic nonlinear response. We show that simultaneous matching of phase and group velocities is possible for fundamen- Large Mode Area Fluoride Microstructured Fibres: tal and second-harmonic waves, facilitating frequency doubling Towards Single-Mode Guidance in the Mid-Infrared for ultra-short pulses in the telecom frequency range. We also Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem 1, Tze Cheung Foo 1, Kevin demonstrate completely phase-matched cascaded third-harmonic 1 1 1 generation, and show that the effective nonlinear coefficient for Kuan , Roger C. Moore , Tanya M. Monro , Alexander generation attains the maximum value when the parametric inter- Hemming 2, Jim Richards 2, David G. Lancaster 2; actions between three participating waves are phase-matched. 1University of Adelaide, Australia; 2DSTO, Australia 246 Continuous Wave Four Wave Mixing in Highly We report on progress in the development of a fluoride microstruc- Nonlinear As2S3 Waveguides tured fibre with large mode area, good beam quality and low loss in Barry Luther-Davies, Xin Gai, Steve Madden, Duk-Yong the mid-infrared. The fibre demonstrates reduced loss of 7 dB/m 2 ∼ μ Choi, Douglas A.P. Bulla; Australian National and beam quality of M 2.4 at 4.7 m in a basic mid-IR beam delivery geometry. University, Australia 241

We report experiments on CW four-wave mixing in an As2S3 nonlinear waveguide. Using total launch powers ≈360mW we obtained FWM eﬃciencies of 1–2% over the C-band in a single device and an idler powers at the output > -10dBm.

32 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

Investigation of a Wavelength and Repetition Rate determined by a single dimensionless parameter characterizing Tunable Passively Mode-Locked Fibre Laser at the medium excitability. Analytically obtained relationships are Ultrahigh Repetition Rates in good quantitative agreement with the results from numerical simulations. Jochen Schröder, Trung D. Vo, Benjamin J. Eggleton; University of Sydney, Australia Self-Bending Self-Confined Light Beams 247 Alessandro Alberucci, Armando Piccardi, Gaetano We experimentally demonstrate a passively mode-locked fibre Assanto; Università di Roma Tre, Italy laser with tunable wavelength and repetition rate. Optical auto- 252 correlation measurements and power spectra using a cross-phase modulation technique demonstrate the mode-locked operation at We investigate novel self-bending optical spatial solitons in dye- up to 640 GHz repetition rate. This is to the best of our knowledge doped nematic liquid crystals, a dissipative nonlinear anisotropic the first demonstration of a tunable repetition rate laser at such nonlocal medium. Taking advantage of the Janossy enhancement ultra-high repetition rates as well as the first measurements of a in reorientational response, self-confined beams are able to steer power spectrum of a laser at these repetition rates. themselves in angle by modifying anisotropy and walk-off in propagation. This striking effect enables self-readdressing through all-optical soliton bending. The phenomenon is described by a DS Workshop non-paraxial nonlinear model accounting for the longitudinal beam components. LG24, 13:30 – 15:10, Tuesday

Transverse Nonlinear Effects with Microcavity 6A ACOLS : BEC Theory 1 Polaritons N102, 15:50 – 17:10, Tuesday D.V. Skryabin 1, A.V. Gorbach 1, R. Hartley 1, O.A. Egorov 2, Falk Lederer 2; 1University of Bath, UK; Dynamical Behaviour of Ultra-Cold Bose Gases 2Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany R.J. Ballagh, T.M. Wright, C.E. Sahlberg, C.W. Gardiner; 248 University of Otago, New Zealand Here we review our recent results on pattern forming instabilities, 253 localised structures and vortices generated in semiconductor mi- Recently, a methodology based on the truncated Wigner approx- crocavities operating in the strong coupling regime, when photons imation has been developed into a powerful tool for treating and excitons entangle and give birth to a new half-light half-matter effects arising from quantum and thermal fluctuations in trapped quasiparticle - polariton. ultra-cold bosons. This so-called c-field method has been successfully used to describe a wide range of equilibrium and dynamical Fourth Order Dispersion Stabilizes Dark Localized phenomena. In this talk I will present our recent developments, Structures in Photonic Crystal Fiber Cavities including a quantitative treatment of the coupled dynamics of vortices and thermal clouds in non-equilibrium Bose condensates. I 1 2 1 M. Tlidi , A. Vladimirov ; Université Libre de will also present a treatment of Bragg scattering from condensates Bruxelles, Belgium; 2WIAS, Germany near a Feshbach resonance, explaining recent experimental results 249 that differ manifestly from the predictions of simple mean-field approaches. To study modulational instability in photonic crystal fiber cavities we extend the Lugiato-Lefever model by including the fourth order dispersion term. We show that the fourth order dispersion induces Controlled Vortex Formation in an All-Optical a second modulational instability which allows for the stationary Bose-Einstein Condensate state to restabilize itself at large injection levels. In this regime J.S. Butcher, Leif Humbert, E.D. van Ooijen, S.A. Haine, we found stable dark localized structures exhibiting a homoclinic snaking behavior. Norman R. Heckenberg, Matthew J. Davis, Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop; University of Queensland, Spontaneous Motion of Dissipative Solitons Under Australia the Effect of Delay 254 M. Tlidi 1, A. Vladimirov 2; 1Université Libre de We are currently building an All-Optical Bose Einstein Condensate Bruxelles, Belgium; 2WIAS, Germany (BEC) and a scanning beam trap which can be used to trap the BEC in potentials of arbitrary shape. Using this setup, we will implement 250 a new method of vortex creation. This involves splitting the BEC We investigate the properties of 2D cavity solitons in a coherently into four parts using the scanning beam trap. After splitting, the driven optical cavity subjected to a delayed feedback. The delay is relative phases of the four parts are changed in such a way that, found to induce motion of localized structures that are otherwise when the four parts are brought back together, a vortex forms. stationary and stable. When two cavity solitons are bounded We have modeled our method in 2D using the Gross-Pitaevskii together, in addition to a forward motion they exhibit a rotation. equation and are now choosing parameters that will meet technical We have derived an analytical formula for the speed of a moving requirements in the lab. soliton. Numerically we study this phenomenon in two models: the Swift-Hohenberg equation and the Lugiato-Lefever model. Feedback Control of a Bose-Einstein Condensate Using Phase-Contrast Imaging Two Universal Limits of Wave Segment Propagation in Two-Dimensional Excitable Media Stuart Szigeti, M.R. Hush, André R.R. Carvalho, Joseph J. Hope; Australian National University, Vladimir Zykov, Alexander Kothe, Harald Engel; Australia Technical University of Berlin, Germany 255 251 We present the theory of feedback control of a Bose-Einstein A free-boundary approach is applied to derive universal rela- condensate (BEC) confined in a harmonic trap under a contin- tionships between the medium excitability and the velocity and uous measurement constructed via non-destructive imaging. A the shape of stabilized wave segment. In the earlier studied low stochastic master equation (SME) for the system is derived from a excitability limit the segment width diverges and wave segments general Hamiltonian based upon system-bath coupling. Numerical approach critical fingers (spiral waves with an infinitely large solutions for this SME in the limit of a single atom and under core radius). We demonstrate the existence of a second universal the semiclassical approximation are presented. We show that the limit (motionless circular shaped spot) in highly excitable media. final steady state energy is dependent upon the measurement and Between two excitability limits segment velocity and shape are feedback strengths and the ratio of photon and atomic kinetic

33 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia energies. Simulations indicate that feedback can be used to drive a BEC towards the ground state. 6C ACOLS : Optical Measurements 3 G04, 15:50 – 17:10, Tuesday

6B ACOLS : Nonlinear Selectivity in Measuring the Mechanical Oscillations G03, 15:50 – 17:10, Tuesday of a Cavity Opto-Mechanical System Carrier-Phase Dependence of Self-Focusing in Air Kwan H. Lee, Glen I. Harris, T.G. McRae, Joachim with Intense, Few-Cycle Light Pulses Knittel, Warwick P. Bowen; University of Queensland, Australia Dane E. Laban, William C. Wallace, R.D. Glover, D. 260 Kielpinski, Robert T. Sang; Griffith University, Australia The realization of silica based microtoroids with high optical and 256 mechanical quality factors has enabled the interaction between We investigate the nonlinear optical phenomenon of self-focusing light and the mechanical degrees of freedom in these macrocavi- in air with intense, few-cycle light pulses. This is the first investi- ties. Typical technique in characterising the mechanical oscillation gation where the role of carrier-envelope phase in self-focusing is involves utilising the thermomechanical (Brownian) noise to excite explored in the few-cycle regime. We measure the critical power the mechanical modes and then detecting the oscillation with an for self-focusing to be 15 ± 2 GW for 6.3 fs pulses centered at 800 optical measurement technique. In this study we demonstrate nm. Using this value and a basic first order theory, we predicted that selectivity exists in measuring the mechanical modes, which that the self-focusing distance should deviate by 480 μmasthe is dependent on the optical mode used. We consider a number carrier-envelope phase is shifted from 0 to π rad. This did not of mechanisms that may be responsible for the selectivity and agree with the experimental results, which showed only a 80 μm applications in future cavity opto-mechanical experiments. shift. Comparison of Alkanethiol Resist Layers for use in Generation of Terahertz Radiation by Excitation of Atom Lithography GaBiAs by Near-Infrared Femtosecond Pulses Joshua P. Beardmore 1, Adam J. Palmer 1, K. Radhanpura 1, S. Hargreaves 1, R.A. Lewis 1,M. Corine G.C.H.M. Fabrie 2, Robert T. Sang 1; 1Griffith Shafi 2, R.H. Mari 2, S. Novikov 2, M. Henini 2; University, Australia; 2Eindhoven University of 1University of Wollongong, Australia; 2University of Technology, The Netherlands Nottingham, UK 261 257 The viability of using ethyl-mercaptan (ET), the shortest chain We report on the emission of terahertz (THz) frequency elec- alkanethiol, as the resist layer in an atom lithography experiment tromagnetic radiation from samples of GaBiAs under excitation was investigated. Ethyl-mercaptan was compared to both a longer by short (12 fs) pulses of near-infrared (790 nm) radiation. In chain alkanethiol, dodecanethiol (DDT), and a bare lithographic transmission geometry, emission from (100) crystal faces is not sample without a resist layer. Positive contrast patterning was B expected. Emission from (311) crystal faces is observed in all only observable on samples using a DDT resist, and negative cases, and tends to increase with Bi content. The observations contrast patterning, due to the formation of a contamination are consistent with the THz emission being a result of optical resist, is observable for all resists. It was found that the dosage rectification and enhancement of nonlinear optical constants by requirements for negative contrast patterns was comparable for further alloying may lead to still more efficient THz emitters. both ET and bare sample resists. Samples utilizing the DDT resist layer required larger dosages to form negative patterns, however it A Multi-Watt Continuous-Wave, Frequency-Doubled, produced patterns of the greatest quality. Self-Raman Yellow Laser A.J. Lee, H.M. Pask, J.A. Piper; Macquarie University, Comparative Performance of Four-Mirror Parabolic Australia and Spherical Afocal Relays 258 Galiya Sharafutdinova, John Holdsworth, Samuel We report the generation of multi-Watt, continuous-wave (CW) Legge, Dirk van Helden; University of Newcastle, yellow output from an Nd:GdVO4 intracavity-doubled, self-Raman Australia laser. By carefully managing the thermal load in the laser crystal, 262 optimising the pump diode wavelength, accurately controlling the temperature of the frequency-doubling crystal, and using an The performance of two four-mirror afocal relay candidates for fast intracavity mirror for efficient collection of the second harmonic, scan engines is compared. The absence of spherical aberrations we demonstrate yellow (λ=586.5 nm) output powers of 4 W CW, when incorporating 90 degree off-axis parabolic optics is shown to and 5 W (when modulated at 50% duty cycle) laser emission, with result in a demonstrably superior design of scan engine. optical (diode to yellow) conversion efficiency over 17%. Is the Ultra-Fast Melting of Bismuth Non-Thermal? Third Harmonic Generation via the Broadband E.G. Gamaly, A.V. Rode; Australian National Cascading in Random Media University, Australia W. Wang 1, V. Roppo 1, K. Kalinowski 1, Dragomir N. 263 Neshev 1, C. Cojocaru 2, J. Trull 2, R. Vilaseca 2,K. Transient state of femtosecond laser excited bismuth has been Staliunas 2, Wieslaw Z. Krolikowski 1, Yuri S. Kivshar 1; studied by various groups with time-resolved optical, x-ray, and electron probes at the deposited energy density from below 1 2 Australian National University, Australia; Universitat through up to several times the equilibrium enthalpy of melting. Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain However, the interpretations of the experimental results are con- 259 troversial: the optical probes reveal the absence of transition to the melting phase while the authors of x-ray and electron diffraction We study nonlinear frequency generation in media with random experiments claim the observation of ultrafast non-thermal melt- ferroelectric domain structure. We show that randomness enables ing. The presented analysis, based on temperature dependence of one to realize broadband third harmonic generation via cascading bismuth optical properties, unequivocally shows a purely thermal of two second order quasi-phase matched nonlinear processes. We nature of all the observed fs-laser induced transformations in investigate spatial and polarization properties of the emitted waves bismuth. and find them to be in agreement with theoretical predictions.

34 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

Integrated into a flexible polymer base, this medium could be 6D ACOFT : Optical Data Processing 1 cheap and effective as the optical switching component of flexible LG29, 15:50 – 17:10, Tuesday passive displays.

Optical Performance Monitoring at 160Gb/s via Design of an Optical Hyperlens with Metallic Slow Light Enhanced Third-Harmonic Generation in Nanocylinders Silicon Photonic Crystal Waveguides Alessandro Tuniz, P.Y. Chen, Simon C. Fleming, C. Monat 1, B. Corcoran 1, Mark D. Pelusi 1, Christian Boris T. Kuhlmey; University of Sydney, Australia Grillet 1, T.P. White 2, L. O’Faolain 2, T.F. Krauss 2, 269 Benjamin J. Eggleton 1, David J. Moss 1; 1University of We present a novel design for an optical hyperlens to image 2 sub-diffraction limited objects in the far field. Our hyperlens Sydney, Australia; University of St Andrews, UK is composed of metallic nanocylinders embedded in a dielectric 265 medium, resulting in an artificially anisotropic optical metama- We report all-optical in-band OSNR monitoring at 160Gb/s by terial. The anisotropic effective permittivity emerges due to the exploiting slow-light enhanced third harmonic generation in a resonant behaviour of metallic nanocylinders. We present numer- 2D silicon photonic crystal waveguide. These results show how ical results illustrating an optical hyperlens composed of silver dispersion engineering of photonic crystal waveguides allows us nanocylinders in silica glass. to apply these devices for all-optical nonlinear signal processing, ◦ even at high bit rates well in excess of 40Gbit/s. Discrete Time RF Photonic 90 Hybrid Coupler Kushan Dayaratne, Lam Bui, Arnan Mitchell; RMIT Stable Optical Frequency Transfer for Advanced University, Australia Interferometer Lock Acquisition 270 Adam J. Mullavey, Bram J. Slagmolen, Daniel A. A novel broadband RF photonic 90◦ hybrid coupler based on the Shaddock, David E. McClelland; Australian National discrete time realisation of RF photonic transversal scheme is pro- University, Australia posed and demonstrated. Only a single optical source is employed 266 to implement several different time taps. This approach could be extended to many taps with a moderate increase in component We present a new alternative method for the stable transfer of an count. optical frequency reference via an optical fibre link over distances on the order of a few kilometres. This promising technique implements highly sensitive phase-meters, and negates fibre DS Workshop fluctuations using bi-directional passing of two lasers through the fibre. Our method has a direct application in the lock acquisition LG24, 15:50 – 17:10, Tuesday of advanced interferometric gravitational wave detectors. We also present results for a bench top experiment, where this technique Solitonets: Complex Networks of Interacting is implemented to phase-lock two Nd:YAG lasers, through a 4.6km Solitons optical fibre, with a relative optical frequency noise level of 70 mHz/Hz−1/2 for fourier frequencies a few hundred hertz. Ido Kaminer, Mordechai Segev, Alfred M. Bruckstein; Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Israel 271 6E ACOFT : New Structures We propose complex networks constructed from interacting LG28, 15:50 – 17:10, Tuesday solitons: solitonets. Such networks exhibit a variety of novel phenomena, such as noise-enhanced memory and self-synchronization Nonreciprocal Band Structures in Low-Symmetry even for random inputs. When such networks have very large Two-Dimensional Magnetic Photonic Crystals random topology, they display self-similar dynamics. Surprisingly, the structure of the stochastic self-similar dynamics of the entire Alexander B. Khanikaev, Michael J. Steel; Macquarie random networks is determined by the solitonic interaction rule at University, Australia the single-node level. To emphasize this concept, we provide an 267 analytical example for the simplest network, use it to predict the dynamics of very large networks, and further explore the dynamics Magnetooptical materials provide the only intrinsic linear source of two connected solitonets. of nonreciprocal propagation in optics. The weak response of magnetic dielectrics may be enhanced through resonant periodic Diffraction Managed Polychromatic Solitons structures, but nonreciprocal behaviour also requires low symme- 1 1 try structures. For the first time, we calculate the dispersion of Ivan L. Garanovich , Xinyuan Qi , Andrey A. photonic bands in two-dimensional magneto-photonic crystals us- Sukhorukov 1, Dragomir N. Neshev 1, Wieslaw Z. ing a low-symmetry checkerboard design. We find that significant Krolikowski 1, Arnan Mitchell 2, Guoquan Zhang 3, nonreciprocity is obtained throughout the band structure, but that 1 1 it is strongest in slow-light regions. The interaction of slow light Yuri S. Kivshar ; Australian National University, enhancement and the Floquet-Bloch condition leads to extremely Australia; 2RMIT University, Australia; 3Nankai fine structure in the dispersion. University, China 272 Self-Assembling Hydrogels for Flexible Display We study theoretically and experimentally the nonlinear prop- Technology agation of polychromatic and supercontinuum light in curved Scott Jones, François Ladouceur, Pall Thordarson, waveguide arrays. We show that at moderate supercontinuum Martina Stenzel; University of New South Wales, powers the nonlinear self-action breaks the left-right symmetry of the beam profile that results in different spatial reshaping for Australia different spectral components. At high supercontinuum powers, 268 we observe formation of diffraction-managed polychromatic soli- The next generation of display technology will be lighter, cheaper tons. Our results suggest possibility for tunable demultiplexing and require less energy. Advanced passive displays would exhibit and spatial filtering of supercontinua. the quality of printed paper but would extend its capabilities: it would herald a new technological age where every surface in the modern world, flat or curved, can be a moving picture. However, the right medium for such a grand idea is still anyone’s guess. One promising new avenue is the use of hydrogel as a material that can reversibly change its transparency under certain stimulus.

35 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

Higher Order Azimuthons in Nonlocal Nonlinear of the scientific and technological challenges ahead, and present Media our latest experimental results where we build a small optical F. Maucher 1, D. Buccoliero 2, S. Skupin 1, M. Grech 1, quantum system for quantum chemistry, calculating the properties of molecular hydrogen to an accuracy of 20 bits. Anton S. Desyatnikov 2, Wieslaw Z. Krolikowski 2; 1MPI-PKS, Germany; 2Australian National University, Australia 7A ACOLS : BEC Theory 2 273 N102, 11:00 – 12:20, Wednesday We study the formation of azimuthons, i.e., rotating spatial solitons in media with nonlocal focusing nonlinearity. We show that whole Collisions of Bose-Einstein Condensates of families of these solutions can be found by considering internal Metastable Helium: Recent Results modes of classical non-rotating stationary solutions, namely vortex 1 1 solitons. This offers an exhaustive method to identify azimuthons Valentina Krachmalnicoff , Jean-Christophe Jaksula , 1 1 1 in a given nonlocal medium. We demonstrate formation of az- Guthrie Partridge , Marie Bonneau , Denis Boiron , imuthons of different vorticities and explain their properties by Chris Westbrook 1, Piotr Deuar 2, Karén Kheruntsyan 3; considering the strongly nonlocal limit of accessible solitons. 1LCFIO, France; 2LPTMS, France; 3University of Queensland, Australia Plenary 303 Elder Hall, 08:45 – 10:20, Wednesday We present a theoretical analysis of recent experiments on the production of correlated atom pairs in the collision of metastable Shedding Light on Surface Reactions: Real Time helium condensates. Previous experiments have demonstrated that such pairs are produced; in the recent experiments the collision Imaging and Control of Pattern Formation by Laser geometry has been modified to enable a more complete study of Heating the effects of the anisotropy of the condensate on the correlations Harm Hinrich Rotermund; Dalhousie University, and on the shape of the scattering halo. For the current configuration we are able to perform first-principle simulations for the Canada entire duration of the collision; the results confirm the surprising 301 experimental observation that the scattering halo renders as an Simple surface reactions like the CO-oxidation on single crystal Pt ellipsoid. surfaces show a rich variety of pattern formation under specific reaction parameters. The reaction is kept far from thermodynamic Spontaneous Soliton Formation in the Growth of a equilibrium by maintaining an elevated constant temperature and Bose-Einstein Condensate a steady flow of the reactants through the reaction chamber. G.M. Lee, S.A. Haine, Matthew J. Davis; University of The interaction of a multitude of micrometer scale concentration waves and fronts, like spirals, target patterns, solitons, standing Queensland, Australia waves etc., on the surface complicate our understanding of the 304 underlying mechanisms for such patterns. Experiments with We investigate the formation and evolution of solitons in the modified catalytic activity using stationary, inactive boundaries Bose-Einstein condensate phase transition. We utilise the Stochas- have therefore been designed to isolate individual features (for tic Gross-Pitaevskii Equation to simulate the condensate growth example single pulses) and interaction mechanisms in order to process resulting from a temperature quench of a thermal Bose study them quantitatively [1]. Since 2001 we have been able to gas. Our results indicate the spontaneous formation of solitons dynamically change the surface catalytic activity in real time and within the growing condensate, but these are observed to collide space by focusing an addressable laser beam to differentially heat and decay as the gas reaches equilibrium. We present the number a Pt(110) single crystal surface [2]. of solitons observed in the condensate as functions of the growth Imaging the reactants local coverage with an ellipso-microscope [3] time and of the quench rate. enabled us to close the loop between sensing and actuation, both being spatial-temporally resolved. Pulses and fronts, the basic Superfluidity in Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensates building blocks of patterns, can now be formed, accelerated, mod- Chao Feng, Matthew J. Davis; University of ified, guided and destroyed at will. A temperature heterogeneity moving along a line may ignite waves along its path, or can drag Queensland, Australia preexisting pulses [4]. 305 Recently, by further improving the resolution of our reflection One quantifier for the loss of superfluidity in Bose-Einstein con- anisotropy microscope, we have been able to combine the fixed densates is the sudden onset of excitations or drag forces as an boundary conditions created by microlithography, with the real obstacle is moved through the condensate faster than a critical time control of the reaction by laser beam heating [5]. velocity. However, it has been difficult to quantitatively reconcile experiments and theory due to the complexities imposed by an in- Optical Quantum Computing: Science-Fiction, homogeneous condensate profile resulting from the atom trapping potentials. We present investigations of the loss of superfluidity Horror-Story or News? in harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein Condensates using real ex- Andrew G. White; University of Queensland, Australia perimental parameters. We describe the mechanisms and discuss 302 the regimes for various excitations such as dark soliton and vortex formation. Quantum computing is the lovechild of quantum physics and computer science. In this talk we look at what quantum compu- Simulating Bose Gases with Tensor Product States tation is, why physicists, chemists and computer scientists might want to do it, and where we are today. There are many possible Andy Ferris, Matthew J. Davis, Ian McCulloch; physical architectures for realising a quantum computer, we will University of Queensland, Australia focus on optical quantum computing, where the information is 306 encoded and manipulated using single photons. For many years We present the application of advanced simulation techniques to this was thought to be science-fiction, but with the discovery of continuous, strongly interacting Bose gases. Employing a compact measurement-induced nonlinearity there has been an explosion “tensor network representation” of the wavefunction allows one of interest world-wide, and a slew of “firsts” in demonstration to efficiently simulate one-dimensional systems, but until now systems. Scaling up from these small systems to a large error- this approach has been applied mainly to lattice-based condensed free computer is possible in principle: at first it was thought it matter Hamiltonians. We demonstrate the power and accuracy would take horrific numbers of “physical” gates per “logical” gate. of these methods in this continuous context by comparing to the Recently proposed schemes reduce these overhead requirements analytic results of the 1D Bose-gas. A Monte Carlo-like technique from the order of 10,000 to 50, and possibly even 1 — great news for achieving finite temperature results is implemented. Finally, if you’re an experimentalist! Finally, we will look briefly at some

36 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia we perform a dynamical simulation of damped trap oscillations in applied laser ﬁeld from corresponding dipole-allowed transitions. the presence of an optical lattice, and compare with experimental It is shown that the collimated blue light is generated along a results [Fertig et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 120403 (2005)]. light-induced wave-guide.

