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Majewski.Vp:Corelventura LEŒNE PRACE BADAWCZE, 2004, 3: 95–106. Tomasz MAJEWSKI* WYBRANE RODZINY CHRZ¥SZCZY (COLEOPTERA), Z SZERSZYM OPRACOWANIEM RODZIN CRYPTOPHAGIDAE I LATRIDIIDAE, JAKO ELEMENT MONITORINGU EKOLOGICZNEGO NA TERENIE PUSZCZY BIA£OWIESKIEJ SELECTED FAMILIES OF BEETLES (COLEOPTERA), WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE FAMILIES CRYPTOPHAGIDAE AND LATHRIDIIDAE, AS AN ELEMENT OF ECOLOGICAL MONITORING IN BIA£OWIE¯A PRIMEVAL FOREST Abstract. The results of the monitoring study on 8 families of beetles (Dytiscidae, Cholevidae, Ptiliidae, Scaphidiidae, Dermestidae, Byturidae, Cryptophagidae and Latridiidae – with more detailed analysis of the latter two), performed in the years 1988–1999, are presented. Altogether 715 beetles belonging to 74 species were caught. In view of rather small number of collected specimens these groups are not suitable for monitoring, but as a supplementary element they enable the better understanding of the species composition of the fauna and its role in forest ecosystems, and thus contribute to more efficient protection of so precious one as Bia³owie¿a Primeval Forest. Key words: Coleoptera, Cryptophagidae, Latridiidae, ecological monitoring, Bia³owie¿a Primeval Forest, NE Poland. *ul. Zawadzkiego 16/10, 62-600 Ko³o 96 T. Majewski 1. WSTÊP Puszcza Bia³owieska (PB) jest jednym z najwiêkszych i najlepiej zachowa- nych kompleksów lasów naturalnych Europy. Aby pozostawiæ j¹ przysz³ym poko- leniom w jak najmniej zmienionej formie, nale¿y po³o¿yæ szczególny nacisk na jej ochronê. By by³a ona skuteczna, konieczne jest poznanie zale¿noœci, jakimi rz¹dzi siê ten ekosystem, sk³adu gatunkowego fauny i flory oraz, co obecnie jest najwiêkszym zagro¿eniem, wp³ywu szkodliwej dzia³alnoœci cz³owieka na œro- dowisko. W roku 1988 na terenie PB rozpoczêto badania entomofauny, jako elementu monitoringu ekologicznego zmian œrodowiska. Prace te, prowadzone na wydzielo- nych powierzchniach, stanowi¹ czêœæ badañ dotycz¹cych doskonalenia technicz- nych i biologicznych metod oceny stanu œrodowiska leœnego. Do tego celu s¹ wykorzystywane niektóre grupy chrz¹szczy, szczególnie drapie¿nych (np. Carabidae, Staphylinidae), jak te¿ grupy z innych przyczyn wa¿ne dla œrodowisk leœnych, a pozyskiwane w liczbie pozwalaj¹cej na analizê zale¿noœci miêdzy ich sk³adem gatunkowym i iloœciowym a np. stopniem zanieczyszczenia œrodowiska. Publikowane wczeœniej wyniki badañ dotycz¹ce mniej licznych grup chrz¹szczy wskazuj¹, ¿e nie s¹ one przydatne w badaniach monitoringowych. Stanowi¹ jednak bardzo cenny wk³ad do poznania sk³adu gatunkowego chrz¹szczy, niejednokrotnie pozwalaj¹c stwierdziæ obecnoœæ gatunków rzadkich, a tak¿e nie notowanych dot¹d z danego terenu. 2. METODYKA BADAÑ W niniejszym opracowaniu omówione zosta³y wyniki badañ przeprowadzo- nych w PB w latach 1988–1999 na piêciu powierzchniach o wymiarach 50×50 m, reprezentuj¹cych 3 typy siedliskowe lasu (BMœw, LMœw, Lœw). Za³o¿ono je w nastêpuj¹cych lokalizacjach: BMœw, starodrzew – powierzchnia nr 1 (oddz. 521D/B), BMœw, drzewostan œredniowiekowy – powierzchnia nr 2 (oddz. 493D), Lœw, starodrzew – powierzchnia nr 3 (oddz. 399C), LMœw, starodrzew – powierzchnia nr 4 (oddz. 317C), BMœw, starodrzew – poierzchnia nr 5 (oddz. 288 C/318 A). Powierzchnie 1i2umieszczone zosta³y w lasach gospodarczych, natomiast powierzchnie 3–5 w Bia³owieskim Parku Narodowym. Szczegó³ow¹ charakter- ystykê terenu badañ zawiera praca Gutowskiego i Krzysztofiaka (1995). Od³owy prowadzono przez ca³y sezon wegetacyjny, pu³apki opró¿niano co 2 tygodnie. U¿ywano nastêpuj¹cych typów pu³apek: – pu³apki Barbera (B); Wybrane rodziny chrz¹szczy jako element monitoringu ekologicznego 97 – pu³apki Moericke'go (M – ustawiane na gruncie, M1 – zawieszone na wy- sokoœci 1 m, Mk – zawieszone pod koronami drzew); – pu³apki foliowe typu ekranowego (“window trap”), trójk¹tne, o powierzchni 0,4 m2 (F – bez œrodków wabi¹cych, Ft –- z terpentyn¹); – metody uzupe³niaj¹ce: od³owy “na upatrzonego” (Up) oraz czerpakowanie (Cz) na stumetrowych transektach. Materia³y dowodowe znajduj¹ siê w zbiorach autora. Nazewnictwo przyjêto za “Katalogiem fauny Polski” (Burakowski i in. 1978, 1983, 1986a, b), z uwzglêdnie- niem zmian bêd¹cych efektem najnowszych badañ. 3. WYNIKI W niniejszym opracowaniu podano wyniki badañ monitoringowych wybra- nych grup chrz¹szczy (Coleoptera) nale¿¹cych do 8 rodzin. Ogó³em, w latach 1988–1999, z³owiono 715 okazów nale¿¹cych do rodzin Dytiscidae, Cholevidae, Ptiliidae, Scaphidiidae, Dermestidae, Byturidae, Cryptophagidae i Latridiidae. Zestawienie danych dotycz¹cych szeœciu z wymienionych rodzin zawiera tab. 1. Rodziny Cryptophagidae i Latridiidae opracowane zosta³y nieco szerzej, przede wszystkim ze wzglêdów faunistycznych (tab. 2, 3). Dytiscidae Z³owiono tylko 2 okazy nale¿¹ce do gatunku – Hydaticus seminiger. Jeden okaz z³owiono w pu³apkê Moericke’go, drugi natomiast w pu³apkê Barbera. Ich z³owienie by³o prawdopodobnie przypadkowe. Dytiscidae s¹ chrz¹szczami wodnymi i jako takie nie maj¹ wiêkszego znaczenia w badaniach entomofauny œro- dowisk leœnych. Cholevidae W PB stwierdzono dotychczas 16 gatunków Cholevidae na 45 wykazanych z Polski. W trakcie badañ monitoringowych od³owiono przedstawicieli 11 gatunków tej rodziny – ³¹cznie 212 okazów (tab. 1). Zdecydowana wiêkszoœæ wpad³a w pu³apki Barbera, nieliczne w pu³apki ekranowe i Moericke’go. Najwiêcej okazów z³owiono na powierzchni 5. (79 okazów), a na powierzchniach 1. i 2. nie z³apano ¿adnego osobnika. Pod wzglêdem iloœciowym przewa¿a³y: Nargus velox –58 okazów, Sciodrepoides fumatus – 45, S. watsoni – 34 oraz Catops picipes –33 okazy. Na powierzchni 5. gatunkami dominuj¹cymi by³y Sciodrepoides fumatus – 42 ok. oraz S. watsoni – 25 ok. Na powierzchni 3. dominowa³y Nargus velox –41 ok. i Catops picipes – 28 ok. Wiêkszoœæ osobników ³owiona by³a na pocz¹tku i pod koniec sezonu wegetacyjnego. 98 T. Majewski Tabela 1. Wykaz chrz¹szczy (Coleoptera) od³owionych w latach 1988–1999 Table 1. List of beetles (Coleoptera) collected in years 1988–1999 Liczba okazów na poszczególnych powierzchniach Rodzaj Daty Rodzina Family Number of specimens pu³apki od³owów Gatunek Species on sample plots Type of trap Catch date 12345å Dytiscidae 001012 × Hydaticus seminiger (DEGEER) 001012M1,B 15.IX–25.IX Cholevidae 0 0 79 36 97 212 × Choleva glauca (BRITTEN) 001001Ft 9.VI Sciodrepoides fumatus (SPENCE)00034245M,Ft 17.V–9.VIII Sciodrepoides watsoni (SPENCE) 00182534F,B 23.V–20.IX Nargus velox (SPENCE) 0 0 41 5 12 58 M, B 19.IV–27.IX Catops nigricans (SPENCE) 001012B 28.VI–16.X Catops tristis tristis (PANZ.) 000112M,B 2.V–28.VII Catops coracinus (KELLN.) 