7B ACOLS : Nonlinear 2 7D ACOFT : Nonlinearity in Fibres 2 G03, 11:00 – 12:20, Wednesday LG29, 11:00 – 12:20, Wednesday

High Order Transverse Modes in Second Harmonic Quantum and Classical Light Sources Based on Generation Parametric Processes in Optical Fibres C. Gabriel 1, Jiri Janousek 1, Hans A. Bachor 1,V. Jay E. Sharping, Chenji Gu, Christiane Pailo, Liely Delaubert 2, M. Lassen 3, P. Buchhave 3, D.R.N. Kiani, Jeremy R. Sanborn, Yan-Hua Zhai; University of Pulford 4, C.C. Harb 5; 1Australian National University, California at Merced, USA Australia; 2LKB, France; 3Technical University of 311 Denmark, Denmark; 4DSTO, Australia; 5University of We report progress in ultra-short pulsed fibre optical parametric New South Wales, Australia oscillators exhibiting pulses as short as 65 fs. A system configured to operate in either the vicinity of 950 nm or 1250 nm is described 307 in detail. The output from this system is fully characterized using In this work we will extend our earlier demonstration of spatial second-harmonic generation frequency resolved optical gating. We mode conversion and show that the SHG process is highly depen- also summarize some potential applications of this light source. dent on the magnitude of the pump depletion. We can simulate Finally we discuss opportunities to adapt this system for applica- mode conversion at lower powers with a simple analytical model tions in quantum information. and we show that there are parameter regimes in which different, and more complex, numerical models are required to predict the Pulse Re-Shaping by Nonlinear Switching in behavior of the system. We demonstrate with our experiments the accuracy of these models and investigate the validity of the model Phase-Shifted Fiber Bragg Grating for different pump powers. Irina V. Kabakova, C. Martijn de Sterke, Benjamin J. Eggleton; University of Sydney, Australia Spatial Properties of Second Harmonic Pattern 312 Generated in Disordered Nonlinear Media We experimentally demonstrate all-optical switching of sub- K. Kalinowski 1, V. Roppo 1, W. Wang 1, J. Trull 2,C. nanosecond pulses in a fiber Bragg grating with a π phase-shift Cojocaru 2, Dragomir N. Neshev 1, Wieslaw Z. in silica fiber. The shift acts as a cavity and the grating provides 1 2 2 a nonlinear feedback leading to bistable behaviour. The grating Krolikowski , R. Vilaseca , K. Staliunas , Yuri S. strength is optimized for high intensity enhancement, while the 1 1 Kivshar ; Australian National University, Australia; grating length is kept short to minimise the cavity settle-time. We 2Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain observe a 4.8 dB nonlinear change in transmission at a peak power 308 of 1 kW. A distinct reshaping of the transmitted pulse is attributed to self-switching of the pulse due to the ultrafast Kerr effect. In this work we study theoretically and experimentally the second- harmonic generation by randomly distributed ferroelectric domains Design of a Tellurite Microstructured Optical Fibre in nonlinear material. We show that particular characteristics of domain distribution greatly influence the spatial properties of the for Self-Seeded Multicasting for Ultra-Fast Signal second-harmonic emission. Processing 1 1 2 Boosting the Efficiency of a Mid-Infrared Optical H. Tilanka Munasinghe , Wen Qi Zhang , Nikola Alic , 2 2 Parametric Amplifier Through Signal Recycling Camille-Sophie Bres , Stojan Radic , Tanya M. Monro 1, Shahraam Afshar V. 1; 1University of Malte Duering, Vesselin Kolev, Barry Luther-Davies; Adelaide, Australia; 2University of California at San Australian National University, Australia Diego, USA 309 313 We report a three stage high-power Optical Parametric Amplifier (OPA) based on periodically poled MgO-doped Lithium Niobate We propose and model a Tellurite microstructured fibre design (PPLN) for the generation of radiation tuneable between 3346nm for 1-to-16 multicasting from a single, dual-pump source for use and 3498nm. The first two OPA stages were pumped by the in ultra-fast (640 Gb/s) signal processing applications. Utilising a 1064nm output of a MOPA system (1.5MHz, 15ps) and seeded with genetic algorithm model, we optimise the fibre design to maximise a tuneable cw diode laser around 1540nm, while the third stage is the parametric gain. Multicasting an input signal into sixteen ∼ seeded by the idler output of the second stage and pumped by the copies is demonstrated numerically with 5 dB gain ripple across generated signal output. A new signal wavelength around 2720nm twelve of the copies. is generated in the process. This signal recycling process enhances the mid-infrared output by 55%, to 3.1W. 7E ACOFT : Fibre Gratings 2 Collimated Blue Light Generated by Four-Wave LG28, 11:00 – 12:20, Wednesday Mixing in Rb Vapour Tunable Fibre Bragg Gratings by Resonant Optical Alexander Akulshin, Andrei Sidorov, Russell McLean, Pumping: Applications for Fibre Lasers Peter Hannaford; Swinburne University of Technology, Australia Robert J. Williams, Nemanja Jovanovic, Graham D. 310 Marshall, Michael J. Withford; Macquarie University, We present an investigation of frequency up-conversion of low in- Australia tensity cw resonant laser radiation in Rb vapour using the process 314 of stimulated wave mixing at various experimental parameters. We report on a novel, all-optical, all-fibre switchable erbium laser. Atomic coherence prepared on a dipole-forbidden transition is The laser cavity consists of two fibre Bragg gratings, spliced on to responsible for generation of spatially and temporally coherent either end of an erbium-doped fibre: an output-coupler grating in blue light. Velocity-selective excitation to the 5D level via step-wise an undoped fibre, and a high-reflector grating in a ytterbium-doped and two-photon processes results in blue light generation that fibre. The erbium fibre is resonantly pumped at 976 nm to provide has Doppler-free dependence on the frequency detuning of the gain. The ytterbium fibre is also resonantly pumped at 976 nm

37 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

(using a second pump diode), to tune the HR grating oﬀ-resonance from the OC grating. By modulating the pump for the ytterbium DS Workshop ﬁbre, the erbium laser was switched at 4 kHz. LG24, 11:00 – 12:20, Wednesday

Preservation of Nanoscale Resolution After Dissipative Nonlinear Structures in Optical Fiber Macro-Scale Thermal Annealing and Regeneration of Systems I: Dissipative Dispersion Managed Solitons Bragg Gratings in Silica in Mode-Locked Lasers 1 2 1 John Canning , S. Bandyopadhyay , M. Stevenson ,P. Brandon G. Bale, Sonia Boscolo, Sergei K. Turitsyn; 2 1 1 1 Biswas , J. Fenton , M. Åslund ; University of Sydney, Aston University, UK 2 Australia; CSIR, India 318 315 In this first talk on dissipative structures in fiber applications, Strong regenerated gratings with a maximum grating strength we extend theory of dispersion-managed solitons to dissipative exceeding (40–50) dB are fabricated inside an optical fibre by systems with a focus on mode-locked fibre lasers. Dissipative ◦ bulk macro thermal processing ∼900 C using a UV-laser seeded structures exist at high map strengths leading to the generation of ◦ Bragg grating. Further annealing between 1000 and 1100 C stable, short pulses with high energy. Two types of intra-map pulse leads to a stabilised grating ∼18dB in strength. This suffers no evolutions are observed depending on the net cavity dispersion. ◦ further degradation at 1100 C for the period monitored, over 4 These are characterized by a reduced model and semi-analytical hrs. The potential resolution of this process is demonstrated by solutions are obtained. regenerating two complex profiles. Phase information is retained between seed and regenerated structures. This opens the way for Dissipative Nonlinear Structures in Optical Fiber nano-engineering of materials using thermal processing and seed Systems II: Self-Similar Parabolic Pulses in Active templates. Fibers Direct Laser Written Bragg-Grating Couplers Sonia Boscolo, Brandon G. Bale, Sergei K. Turitsyn; Sangwoo Ha 1, Martin Ams 2, Graham D. Marshall 2, Aston University, UK Dragomir N. Neshev 1, Andrey A. Sukhorukov 1, Yuri S. 319 Kivshar 1, Michael J. Withford 2; 1Australian National In this second talk on dissipative structures in fiber applications, 2 we overview theoretical aspects of the generation, evolution and University, Australia; Macquarie University, Australia characterization of self-similar parabolic-shaped pulses in fiber 316 amplifier media. In particular, we present a perturbation analysis Directional couplers containing Bragg gratings in each of the that describes the structural changes induced by third-order waveguides are fabricated using direct-laser writing method in the fiber dispersion on the parabolic pulse solution of the nonlin- glass. Both gratings feature first-order Bragg resonance at telecom- ear Schrödinger equation with gain. Promising applications of munication wavelength around 1537 nm, and we realize for the parabolic pulses in optical signal post-processing and regeneration first time high-precision control over the lateral shift between in communication systems are also discussed. the gratings. We observe the strong effect of the grating shift on light coupling between the waveguides under the conditions of Dissipative Nonlinear Structures in Optical Fiber Bragg scattering. We show that antisymmetric grating alignment Systems III: Dissipative Solitons via Nonlinear facilitates robust light coupling, in agreement with theoretical predictions, demonstrating the feasibility for spatio-temporal Mapping control of slow-light pulses which velocity can be reduced due to Sergei K. Turitsyn, Brandon G. Bale, Sonia Boscolo; Bragg reflection. Aston University, UK 320 Broadband Cladding Mode Reflections of In the third and final talk on dissipative structures in fiber appli- Asymmetric Intracore Fibre Bragg Gratings cations, we discuss mathematical techniques that can be used to Jens Thomas 1, Nemanja Jovanovic 2, Michael J. Steel 2, characterize modern laser systems that consist of several discrete Ria Becker 1, Graham D. Marshall 2, Michael J. elements. In particular, we use a nonlinear mapping technique to 2 1 1 evaluate high power laser systems where significant changes in the Withford , S. Nolte , Andreas Tünnermann ; pulse evolution per cavity round trip is observed. We demonstrate 1 Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany; that dissipative soliton solutions might be effectively described 2Macquarie University, Australia using this Poincaré mapping approach. 317 Mode-Locked All-Positive-Dispersion The spectrum of a fibre Bragg grating (FBG) that has an asymmetric transversal profile differs considerably from that of a transversally Long-Resonator Fiber Lasers: Features of Femto- and uniform FBG. We present an asymmetric intracore FBG inscribed Picosecond Pulses Generation Regimes with focussed ultrashort pulses using the so-called point-by-point 1 1 1 technique. The cladding mode resonances are pronounced (deeper Sergey Kobtsev , Sergey Kukarin , Sergey Smirnov , 2 1 1 than 5 dB) over a very broad spectral range and the entire manifold Sergei K. Turitsyn , Anton Latkin ; Novosibirsk State of peaks can span a full octave. Coupled mode calculations University, Russia; 2Aston University, UK suggest that this strong coupling is due to resonant coupling into 321 cladding modes of higher azimuthal order. Indeed, the images We present new operational regime in all-fiber all-positive- of the reflected cladding modes show interference of cladding dispersion laser mode-locked due to effect of non-linear polariza- modes of different azimuthal order. Exploiting the properties tion evolution. Using the same laser scheme, we observed both of transversally asymmetric FBG allows for many new sensing generation of picosecond pulse train and a new lasing regime applications. with generated picosecond wave-packets, each being a train of femtosecond sub-pulses. In the latter case, the auto-correlation function has a non-usual double (femto- and picosecond) scale shape. We discuss mechanisms of laser mode-locking and switching of generation regimes and demonstrate a good qualitative agreement between experimental results and numerical modeling based on modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation.

38 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

8A ACOLS : BEC Theory / Fermi Gasses 8B ACOLS : Plasmonics 1 N102, 13:30 – 15:10, Wednesday G03, 13:30 – 15:10, Wednesday

First and Second Sound in a Strongly Interacting Interaction of Beams with Aperture Arrays Fermi Gas Ann Roberts, Marko Milicevic; University of Melbourne, E. Taylor 1, Hui Hu 2, Xia-Ji Liu 2, L.P. Pitaevskii 1,A. Australia Griffin 3, S. Stringari 1; 1CNR-INFM, Italy; 2Swinburne 326 University of Technology, Australia; 3University of Here we present the results of an investigation into the interaction Toronto, Canada of electromagnetic beams with a spatial intensity variation with arrays of apertures in metallic films. We see that the transfer 322 function is strongly dependent on wavelength and, hence, the Using a variational approach, we solve the equations of two-fluid angular spectrum of a beam transmitted through such an array hydrodynamics in a unitary Fermi gas trapped by a harmonic can be strongly modified by interaction with the film. This is potential. We show that the in-phase density oscillations (first particularly evident at wavelengths where there is significant exci- sound) weakly couple to out-of-phase temperature oscillations tation of surface waves. The beam is transmitted largely unaltered, (second sound) of the system, giving rise to a typical hybridization however, at wavelengths where localised resonances facilitate high effect where the frequencies cross. We predict the value of the transmission. frequency splitting caused by hybridization and show how the coupling results in a beating effect in the density response. This Control of Light Propagation Using Spatially gives a promising way of exciting and detecting second sound in Modulated Aperture Arrays in a Metal Film this system. X.M. Goh, Ling Lin, Ann Roberts; University of Kibble-Zurek Mechanism in a Spin 1/2 Bose-Einstein Melbourne, Australia Condensate 327 Jacopo Sabbatini, Matthew J. Davis; University of We show that localized aperture resonances existing in perfo- Queensland, Australia rated metal films can be utilized for beam manipulation. These resonances exhibit wavelength-dependent phase shifts in the trans- 323 mitted waves that are governed by the geometry of the aperture The Kibble-Zurek (KZ) mechanism is a universal theory estimating and optical properties of the filling material. By spatially varying the density of topological defects in both quantum and classical the aperture size around the resonant dimension of the specific phase transitions. Recent experiments in ultra-cold gases have wavelength, a desired spatial phase modulation of transmitted suggested the possibility of exploring the KZ scenario in ultra-cold light can be obtained. atoms. We propose realising a KZ scenario by ramping of the Raman coupling in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate Propagation and Dispersion of Plasmonic Pulses on resulting in pattern formation. The density of the resulting domain a Flat Metal-Dielectric Interface walls is related to the ramp rate, and we numerically test the scaling law predicted by the KZ mechanism from the critical exponents of Shiaw Juen Tan 1, Dmitri K. Gramotnev 2, Esa A. the system. Jaatinen 1; 1Queensland University of Technology, Australia; 2Nanophotonics Pty. Ltd., Australia Virial Expansion for a Strongly Correlated Fermi Gas 328 Xia-Ji Liu, Hui Hu, Peter D. Drummond; Swinburne In this paper, using the Fourier analysis, we investigate the charac- University of Technology, Australia teristics and propagation of Gaussian plasmonic pulses on a flat 324 metal-dielectric interface. In particular, it is demonstrated that the shape of a plasmonic pulse may be significantly affected when Using a semiclassical virial expansion, we present a controllable the pulse frequency spectrum approaches the cut-off frequency study of the thermodynamics of strongly correlated Fermi gases which is usually near the plasma frequency of the metal. Thus, at BEC-BCS crossover. We propose a practical way to determine ultra-short Gaussian plasmonic pulses cannot exist near the cut-off the expansion coefficients for both harmonically trapped and frequency. In addition, we show that the pulse penetration depth homogeneous cases, and calculate the third order coefficient b (T ) 3 into the surrounding media could also be significantly affected. at finite temperatures. At resonance, b ,∞(T ) ≈−0.29095295 is 3 Pulse dispersion during its propagation along a metal surface is determined in free space. These results are compared with a recent also studied. thermodynamic measurement for 6Li atoms, at temperatures below the degeneracy temperature, and with Monte Carlo simulations. Surface Plasmon Resonance Enhanced Nanoparticle We discuss also the virial expansion for dynamical properties, including the dynamical structure factor and spectral function. Trapping Jingzhi Wu 1, Xingyu Gao 2, Xiaosong Gan 1; Time Evolution of Gaussian Pulses in the 1Swinburne University of Technology, Australia; One-Dimensional Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard 2Tianjin University, China Hamiltonian 329 1 2 1 M.I. Makin , Jared H. Cole , Charles D. Hill , Nanoparticle trapping based on plasmonic nanostructures is Andrew D. Greentree 1, Lloyd C.L. Hollenberg 1; demonstrated in this paper. Three dimensional finite difference 1University of Melbourne, Australia; 2Universität time domain simulations indicate considerably enhanced optical forces due to the field enhancement provided by surface plasmon Karlsruhe, Germany resonance of the nanostructure which consists of pairs of vertically 325 aligned metallic nanorods illuminated by tightly focused laser The Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard (JCH) system describes a network beam. Our trapping approach can achieve three dimensional of single-mode photonic cavities connected via evanescent cou- nanoscale control of nanoparticles at significantly smaller laser pling. We focus in particular on a linear chain, which describes powers and can be applied for single molecule assays. a coupled cavity waveguide. Each cavity contains a single two level system which can be tuned into resonance with the cavity. Photocatalysis Using Au Nanoparticles We explore the behavior of a single excitation (either photonic or atomic) prepared as a Gaussian pulse. Unusual behavior of this Michael Larkins, Xi Chen, Huai Yong Zhu, Xue-Bin Ke, system is predicted in the time domain, including splitting of the Esa A. Jaatinen; Queensland University of Technology, excitation into two distinct pulses, which travel at distinct speeds. Australia 330

39 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

We investigate nanoparticle catalysis driven by visible light for tial for coherent remote sensing of the environment. Currently, low environmental and industrial applications. Ideally the goal is power diode lasers are used as the reference oscillators, but their to develop systems, driven by sunlight, which breakdown target broad line-widths do not allow the required single-shot velocity volatile organic compounds. We have performed experiments resolution. We shall describe an Er:YAG laser that produces a po- using low intensity cw UV and visible laser light sources to drive larized, single frequency, diﬀraction limited beam at 1.64 μm with these reactions with Au nanoparticles supported on oxides. Re- a line-width of < 12 kHz, and the development of a diode-pumped, sults to date indicate that while Localised Surface Plasmons in Au Q-switched, high power slave laser. play an important role, it is not clear whether optical processes such as ﬁeld enhancement drive the reactions or whether the root mechanism of energy and electron transfer to the target molecules 8D ACOFT : Optical Data Processing 2 is thermal in nature. LG29, 13:30 – 15:10, Wednesday

Aberration-Free, Ultrafast, All-Optical Oscilloscope 8C ACOLS : Remote Sensing / Lasers 1 Aisling Clarke 1, Jochen Schröder 1, Eva Ryckeboer 1, G04, 13:30 – 15:10, Wednesday Fan Wang 1, Mark D. Pelusi 1, Michaël A.F. Roelens 2, 1 1 Spectral Measurements of Resonance, Rayleigh and Benjamin J. Eggleton ; University of Sydney, 2 Aerosol Scattering from the Troposphere to the Australia; Finisar Australia, Australia Mesosphere by LIDAR 335 1 2 2 We experimentally demonstrate an ultrafast, aberration-free, Jens Lautenbach , Josef Höffner , Michael Gerding , all-optical oscilloscope, based on the concept of a time lens. By Franz-Josef Lübken 2; 1University of Adelaide, combining a time lens based on four-wave mixing in a highly Australia; 2IAP, Germany nonlinear fibre with a programmable Fourier domain pulseshaper, 331 as the dispersive element, we are able to overcome aberrations associated with the traditional method of attaining quadratic Laser remote sensing is a powerful tool for the ground-based dispersion by propagation inside a fibre. The achieved resolution exploration of our atmosphere up to heights of 110 km. A large of the oscilloscope is 612 fs well below the resolution of electronic number of dynamic processes in our Earth’s atmosphere as well as oscilloscopes. long-period changes can be explored only if the used lidar allows night and daylight operation with high data quality. Most lidar Wavelength Conversion of 40 Gb/s DPSK and 160 systems are limited to darkness due to high solar background during the day. Continuous daylight measurements with the Gb/s OOK Signals in a Chalcogenide Glass Chip mobile scanning Fe-Doppler lidar of the IAP will be reported. Mark D. Pelusi 1, Feng Luan 1, Steve Madden 2, Daylight measurements which are nearly background free have 2 2 been accomplished with an in house developed laser system, Duk-Yong Choi , Douglas A.P. Bulla , Barry 2 1 1 efficient narrowband spectral filters and a small field of view of the Luther-Davies , Benjamin J. Eggleton ; University of receiving telescope. Sydney, Australia; 2Australian National University, Australia Coherent Laser Radar for Air Pollution Transport 336 Studies We demonstrate broadband wavelength conversion of amplitude David Ottaway, Matthew Heintze, Andrew MacKinnon, and phase-shift keyed signals at 40-160 Gb/s using the optical Peter J. Veitch, Jesper Munch; University of Adelaide, Kerr-effect in a photonic chip for the first time. This is enabled by a dispersion-shifted, highly nonlinear As S waveguide. Australia 2 3 332 OSNR and Residual Chromatic Dispersion We have developed a coherent laser radar system operating at Monitoring for DQPSK Signal Based on Wiener-Hopf 1.5 microns using an Er:Yb:glass laser. This paper describes new Equation high signal to noise single shot measurements of the atmospheric boundary layer and includes comparisons with measurements Yuan Zhou 1, Bipin Sankar Gopalakrishna Pillai 2, obtained from a VHF boundary layer radar. Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas 1; 1University of 2 Passive Stand-Off Imaging and Quantification of Melbourne, Australia; National ICT Australia, Chemical Vapour Plumes Australia 337 Cameron Bowles, Robert Hall, Vladimir Perejogin, Tim We describe a new method to perform simultaneous monitoring of Bubner; DSTO, Australia OSNR and residual chromatic dispersion for differential quadrature 333 PSK (DQPSK) signals by solving the Wiener-Hopf equation using Remote passive detection and quantification of chemical vapours matrix inversion. is of importance for both industrial and defence applications. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is identified as Optical Performance Monitoring in Optical Label a technology that can be used for this application by exploiting Switched Networks the vapours’ characteristic vibrational spectral transitions (Flan- Kerry Hinton, Rodney S. Tucker, Peter M. Farrell, nigan 1996). DSTO has developed an Imaging FTIR Spectrometer (IFTIR) (Wegener et. al.2003) that maintains a signal-to-noise and Wayne Sorin; University of Melbourne, Australia spectral resolution comparable to current commercial single pixel 338 spectrometers and can be used to collect spectral imagery for this Due to the nature of traffic in an optical label switched networks, application. In the paper we present detection and quantification traditional optical performance monitoring methods will not work results obtained from this system by application of theoretical in these networks. It is shown that payload error rate monitoring modelling, and analysis algorithms. in these networks requires asynchronous sampling of the payload at the payload bit rate. Er:YAG Lasers for Coherent Remote Sensing Nick Chang, Matthew Heintze, David J. Hosken, Jesper Multi-Impairment Monitoring at 320 Gb/s via Cross Munch, David Ottaway, Peter J. Veitch; University of Phase Modulation Based Radio Frequency Spectrum Adelaide, Australia Analyser 334 Trung D. Vo, Mark D. Pelusi, B. Corcoran, Benjamin J. Stable, single frequency lasers with wavelengths suitable for use Eggleton; University of Sydney, Australia with high peak-power pulsed lasers in the eye-safe band are essen- 339

40 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

We introduce a novel scheme for multi-impairment performance loaded into the fibre. This particular arrangement can drive this monitoring at ultrahigh-bit rates based on cross-phase modula- transition strongly enough to see over a 50% absorption of the tion (XPM) in a nonlinear medium. We demonstrate that we can driving laser, compared to the traditional technique that scatters simultaneously monitor in-band optical signal-to-noise ratio and only 10−6 of incident power. This gives an excellent signal to noise group velocity dispersion at bit-rates of 320 Gb/s (return-to-zero). ratio for creating an atomic clock and could also be extended to Our approach retrieves the autocorrelation of the signal via the RF a quantum optics application for creating a single photon filter spectrum, which is captured via XPM in highly nonlinear fiber. where the fibre absorbs two photons and lets one photon pass.

8E ACOFT : Measurement DS Workshop LG28, 13:30 – 15:10, Wednesday LG24, 13:30 – 15:10, Wednesday

Broadband Optical Signal Processing in Interaction of Dissipative Solitons in Oscillatory and Chalcogenide Planar Waveguides Excitable Regimes Mark D. Pelusi 1, Feng Luan 1, Trung D. Vo 1, Steve Adrian Jacobo, Damiá Gomila, Manuel A. Matías, Pere Madden 2, Duk-Yong Choi 2, Barry Luther-Davies 2, Colet; CSIC, Spain Benjamin J. Eggleton 1; 1University of Sydney, 344 Australia; 2Australian National University, Australia We study the interaction of oscillatory and excitable dissipative 340 solitons arising in a nonlinear Kerr Cavity. In the oscillatory regime there are several equilibrium distances in which symmetric We review the latest advances in Chalcognide glass (ChG) planar antiphase oscillations, asymmetric antiphase oscillations, mixed waveguides for enabling high-speed, all-optical signal processing mode beating, phase locking and in-phase oscillations are found. in compact devices. The underpinning large nonlinear response We also explore the realization of AND, OR and NOT gates, to in cm length circuits, stems from the high nonlinear refractive perform all-optical logical operations. index of ChG, and the enhancement gained from shrinking the waveguide dimensions to reduce the mode size. The latter also has the favourable effect of increasing waveguide dispersion to cancel Noise-Sustained Dynamics of Drifting Patterns in a the large material dispersion of ChG. Combining these features in Tilted Nonlinear Feedback System a shorter length waveguide is shown to improve the broadband Nicolas Marsal, Delphine Wolfersberger, Marc performance for applications such as waveform spectrum analysis, high-resolution optical sampling, and broadband wavelength Sciamanna, Germano Montemezzani; LMOPS, France conversion. 345 We investigate experimentally the dynamics of pattern excitation in Frequency-Time Mapping for Broadband Frequency presence of an advection-like effect in a nonlinear optical system. Measurement This advection effect, created when the angle of incidence of the pump beam is not zero, causes the existence of: (i) a transition Linh Nguyen; DSTO, Australia from convective to absolute instabilities, (ii) the formation of new 341 pattern geometries, (iii) the seeding of noise-sustained structures. A broadband microwave photonic frequency measurement re- All these phenomena, previously observed in nonlinear Kerr-type ceiver concept based on an incoherent frequency-time mapping systems, are demonstrated in our setup composed by a photore- technique is reported for electronic warfare application. This fractive nonlinear medium in a tilted feedback configuration. photonic technique directly maps the frequency information of the incoming electronic-warfare signal to a time delay utilising a dis- Actively Mode-Locked Multi-Bound Solitons: persive medium. No pre-filtering of the input or known frequency Generation and Evolution reference is required. Cascaded chirped fibre Bragg gratings are investigated to improve the frequency measurement capability Le Nguyen Binh, N.D. Nguyen; Monash University, of the frequency-time mapping technique at low frequencies. Australia Microwave frequency measurement near the theoretical limit is 346 demonstrated at 3 GHz despite the presence of beat signals at the We report, experimental and numerical observation of the phase output photodetector. difference and interactions which relates to the dynamics of MM-Wave Frequency Measurement of Pulsed Signals multi-soliton bound states from an active FM mode-locked fiber laser. Using Photonic Technique Manik Attygalle, Daniel Borg, Linh Nguyen; DSTO, Modulational Instability and Solitons in a Periodic Australia Dissipative Feedback System 342 Dragomir N. Neshev 1, Nicolas Marsal 2, Alexander We present for the first time the frequency measurement of mm- Minovich 1, Delphine Wolfersberger 2, Marc wave frequency signals with short pulse-width and varying input Sciamanna 2, Germano Montemezzani 2, Andrey A. powers using the dispersion induced power fading in optical fibre. Sukhorukov 1, Yuri S. Kivshar 1; 1Australian National The practical implementation outlines the required calibration 2 procedures. It is shown that a sensitivity of < -50 dBm with University, Australia; LMOPS, France pulse-widths of < 100 ns can be achieved for frequency bandwidth 347 from 29 to 40 GHz with potential for further improvement. We review our recent experimental results on control of the modulational instability, pattern formation, and solitons in a Non-Linear Spectroscopy of Rubidium in Hollow nonlinear discrete dissipative feedback system. We show that the Core Fibres for Clocks and Quantum Optics discreteness and bandgap effects can provide efficient control 1 1 2 of the nonlinear instability modes of the system. Furthermore, Christopher Perrella , Anna Lurie , Fetah Benabid , we explore the possibilities for excitation of dissipative discrete Thomas M. Stace 3, Andre N. Luiten 1; 1University of solitons in such system through seeding with a narrow addressing Western Australia, Australia; 2University of Bath, UK; beam. 3University of Queensland, Australia 343 The new technology of Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fibres (HC- PCF) allows for a vapour to be in close contact with high intensity light over long lengths. We are using this property to drive the non-linear, 778nm 5S to 5D transitions in Rubidium which is

41 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

Pattern Formation, Dissipative Localised Structures Plasmon Nanofocusing: New Approaches in Sensing and Spectral Narrowing of Amplified Surface and Nanomanipulation Plasmons Near the Lasing Threshold Dmitri K. Gramotnev 1, Michael W. Vogel 2; D.V. Skryabin 1, A. Marini 1, A.V. Gorbach 1, A. Zayats 2; 1Nanophotonics Pty. Ltd., Australia; 2Queensland 1University of Bath, UK; 2Queen’s University of Belfast, University of Technology, Australia UK 355 348 Plasmon nanofocusing is analysed in a focusing dimple in a metal We propose a self-consistent approach to derivation of the ampli- film with a nano-hole in the middle, and an inverse structure in tude equation for surface plasmon polaritons in the presence of the form of a “wizard hat” with a tapered nano-focusing metal gain, loss and dissipative and Kerr nonlinearities. Our approach rod formed out of a flat metal surface. It is demonstrated that allows to explain recently observed spectral signatures of the these two structures combine maximal possible plasmon field threshold crossover with amplified plasmons and predicts pattern enhancement (sufficient for single molecule detection) with other formation and localised structures of surface plasmons. unique functionalities, such as nano-fluidics for the delivery of the tested molecules to the field hot spots, and the possibility of using strongly localised fields for trapping, imaging and nanomanipula- 9A ACOLS : Fermi Gasses and Atom Lasers tion of small nanoparticles and separate molecules. N102, 15:50 – 17:10, Wednesday Self-Focusing of Surface Plasmons Exact Quantum Dynamics of the Dissociation of Arthur R. Davoyan, Ilya V. Shadrivov, Yuri S. Kivshar; Molecular BEC into Fermionic Atoms Australian National University, Australia Magnus Ögren, Karén Kheruntsyan, Joel Corney; 356 University of Queensland, Australia We study nonlinear propagation of surface plasmon polaritons along an interface between a metal and dielectric with a nonlinear 349 Kerr response. We demonstrate numerically self-focusing of a plas- We have examined numerically the exact quantum dynamics of a mon beam at large powers and the soliton formation even in the condensate of bosonic dimers dissociating into fermionic atoms presence of losses. We develop an analytical model for describing by applying a fermionic phase space representation. Simulations the spatial plasmon-solitons, and observe a good agreement with for a few-body system were first performed for comparison with the results of numerical studies. a standard matrix calculation. However, we have also simulated larger systems with 103 atomic momentum modes, illustrating the Light-Field Enhancement at Particle-Substrate capability of the phase-space representation for first-principles Interface quantum dynamic simulations for fermionic systems of experimentally realistic sizes. Molecule-atom correlations and the Saulius Juodkazis; Hokkaido University, Japan decoherence of the initially condensed molecules are studied as 357 time evolves, showing clear departure from mean-field results. Light localization by micro- and nano-particles can be used to structure surfaces by ablation and to localize photo-polymerization. In Ultracold Plasma Electron Source the case of spherical microparticles, focusing of the incident light Mark Junker, Simon Bell, Robert Scholten; University of defines ablation location with micrometer precision. Presence of a light-field component vertical to the surface of sample plays an Melbourne, Australia important part in ablation. Plasmonic nano-particles can further 350 increase light localization especially at the edges, corners, and gaps An ultra cold plasma (UCP) can be created by photo-ionisation between particles. Nano-structuring and photo-polymerization of atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). The electrons can be with sub-100 nm resolutions is achievable. Light-enhancement can extracted, with temperatures below 10 K, to form a high brightness be controlled by the shape and size of nanoparticles over wide source of ultrafast electron bunches. We are developing such spectral range. a source, starting with rubidium atoms effusing from an oven, longitudinally cooled by a novel Zeeman slower and loaded into a MOT. We have measured a flux of cold atoms of 2×1010 atoms/s 9C ACOLS : Remote Sensing / Lasers 2 to quickly load the MOT. G04, 15:50 – 17:10, Wednesday

Pulsed Lasers Produce the Brightest Guide-Stars for 9B ACOLS : Plasmonics 2 Large Telescopes G03, 15:50 – 17:10, Wednesday Murray W. Hamilton, Nikita Simakov, Peter J. Veitch, Comparative Analysis of Wedge and Groove Jesper Munch; University of Adelaide, Australia Plasmonic Waveguides 358 S.J. Goodman 1, Dmitri K. Gramotnev 2, N.J. Foley 1; Pulsed laser guide stars (LGS) are required to remove the effects of 1 elongation in adaptive optics (AO) for extremely large telescopes Queensland University of Technology, Australia; (ELT). Elongation occurs due to unavoidable off-axis illumination 2Nanophotonics Pty. Ltd., Australia of the 10km thick sodium layer and hampers the ability of the 354 wavefront sensor to reconstruct the atmospheric aberration. This Metallic wedges and V-grooves present one of the best options can be avoided by dynamically refocussing on a pulsed LGS with μ for the development of sub-wavelength waveguides because they a duration of <3 s. The reduced interaction time requires the combine relatively weak dissipation with strong sub-wavelength fluorescent yield to be maximised such that there is sufficient localization of the guided optical signals. This paper conducts a return for wavefront correction. We investigate the interaction detailed comparison between wedge and groove plasmonic waveg- efficiency between an alkali vapour and pulsed resonant radiation. uides and determines the wavelengths and structural parameters Our experiment is supported by a 2-level model of the system. We at which either of these structures presents the best option for the present a pulse format that provides sufficient return and does not design of efficient plasmonic interconnectors for the integrated suffer from perspective elongation. nano-optics. Dissipation and localization of plasmonic modes are determined and compared in the optical and telecom ranges The Development of Predictive Passive Standoff of frequencies, demonstrating superior features of V-grooves Vapour Detection Analysis Tools compared to wedges at optical frequencies. Cameron Bowles, Mark Burridge, Tim Bubner; DSTO, Australia 359

42 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

Passive standoff detection of gas plumes in the long wave infrared tinuum source pumped at 1550 nm. The 1110 nm pulses are region is an area of interest for both industry and defence. The near transform-limited, with 1.7 ps duration over their 1.2 nm ability to detect and characterise these plumes is influenced by a bandwidth, and exhibit high interpulse coherence. Both the super- variety of limiting factors including temperature, emissivity and continuum source and the pulse synthesis system are implemented concentration variations, sensor system noise and the plumes’ in- completely in fiber. The versatile source construction suggests trinsic spectroscopic properties. To make meaningful assessments that pulse synthesis from sliced supercontinuum may be a useful of the minimum detectable quantities (MDQ) of plumes an analysis technique across the 1000 – 2000 nm wavelength range. tool that considers all these influences is needed. In this paper we present a tool to predict MDQ by using fundamental modelling Structurally-Based Nonlinear Birefringence in approaches and simulations. We then present experimental data Waveguides with Subwavelength Structures and measured under controlled conditions to test the validity of these models. High Index Materials Shahraam Afshar V., Wen Qi Zhang, Tanya M. Monro; Long Range Analogue Audio Free Space Optical University of Adelaide, Australia Communication Link in a Maritime Environment 364 1 2 Kenneth J. Grant , Harris R. Burris , Christopher I. For the first time, we show that fibres with high index materials Moore 2, Wayne Martinsen 1, James Giesbrecht 3, and sunwavelength dimensions can have high structurally-based Bradley A. Clare 1, Thomas Nottage 3, Kerry A. nonlinear birefringence. We discuss this new type of nonlinear 1 2 birefringence both in terms of fundamental theories and applica- Mudge , Charmaine C. Gilreath , William S. tions. Rabinovich 2; 1DSTO, Australia; 2Naval Research Laboratory, USA; 3Ebor Computing, Australia 360 9E ACOFT : Novel Materials and Platforms The Defence Science & Technology Organisation (DSTO), in collabo- LG28, 15:50 – 17:10, Wednesday ration with the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), has performed long distance experiments on analogue modulated free space op- Active Biopolymer Optofluidics tical links across Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. In the present work, Peter Domachuk 1, Rebecca Cademartiri 2,M. pulse frequency modulation was used to transmit audio signals 2 2 2 over a distance of 32 km (folded path across the Bay). Still images Cronin-Golomb , D.L. Kaplan , F.G. Omenetto ; were transmitted using slow scan television (SSTV) techniques. 1University of Sydney, Australia; 2Tufts University, USA 365 Direct Generation of Femtosecond Laser Pulses with The ancient silk fibre finds new application as a bio-chemically a Peak Power Exceeding 18 MW Without External functional optofluidic material. We demonstrate a silk pro- Amplification tein diffraction grating doped with human haemoglobin. The haemoglobin remains chemically active within the grating and 1 1 Wolfgang Koehler , Christoph Bartylla , Bernd responds spectrally to ambient gas concentration. The grating per- Luerss 1, Christopher Miese 2, Alexander Fuerbach 2; forms a dual role of providing spectral analysis and a bio-chemical 1Femtolasers Produktions GmbH, Austria; 2Macquarie substrate in one component. University, Australia Soft Imprinting of Microstructured Micro-Prisms on 361 Optical Fibre Facets We report on our latest results in the development of high-energy, long-cavity Chirped Pulse Oscillators (CPOs). Our concept allows U. Chinnasamy, G. Kostovski, Arnan Mitchell; RMIT the generation of ultrashort laser pulses at MHz repetition rates University, Australia with a pulse duration of less then 50fs and an energy approaching 366 the μJ-level directly out of an oscillator. Thus, our unique approach completely avoids the need for any additional amplification stages. Soft-imprint lithography is used to integrate optical gratings This paper is, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration and polymer micro-prisms onto the tips of optical fibres. Light that laser pulses with a peak power exceeding 18MW can be deflection and diffraction is demonstrated. generated directly out of a femtosecond oscillator. Interaction of Nematicons in a Liquid Crystal Cell Without Bias 9D ACOFT : Nonlinearity in Fibres 3 Yana Izdebskaya 1, V.G. Shvedov 1, Anton S. LG29, 15:50 – 17:10, Wednesday Desyatnikov 1, Wieslaw Z. Krolikowski 1, Gaetano Assanto 2, Yuri S. Kivshar 1; 1Australian National Poling: Past, Present and Future Opportunities University, Australia; 2Università di Roma Tre, Italy Walter Margulis, Oleksandr Tarasenko, Niklas Myrén; 367 Acreo, Sweden We study experimentally the propagation dynamics and interaction 362 of spatial optical solitons in a unbiased cell filled with a nematic Techniques used for inducing an optical second-order nonlinearity liquid crystal. We demonstrate several types of interaction between in glass fibres are discussed. Thermal poling results are reviewed two nematicons including phase-, surface-, and angle-dependent and compared to the recently reported electrostatic charging. This collisions. novel technique to induce a χ(2) in glass fibres could pave the way to a wide use of fibres in active optical components. High-Q Cavities in Chalcogenide Photonic Crystals by Photosensitive Post Processing Mode-Locked Picosecond Pulse Generation from an Michael W. Lee 1, Christian Grillet 1, Snjezana Octave-Spanning Supercontinuum Tomljenovic-Hanic 1, David J. Moss 1, Eric C. Mägi 1, D. Kielpinski 1, Michael G. Pullen 1, John Canning 2,M. Benjamin J. Eggleton 1, Xin Gai 2, Steve Madden 2, Stevenson 2, P.S. Westbrook 3, K.S. Feder 3; 1Griffith Duk-Yong Choi 2, Douglas A.P. Bulla 2, Barry University, Australia; 2University of Sydney, Australia; Luther-Davies 2; 1University of Sydney, Australia; 3OFS Laboratories, USA 2Australian National University, Australia 363 368 We generate mode-locked picosecond pulses near 1110 nm by We demonstrate a high-Q (∼125000) photonic crystal (PhC) cavity spectrally slicing and reamplifying an octave-spanning supercon- formed using a post processing technique where the refractive