0018110M,B 2.V–14.VIII Catops westi (KROG.) 003025B 31.V–30.VIII Catops nigrita (ER.) 0038819M,M1,B14.IV–13.X Catops chrysomeloides (PANZ.)000303M 13.V–26.VII Catops picipes (FABR.) 0 0 28 0 5 33 B 28.IV–31.X Leiodidae 00603238 × Anisotoma castanea (HERBST) 000011F 20.V Anisotoma glabra (KUG.) 000011F 19.VI Anisotoma humeralis (FABR.)00501318F 20.V–18.VII Amphycyllis globus (FABR.) 000066B 9.VI–18.VII Agathidium seminulum (L.) 000077F 20.V–29.VII Agathidium atrum (PAYK.) 000033M1,B 6.V–29.IX Agathidium nigrinum STURM 001012M1 5.VI Ptiliidae 20201216 × Ptenidium turgidum (THOMS.)000011F 18.VI Ptenidium pusillum (GYLL.)000011M1 26.VIII Ptinella limbata (HEER) 000011F 4.VII Ptinella aptera (GUÉR. -MÉNÈV.)000022M1,F 9.VI–18.VI Pteryx suturalis (HEER) 000011F 4.VII Acrotrichis brevipennis (ER.)200013M1 7.V–21.V Acrotrichis sitkaensis (MOTSCH.)001001M1 23.IV Acrotrichis intermedia (GILLM.)001056M1,F 25.IV–26.V Scaphidiidae 101046 × Scaphidium quadrimaculatum (L.) 100001M1 7.V Scaphisoma subalpinum (REITT.)001023F 25.IV–27.V Scaphisoma boreale (LUNDL.)000011F 26.V Scaphisoma agaricinum (L.) 000011M1 24.V Wybrane rodziny chrz¹szczy jako element monitoringu ekologicznego 99 Dermestidae 003069 × Megatoma undata (L.) 000011F 3.VI Anthrenus museorum (L.) 003058M1 18.VI–16.VIII Byturidae 11 0 14 2 13 54 × Byturus ochraceus (SCRIBA) 11 0 14 1 15 41 M, M1, F, B 6.V–12.VIII Byturus tomentosus (FABR.)0081413M1,Ft,F 15.V–18.VII Razem Total 14 0 106 38 165 337 × Rodzaje pu³apek: B – Barbera; F – foliowa typu ekranowego bez œrodków wabi¹cych, Ft – foliowa typu ekranowego z terpentyn¹; M – Moericke’go ustawiana na gruncie, M1– Moericke’go zawieszona na wysokoœci 1 m Type of trap: B – Barber; F – windows trap without atractant compounds, Ft – windows trap with turpentine, M – Moericke trap on the ground, M1 – Moericke trap 1 m above the ground Byturidae W faunie Polski wystêpuj¹ 2 gatunki z tej rodziny: Byturus ochraceus i B. to- mentosus (Goodrich, Springer 1993). Oba s¹ doœæ pospolite na terenie ca³ego kraju . W BP z³owiono 41 okazów B. ochraceus, do wszystkich typów pu³apek; B. tomen- tosus – 13 okazów w pu³apki Moericke’go i ekranowe. Wiêkszoœæ osobników zosta³a z³owiona w pierwszej po³owie sezonu wegetacyjnego. Scaphidiidae Na 10 gatunków Scaphidiidae stwierdzonych w Polsce, 6 wykazano z PB. W trakcie badañ monitoringowych od³owiono przedstawicieli czterech gatunków z tej rodziny w ³¹cznej liczbie 6 okazów: Scaphidium quadrimaculatum, Scaphisoma subalpinum, S. boreale i S. agaricinum. Wszystkie by³y wykazywane z PB wczeœniej. 4 okazy z³owiono na powierzchni 5., a po jednym na powierzchniach1i3. Dermestidae Dotychczas z terenu PB wykazano 15 gatunków Dermestidae (z Polski 36). W badaniach od³owiono tylko 9 okazów z tej rodziny, nale¿¹cych do dwóch ga- tunków: Megatoma undata –1, Anthrenus museorum – 8 okazów. Pierwszego z nich od³owiono na powierzchni 5. w pu³apkê ekranow¹. Drugi gatunek od³owiono na powierzchni 3. (3 okazy) oraz na powierzchni 5 (5 okazów) – wszystkie w pu³apki Moericke’go. Ptiliidae Z rodziny Ptiliidae w badaniach monitoringowych od³owiono przedstawicieli 8 gatunków (w Polsce 63, w PB 29). S¹ to Ptenidium turgidum, P. pusillum, Pti- nella aptera, P. limbata, Pteryx suturalis, Acrotrichis brevipennis, A. sitkaensis i A. intermedia. Wszystkie by³y wykazywane wczeœniej z terenu Puszczy. Stan poznania tej grupy chrz¹szczy jest wci¹¿ doœæ s³aby. Powodem tego s¹ bardzo ma³e wymiary cia³a oraz trudnoœci zwi¹zane zarówno z po³owem jak i z oznaczaniem. Ogó³em od³owiono 16 okazów Ptiliidae – 7 okazów w pu³apki ekranowe, pozosta³e w pu³apki Moericke’go.
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