43 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia index of a photosensitive chalcogenide PhC is modified locally. The cavity resonances were measured using an evanescent coupling 10A ACOLS : Quantum Optics 1 technique which allowed for flexible probing of the cavity and also N102, 9:00 – 10:20, Thursday in situ measurements during the photosensitive process. Quantum Optical Pulse Sequencer DS Workshop Mahdi Hosseini 1, Ben M. Sparkes 1, Gabriel Hétet 1, LG24, 15:50 – 17:10, Wednesday Jevon J. Longdell 2, Ping Koy Lam 1, Ben C. Buchler 1; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2University Optical Rogue Waves: Theory and Experiments of Otago, New Zealand Majid Taki 1, Arnaud Mussot 1, Eric Louvergneaux 1, 404 Alexandre Kudlinski 1, Mikhail Kolobov 1, Marc In this paper, we present a coherent optical memory based on Douay 1, N. Akhmediev 2; 1PhLAM, France; 2Australian photon echoes induced via controlled reversible inhomogeneous broadening (CRIB). Our scheme can store multiple pulses of light National University, Australia within a chosen frequency bandwidth. Stored pulses can be 369 recalled in arbitrary order with any chosen delay between each We present an experimental and theoretical study of optical recalled pulse. Furthermore, pulses can be time-compressed, rogue waves generated in photonic crystal fibers supercontinuum time-stretched, or split into multiple smaller pulses and recalled in under continuous-wave pumping. They correspond to sharp, rare several pieces at chosen times [1]. Such a quantum pulse sequencer and extremely high power pulses sharing the main features of could be used as a random time-access quantum memory and play the devastating freak waves also known as “walls of water” by a role in quantum repeater protocols. seafarers, appearing in the ocean. We demonstrate that these rare events originate from convective instabilities and that their rapid Quantum Manipulations of Spatial Modes Within a appearance/disappearance results from the collision of solitons. Beam More importantly, L-shaped probability distributions of the peak 1 1 intensities and a strong dependence on initial noisy conditions Jean-François Morizur , Seiji Armstrong , Katherine have been both numerically and experimentally observed. Wagner 1, Lachlan Nicholls 1, Jiri Janousek 1, Thomas Symul 1, Nicolas Treps 2, Hans A. Bachor 1; 1Australian Rogue Waves and Their Perturbations National University, Australia; 2LKB, France Adrian Ankiewicz, N. Akhmediev; Australian National 405 University, Australia We present a new approach to build multimode entanglement 370 using co-propagating modes instead of distinct beams. It provides We show that the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE), which a general method to convert one squeezed spatial mode to another, describes generic nonlinear phenomena including waves in the and to entangle multiple squeezed modes. We show that once deep ocean and light pulses in optical fibres, supports a whole the squeezed modes have been superposed, it is possible to hierarchy of rational solutions. We present some of these and apply any unitary transformation on the modes using spatial light investigate whether such solutions can survive perturbations. modulators and optical fourier transforms. Since the modes are co-propagating, it is possible to use a multipixel homodyne detec- Getting the Genie Out of the Bottle — How to Excite tion to measure these modes simultaneously and synchronously (they all share the same local oscillator). Rogue Waves? N. Akhmediev 1, J.M. Soto-Crespo 2, Adrian Ankiewicz 1; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2CSIC, 10C ACOLS : Lasers 2 Spain G04, 9:00 – 10:20, Thursday 371 A Resonantly Pumped Thulium and Holmium We propose initial conditions that could facilitate the excitation of rogue waves. Understanding the initial conditions that foster Dual-Core Fiber Laser rogue waves could be useful both in attempts to avoid them by sea David G. Lancaster 1, Stuart Jackson 2; 1DSTO, farers and in generating highly energetic pulses in optical fibers. Australia; 2University of Sydney, Australia 407 Surface Solitons in Curved Waveguide Arrays We demonstrate a double-clad fiber laser that incorporates a 1 1 1 Xinyuan Qi , Ivan L. Garanovich , Zhiyong Xu , pump-light absorbing coaxially located thulium-doped outer core Andrey A. Sukhorukov 1, Wieslaw Z. Krolikowski 1, which reaches threshold and resonantly pumps a holmium doped Arnan Mitchell 2, Guoquan Zhang 3, Dragomir N. inner core. Under cw diode pumping, the output from the laser 1 1 1 displays pulse modulated behaviour at wavelengths corresponding Neshev , Yuri S. Kivshar ; Australian National to the Tm3+ transition and short gain switched pulses from the 2 + + + University, Australia; RMIT University, Australia; Ho3 core, with mode-locked characteristics. The Ho3 and Tm3 3Nankai University, China fibre lasers simultaneously produced 1.5 W across 2040 nm to ∼ 372 2140 nm and operate at a pulse repetition frequency of 80 KHz, and pulse widths as short as 330 ns. We describe theoretically and demonstrate experimentally the formation of surface waves at the edges of curved waveguide arrays Erbium-Doped Bulk Tellurite Glass Laser at 1.5 μm with a surface defect fabricated in a LiNbO3 crystal. We show that nonlinear coupling between different linear modes supported by Michael R. Oermann, David Ottaway, Peter J. Veitch, the array leads to beam switching between output waveguides as Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Tanya M. Monro; the nonlinearity strength is increased. At high optical powers we observe formation of surface solitons. University of Adelaide, Australia 408 We report on the development of erbium-doped tellurite glass, its characterisation and the feasibility of its use as the gain medium in a short cavity laser. These developments are an important first step to the realization of a large mode area tellurite microstructured fibre laser.

44 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

Mode-Locking Cerium Lasers: Generating Ultrafast Quantum Model for Optical Phase Modulator Pulses in the Deep Ultraviolet Alwin Tam, Kerry Hinton, Peter M. Farrell, Rodney S. David J. Spence, Eduardo Granados, David W. Coutts; Tucker; University of Melbourne, Australia Macquarie University, Australia 414 409 A full quantum field theoretical model of a PSK optical communications system, including the phase modulator and homodyne The cerium-doped material Ce:LiCaAlF6 has shown over the last ten years to be an able laser material in the deep ultraviolet spectral receiver is presented. The model explicitly delineates between the region, generating nanosecond pulses across the wavelength range contributions due to modulation (predicted by classical analysis) 280–315 nm. We demonstrate for the first time that cerium can be and a contribution due to photon creation out of the vacuum, mode-locked to produce picosecond pulses in this hard-to-access induced by time the dependent refractive index of the phase spectral range, and we discuss the promise of cerium to directly modulator. We find that, even with refractive index modulation 13 −1 generate sub-femtosecond pulses. rate of order 10 sec photon creation from the vacuum will have a negligible effect in PSK optical communications. However the Injection Mode-Locked, Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser at effect may be detectable using ultra-high frequency ultra-stable clocks. 1319nm Nikita Simakov, David J. Hosken, Murray W. Hamilton, Peter J. Veitch, Jesper Munch; University of Adelaide, 11C ACOLS : Lasers 3 Australia G04, 11:00 – 12:20, Thursday 410 A High-Performance Coherent Pulsed Spectroscopic There is a growing need for pulsed laser guide stars (LGS) for adaptive optics (AO) in next generation Extremely Large Telescopes Light Source with Low Chirp and Optical Bandwidth (ELT). There is currently no source that simultaneously provides Near the Fourier-Transform Limit efficient excitation of mesospheric sodium and allows for removal Kenneth G.H. Baldwin 1, Yabai He 2, Mitsuhiko Kono 1, of the effects of beacon elongation via dynamic refocusing. We 2 3 1 present an injection mode-locked, Q-switched 1319 nm Nd:YAG Brian J. Orr , Richard T. White ; Australian National laser, required for our novel LGS system, which provides a unique University, Australia; 2Macquarie University, Australia; pulse format that meets all of the requirements for multi-conjugate 3University of Adelaide, Australia adaptive optics in ELTs. 417 A high-performance injection-seeded optical parametric oscil- 11A ACOLS : Quantum Optics 2 lator produces tunable ∼25-ns light pulses at ∼840 nm, with low frequency chirp and an optical bandwidth close to the N102, 11:00 – 12:20, Thursday Fourier-transform limit. Higher-power output is then generated at ∼840 nm by a multipass Ti:sapphire laser amplifier, prior to Noiseless Linear Amplification and Distillation of nonlinear-optical upconversion (e.g., to ∼210 nm by two second- Entanglement harmonic-generation steps). Optical-heterodyne techniques are 1 2 1 2 used to monitor and control the instantaneous frequency of G.Y. Xiang , T.C. Ralph , A.P. Lund , N. Walk , individual pulses at ∼840 nm, and sub-Doppler spectroscopic Geoff J. Pryde 1; 1Griffith University, Australia; measurements are made to verify system performance at each 2University of Queensland, Australia stage. Ultimately, the seventh harmonic at ∼120 nm will enable 411 high-resolution vacuum-ultraviolet spectroscopic applications. We introduce and experimentally demonstrate the idea of noiseless Piezo-Tuned Erbium-Doped DFB-PCF Laser for linear amplification of a harmonic oscillator. While deterministic amplification of this kind violates the quantum no-cloning the- High-Resolution Spectroscopy orem, nondeterministic heralded amplification is possible. We Kevin Cook 1, C.K. Poon 1, A.A.P. Pohl 2, John Canning 1; demonstrate an experimental circuit to realize this concept, and 1University of Sydney, Australia; 2Federal University of use it for a simple distillation of field entanglement. The concept has application to the distillation of continuous-variables EPR Technology Parana, Brazil entanglement and quantum communications tasks. 418 A piezo-electric transducer (PZT) is used to tune the lasing wave- Demonstrations of Adaptive Quantum length of a photonic crystal fibre (PCF) distributed feedback laser Measurements in Optics (DFB), this allows the P11 absorption band of acetylene to be tuned 1 2 with 0.45nm resolution. The wavelength may be to tuned by up to Brendon L. Higgins , Dominic W. Berry , Byron M. 0.22nm. The DFB exhibited remarkable performance with stable, Booth 1, Morgan W. Mitchell 3, Andrew C. Doherty 4, CW, single mode, narrow-linewidth operation. Stephen D. Bartlett 5, Howard M. Wiseman 1, Geoff J. Pryde 1; 1Griffith University, Australia; 2Macquarie Multi-Wavelength, Rapidly Swept Continuous-Wave University, Australia; 3ICFO, Spain; 4University of Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy, Applied to Sensing Queensland, Australia; 5University of Sydney, Australia of Greenhouse Gases 413 Brian J. Orr 1, Yabai He 1, Ruifeng Kan 2, Florian V. Quantum measurement protocols make use of the quantum nature Englich 3, Wenqing Liu 2; 1Macquarie University, of the universe to gain more information about a system using Australia; 2Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; fewer resources than would otherwise be possible. Achieving pre- 3University of Adelaide, Australia cision at the fundamental limits imposed by quantum mechanics nevertheless remains a challenge. Adaptive quantum measurement 419 protocols may allow us to step closer to these ultimate limits. We The greenhouse-gas molecules CO2,CH4, and H2O are detected by present an overview of some interesting recent results of quantum using a cavity ringdown laser absorption spectroscopy technique measurement schemes as demonstrated in single-photon optical with rapidly swept optical cavity and multi-wavelength coherent implementations, in the contexts of unambiguous phase estimation radiation from a set of pre-tuned diode lasers. This sensitive and multiple-copy non-orthogonal state discrimination. portable instrument is applicable to environmental monitoring with adequate absolute quantitative accuracy and reliability.

45 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

Fabricating Atom Chips with Femtosecond Laser 12A ACOLS : Atom Lasers and Atom Optics Ablation N102, 13:30 – 15:10, Thursday Holger Wolff 1, Martin Lowe 1, Andrei Sidorov 1, Brenton Hall 1, RuGway Wu 2, Robert G. Dall 2, Andrew G. Quantum Kinetic Theory Model of a Continuous Truscott 2; 1Swinburne University of Technology, Atom Laser Australia; 2Australian National University, Australia 1 2 1 G.R. Dennis , Matthew J. Davis , Joseph J. Hope ; 425 1 2 Australian National University, Australia; University We report on the microfabrication of atom chips using a fem- of Queensland, Australia tosecond laser ablation technique to arbitrarily sculpture both thin 421 conductive metal films and permanent magnetic materials. We have measured the threshold fluences for a variety of materials relevant We model a continuous wave atom laser formed by outcoupling to atom chip development. The quality of the ablation process is atoms from a steady-state Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) at finite investigated using composite scanning electron microscope images temperature. The atoms in the reservoir that contain the BEC are in combination with a novel home-made magneto-resistance micro- replenished by transferring particles from a second non-degenerate scope to measure the associated magnetic field noise. Preliminary Bose gas combined with evaporative cooling. The atom laser flux results from the trapping of ultracold metastable He on an ablated is increased by a higher replenishment rate and lower temperature microwire atom chip will also be presented and their utility as a for the thermal atoms. For practical sources, there is a trade-off magnetic field microscopy probe explored. between these two quantities. We use quantum kinetic theory to determine the limits on the temperature and phase space density of the source of atoms for a useful atom laser beam. 12C ACOLS : Lasers 4 Generating Entangled Atom Lasers G04, 13:30 – 15:10, Thursday

Mattias Johnsson, G.R. Dennis, Joseph J. Hope, Thermo-Optic Locking of a Semiconductor Laser to a Robert G. Dall, Lesa J. Byron, Andrew G. Truscott; Microcavity Resonance Australian National University, Australia 1 1 2 422 T.G. McRae , Kwan H. Lee , M. McGovern ,D. 1 1 1 We present a method to create paired atom laser beams from a Gwyther , Warwick P. Bowen ; University of 2 metastable helium Bose-Einstein condensate via four-wave mixing, Queensland, Australia; University of Otago, New analogous to nondegenerate parametric down conversion in optical Zealand systems. The two atomic beams are entangled upon production, 426 although the extent to which this entanglement survives on leaving We experimentally demonstrate thermo-optic locking of a semi- the condensate is currently uncertain. Robust number difference conductor laser to an integrated toroidal optical microresonator. squeezing between the beams is expected, however. The crucial The lock is maintained for time periods exceeding twelve hours, part of the scheme relies on the BEC components having differing without requiring any electronic control systems. Fast control is s-wave scattering lengths, suggesting that the scheme may work achieved by optical feedback induced by scattering centers within for other atomic species as well. the microresonator, with thermal locking due to optical heating Imaging the Guided Mode of an Atom Laser maintaining constructive interference between the cavity and the laser. Furthermore, the optical feedback acts to narrow the laser Sean S. Hodgman, Robert G. Dall, Mattias Johnsson, linewidth, with ultra high quality microtoroid resonances offering Kenneth G.H. Baldwin, Andrew G. Truscott; Australian the potential for ultralow linewidth on-chip lasers. National University, Australia Frequency Stabilized Diode Laser System for Atom 423 Trapping Using Acousto-Optic Modulation Ultracold atoms whose de Broglie wavelength is of the same order as an extended confining potential can experience waveguiding Peter D. McDowall, Mikkel F. Andersen; University of along the potential. When the transverse kinetic energy of the Otago, New Zealand atoms is sufficiently low, they can be guided in the lowest order 427 mode of the confining potential in analogy to light guided by a We report on an inexpensive commercial laser diode stabilized to single mode optical fibre. Here we present images of the transverse the D -line in Rubidium using a simple scheme. The linewidth was mode structure of matter waves guided in the lowest order modes 2 reduced to 1.3 MHz without an external cavity, making it suitable of a confining potential. These images also exhibit interference for laser cooling and trapping. The system is very robust and the patterns analogous to speckle when many modes are introduced laser frequency can be changed rapidly (within 51 μs) while the into the atomic waveguide. laser remains in lock. The frequency of the locked laser drifts less Beyond Short Pulse Regime with Novel Time than 850 kHz peak-to-peak over 25 hours. Domain Atom Interferometer Multipoint Refractive Index Sensor for Liquids Mikkel F. Andersen 1, Tycho Sleator 2; 1University of Based on Optical Fiber Bragg-Gratings 2 Otago, New Zealand; New York University, USA Harpreet K. Bal, Zourab Brodzeli, Fotios Sidiroglou, 424 Stephen F. Collins; Victoria University, Australia We demonstrate a novel atom interferometer in which atoms are 428 laser-cooled into a 1-D optical lattice, suddenly released, and later The theoretical and experimental analysis of a multipoint fibre subjected to a pulsed optical lattice. For short pulses a simple optic refractive index sensor is presented in this work. Experimen- analytical theory predicts the signal. We investigate both short tal characterisation of the sensor shows excellent agreement with and longer pulses where the analytical theory fails. Longer pulses numerical analysis and a resolution in the order of 10−3. yield higher precision and larger signals and we observe a coherent signal at times that can differ significantly from the expected echo time. The interferometer measures of h/mRb and thereby the fine Mode Locking of Fiber Lasers with Atomic Layer structure constant α. Graphene H. Zhang 1, D.Y. Tang 1, L.M. Zhao 1, Q.L. Bao 2, K.P. Loh 2; 1Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; 2National University of Singapore, Singapore 429 We report on the performance of an erbium-doped fiber laser

46 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia passively mode-locked with an atomic layer graphene. Stable mode Towards Quantum Opto-Mechanics with Integrated locked pulses with single pulse energy up to 7.3 nJ and pulse Microresonators width of 415 fs have been directly generated from the fiber laser. Warwick P. Bowen, Kwan H. Lee, T.G. McRae, Glen I. Stability of the mode locked pulses, together with the properties of the graphene mode locker, was experimentally investigated. Our Harris, Joachim Knittel; University of Queensland, results show that the atomic layer graphene could be a promising Australia ultrafast saturable absorber for large energy mode locking. 434 We will present experiments on the route to quantum opto- Uncooled, Millimeter-Scale Atomic Magnetometers mechanics with integrated microresonators. In particular, active with Femtotesla Sensitivity cooling of an integrated cavity opto-mechanical system is demon- John Kitchin 1, Svenja Knappe 1, Clark Griffith 1, Jan strated for the first time, with final temperature limited to 25 K by 1 1 1 optical shotnoise. The use of whispering gallery optical resonances Preusser , Vladislav Gerginov , Peter D.D. Schwindt , allows convenient motion transduction with multiple independent Vishal Shah 1, Ricardo Jimenez-Martinez 2; 1NIST, USA; probe fields at different wavelengths. This enables the first direct 2University of Colorado at Boulder, USA comparison between temperature inferences made via in-loop and 430 out-of-loop transduced signals. Stark differences are observed, with serious over-estimation of cooling possible in the standard We describe recent work at NIST-Boulder to develop highly in-loop inference. Finally, we will discuss the route to ground-state miniaturized, low-power atomic magnetometers based on micro- cooling in this system. fabricated alkali vapor cells and diode lasers. These instruments have sensor head volumes in the range of 10 mm3, require no cooling, and can reach sensitivities below 10 fT/rtHz, comparable ACOLS Posters to the sensitivity of SQUID magnetometers. We discuss the limits to recent measurements and applications to nuclear magnetic Union Building Eclipse/Equinox, 18:00, Monday resonance and biomagnetic imaging. Role of Spatial Inhomogeneity in Dissociation of Trapped Molecular Condensates 13A ACOLS : Quantum Optics 3 Magnus Ögren, Karén Kheruntsyan; University of N102, 15:50 – 17:10, Thursday Queensland, Australia Appearance of Chaotic Attractors from Quantum 1, Poster Trajectories We theoretically analyze dissociation of a harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensate of molecular dimers and examine how Justin Bewsher, André R.R. Carvalho, Joseph J. Hope; the spatial inhomogeneity of the condensate affects the conversion Australian National University, Australia dynamics and the atom-atom pair correlations in the short-time 431 limit. Both fermionic and bosonic statistics of the constituent atoms are considered. Using the undepleted molecular field ap- We investigate the appearance of strange attractors starting from proximation, we obtain explicit analytic results for the short-time a quantum system whose classical analogue is chaotic. Because asymptotic behavior of the second-order correlation functions and classical deterministic chaos is well described in terms of single the relative number squeezing between the dissociated atoms in trajectories in phase space, we adopt quantum approaches that be- one, two, and three spatial dimensions. have likewise: We either evolve single stochastic wave functions, or alternatively, describe the dynamics of quantum quasi-probability Ionisation of Atomic Hydrogen with Few-Cycle distributions in terms of classical stochastic trajectories. Since these unravellings of the quantum system in terms of single paths Pulses are not unique, we analyse the quantum-classical transition for Michael G. Pullen 1, William C. Wallace 1, Dane E. different trajectory-based models. Laban 1, Yunquan Q. Liu 1, Friedrich G. Hanne 2, 1 1 1 Non-Classically Correlated Photon Streams Using Robert T. Sang , D. Kielpinski ; Griffith University, 2 Rephased Amplified Spontaneous Emission Australia; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany Patrick Ledingham, William Naylor, Jevon J. Longdell; 2, Poster University of Otago, New Zealand 432 We report the first ever above threshold ionisation of atomic Hydrogen (H) using few-cycle laser pulses. We focus ∼6.5 fs pulses The two pulse photon echo is a coherent transient phenomenon into an H beam and detect the ejected photoelectrons. We measure used as a classical memory for light. This protocol has advantages the dependence of ionisation rate on laser intensity. over others in that it is highly efficient, temporally multimode and wide band. In the quantum regime, these echoes exhibit noise due Picosecond X-Ray Source Based on an Amplified to amplified spontaneous emission. We show that with a rephasing pulse one can get an “echo” of the amplified spontaneous emission, Femtosecond Ti:Sapphire Laser leading to temporally multimode, wide bandwidth photon streams B.D. Morrison, Lachlan J. McKimmie, Trevor A. Smith; with non-classical correlations in time. University of Melbourne, Australia EPR Entanglement in Asymmetric Systems 3, Poster Katherine Wagner, Jean-François Morizur, Jiri We report on the development of a high repetition rate picosecond x-ray source based on a femtosecond Titanium:Sapphire regen- Janousek, Seiji Armstrong, Ping Koy Lam, Hans A. eratively amplified laser system. Factors influencing the photon Bachor; Australian National University, Australia flux and wavelength range achievable from such a system will 433 be outlined. Applications in imaging and kinetic studies will be Entangled beams of light have been proposed for use as a resource discussed. in many quantum systems. One experimental challenge encountered in continuous variable optical entanglement is the inevitable Real-Time Dynamics of Electron Localization existence of losses in the system, which ultimately degrade the Observed in a Dissociating Molecule entanglement that can be used and measured. The deterioration Irina A. Bocharova, Maia Magrakvelidze, Sankar De, of the entangled state when losses exist in different parts of the experiment is discussed. Two different measures of entanglement, I.V. Litvinyuk; Kansas State University, USA inseparability and EPR entanglement, are compared. 4, Poster In a pump-probe experiment, we measured dependence of yields and kinetic energies for symmetric N2+ +N2+ (2,2) and asymmetric

47 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

3+ + 4+ N +N (3,1) dissociation channels of N2 on time delay between about 546nm and a depth of 30nm. Thus we demonstrate that the few-cycle 800 nm pump and probe pulses. We observe that the azopolymer (poly(2-4-[2-(4-cyano-phenyl)-diazenyl]- phenyloxy- asymmetric (3,1) channel is produced only for delays of up to 20 fs ethyl methacrylate)-co-methyl methacrylate)) is a promising and completely suppressed for longer delays. The symmetric (2,2) photosensitive material for polymer WG or POF gratings. channel is efficiently produced for all studied delays. We interpret that observation as an indication that the unpaired electron in Enhanced Absorption in Woodpile Metallic Photonic 3+ dissociating N2 is completely localized on one of the ions after Crystals for Modified Thermal Emission 20 fs. Md. Muntasir Hossain, Baohua Jia, Guangyong Zhou, Fluorescence Measurements of Christmas Island Min Gu; Swinburne University of Technology, Australia Stalagmite Banding 9, Poster Kimberley Birt, John Holdsworth, Kurtis Reuter, Metallic photonic crystals (MPCs) are artificial periodic metallic Benjamin Duck, Bruce King, Russell Drysdale; structures with unique electromagnetic (EM) features and applications. MPCs have the potential to possess large complete photonic University of Newcastle, Australia bandgaps and also enhanced absorptions. Here, we investigate 5, Poster the properties of the enhanced absorption with the structural The fluorescence from organic residue incorporated in seasonal parameters of MPCs along with their bandgaps. growth of stalagmites offers a snapshot of climatic conditions in past millennia. Fluorescence from prepared specimens may be Femtosecond Laser Processing of Silica Glasses with measured routinely with millimetre spatial precision however the Varying Hydroxyl Concentrations residue bands contain finer detail that this work seeks to resolve. 1 2 3 4 Banding is evident in measured fluorescence from humic and fulvic M. Lancry , N. Groothoff , S. Guizard , W. Yang ,B. acids with a spatial resolution of 250 μm using multimode optical Poumellec 1, P.G. Kazansky 4, John Canning 2; 1ICMMO, fibres and 325 nm HeCd laser excitation. Single mode fibres offer France; 2University of Sydney, Australia; 3Laboratoire the potential for even greater resolution at the expense of signal 4 throughput. des Solides Irradiés, France; University of Southampton, UK 2 1 Optogalvanic Spectroscopy of the F7/2- D[5/2]5/2 10, Poster + Repumper Transition for Yb Optical Frequency The infrared femtosecond laser damage threshold, along with the Standards density and the mean trapping time of electrons excited in the conduction band, is found to be independent of OH content in 1 1 Matthew J. Petrasiunas , Erik W. Streed , Till J. pure silica glass. Weinhold 1, Benjamin Norton 1, Wayne M. Itano 2,D. Kielpinski 1; 1Griffith University, Australia; 2NIST, USA Optimization of Torque Efficiency in the Design of 6, Poster Optically-Driven Microrotors 2 2 + Due to interest in the S1/2- F7/2 transition of Yb for appli- Vincent L.Y. Loke, Theodor Asavei, Timo A. Nieminen, cations as a frequency standard, we have applied optogalvanic Norman R. Heckenberg, Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop; 2 1 + spectroscopy on the 638 nm F7/2- D[5/2]5/2 transition of Yb in University of Queensland, Australia a DC discharge in order to measure isotope and hyperfine splitting 12, Poster of the line. We have observed optogalvanic signals at multiple pressures of Ne buffer gas, finding linewidths of approximately 2 We use a hybrid discrete-dipole approximation/T-matrix method GHz at 5 Torr and 1.5 GHz at 500 mTorr. Showing that Doppler algorithm to computationally model the torque experienced by broadening is dominant below 1 Torr, we have set up sub-Doppler optically-driven microrotors that are mounted to an axle. We sys- optogalvanic spectroscopy and are working on applying this to tematically explore the effects of the most important parameters resolve the splitting of the transition line. of rotors, such as the thickness, length, and width of the arms, in order to maximize the torque efficiency. We show that it is possible Time Resolved Spectroscopy of Photosynthetic to use computational modelling to optimize the design of such Mimics devices. B. Robotham 1, Kenneth P. Ghiggino 1, S.J. Langford 2, Fabrication of Channel Waveguides in Lithium K. Lee 2; 1University of Melbourne, Australia; 2Monash Niobate University, Australia Yi Lu, Benjamin Johnston, Peter Dekker, Judith M. 7, Poster Dawes; Macquarie University, Australia Two covalently linked dyads with a porphyrin as the donor and 13, Poster naphthalene diimide as the acceptor for photo induced electron Lithium niobate channel waveguides have been fabricated by liquid transfer were investigated by both steady state and time resolved phase epitaxy using K O flux on laser-machined lithium niobate spectroscopy. Fluorescence quenching compared to the parent 2 substrates. The laser-driven rapid-prototyping technique can be porphyrin compounds is attributed to ultrafast electron transfer programmed to give machined features of various sizes, and liquid resulting in a charge separated state. The differing extents of phase epitaxy produces high quality single-crystal, lithium niobate quenching between the two dyads are attributed to the length and channels. The surface roughness of the lithium niobate channel flexibility of the covalent linkage. waveguide was measured to be less than 90 nm and they exhibit propagation losses of 0.26 ± 0.04dB/mm at a wavelength of 633 Fabrication of Surface Relief Gratings in nm. Second harmonic generation of 980 nm was demonstrated Azopolymer Films Using Mask Methods using the channel waveguides, indicating that these waveguides Yanhua Luo 1, Wenxuan Wu 2, Xusheng Cheng 2, retain their nonlinear optical properties. Zengchang Li 2, Xiaowu Yu 2, Qijin Zhang 2, Bing Zhu 2, Gang-Ding Peng 1; 1University of New South Wales, Australia; 2USTC, China 8, Poster Surface relief gratings (SRGs) (both long period and normal Bragg SRGs) have been successfully fabricated in azopolymers by amplitude and phase mask technique, due to the migration of the polymer chains. The long period SRGs have periods of about 40μm and the depth of 35nm. Normal Bragg SRGs have periods of

48 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

Quantitative Measurement of Sodium and Potassium Point-by-Point Written Sampled Fiber Bragg Gratings Released from Australian Loy Yang Coal and Pine Matthias Stecher, Robert J. Williams, Graham D. Wood by Using Laser Induced Breakdown Marshall, Michael J. Withford, Graham E. Town; Spectroscopy Macquarie University, Australia L.J. Hsu 1,Y.Li2, Zeyad T. Alwahabi 1, Graham J. 18, Poster Nathan 1, Z.S. Li 3, M. Aldén 3; 1University of Adelaide, Sampled Fiber Bragg gratings with two predominant reflection Australia; 2Jilin University, China; 3Lund University, peaks have been written into standard optical fibers (SMF-28, Sweden HI1060) by direct ‘Point-by-Point’ writing with a femtosecond laser. Incorporating a periodic π phase shift made it possible to cancel 14, Poster out the zero-order reflection and creating multiple reflection peaks. The quantitative release of potassium and sodium of single Loy The period of the phase shift determined the spacing between Yang coal and pine wood particles during combustion has been the reflection peaks, enabling fabrication of sampled gratings for recorded by using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) various applications. with a calibration flame. Results were performed under equivalence ratio (Φ) 1.336 with air flow rate 6.45 l·s−1. The peak release Application of Full-Wave Electromagnetic Solvers to of potassium and sodium from single coal, 23±3 mg, and wood, Micro/Nano-Structured Fibres 63±3 mg, particles occurred at the end of char combustion. The strongest release amount of potassium of coal and wood were 55 Shaghik Atakaramians, Hendrik Franke, Derek Abbott, and 330 ppb, respectively, and sodium of coal and wood were 130 Tanya M. Monro, Christophe Fumeaux; University of and 190 ppb respectively. Adelaide, Australia 19, Poster ACOFT Posters The progress of full-field electromagnetic tools coupled to in- Union Building Eclipse/Equinox, 18:00, Monday creasingly powerful computing hardware offer the possibility of modelling accurately micro/nano-structured fibres. Together Impedance of Square and Triangular Lattice with the advances in fabrication methods, this opens the door to the realization of optimized designs with growing complexity. Photonic Crystals Three examples of simulations are presented here to illustrate Felix J. Lawrence 1, Lindsay C. Botten 2, Kokou B. the application of general-purpose electromagnetic solvers to 2 1 1 the analysis of micro/nano-structured fibres. Using appropriate Dossou , C. Martijn de Sterke , R.C. McPhedran ; numerical tools, the mode propagation in a fibre, the optimised 1 2 University of Sydney, Australia; University of coupling into a fibre from an incident field distribution, and the Technology Sydney, Australia near-field diffraction patterns from a fibre tip can be characterized. 15, Poster Towards a Refractive Index Sensor Utilizing We give a rigorous, semi-analytic definition of impedance for square and triangular (hexagonal) lattice 2D photonic crystals Nanostructures Surface Plasmon Resonance on the (PCs). Our impedance takes the form of a small matrix, and End-Face of an Optical Fibre can be used efficiently to calculate reflections and transmissions Huy Nguyen 1, Marko Milicevic 2, Ann Roberts 2, between PCs, in the basis of the PCs’ Bloch modes (eigenstates). 1 1 3 Armed with a library of PC impedances, we can quickly evaluate Gregory W. Baxter , Stephen F. Collins , Tim J. Davis ; the reflection and transmission properties of arbitrary structural 1Victoria University, Australia; 2University of combinations of PCs, using only fast matrix calculations. In this Melbourne, Australia; 3CSIRO, Australia way structures with desirable reflective or transmissive properties, 20, Poster such as antireflection coatings, may be efficiently found from a large pool of possible structures. An array of nanostructure apertures was fabricated onto the end surface of an optical fibre using a focused ion beam milling Running Rings Around Photonic Crystal Fibre technique. Interaction of light with this structured metal film leads to the development of an optical fibre surface plasmon resonance Thomas Grujic, Boris T. Kuhlmey, C. Martijn de Sterke; (SPR) sensor that senses the refractive index changes by means of University of Sydney, Australia measuring the transmission power at a metal/liquid interface. 16, Poster Pump Contribution to Linewidth of Er-Doped We numerically predict and tailor a geometry of solid core photonic bandgap fibre capable of guiding light over an octave of frequency Distributed-Feedback Fibre Lasers (in particular over the entire visible spectrum), based on an array Scott Foster, Alexei Tikhomirov; DSTO, Australia of raised-index dielectric rings. We also give an explanation of the 21, Poster origin of this wide bandgap, and present a simple analytic model which reproduces the important spectral features of these fibres. We give a new theoretical expression for pump induced frequency fluctuations in DFB-FL and present the results of our experimental Optimisation of the Soliton Self-Frequency Shift in a investigations on the effect of pump fluctuations on DFB-FL fre- Tapered Photonic Crystal Fibre quency noise and linewidth. We find that the pump contribution to frequency noise is 15dB higher for 980nm pumping than 1480nm A.C. Judge 1, O. Bang 2, Benjamin J. Eggleton 1, Boris T. pumping at equivalent powers, in line with theoretical predictions. Kuhlmey 1, Eric C. Mägi 1, Ravi Pant 1, C. Martijn Cooperative energy transfer effects are shown to have a signifi- 1 1 cant impact on frequency noise and can give rise to substantial de Sterke ; University of Sydney, Australia; linewidth broadening. 2Technical University of Denmark, Denmark 17, Poster Efficient Coupling of Emission of Embedded Single Soliton propagation is simulated in a tapered photonic crystal fiber Photon Sources Within Optical Fibres with the purpose of optimising the soliton self-frequency shift. Matthew R. Henderson 1, Shahraam Afshar V. 1, An optimal degree of tapering is found to exist for tapers with an 2 1 axially uniform waist. In the case of axially nonuniform waists, Andrew D. Greentree , Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem , an additional enhancement of the soliton self-frequency shift is Tanya M. Monro 1; 1University of Adelaide, Australia; achieved by varying the taper waist diameter along its length in a 2University of Melbourne, Australia carefully designed fashion in order to avoid the spectral recoil due 22, Poster to the emission of dispersive waves. We investigate the coupling of single photon emission from diamond colour centres embedded within the fibre core into the fibre’s guided modes. By approximating diamond colour centre emission

49 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia as a dipole, we investigate the capture power for different core We report progress towards realising practical, efficient mid- sizes and for various locations and orientations of the emitting infrared sources based on four-wave mixing in soft-glass mi- dipole. We then use finite-difference time domain methods to crostructured optical fibres with tailored dispersion. check predictions of this calculation. Post-Processing of Self-Assembled Supramolecular Electric Field Sensor Based on a Multi-Channel Structures Directional-Coupler with an Electro-Optic Polymer John Canning 1, Brant C. Gibson 2, George Huyang 1, Ravi J. McCosker, Graham E. Town; Macquarie Tony Khoury 1, Tze Jing Sum 1, C. Neto 1, Maxwell J. University, Australia Crossley 1; 1University of Sydney, Australia; 2University 23, Poster of Melbourne, Australia We describe a novel electric field sensor based on a multi-channel 28, Poster directional-coupler buried in an electro-optic polymer cladding A focused ion beam (FIB) is used to process 2-D self-assembled that infiltrates the gap region between the individual waveguides. photonic porphyrin film flats to fabricate couplers in 2-D porphyrin This sensor uses the electro-optic polymer to modify the coupling slabs. These self-assembled structures have an initial root mean between adjacent waveguides and hence the optical transmittance squared (rms) values for surface roughness < 0.5 nm as measured of the device. This new type of electric field sensor does not by atomic force microscopy. Under appropriate FIB processing and require electrodes and can operate in a uniform electric field. Since cutting conditions, the rms value for surface roughness falls to < the device is all-dielectric, there is only minimal disturbance to the 0.4 nm. field being measured and complete electrical isolation. Observation of Focusing to Defocusing Crossover in Novel Splice-Free Distributed Feedback Fibre Laser Nonlinear Two-Dimensional Periodic Structures Array Architecture Francis H. Bennet, Inés A. Amuli, Dragomir N. Neshev, Alexei Tikhomirov, Scott Foster; DSTO, Australia Andrey A. Sukhorukov, Wieslaw Z. Krolikowski, Yuri S. 24, Poster Kivshar; Australian National University, Australia A novel splice-free distributed fibre laser array architecture using 29, Poster a double-core fibre where one of the cores is active is proposed. A tapered section of the fibre provides strong evanescent coupling We investigate the effect of crossover from discrete to homo- between the cores, and transfer of both the pump and signal geneous of a two-dimensional (2D) periodic photonic structure energy between the cores. Optimum design for typical active fibre determined by its refractive index modulation. We use the cladding parameters is demonstrated and light coupling during tapering of an infiltrated photonic crystal fibre (PCF) to obtain a temperature process is simulated. tuned hexagonal array of optical waveguides and show that the nonlinear self-action of a narrow input beam can be switched from An Analytic Treatment of Shallow Photonic Crystal discrete self-focusing to defocusing by tuning the refractive index Waveguides contrast of the structure. Sahand Mahmoodian 1, Christopher G. Poulton 2, Multipole Method for Modeling Linear Defects in Kokou B. Dossou 2, R.C. McPhedran 1, Lindsay C. Photonic Woodpiles 2 1 1 Botten , C. Martijn de Sterke ; University of Sydney, Dougal J. Kan, Ara A. Asatryan, Christopher G. 2 Australia; University of Technology Sydney, Australia Poulton, Lindsay C. Botten; University of Technology 25, Poster Sydney, Australia We investigate the formation of photonic crystal waveguides 30, Poster (PCWs) within the framework of perturbation theory. We derive We extend the multipole method to allow for rod-type defects in a differential equation for the envelope function of PCW modes woodpiles composed of cylinders. A coupled resonator optical constructed by making weak periodic perturbations, and show that waveguide (CROW) and a linear waveguide are considered, where it can be mapped onto an equivalent slab waveguide problem. By each waveguide is embedded in a woodpile cladding. For both using this model, we demonstrate that the nature of the projected structures, low-loss waveguiding is observed (Q ≈ 1×104−3×104). band structure and corresponding Bloch functions is central to the Decreasing the radius of the defect rod shifts the transmission behaviour of PCW modes. With this understanding, we explain why resonances to shorter wavelengths. The reflection and transmis- the odd mode in a hexagonal PCW spans the entire Brillouin zone sion coefficients of the woodpile are derived for the case of normal while the even mode is cut off. incidence in the long-wavelength limit and it is shown that both the Transverse Strain Sensing Using Transmission Dips individual layers and the entire assemblage of layers homogenise to one-dimensional dielectric slabs having permittivities as given at Twice the Fibre Bragg Grating Wavelength below. Harpreet K. Bal 1, Fotios Sidiroglou 1, Sui P. Yam 1, Doped Porous Polymers on Optical Fibres for Zourab Brodzeli 1, Scott A. Wade 2, Gregory W. Baxter 1, Fluorescence Based Detection of Aluminium Ions Stephen F. Collins 1; 1Victoria University, Australia; 1 1 1 2Monash University, Australia Silvia Tejedor , Claire E. Davis , Grant McAdam , 1 2 1 26, Poster David Cannon , Ben Cumming ; DSTO, Australia; 2 The effect of transverse strain on fibre Bragg gratings fabricated Swinburne University of Technology, Australia using a phase mask with 536-nm pitch was investigated through 31, Poster the study of its reflection features at twice the Bragg wavelength This paper reports on strategies for optimising the sensing perfor- near 1552 nm, which are due to FBG periodicities associated with mance of a doped porous polymer bead attached to the end of an the phase mask periodicity and results in a type of π-phase-shifted optical fibre. The dopant is designed to fluoresce in the presence of grating. Both of the two peaks in the reflection spectrum exhibited aluminium ions which are often an indicator of the early stages of splitting, in a manner that is consistent with previous results, and corrosion in aluminium structures. The degree of porosity of the could be used as a practical strain sensor. polymer, the level of dopant concentration and the bead size and shape are investigated as variables to maximise the fluorescence Mid-IR Sources Based on Four-Wave Mixing in response to aluminium ions in the surrounding environment. Microstructured Optical Fibres Richard T. White, Wen Qi Zhang, Shahraam Afshar V., Tanya M. Monro; University of Adelaide, Australia 27, Poster

50 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

Tuning the Thermal Stability of Type I Fibre Bragg opposite manner. The microwave effect as a structural relaxation Gratings catalyst appears unexpected, even if the overall gain in fiber John Canning, M. Åslund, M. Stevenson, Kevin Cook; strength is not high, but the stress corrosion factor revealed significant increase in certain simulation conditions. University of Sydney, Australia 32, Poster Optical Phase Locking for 100Gb/s DQPSK Pre-annealing of type I gratings at increasing temperatures below Remodulation for Up-Stream Transmission in regeneration is shown to thermally stabilise the gratings to tem- Passive Optical Access Networks peratures as high as 600◦C. This allows optimisation of the grating 1 2 1 strength and the temperature stability to suit the application. It Le Nguyen Binh , Nhut Khai Hoan Tran ; Monash also raises questions about the fundamental assumptions made in University, Australia; 2Can Tho University, Vietnam glass annealing studies and prediction. 37, Poster Towards Microstructured-Fibre-Based Optical This paper demonstrates a technique for upstream modulation of lightwave carrier embedded in the downstream modulated optical Parametric Oscillators for Ultra-Short-Pulse Sources channels. Optical phase locking is employed to extract and lock in the Near-Infrared the local oscillator to exact the frequency of the down steam Wen Qi Zhang 1, Jay E. Sharping 2, Richard T. White 1, channel. Advanced modulation format DQPSK is targeted for 100 Gb/s in both down- and up-stream transmission in passive optical 1 1 1 Tanya M. Monro , Shahraam Afshar V. ; University networks. of Adelaide, Australia; 2University of California at Merced, USA Inscription of Bragg Gratings in Chalcogenide 33, Poster Optical Fibre Using 532nm Radiation 1 2 2 We have designed a fibre optical parametric oscillator for ef- Kevin Cook , Nicolas Ducros , Sébastien Février , ficient generation of high-peak-power ultra-short pulses in the John Canning 1, Ajoy K. Kar 3; 1University of Sydney, near-infrared. A generic algorithm is used to optimise the design Australia; 2XLIM, France; 3Heriot-Watt University, UK parameters of a tellurite microstructured optical fibre for efficient 38, Poster four-wave mixing. Using the optimised fibre, we predict the generation of signal pulses with 300 fs duration (FWHM) and peak The inscription of Bragg gratings in As2S2 optical fibre using power of 1.6 kW at 880 nm using pump pulses of 500 fs and peak a simple Lloyd’s interferometer with the 532nm output from power of 5 kW at 1560 nm. a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser is demonstrated. Grating strengths of >5dB are produced. Grating Writing with 355nm Wavelength in Polymer Optical Fibre Doped with Benzildimethylketal Laser Diode Stability Yanhua Luo 1, Huiyong Liu 1, Qijin Zhang 2, Gang-Ding Peter M. Farrell, Peter M. Dower, Kerry Hinton; Peng 1; 1University of New South Wales, Australia; University of Melbourne, Australia 2USTC, China 39, Poster 34, Poster Standard models of laser diodes have been shown to be stable over a wide range of operating conditions. We report writing polymer optical fibre(POF) grating in photosensitive POF doped with benzildimethylketal using a 355nm laser for the first time. The photosensitive POF was made using Teflon Fabrication Process Development and technique, with the diameter of 290.6μm and the core diameter Characterisation of Compact Chalcogenide Planar of 21.0μm. The gratings were written using the modified Sagnac Waveguides Having Low Loss system with a 355nm pulsed laser. The formation of FBGs was monitored in real by detecting their reflection. And due to the Duk-Yong Choi, Steve Madden, Douglas A.P. Bulla, multimode POF used, there are four modes reflected but the Barry Luther-Davies; Australian National University, reflection efficiency is not that high. Australia 40, Poster Raman Amplifier Stability We present the fabrication process development and the charac- Peter M. Dower, Peter M. Farrell; University of terisation of sub-micron thick As2S3 waveguides. Thin PMMA and Melbourne, Australia BARC were employed as protective layers prior to photo-resist 35, Poster patterning in order to prevent the attack of alkaline developer. The propagation losses of ∼0.2 and 0.6 dB/cm were measured This paper presents the main steps of a formal proof of stability from 4 micron and 2 micron wide waveguides in 0.85 micron thick for a class of Raman amplifier partial differential equation (PDE) film. Slight higher loss in TM mode may be resulted from the models that find common application in the literature. The proof etched, rough sidewalls. Compactness and low attenuation of the utilizes dissipative system theory as generalized to the infinite waveguides strongly support their application in planar integrated dimensional phase space dynamics that attends such models. The nonlinear optical devices. result establishes rigorously the positive invariance and stability of dynamics exhibited by these models. Chirped Fibre Grating with Nonlinear Effective Structural Relaxation and Ageing Phenomena in Index Modulation Silica Optical Fibres Binbin Yan 1, Gang-Ding Peng 2, Chongxiu Yu 1, 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 Daxiong Xu ,MoLi , Yanhua Luo ; BUPT, China; Irina Severin , M. Caramihai , K. Chung , G. Tasca , 2 T. Park 2,D.Yoo2; 1POLITEHNICA University of University of New South Wales, Australia 41, Poster Bucharest, Romania; 2Seoul National University, Korea 36, Poster A direct and efficient nonlinear effective index modulation (NEIM) technique for shaping group delay characteristics of chirped fibre The current study has investigated the ageing phenomena of Bragg grating (CFBG) is presented. The characteristics of CFBG with silica optical fibres in relation to water activity which might be NEIM are investigated. The NEIM technique has good flexibility to accelerated when exposed to a supplementary energy, such as realize desirable group delay characteristics for dispersion slope microwaves. A controlled stress by winding fibres onto accurate compensation and other applications. diameter mandrel was applied. Taking into account that normally a decrease in fibre strength is induced in time by chemical action of water, the effects of cumulative reagents (water, applied stress, supplementary energy — microwave) in some cases acted in the

51 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

3D Mapping of Spontaneous Emission Decay tem with temporal resolution <500-fs, making use of a 7-cm Lifetime from Quantum Dots Infiltrated into short chalcogenide planar waveguide. Its high nonlinearity and Photonic Crystals dispersion-shifted design enables broadband operation without compromising the achieved resolution. Zongsong Gan 1, Baohua Jia 1, Jiafang Li 1, Jingfeng Liu 2, Xuehua Wang 2, Min Gu 1; 1Swinburne University Analysis and Experiment of Gradient-Index Fibre of Technology, Australia; 2Sun Yat-Sen University, Collimators for Fibre Sensing China Mo Li 1, Jingmin Dai 2, Gang-Ding Peng 1; 1University of 42, Poster New South Wales, Australia; 2Harbin Institute of To realise three-dimensional (3D) mapping of spontaneous emis- Technology, China sion (SE) decay lifetime from quantum dots (QDs) inside photonic 48, Poster crystals (PCs), core/shell QDs with emission in the telecommunication region and 3D woodpile PCs with a stopgap matching the The coupling characteristics of gradient-index fibre collimators are QD emission are fabricated. A system which can map the SE decay analysed for fibre sensing based on Gaussian field approximation lifetime distribution three-dimensionally is built up. and ray transformation theory. Relations between the coupling loss and the misalignments are obtained. It is predicted that the A Smart Transducer Interface Module for Fibre all-fibre gradient-index fibre collimators could reduce nearly 10 Bragg Grating Sensors dB with additional tolerance to alignment, in comparison with the systems without it. Experimental tests are carried out with a 1550 Graham Wild, Steven Hinckley; Edith Cowan nm laser source and the results agree well with the prediction. University, Australia 43, Poster ACOLS Posters In this work we present a Smart Transducer Interface Module Union Building Eclipse/Equinox, 17:20, Wednesday (STIM) for fibre Bragg grating sensors. The STIM is designed to directly detect intensity modulated signals, or convert spectrally modulated signals into intensity modulated signals. The STIM is Direct Femtosecond Laser Written Waveguides in 3+ a general purpose interface that has been designed to interface Bulk Ti :Sapphire with fibre Bragg grating sensors. The STIM is made up of two Simon Gross, Michael J. Withford, Alexander Fuerbach; optical fibre receivers, a differential amplifier and a digital signal processor. The two received signals are differentially amplified to Macquarie University, Australia increase sensitivity and the signal-to-noise ratio. The STIM was 50, Poster tested using an optical fibre Bragg grating strain sensor. We report on direct inscription of waveguides in titanium-doped sapphire with an ultrafast oscillator. The fabricated waveguides Feasibility Investigation of Innovative Photonic are formed in-between two damage regions, a technique which has Crystal Fiber Sensors for Medical Application been applied to other crystalline materials but not in Ti3+:Sapphire, yet. The damage regions’ sizes show a significant dependency on Tommaso Palmisano, Luca A. Allegretti, Marco the writing polarization. Furthermore a strong birefringence was De Sario, Luciano Mescia, Francesco Prudenzano; observed in the written structures. Two waveguides that support Politecnico di Bari, Italy orthogonal polarized modes are formed between each pair of 44, Poster damage lines. The propagation properties are characterized in terms of their near field profiles and insertion loss with respect to The feasibility investigation of methadone detectors, based on the writing parameters. novel photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) having a polymeric cladding, operating as sensitive layer, is performed. The sensor character- Thermal Poling Studies of Phosphorous-Doped istics have been simulated by varying the optical and geometrical parameters by means of a Finite Element Method (FEM) numerical Silicon Dioxide Planar Waveguides code. The obtained results suggest that a suitable fiber cross Huai-Yi Chen, Hung-Yi Lin; Huafan University, Taiwan section design can enhance the evanescent field interaction with 51, Poster the methadone, permeated into the polymeric layer from the aqueous/biological solution, thus increasing the sensor sensitivity. Phosphorous (P)-doped silicon dioxide (SiO2) nonlinear planar waveguides on fused silica substrate were fabricated using plasma- Fabrication of Phase-Shifted Fibre Bragg Gratings enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and thermal poling technique. All second-harmonic (SH) signals of poled P-doped with Non-Uniform Etching SiO2 planar waveguides are found stronger than those of bare Zourab Brodzeli 1, Harpreet K. Bal 1, Fotios Sidiroglou 1, fused silica for various poling conditions. The P-doped SiO2 Nicoleta Dragomir 1, François Ladouceur 2; 1Victoria planar waveguides display lower/shorter threshold value of poling temperature/duration than bare fused silica. University, Australia; 2University of New South Wales, Australia Alkyl Chain Control of the Formation of 46, Poster Self-Assembled Monolayers, Iridescent Microrods A novel method for producing phase-shifted FBGs is proposed and and Crystals of Alkylporphyrins of Potential Use in demonstrated in this paper. It is based on the non-uniform etching Photonics of a fibre Bragg grating (FBG) containing optical waveguide. John Canning, Tony Khoury, Paul Jensen, George High-Resolution Optical Sampling in Huyang, Tze Jing Sum, Yiing Chin, Jeffrey R. Reimers, Dispersion-Shifted Highly Nonlinear Chalcogenide Maxwell J. Crossley; University of Sydney, Australia Waveguides 52, Poster Feng Luan 1, Jürgen Van Erps 1, Mark D. Pelusi 1, Tim 5,10,15,20-Tetralkylporphyrins are a novel class of such com- Iredale 1, Steve Madden 2, Duk-Yong Choi 2, pounds that are essentially planar structures with long alkyl chains that can be used to orient the molecules on surfaces, in micro rods 2 2 Douglas A.P. Bulla , Barry Luther-Davies , Hugo grown on surfaces and in crystals, potentially making them useful Thienpont 3, Benjamin J. Eggleton 1; 1University of for self-assembled photonic applications. Self-assembled monolay- Sydney, Australia; 2Australian National University, ers of tetraalkylporphyrins formed on HOPG are shown by scanning 3 tunnelling microscopy (STM) to form ordered close-packed planar Australia; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium arrays. The alkyl chains still control the self-assembly despite 47, Poster when one alkyl chain is replaced by a polar, essentially planar, We demonstrate a photonic-chip-based optical sampling sys- nitro group as revealed by X-ray diffraction studies of 5-nitro-

52 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

A Pulse Stacked and Gain-Switched Holmium-Doped 10,15,20-triheptylporphyrin [(C7H15)3-NO2P] prepared from direct precipitation from dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). We conclude that Fibre Laser Operating at a High Repetition Rate the observed structure also likely forms the backbone in iridescent Ka Wu 1, Shayne Bennetts 2, David G. Lancaster 2, micro-rods of (C H ) -NO P and the micro-wires formed by 7 15 3 2 1 1 3 related nitro-trialkylporphyrins. Jesper Munch , David Ottaway , Stuart Jackson ; 1University of Adelaide, Australia; 2DSTO, Australia; Highly Ordered, Free-Standing Silver Nano-Wire 3University of Sydney, Australia Arrays: Fabrication and Optical Properties 57, Poster Jing-Hua Fang, Ling Lin, Ann Roberts, Paul Spizzirri, We demonstrate the first short pulse gain-switched Ho-doped fibre Steven Prawer; University of Melbourne, Australia laser pumped by a gain-switched 1.9 μm Tm-doped fibre laser. Up to 21 W of peak power with a pulse width of 150 ns was obtained 53, Poster at a repetition rate of 80 kHz. An investigation of pulse stacking to We report the fabrication of large area, free-standing silver reduce the pulse width and increase peak power resulted in shorter nano-wire arrays fabricated using nano-porous alumina tem- output pulses of 70ns, and an increased peak power of 43 W. plates. Aqueous silver ions are initially diffused throughout the template channels followed by a chemical reduction into silver A High Power Composite Zigzag Slab Laser for nano-particles; they then form silver nano-wires in a subsequent Gravitational Wave Interferometry thermal annealing step. Nano-wires produced by this method are highly ordered with high aspect ratios making them potential David J. Hosken, Damien Mudge, Peter J. Veitch, Jesper candidates for optical metamaterials. Preliminary measurements Munch; University of Adelaide, Australia of the optical properties of these nano-structures are presented. 58, Poster Thermal Lens Study of CW Self-Raman Laser in We describe an end-pumped, side-cooled, double-clad cw Nd:YAG Nd:GdVO Pumped by 880nm Laser-Diode slab laser that is suitable for high output power applications. The 4 five layer composite slab structure and end pumping minimises J. Lin, H.M. Pask, A.J. Lee, David J. Spence; Macquarie the effects of thermally induced birefringence while allowing University, Australia optimisation of the pump geometry, gain distribution and thermal lens behaviour. This slab architecture will be used to produce a 54, Poster deployable, single frequency, >50 W diffraction-limited output, We have investigated the factors affecting beam quality of injection-locked laser for use at the Australian Consortium for a continuous-wave self-Raman/frequency-doubled laser in Interferometric Gravitational Astronomy test facility in Western Nd:GdVO4 based on 880nm laser-diode pumping. The ther- Australian. The latest power scaling results and beam quality mal lens of the Nd:GdVO4 crystal was measured as a function of measurements using an improved slab mounting technique will be diode pumping spots size, in both high-Q and low-Q cavities, and reported. the results used to design intracavity Raman laser resonators for high beam quality output at 1173nm (first Stokes) and at 586.5nm Power Scaling of Cryogenically Cooled High Power (intracavity frequency-doubled first Stokes. A maximum output Solid State Laser power was 1.25 W at 1173 nm and 800 mW at 586.5 nm. The M2 2 2 2 at 1173nm is Mx=1.09, My =1.27, and at 586.5 nm is Mx=1.70, Miftar Ganija, David Ottaway, David J. Hosken, Peter J. 2 My =1.55. A Findlay-Clay analysis has also been employed to mea- Veitch, Jesper Munch; University of Adelaide, Australia sure the overall losses of both self-Raman and frequency-doubled 59, Poster cavities. Power scaling in solid-state lasers is limited by thermally induced A Dual Stabilized Master Laser System for DIAL distortion and birefringence. It is well known that the thermal characteristics of YAG improve significantly at cryogenic temper- Alex Dinovitser, Murray W. Hamilton, Robert Vincent; atures, but these advantages have not been exploited in robust, University of Adelaide, Australia power scalable designs. We report on the design and preliminary 55, Poster results of a high power Yb:YAG slab system operation at cryogenic temperatures. Profiling atmospheric constituents with Differential Absorption LIDAR (DIAL) is a promising method for atmospheric research. Increasing the Sensitivity of Plasmonic Sensors by Profiling atmospheric water vapor with DIAL for weather forecast- ing offers very high sensitivity with potentially high accuracy and Means of Nanofluidics resolution. However, DIAL requires very good wavelength stability Martin L. Kurth 1, Dmitri K. Gramotnev 2; 1Queensland at an absorption line, stabilization at another closely-spaced University of Technology, Australia; 2Nanophotonics wavelength, and good spectral purity. In this paper we describe a novel low-cost system using two stabilized continuous-wave Pty. Ltd., Australia master lasers diodes and a single laser amplifier. The system 61, Poster wavelength control, timing, laser amplification and spectral purity This research evaluates the use of nanofluidics as a mechanism for considerations are discussed. the delivery of residual vapour molecules to a nanoscale aperture, for their subsequent optical detection. The finite element analysis Instabilities and Chaos in Optically Injected is used to calculate and optimise the flow rate of air through Semiconductor Lasers the apertures of different diameters with “partial slip” boundary Furat A.M. Al-Saymari, Imad Al-Deen H.A. Al-Saidi; conditions. The rate of molecule delivery to the field hot spots in the apertures by means of nanofluidics is then evaluated and University of Basrah, Iraq used for the determination of the enhanced detection sensitivity 56, Poster by optical means. We study the stability of the optically injected semiconductor laser using the single-mode rate equations. Bifurcation sequences New Nano-Focusing Structure leading to chaos obtained through variation the laser control Shiaw Juen Tan 1, Dmitri K. Gramotnev 2; 1Queensland parameters, such as, the laser frequency detuning and the gain 2 saturation, over a wide range of laser operating conditions. We University of Technology, Australia; Nanophotonics find that variation of the ratio of the carrier and photon lifetimes Pty. Ltd., Australia can induce dramatic changes in the features of the observed 62, Poster instabilities and may bifurcate into a regime of sustained stable In this paper, we investigate a new nano-focusing structure that oscillations of period-one with a single limit-cycle attractor. consists of a tapered dielectric layer on a metal surface (with the permittivity of the dielectric greater than the magnitude of the metal permittivity). It is demonstrated that when a surface plasmon propagates in the direction of increasing thickness of

53 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia the dielectric layer, not only its localisation and local field are In order to describe the dynamics of 2D matter-wave soliton ana- increased, but it also experiences back-reflection from a caustic, lytically we use the effective Hamiltonian theory. We also present while continuing to experience nano-focusing. This is shown to numerical studies of the soliton evolution in the system. occur due to efficient transformation of plasmonic modes at the caustic. The BCS-BEC Crossover and the Single Impurity Anderson Model Localised Plasmons Beyond the Electrostatic Limit S.F. Caballero Benítez 1, Joel Corney 2, M. Gulácsí 3; Mark Turner, Min Gu; Swinburne University of 1Australian National University, Australia; 2University Technology, Australia 3 63, Poster of Queensland, Australia; MPI-PKS, Germany 68, Poster Localised plamon resonances (LPRs) within metallic nanoparticles are well understood in the electrostatic limit. However, in the In this paper we relate the BCS-BEC crossover problem with the non-electrostatic limit Coulomb interactions become significantly single impurity Anderson model. We establish the equivalence of retarded causing red-shifts in plasmon resonances. Here we the models in certain parameter regime and consider the physical 6 theoretically investigate retardation effects on LPRs by extending parameters for the ultracold Li to determine the equivalent mag- previous theoretical models based on Lagrangian formalism. We netic regime of the impurity problem. We propose that the unitary observe red-shifting of plasmon oscillation frequencies in the limit can be studied in terms of the single impurity Anderson regime where retardation is significant and compare analytical model in the valence fluctuation regime. results to other techniques such as Mie scattering and numerical simulations. Getting the Most Out of Your Atom Laser: What is the Best Way to Squeeze an Atom Laser for Surface Plasmon Resonance Manipulation of Precision Measurement? Microparticles in a Microfluidic Device S.A. Haine 1, Mattias Johnsson 2; 1University of Stephen Weber, Daniel Day, Min Gu; Swinburne Queensland, Australia; 2Australian National University of Technology, Australia University, Australia 64, Poster 69, Poster Surface plasmon resonance induced optical effects are utilised We examine various schemes for creating a squeezed atom laser, inside a microfluidic device for the manipulation of microparticles. and compare the amount of squeezing which can be obtained for realistic experimental parameters. The technical challenges of each Coupling Between Cylindrical Surface Plasmon scheme are discussed. Finally, we investigate the ability of each Polariton in Metal Nanowires scheme to increase the sensitivity of a measurement made with an atom interferometer. Wei Liu 1, Dragomir N. Neshev 1, Boris T. Kuhlmey 2, Jing Hou 3, Yuri S. Kivshar 1; 1Australian National Matter-Wave Soliton Tunneling in Driven Potentials 2 University, Australia; University of Sydney, Australia; Kimberley Heenan 1, Mario Salerno 2, Tristram J. 3 National University of Defense Technology, China Alexander 1, Elena A. Ostrovskaya 1; 1Australian 65, Poster National University, Australia; 2Università di Salerno, We study numerically the coupling between two metallic nanowires Italy of equal and different radii. We show that such plasmon coupling 70, Poster breaks the symmetry of the cylindrical surface plasmon polartion (SPP) modes for both even and odd modes. While in the case of We study the dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate, with an equal radii of the metallic nanowires, coupling occurs only for attractive interatomic interaction, trapped in an anharmonic cubic modes of the same symmetry, when the radii are different, plas- and double-well potential, in the presence of weak periodic driving. monic coupling can exist between different higher order modes. We investigate, numerically and analytically, the dependence the tunneling behaviour of a bright soliton on the frequency of Effect of Oscillation Frequency Shift on the driving. Regions of trapping and transport are observed for Photorefractive Phase-Shift in Single Photorefractive different driving frequencies. Ring Resonators Correlation Measurements in a Bose-Einstein M.K. Maurya, T.K. Yadav, R.A. Yadav; Banaras Hindu Condensate of Metastable Helium University, India Sean S. Hodgman, Andrew G. Manning, Robert G. Dall, 66, Poster Mattias Johnsson, Andrew G. Truscott; Australian Amplification of the light beam due to two beam coupling in pho- National University, Australia torefractive materials has been analyzed in the strong nonlinear 71, Poster regime. The signal beam can be amplified in the presence of material absorption, provided the gain due to the beam coupling is We report on recent changes to our metastable helium Bose-Einstein large enough to overcome the cavity losses. Such amplification is condensate experiment, with the installation of a new microchan- responsible for the oscillations. The gain bandwidth is only a few nel plate and delay-line detector providing the opportunity to Hz. In spite of such an extremely narrow bandwidth, unidirectional measure single atoms with high temporal and spatial resolution. oscillation can be observed easily at any cavity length in ring This will allow us to observe quantum correlation effects such resonators by using photorefractive crystals as the medium and as the Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect with massive particles. We this can be explained in terms of the photorefractive phase-shift. present measurements characterising the new detection system and preliminary results for a correlation function describing the Transport and Stability of Two-Dimensional quantum statistics of the atoms. Matter-Wave Solitons in a Driven Optical Lattice Efficient Stochastic Simulations Using a Novel 1 2 Jasur A. Abdullaev , Dario Poletti , Elena A. Number-Phase Wigner Representation and 1 1 1 Ostrovskaya , Yuri S. Kivshar ; Australian National Non-Classical Probability Distribution Sampling 2 University, Australia; National University of Technique Singapore, Singapore 67, Poster M.R. Hush, André R.R. Carvalho, Joseph J. Hope; Australian National University, Australia We study the transport of quasi-two-dimensional matter-wave 72, Poster solitons in a Bose-Einstein condensate with attractive atomic interactions in a two-dimensional driven optical lattice potential. Coherent state based phase space representations (P, Q, Wigner)

54 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia have been successful in the creation of C-number equations for Entanglement Generated by Jump Based Feedback the efficient stochastic simulation of high dimensional quantum with Raman Transitions systems. However many problems using these techniques re- R.N. Stevenson, André R.R. Carvalho, Joseph J. Hope; main intractable over long integrations times. We present a new Number-Phase Wigner representation that can be unraveled into Australian National University, Australia stochastic equations, these converge to the correct solution for 77, Poster an anharmonic oscillator with small dampening for significantly We follow on from work in Ref. [1] and investigate a feedback longer than other phase space representations. Sampling of a scheme to generate entanglement in systems with a vacuum non-classical probability distribution was required, we show this stimulated Raman transition. These systems have excited states can be achieved using stochastic weights. This novel method is with long spontaneous emission lifetimes, allowing entanglement applicable outside the simulations performed in this paper. to be maintained after feedback is turned off for longer than an equivalent two level system. We take experimental data from Ref. Asymmetric Steering: When Alice and Bob Disagree [3] to analyse the effect of experimental imperfections, in particular Sarah L.W. Midgley, Andy Ferris, Murray K. Olsen; the effect of ion delocalisation within the cavity standing wave on the final entanglement. University of Queensland, Australia 73, Poster Optical Characterization of a Phase Fresnel Lens for Asymmetric steering is an effect whereby an inseparable bipartite Trapped Ion Quantum Computing system can be found to be either described by quantum mechanics or local hidden variable theories depending on which one of the Benjamin Norton, Erik W. Streed, Justin J. Chapman, D. famous Alice or Bob makes the required measurements. We show Kielpinski; Griffith University, Australia that, even with an inseparable bipartite system, situations can 78, Poster arise where measurements on one half are not sufficient to answer the fundamental question of which theory gives an adequate To efficiently collect light from ions in a trapped ion quantum description, but that the whole system must be considered. This computer, a lens with a high numerical aperture is advantageous. is possible because of an asymmetry in the definition of the Using phase Fresnel lenses with large working distances and original Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox and we demonstrate this high numerical apertures, we can couple a large fraction of the theoretically using the intracavity nonlinear coupler. fluorescence from an ion into a single optical propagation mode (TEM00). We have optically profiled a phase Fresnel lens with a ± Vortex Decay in High Temperature Bose-Einstein numerical aperture of 0.64 and a focal length of 3 mm. A 350 15 nm beam waist and a beam quality M2 of 1.08±0.05 was measured, Condensates near the diffraction limit. Samuel Rooney, Ashton S. Bradley, P. Blair Blakie; Time-Averaged Optical Potentials for Bose-Einstein University of Otago, New Zealand Condensates 74, Poster We use the Stochastic Projected Gross-Pitaevskii (SPGPE) theory E.D. van Ooijen, S.K. Schnelle, K.J. Weegink, Leif to determine the lifetime of a quantized vortex in a Bose-Einstein Humbert, Matthew J. Davis, Norman R. Heckenberg, condensate held in an oblate trap. We devise a simple scheme to Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop; University of Queensland, estimate input parameters of the theory, allowing a system of fixed Australia atom number to be investigated over a range of temperatures both 79, Poster above and below the phase transition. We use this approach to determine the lifetime of a vortex over a range of temperatures, Since the first experimental realization of a Bose-Einstein con- and investigate the role of fluctuations in setting the timescales densate (BEC), many of its properties have been thoroughly involved. investigated. Specifically tailored potentials are helpful tools when investigating properties of ultra-cold gases. Here we demonstrate Metastable Helium on an Atom Chip the loading of ultra-cold atoms into two-dimensional, time- RuGway Wu 1, Brenton Hall 2, Robert Evans 1, Robert G. averaged optical potentials. The time-averaging scheme allows us to make arbitrary, two dimensional trapping potentials, where the 1 1 1 Dall , Andrew G. Truscott ; Australian National potential shape and depth can be dynamically controlled. University, Australia; 2Swinburne University of Technology, Australia Single-Plane Phase Imaging of Cold Atoms 75, Poster Andrew McCulloch, David Sheludko, Harry Morris In our work with the atom chip, metastable helium will for the first Quiney, Robert Scholten; University of Melbourne, time be trapped in a magnetic trap formed by electric currents on Australia an atom chip. Further, in this trap we will produce a Bose-Einstein 81, Poster condensate. The unique features of helium and an atom chip offer a rich variety of exciting experiments that can be done, including We demonstrate a new technique for imaging cold atom clouds surface probing using Auger electrons, quantum feedback control, based on phase retrieval from a single diffraction measurement. real time, high bandwidth density probe for the atom cloud, with a Single-shot diffractive imaging methods for cold atoms have pre- resolution limit of 50 nm. viously assumed a monomorphic object. The method presented here allows quantitative imaging of an inhomogeneous cloud. Magnetic Lattices for Ultracold Atoms and Quantum Using ideas borrowed from density functional theory, we calculate Degenerate Gases the approximate paraxial diffracted intensity derivative from the measured diffracted intensity distribution and use it to solve M. Singh, S. Jose, Andrei Sidorov, Russell McLean, Peter the transport of intensity equation for the phase of the wave at Hannaford; Swinburne University of Technology, the detector plane. Back-propagation to the object plane yields Australia the object exit surface wave and then provides a quantitative measurement of the atomic column density. 76, Poster We describe the trapping of ultracold rubidium atoms in a 1D Non-Linear Faraday Rotation in an Optical Dipole magnetic lattice constructed from TbGdFeCo magnetic film on Trap a10μm-period grooved structure on an atom chip. Progress towards the trapping of arrays of Bose-Einstein condensates in the Leszek Krzemien, Krzysztof Brzozowski, Jerzy individual sites of the magnetic lattice is reported. Extension to Zachorowski, Wojciech Gawlik; Jagiellonian University the case of a 2D magnetic lattice and possible applications as a in Krakow, Poland large-scale storage register for quantum information processing are discussed. 82, Poster Non linear Faraday rotation can be used to make precise measure-

55 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia ments of magnetic ﬁeld [1]. Here we report the observation of non-linear Faraday rotation in an optical dipole trap which we hope can be utilised to build a precision magnetometer with high spatial resolution. Continuous wave as well as amplitude modulated optical rotation [2] signals were obtained in a sample of rubidium atoms cooled to about 40 μK. Measurements were conducted in a volume determined by the overlapping region of the CO2 dipole trap and probe beams, which was as small as 0.007mm3.

Two-Level Atoms Macroscopic Quantum Trapping in an Optical Cavity S.C. Lei 1, M.K. Soi 2, C.H. Lee 1, R.K. Lee 3, Yuri S. Kivshar 1; 1Australian National University, Australia; 2Macao Labour Affairs Bureau, China; 3National Tsing-Hua University, Taiwan 83, Poster We consider a gaseous Bose-Einstein condensate of bosonic atoms which populate two hyperfine levels coupled by a cavity mode. The system can be well described by a Dicke model in addition to an atom-atom nonlinear quadratic interaction which arises from the mean-field inter-atomic interaction within a single-mode approximation. The equations of motion can be obtained for applying the mean-field treatment to the full quantum Hamiltonian of the system. System variables are related via the conservation law. Three stationary states existing in both Rabi and Josephson regimes are found. The necessary condition from Rabi enters to Josephson regime is the average atomic interaction energy larger than the photon-atom coupling energy in this system. The characters of stationary states depend both on the nonlinearity interactions strength and the excitation number. In the limit of large excitation number, the mean-field results are consistent with the ones for classical Bose-Josephson Junctions.

DS2009 Posters Union Building Eclipse/Equinox, 17:20, Wednesday

Transformations of Continuously Self-Focusing Dissipative Solitons C. Mejía-Cortés 1, J.M. Soto-Crespo 1, N. Akhmediev 2,N. Devine 2; 1CSIC, Spain; 2Australian National University, Australia 85, Poster Self-focusing dissipative media admit the existence of localized beams and them are stable inside of a certain region of its existence. Beyond these region, beams loose their stability, and new dynamical behaviors appear. We present several types of instabilities and give examples of beam dynamics in the area adjacent to the region. We observed that the beams loose the radial symmetry.

Light Bullets in Nonlinear Curved Waveguide Arrays Michal Matuszewski, Ivan L. Garanovich, Andrey A. Sukhorukov; Australian National University, Australia 86, Poster We predict that stable spatio-temporal solitons can exist in arrays of periodically curved optical waveguides. We combine approximate variational methods and direct numerical simulations to describe two-dimensional light bullets in one-dimensional arrays with harmonic in-plane bending profile, and three-dimensional bullets in square lattices with helical bending profile. We show that light bullets can freely move across the arrays with optimized bending, and this mobility property is a distinguishing characteristic compared to previously considered discrete light bullets which were trapped to a specific lattice location. These results suggest new possibilities for flexible spatio-temporal manipulation of optical pulses.

56 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

Author Index Baxter, Gregory W...... 20 49 C 26 50 68 210 Caballero Benítez, S.F...... 54 A Baynes, Fred ...... 28 162 234 Caboche, E...... 27 31 365 Abbott, Derek ...... 19 49 261 Cademartiri, Rebecca ...... 43 Beardmore, Joshua P...... 34 125 Abdullaev, Jasur A...... 67 54 317 Calzada, M.E...... 23 Becker, Ria ...... 38 143 Abell, Andrew D...... 133 24 350 25 Bell, Simon ...... 42 315 Afshar V., Shahraam ...... 116 22 102 Canning, John ...... 38 Bell, Toby D.M...... 20 363 161 27 210 43 Benabid, Fetah ...... 28 418 313 37 343 45 41 10 364 43 216 48 Bennet, Francis H...... 29 28 22 49 29 50 50 32 27 50 57 51 Bennetts, Shayne ...... 53 38 51 33 51 413 Berry, Dominic W...... 45 52 52 Aguergaray, C...... 213 29 431 Bewsher, Justin ...... 47 Cannon, David ...... 31 50 215 29 Bhuiyan, D.H...... 123 22 164 Caramihai, M...... 36 51 Akhmediev, N...... 27 Binh, Le Nguyen ...... 346 41 223 Carvalho, André R.R...... 255 33 30 37 51 369 431 47 44 Birt, Kimberley ...... 5 48 370 72 54 44 315 371 Biswas, P...... 38 77 55 44 74 85 Blakie, P. Blair ...... 55 Caspary, Reinhard ...... 208 28 56 113 310 Blenman, Neil ...... 21 245 32 Akulshin, Alexander ...... 37 163 252 Bludov, Yuli V...... 27 Chan, Qing N...... 124 22 Alberucci, Alessandro ...... 33 4 14 Bocharova, Irina A...... 47 Chang, Nick ...... 334 40 Aldén, M...... 49 157 108 Boehm, Jonathan ...... 26 Chang, Wonkeun ...... 164 27 Alexander, Tristram J...... 21 303 70 Boiron, Denis ...... 36 Chapman, Justin J...... 154 26 54 303 128 Bonneau, Marie ...... 36 78 55 Alias, Mohd Sharizal ...... 23 413 129 Booth, Byron M...... 45 Chapman, S.J...... 120 22 23 231 313 Booth, Martin ...... 31 Charters, Robbie ...... 138 24 Alic, Nikola ...... 37 342 44 Borg, Daniel ...... 41 Chen, Huai-Yi ...... 51 52 Allegretti, Luca A...... 52 142 56 Bortolozzo, U...... 25 Chen, P.Y...... 127 23 Al-Saidi, Imad Al-Deen H.A...... 53 318 56 Boscolo, Sonia ...... 38 269 35 Al-Saymari, Furat A.M...... 53 319 124 38 Chen, Xi ...... 330 39 Alwahabi, Zeyad T...... 22 320 14 38 Cheng, Xusheng ...... 8 48 49 Botten, Lindsay C...... 127 23 Amiranashvili, Shalva ...... 121 22 Chigrinov, Vladimir ...... 235 31 15 49 Ams, Martin ...... 209 28 Chin, Yiing ...... 52 52 25 50 230 31 Chinnasamy, U...... 366 43 30 50 316 38 Choi, Duk-Yong ...... 241 32 Botting, Kimberley J...... 122 22 Amuli, Inés A...... 29 50 242 32 Bowen, Warwick P...... 211 29 Andersen, Mikkel F...... 424 46 336 40 260 34 427 46 340 41 426 46 Anderson, B.P...... 225 30 368 43 434 47 Anderson, Russell ...... 227 30 40 51 Bowles, Cameron ...... 333 40 Ankiewicz, Adrian ...... 370 44 47 52 359 42 371 44 Chow, Jong H...... 158 27 Boyson, T.K...... 125 23 Argyros, A...... 114 21 Chung, K...... 36 51 143 25 Arkwright, John W...... 113 21 Clare, Bradley A...... 360 43 Bradac, Carlo ...... 148 25 405 Clarke, Aisling ...... 335 40 Armstrong, Seiji ...... 44 Bradley, Ashton S...... 225 30 433 Clerc, M.G...... 142 25 47 74 55 127 Cojocaru, C...... 259 34 Asatryan, Ara A...... 23 Brand, Helmut R...... 140 24 30 308 50 141 37 111 24 325 Asavei, Theodor ...... 21 Brasselet, Etienne ...... 107 20 Cole, Jared H...... 39 12 344 48 Bres, Camille-Sophie ...... 313 37 Colet, Pere ...... 41 136 Collins, Stephen F...... 235 31 Åslund, M...... 24 Brodzeli, Zourab ...... 235 31 315 428 38 428 46 46 32 20 51 26 50 49 252 26 Assanto, Gaetano ...... 33 46 52 50 367 125 43 Bruckstein, Alfred M...... 271 35 Conroy, K.J...... 23 120 143 Assemat, P...... 22 Brzozowski, Krzysztof ...... 82 55 25 116 113 Atakaramians, Shaghik ...... 22 333 Cook, Ian J...... 21 Bubner, Tim ...... 40 418 19 49 359 Cook, Kevin ...... 45 42 32 Attygalle, Manik ...... 342 41 273 51 Buccoliero, D...... 36 38 Buchhave, P...... 307 37 51 Corcoran, B...... 239 32 B Buchler, Ben C...... 404 44 265 35 152 Buckman, S.J...... 146 25 Bachor, Hans A...... 26 339 40 307 Bui, Lam ...... 206 28 37 Corney, Joel ...... 349 42 405 44 207 28 68 54 433 47 270 35 Coutts, David W...... 409 45 Bal, Harpreet K...... 235 31 Bulla, Douglas A.P...... 241 32 Cronin-Golomb, M...... 365 43 428 242 32 46 Crossley, Maxwell J...... 28 50 26 50 336 40 52 52 46 52 368 43 Cumming, Ben ...... 231 31 Baldwin, Kenneth G.H...... 146 25 40 51 232 31 417 45 47 52 31 50 423 46 Burridge, Mark ...... 359 42 Bale, Brandon G...... 318 38 Burris, Harris R...... 360 43 319 38 Butcher, J.S...... 226 30 320 38 254 33 Ballagh, R.J...... 253 33 Byron, Lesa J...... 146 25 Bandelow, Uwe ...... 121 22 205 28 Bandyopadhyay, S...... 315 38 422 46 Bang, O...... 17 49 Bao, Q.L...... 429 46 Barland, S...... 162 27 Bartlett, Stephen D...... 413 45 Bartylla, Christoph ...... 361 43

57 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

D E Ghiggino, Kenneth P...... 102 20 7 48 115 48 Dai, Jingmin ...... 52 Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Heike .... 21 118 146 116 Gibson, Brant C...... 22 Dall, Robert G...... 25 22 28 205 117 50 28 22 360 422 155 Giesbrecht, James ...... 43 46 26 360 423 156 Gilreath, Charmaine C...... 43 46 26 162 425 157 Giudici, M...... 27 46 26 145 71 161 Glover, R.D...... 25 54 27 256 75 246 34 55 32 327 124 408 Goh, X.M...... 39 Dally, Bassam B...... 22 44 344 207 22 Gomila, Damiá ...... 41 Dalvand, Naser ...... 28 49 354 129 114 Goodman, S.J...... 42 Damilano, Benjamin ...... 23 Eggleton, Benjamin J...... 21 337 105 137 Gopalakrishna Pillai, Bipin Sankar 40 Dao, L.V...... 20 24 248 152 214 Gorbach, A.V...... 33 Daria, Vincent Ricardo ...... 26 29 348 134 239 42 Davis, Claire E...... 24 32 328 31 247 33 Gramotnev, Dmitri K...... 39 50 354 204 265 35 42 Davis, Matthew J...... 28 355 224 312 37 42 30 61 225 335 40 53 30 62 226 336 40 53 30 409 254 339 40 Granados, Eduardo ...... 45 33 360 304 340 41 Grant, Kenneth J...... 43 36 158 305 368 43 Gray, Malcolm B...... 27 36 273 306 17 49 Grech, M...... 36 36 118 323 47 52 Greentree, Andrew D...... 22 39 325 421 Egorov, Mikhail ...... 227 30 39 46 22 79 Egorov, O.A...... 248 33 49 55 322 20 Eilenberger, Falk ...... 137 24 Griffin, A...... 39 Davis, Tim J...... 49 430 356 142 Griffith, Clark ...... 47 Davoyan, Arthur R...... 42 Elías, R.G...... 25 265 148 251 Grillet, Christian ...... 35 Dawes, Judith M...... 25 Engel, Harald ...... 33 368 13 155 43 48 Englich, Florian V...... 26 201 110 419 Grimm, Rudolf ...... 27 Day, Daniel ...... 21 45 10 64 75 Groothoff, N...... 48 54 Evans, Robert ...... 55 50 270 128 Gross, Simon ...... 52 Dayaratne, Kushan ...... 35 Exhsan, F.M...... 23 16 4 Grujic, Thomas ...... 49 De, Sankar ...... 47 311 209 Gu, Chenji ...... 37 Dekker, Peter ...... 28 F 110 230 Gu,Min ...... 21 31 261 229 13 Fabrie, Corine G.C.H.M...... 34 31 48 235 231 307 Fan, Fei ...... 31 31 Delaubert, V...... 37 53 232 421 Fang, Jing-Hua ...... 53 31 Dennis, G.R...... 46 338 9 422 Farrell, Peter M...... 40 48 46 414 42 44 45 52 De Sario, Marco ...... 52 35 63 140 51 54 Descalzi, Orazio ...... 24 39 64 141 51 54 24 363 10 127 Feder, K.S...... 43 Guizard, S...... 48 de Sterke, C. Martijn ...... 23 305 68 137 Feng, Chao ...... 36 Gulácsí, M...... 54 24 315 426 214 Fenton, J...... 38 Gwyther, D...... 46 29 150 312 Fernée, Mark J...... 26 37 306 15 Ferris, Andy ...... 36 H 49 73 16 55 217 49 38 Ha, Sangwoo ...... 29 17 49 Février, Sébastien ...... 51 316 269 38 25 50 Fleming, Simon C...... 35 254 132 Haine, S.A...... 33 Desyatnikov, Anton S...... 109 21 Flewett, Samuel ...... 23 304 354 36 273 36 Foley, N.J...... 42 69 54 155 367 43 Foo, Tze Cheung ...... 26 Hall, Brenton ...... 227 30 156 Deuar, Piotr ...... 303 36 26 425 46 246 Devine, N...... 223 30 32 75 55 21 85 56 Foster, Scott ...... 49 Hall, Robert ...... 333 40 24 Dinh, K.B...... 105 20 50 Hamilton, Murray W...... 358 42 156 Dinning, Phil G...... 113 21 François, Alexandre ...... 26 410 45 157 Dinovitser, Alex ...... 55 53 26 55 53 19 Do, My T.T...... 123 22 Franke, Hendrik ...... 49 Han, Ting ...... 138 24 136 Doherty, Andrew C...... 413 45 Fuerbach, Alexander ...... 24 Hannaford, Peter ...... 105 20 361 Domachuk, Peter ...... 365 43 43 227 30 50 15 52 310 37 Dossou, Kokou B...... 49 19 25 50 Fumeaux, Christophe ...... 49 76 55 Douay, Marc ...... 369 44 Hanne, Friedrich G...... 2 47 Dower, Peter M...... 35 51 G Harb, C.C...... 125 23 39 51 Gabriel, C...... 307 37 143 25 Dragomir, Nicoleta ...... 46 52 Gai, Xin ...... 241 32 307 37 Drummond, Peter D...... 203 28 242 32 Hargreaves, S...... 257 34 324 39 368 43 Harris, Glen I...... 260 34 Drysdale, Russell ...... 5 48 Gamaly, E.G...... 263 34 434 47 Duck, Benjamin ...... 5 48 Gan, Xiaosong ...... 329 39 Hartley, R...... 248 33 Ducros, Nicolas ...... 38 51 Gan, Zongsong ...... 42 52 Harvey, John ...... 213 29 Duering, Malte ...... 309 37 Ganija, Miftar ...... 59 53 215 29 Dyke, Paul ...... 203 28 Gao, Xingyu ...... 329 39 Hattori, Haroldo T...... 126 23 Garanovich, Ivan L...... 272 35 Haudin, F...... 142 25 372 44 He, Yabai ...... 143 25 86 56 417 45 Gardiner, C.W...... 253 33 419 45 Garrett, Michael C...... 224 30 Gawlik, Wojciech ...... 82 55 Genevet, P...... 162 27 Gerding, Michael ...... 331 40 Gerginov, Vladislav ...... 430 47

58 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

Heckenberg, Norman R...... 111 21 Jesacher, Alexander ...... 231 31 Konotop, Vladimir V...... 163 27 112 21 Jia, Baohua ...... 9 48 Kostovski, G...... 366 43 204 28 42 52 Kothe, Alexander ...... 251 33 224 30 Jimenez-Martinez, Ricardo ...... 430 47 Kowalsky, Wolfgang ...... 208 28 226 30 Johnsson, Mattias ...... 422 46 245 32 254 33 423 46 Kozyreff, G...... 120 22 12 48 69 54 Krachmalnicoff, Valentina ...... 303 36 79 55 71 54 Krauss, T.F...... 239 32 Heenan, Kimberley ...... 70 54 Johnston, Benjamin ...... 13 48 265 35 Heintze, Matthew ...... 332 40 Jones, M.W...... 151 26 Krivenko, Irina V...... 238 32 334 40 Jones, Scott ...... 268 35 Krolikowski, Wieslaw Z...... 109 21 Hemming, Alexander ...... 246 32 Jose, S...... 76 55 216 29 Henderson, Matthew R...... 22 49 Jovanovic, Nemanja ...... 136 24 259 34 Henini, M...... 257 34 314 37 272 35 Hétet, Gabriel ...... 404 44 317 38 273 36 Higgins, Brendon L...... 413 45 Judge, A.C...... 214 29 308 37 Hill, Charles D...... 325 39 17 49 367 43 Hilliard, A...... 228 30 Junker, Mark ...... 350 42 372 44 Hinckley, Steven ...... 43 52 Juodkazis, Saulius ...... 357 42 29 50 Hinton, Kerry ...... 338 40 Kruglov, Vladimir I...... 213 29 414 45 K 215 29 39 Krzemien, Leszek ...... 82 55 51 Kabakova, Irina V...... 312 37 118 Kuan, Kevin ...... 246 32 Hiscocks, Mark P...... 22 Kalinowski, K...... 259 34 146 Kudlinski, Alexandre ...... 369 44 Hodgman, Sean S...... 25 308 37 423 Kuhlmey, Boris T...... 114 21 46 Kallapur, A.G...... 143 25 71 160 27 54 Kalnins, Chris ...... 115 21 331 214 29 Höffner, Josef ...... 40 Kalt, Peter A.M...... 124 22 262 269 35 Holdsworth, John ...... 34 Kaminer, Ido ...... 271 35 5 16 49 48 Kaminski, F...... 228 30 118 17 49 Hollenberg, Lloyd C.L...... 22 Kan, Dougal J...... 30 50 325 65 54 39 419 255 Kan, Ruifeng ...... 45 Kuhnle, Eva ...... 203 28 Hope, Joseph J...... 33 365 421 Kaplan, D.L...... 43 Kukarin, Sergey ...... 321 38 46 38 422 Kar, Ajoy K...... 51 Kurth, Martin L...... 61 53 46 119 431 Kartashov, Yaroslav V...... 22 47 135 72 Katsifolis, Jim ...... 24 L 54 123 77 Kay, A.J...... 22 55 Laban, Dane E...... 145 25 334 Kazansky, P.G...... 10 48 Hosken, David J...... 40 256 34 410 Ke, Xue-Bin ...... 330 39 45 2 47 58 Kee, Tak W...... 122 22 53 Ladouceur, François ...... 118 22 59 Khanikaev, Alexander B...... 267 35 53 268 9 Kheruntsyan, Karén ...... 303 36 35 Hossain, Md. Muntasir ...... 48 46 404 349 42 52 Hosseini, Mahdi ...... 44 153 65 1 47 Lai, W.J...... 26 Hou, Jing ...... 54 Lam, Ping Koy ...... 404 44 14 Khoury, Tony ...... 28 50 Hsu, L.J...... 49 433 203 52 52 47 Hu,Hui ...... 28 Lam, Timothy T.-Y...... 158 27 322 Kiani, Liely ...... 311 37 39 246 324 Kielpinski, D...... 154 26 Lancaster, David G...... 32 39 407 153 256 34 44 Huignard, J.P...... 26 57 226 363 43 53 Humbert, Leif ...... 30 Lancry, M...... 10 48 254 2 47 33 7 79 6 48 Langford, S.J...... 48 55 126 255 78 55 Lapine, Mikhail ...... 23 Hush, M.R...... 33 330 72 King, Bruce ...... 5 48 Larkins, Michael ...... 39 54 307 Huyang, George ...... 28 50 Kirkbride, K.P...... 125 23 Lassen, M...... 37 Latkin, Anton ...... 321 38 52 52 143 25 Kitchin, John ...... 430 47 Lautenbach, Jens ...... 331 40 I Kivshar, Yuri S...... 107 20 Lavrinenko, Andrei V...... 217 29 108 21 Lawrence, Felix J...... 15 49 Iliew, Rumen ...... 240 32 109 21 Lederer, Falk ...... 243 32 Iredale, Tim ...... 47 52 126 23 248 33 Itano, Wayne M...... 6 48 216 29 Ledingham, Patrick ...... 432 47 Ivannikov, Alexander F...... 238 32 217 29 Lee, A...... 125 23 Ivanov, Eugene ...... 210 28 240 32 Lee, A.J...... 258 34 237 31 259 34 54 53 Izdebskaya, Yana ...... 109 21 272 35 Lee, C.H...... 83 56 367 43 308 37 Lee, G.M...... 304 36 316 38 Lee, K...... 7 48 J 347 41 Lee, Kwan H...... 211 29 356 42 260 34 Jaatinen, Esa A...... 149 25 367 43 426 46 151 26 372 44 434 47 233 31 29 50 Lee, Michael W...... 368 43 328 39 65 54 Lee, R.K...... 83 56 330 39 67 54 Legge, Samuel ...... 262 34 Jackson, Stuart ...... 136 24 83 56 Lei, S.C...... 83 56 244 32 Knappe, Svenja ...... 430 47 le Targat, R...... 228 30 407 44 Knight, J.C...... 160 27 257 57 53 Lewis, R.A...... 34 211 42 Jacobo, Adrian ...... 344 41 Knittel, Joachim ...... 29 Li, Jiafang ...... 52 260 41 Jagadish, Chennupati ...... 126 23 34 Li,Mo ...... 51 434 47 48 Jaksula, Jean-Christophe ...... 303 36 52 321 14 103 Kobtsev, Sergey ...... 38 Li,Y...... 49 James, Ralph B...... 20 236 8 307 Koch, Thomas L...... 31 Li, Zengchang ...... 48 Janousek, Jiri ...... 37 361 14 405 Koehler, Wolfgang ...... 43 Li, Z.S...... 49 44 211 210 433 Kohosla, Kiran ...... 29 Light, P...... 28 47 309 123 Kolev, Vesselin ...... 37 Janssens, S...... 22 369 147 Kolobov, Mikhail ...... 44 Jasieniak, Jacek ...... 25 417 Jensen, Paul ...... 52 52 Kono, Mitsuhiko ...... 45

59 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

Lin, Han ...... 229 31 Marshall, Graham D...... 136 24 Morizur, Jean-François ...... 405 44 232 31 230 31 433 47 Lin, Hung-Yi ...... 51 52 314 37 Morrison, B.D...... 3 47 Lin, J...... 54 53 316 38 Morrison, Janna L...... 122 22 Lin, Ling ...... 327 39 317 38 Moss, David J...... 239 32 53 53 18 49 265 35 Lincoln, Craig N...... 147 25 Martinsen, Wayne ...... 360 43 368 43 Little, Douglas J...... 209 28 Maskuriy, Farha ...... 129 23 Mudge, Damien ...... 58 53 Littler, Ian C.M...... 158 27 Mat, A.F.A...... 128 23 Mudge, Kerry A...... 360 43 Littleton, Bradley N...... 150 26 Matías, Manuel A...... 344 41 Mullavey, Adam J...... 266 35 Litvinyuk, I.V...... 4 47 Matuszewski, Michal ...... 86 56 Müller, J.H...... 228 30 Liu, Huiyong ...... 34 51 Maucher, F...... 273 36 Munasinghe, H. Tilanka ...... 313 37 Liu, Jingfeng ...... 42 52 Maunder, Simon A...... 113 21 Munch, Jesper ...... 332 40 Liu, Wei ...... 65 54 Maurya, M.K...... 66 54 334 40 Liu, Wenqing ...... 419 45 May, Eric F...... 144 25 358 42 Liu, Xia-Ji ...... 203 28 210 28 410 45 322 39 212 29 57 53 324 39 McAdam, Grant ...... 31 50 58 53 Liu, Yunquan Q...... 2 47 McClelland, David E...... 158 27 59 53 Locke, Clayton ...... 210 28 266 35 Murauski, Anatoli ...... 235 31 237 31 McCosker, Ravi J...... 23 50 Mussot, Arnaud ...... 369 44 Loh, K.P...... 429 46 McCulloch, Andrew ...... 81 55 Myrén, Niklas ...... 362 43 Loiseaux, B...... 153 26 McCulloch, Ian ...... 306 36 Loke, Vincent L.Y...... 111 21 McDowall, Peter D...... 427 46 N 210 12 48 McFerran, J.J...... 28 124 426 Nathan, Graham J...... 22 Longdell, Jevon J...... 404 44 McGovern, M...... 46 14 126 49 432 47 McKerracher, Ian ...... 23 432 147 Naylor, William ...... 47 Louvergneaux, Eric ...... 369 44 McKimmie, Lachlan J...... 25 225 3 47 Neely, T.W...... 30 Lowe, Martin ...... 425 46 126 McLean, Russell ...... 310 37 Neshev, Dragomir N...... 23 Lu,Yi ...... 13 48 216 76 55 29 Luan, Feng ...... 336 40 240 McNulty, Ian ...... 132 23 32 340 41 243 127 32 47 52 McPhedran, R.C...... 23 259 15 34 Lübken, Franz-Josef ...... 331 40 49 272 25 35 Luerss, Bernd ...... 361 43 50 308 211 37 Lugiato, L...... 162 27 McRae, T.G...... 29 316 260 38 Luiten, Andre N...... 144 25 34 347 426 41 210 28 46 372 434 44 212 29 47 29 215 50 234 31 Méchin, D...... 29 65 124 54 237 31 Medwell, Paul R...... 22 28 223 Neto, C...... 50 343 41 Mejía-Cortés, C...... 30 20 85 Nguyen, Huy ...... 49 Lund, A.P...... 411 45 56 341 44 Nguyen, Linh ...... 41 Luo, Yanhua ...... 8 48 Mescia, Luciano ...... 52 342 206 41 34 51 Mese, Tolga ...... 28 346 151 Nguyen, N.D...... 41 41 51 Michael, G...... 26 207 Midgley, Sarah L.W...... 73 55 Nguyen, Thach G...... 28 Lurie, Anna ...... 210 28 236 Mielke, Alexander ...... 121 22 31 343 41 Nicholls, Lachlan ...... 405 44 138 Miese, Christopher ...... 361 43 Luther-Davies, Barry ...... 24 Nieminen, Timo A...... 111 21 Milicevic, Marko ...... 326 39 241 32 112 21 20 49 242 32 12 48 Minovich, Alexander ...... 126 23 309 37 Nirmalathas, Ampalavanapillai . . 337 40 336 347 41 40 Nolte, S...... 136 24 340 Miroshnichenko, Andrey ...... 107 20 41 317 38 368 Mitani, S.M...... 128 23 43 Norton, Benjamin ...... 154 26 40 129 51 23 6 47 206 48 52 Mitchell, Arnan ...... 28 78 207 55 28 360 216 Nottage, Thomas ...... 43 M 29 257 236 31 Novikov, S...... 34 332 132 MacKinnon, Andrew ...... 40 270 35 Nugent, Keith A...... 23 138 Madden, Steve ...... 24 272 35 218 29 366 43 O 241 32 372 44 408 242 Oermann, Michael R...... 44 32 Mitchell, Morgan W...... 413 45 239 336 O’Faolain, L...... 32 40 Monat, C...... 239 32 265 340 35 41 265 35 349 368 Ögren, Magnus ...... 42 43 Monro, Tanya M...... 115 21 1 40 51 47 116 22 139 47 52 Ohta, Takao ...... 24 117 22 73 Mägi, Eric C...... 214 29 Olsen, Murray K...... 55 133 24 365 368 43 Omenetto, F.G...... 43 134 24 143 17 49 Orr, Brian J...... 25 155 26 417 Magrakvelidze, Maia ...... 4 47 45 156 26 419 25 45 Mahmoodian, Sahand ...... 50 157 26 67 Mahmoud, Seedahmed S...... 135 24 Ostrovskaya, Elena A...... 54 161 27 70 325 54 Makin, M.I...... 39 246 32 332 Manaf, A.A...... 128 23 Ottaway, David ...... 40 313 37 334 Manaf, Nor Azlian Abd ...... 129 23 40 364 43 408 Manning, Andrew G...... 71 54 44 408 44 57 53 Margulis, Walter ...... 362 43 19 49 59 53 Mari, R.H...... 257 34 22 49 Marini, A...... 348 42 27 50 Mark, Michael ...... 203 28 33 51 Marsal, Nicolas ...... 345 41 Montemezzani, Germano ...... 345 41 347 41 347 41 Moore, Christopher I...... 360 43 Moore, Roger C...... 246 32

60 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

P Rode, A.V...... 109 21 Soto-Crespo, J.M...... 223 30 263 371 311 34 44 Pailo, Christiane ...... 37 335 85 261 Roelens, Michaël A.F...... 40 56 Palmer, Adam J...... 34 142 404 44 Rojas, R.G...... 25 Sparkes, Ben M...... 44 Palmisano, Tommaso ...... 52 74 409 214 Rooney, Samuel ...... 55 Spence, David J...... 45 Pant, Ravi ...... 29 259 54 17 Roppo, V...... 34 53 49 308 125 Park, T...... 36 51 37 Spence, T.G...... 23 301 143 303 Rotermund, Harm Hinrich ...... 36 25 Partridge, Guthrie ...... 36 161 53 258 Rowland, Kristopher J...... 27 Spizzirri, Paul ...... 53 Pask, H.M...... 34 116 115 54 53 Ruan, Yinlan ...... 22 Spooner, Nigel ...... 21 117 144 Pedaci, F...... 162 27 22 Stace, Thomas M...... 25 111 343 Peele, Andrew G...... 132 23 Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Halina ...... 21 41 112 259 Pelusi, Mark D...... 239 32 21 Staliunas, K...... 34 150 308 265 35 26 37 204 18 335 40 28 Stecher, Matthias ...... 49 224 127 336 40 30 Steel, Michael J...... 23 226 136 339 40 30 24 254 148 340 41 33 25 12 267 47 52 48 35 79 317 Peng, Gang-Ding ...... 8 48 55 38 Ryckeboer, Eva ...... 335 40 268 34 51 Stenzel, Martina ...... 35 315 41 51 Stevenson, M...... 38 363 48 52 S 43 32 Perejogin, Vladimir ...... 333 40 Sabbatini, Jacopo ...... 323 39 51 Stevenson, R.N...... 77 55 Peron, M...... 226 30 Sahlberg, C.E...... 253 33 Stewart, Luke A...... 148 25 Perrella, Christopher ...... 210 28 Salerno, Mario ...... 70 54 Stilgoe, Alexander B...... 112 21 343 41 Samson, E.C...... 225 30 Stoddart, Paul R...... 134 24 Pertsch, Thomas ...... 240 32 Sanborn, Jeremy R...... 311 37 Streed, Erik W...... 154 26 243 32 Sando, Daniel ...... 233 31 6 48 Petersen, I.R...... 143 25 Sang, Robert T...... 145 25 78 55 Petrasiunas, Matthew J...... 6 48 256 34 Stricker, Christian ...... 152 26 Phua, P.B...... 153 26 261 34 Stringari, S...... 322 39 Piccardi, Armando ...... 252 33 2 47 Stuart, Dustin ...... 144 25 Pietsch, Markus ...... 133 24 Schartner, Erik P...... 133 24 210 28 Piper, J.A...... 258 34 Schiek, Roland ...... 243 32 212 29 Pitaevskii, L.P...... 322 39 Schnelle, S.K...... 204 28 237 31 Pohl, A.A.P...... 418 45 79 55 Su, C.-H...... 118 22 Poletti, Dario ...... 67 54 Scholten, Robert ...... 350 42 Sukhorukov, Andrey A...... 165 27 Polzik, E.S...... 228 30 81 55 217 29 Ponomarenko, Olena ...... 104 20 Schröder, Jochen ...... 247 33 240 32 Poole, Simon ...... 202 28 335 40 272 35 Poon, C.K...... 418 45 Schwindt, Peter D.D...... 430 47 316 38 Poulton, Christopher G...... 127 23 Sciamanna, Marc ...... 345 41 347 41 25 50 347 41 372 44 30 50 Segev, Mordechai ...... 271 35 29 50 Poumellec, B...... 10 48 243 Setzpfandt, Frank ...... 32 86 56 126 36 Powell, David ...... 23 Severin, Irina ...... 51 Sum, Tze Jing ...... 28 50 Prawer, Steven ...... 53 53 158 Shaddock, Daniel A...... 27 52 52 Preusser, Jan ...... 430 47 266 35 Sumby, Christopher J...... 155 26 Prudenzano, Francesco ...... 44 52 106 Shadrivov, Ilya V...... 20 156 26 Pryde, Geoff J...... 411 45 126 23 Symul, Thomas ...... 405 44 413 45 356 42 Szczesniak, Michael M...... 113 21 Pudo, D...... 239 32 257 Shafi, M...... 34 Szigeti, Stuart ...... 255 33 Pulford, D.R.N...... 307 37 Shah, Vishal ...... 430 47 Pullen, Michael G...... 363 43 Sharafutdinova, Galiya ...... 262 34 T 2 47 Sharping, Jay E...... 311 37 Pureur, Vincent ...... 114 21 33 51 Taki, Majid ...... 369 44 160 27 Sheludko, David ...... 81 55 Tam, Alwin ...... 414 45 Shi, Qing ...... 114 21 Tan, Hark Hoe ...... 126 23 Q Shortell, Matt ...... 149 25 Tan, Shiaw Juen ...... 328 39 109 62 53 Qi, Xinyuan ...... 272 35 Shvedov, V.G...... 21 367 Tang, D.Y...... 221 30 372 44 43 235 222 30 Quiney, Harry Morris ...... 104 20 Sidiroglou, Fotios ...... 31 428 429 46 132 23 46 26 Tarasenko, Oleksandr ...... 362 43 81 55 50 46 52 Tasca, G...... 36 51 R Sidorov, Andrei ...... 227 30 Taylor, E...... 322 39 310 37 Tejedor, Silvia ...... 31 50 Rabeau, James R...... 148 25 425 46 Thienpont, Hugo ...... 47 52 Rabinovich, William S...... 360 43 76 55 Thomas, Jens ...... 136 24 Radhanpura, K...... 257 34 Simakov, Nikita ...... 358 42 317 38 Radic, Stojan ...... 313 37 410 45 Thordarson, Pall ...... 268 35 Ralph, T.C...... 411 45 Sinchenko, Elena ...... 134 24 Ticknor, Chris ...... 227 30 Ratnapala, Adrian ...... 224 30 Singh, M...... 76 55 Tikhomirov, Alexei ...... 21 49 Raymond, S.G...... 123 22 Sivan, Vijay ...... 206 28 24 50 Redman, Steve ...... 152 26 Skryabin, D.V...... 248 33 Tissoni, G...... 162 27 Reimers, Jeffrey R...... 52 52 348 42 Tlidi, M...... 249 33 Residori, S...... 142 25 Skupin, S...... 273 36 250 33 Reuter, Kurtis ...... 5 48 Slagmolen, Bram J...... 266 35 Tobar, Michael Edmund ...... 234 31 Richards, Jim ...... 246 32 Sleator, Tycho ...... 424 46 Tomljenovic-Hanic, Snjezana .... 368 43 Richardson, David ...... 101 20 Smirnov, Sergey ...... 321 38 Tonosaki, Yosuke ...... 139 24 Roberts, Ann ...... 326 39 Smith, Trevor A...... 147 25 Torner, Lluis ...... 119 22 327 39 3 47 Town, Graham E...... 18 49 20 49 Soi, M.K...... 83 56 23 50 53 53 Solntsev, Alexander S...... 240 32 Tran, Chanh Q...... 132 23 Robotham, B...... 7 48 Sorin, Wayne ...... 338 40 Tran, Nhut Khai Hoan ...... 37 51 Tredicce, J.R...... 162 27

61 ACOLS ACOFT DS 2009 29th November – 3rd December 2009, The University of Adelaide, South Australia

Treps, Nicolas ...... 405 44 W X Trull, J...... 259 34 Wabnitz, Stefan ...... 164 27 Xiang, G.Y...... 411 45 308 37 Waclawik, Eric ...... 149 25 Xu, Daxiong ...... 41 51 Truong, Gar-Wing ...... 144 25 Wade, Scott A...... 26 50 Xu,Lei ...... 229 31 210 28 Wagner, Katherine ...... 405 44 Xu, Zhiyong ...... 372 44 212 29 433 47 Truscott, Andrew G...... 146 25 Waldmann, Maike ...... 208 28 205 28 Y 245 32 422 46 Yadav, R.A...... 66 54 Walk, N...... 411 45 423 46 Yadav, T.K...... 66 54 Wallace, Samuel J...... 122 22 425 46 Yahya, M.R...... 128 23 Wallace, William C...... 256 34 71 54 26 2 47 Yam, Sui P...... 50 75 55 41 Wang, Fan ...... 335 40 Yan, Binbin ...... 51 Tucker, Rodney S...... 338 40 10 Wang, W...... 259 34 Yang, W...... 48 414 45 36 308 Yoo, D...... 51 Tummidi, Ravi S...... 236 31 37 41 Wang, Xuehua ...... 42 52 Yu, Chongxiu ...... 51 Tuniz, Alessandro ...... 269 35 8 116 Yu, Xiaowu ...... 48 Tünnermann, Andreas ...... 136 24 Warren-Smith, Stephen C...... 22 134 243 32 24 131 Z 317 38 Watkins, Lionel R...... 23 Turitsyn, Sergei K...... 318 38 Weber, Stephen ...... 64 54 Zachorowski, Jerzy ...... 82 55 319 38 Weegink, K.J...... 204 28 Zayats, A...... 348 42 320 38 79 55 Zeller, Eike ...... 216 29 321 38 Weinhold, Till J...... 6 48 Zhai, Yan-Hua ...... 311 37 Turner, Mark ...... 63 54 Westbrook, Chris ...... 303 36 Zhang, Guoquan ...... 272 35 Westbrook, P.S...... 363 43 372 44 U White, Andrew G...... 302 36 Zhang, H...... 221 30 White, Richard T...... 417 45 222 30 113 Underhill, Ian D...... 21 27 50 429 46 Uvarova, Liudmila A...... 238 32 33 51 Zhang, Matthew ...... 138 24 White, T.P...... 239 32 Zhang, Qijin ...... 8 48 V 265 35 34 51 Vainio, Otto ...... 224 30 Whitehead, Lachlan ...... 132 23 Zhang, Qiming ...... 229 31 Vale, Chris J...... 203 28 Wild, Graham ...... 43 52 Zhang, Wen Qi ...... 116 22 224 30 Williams, Frances ...... 115 21 313 37 Van Erps, Jürgen ...... 47 52 Williams, G.V.M...... 123 22 364 43 van Helden, Dirk ...... 262 34 Williams, Robert J...... 136 24 27 50 van Ooijen, E.D...... 204 28 314 37 33 51 18 224 30 49 Zhao, L.M...... 221 30 231 226 30 Wilson, Tony ...... 31 222 30 254 33 Wise, Frank ...... 220 29 429 46 79 55 Wiseman, Howard M...... 413 45 Zhou, Guangyong ...... 229 31 Veitch, Peter J...... 332 40 Withford, Michael J...... 136 24 231 31 334 40 148 25 232 31 358 42 209 28 9 48 408 44 230 31 Zhou, Yuan ...... 337 40 410 45 314 37 Zhu, Bing ...... 8 48 58 53 316 38 Zhu, Huai Yong ...... 330 39 59 53 317 38 Zykov, Vladimir ...... 251 33 Vilaseca, R...... 259 34 18 49 308 37 50 52 Vincent, Robert ...... 55 53 Wolfersberger, Delphine ...... 345 41 Visagathilagar, Yuvaraja ...... 135 24 347 41 Vladimirov, A...... 249 33 Wolﬀ, Holger ...... 425 46 250 33 Wright, T.M...... 253 33 Vo, Trung D...... 247 33 Wu, D.K.C...... 114 21 339 40 Wu, Jing ...... 110 21 340 41 Wu, Jingzhi ...... 329 39 Vogel, Michael W...... 355 42 Wu, Ju-Kuei ...... 205 28 Vu,Khu ...... 218 29 Wu,Ka...... 57 53 Vysloukh, Victor A...... 119 22 Wu, RuGway ...... 425 46 75 55 Wu, Wenxuan ...... 8 48 Wu,X...... 221 30 222 30 Wyant, James C...... 130 23