DOCSLIB.ORG

Voting Technologies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Voting Technologies Summer 2007 VOTING TECHNOLOGIES The BRIDGE LINKING ENGIN ee RING AND SOCI E TY Bridging Science, Technology, and Politics in Election Systems R. Michael Alvarez and Erik K. Antonsson E-Voting and Democracy in America Gracia Hillman What Happened in Sarasota County? David Jefferson Legal Issues, Policy Issues, and the Future of Democracy Rush Holt Voter Assurance Eugene H. Spafford Voting as an Engineering Problem Michael Ian Shamos Promoting the technological welfare of the nation by marshalling the knowledge and insights of eminent members of the engineering profession. The BRIDGE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF EnGINEERING Craig R. Barrett, Chair Wm. A. Wulf, President Maxine L. Savitz, Vice President W. Dale Compton, Home Secretary George Bugliarello, Foreign Secretary William L. Friend, Treasurer Editor in Chief (interim): George Bugliarello Managing Editor: Carol R. Arenberg Production Assistant: Penelope Gibbs The Bridge (USPS 551-240) is published quarterly by the National Academy of Engineering, 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20418. Periodicals postage paid at Washington, DC. Vol. 37, No. 2, Summer 2007 Postmaster: Send address changes to The Bridge, 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20418. Papers are presented in The Bridge on the basis of general interest and time- liness. They reflect the views of the authors and not necessarily the position of the National Academy of Engineering. The Bridge is printed on recycled paper. © 2007 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. A complete copy of The Bridge is available in PDF format at http://www.nae.edu/TheBridge. Some of the articles in this issue are also available as HTML documents and may contain links to related sources of information, multimedia files, or other content. The Volume 37, Number 2 • Summer 2007 BRIDGE LINKING ENGIN ee RING AND SOCI E TY Editor’s Note 3 Elections and the Future of E-Voting Lewis M. Branscomb 5 Dear Readers George Bugliarello and Carol R. Arenberg Features 6 Bridging Science, Technology, and Politics in Election Systems R. Michael Alvarez and Erik K. Antonsson After the 2000 presidential election, Caltech and MIT initiated the Voter Technology Project to address problems with voting systems. 11 E-Voting and Democracy in America Gracia Hillman The U.S. Election Assistance Commission was established in 2002 to ensure that elections are accurate, accessible, and auditable. 17 What Happened in Sarasota County? David Jefferson The cause(s) of the undervote in the 2006 congressional race in Sarasota County, Florida, are still a mystery. 24 Legal Issues, Policy Issues, and the Future of Democracy Rush Holt Our system of self-government works only if we believe it does. 28 Voter Assurance Eugene H. Spafford For the good of the country, we need voting technologies produced and operated according to the best methods. 35 Voting as an Engineering Problem Michael Ian Shamos We have never encountered a security problem with electronic voting machines. NAE News and Notes A Celebration of Outgoing President Wm. A. Wulf 40 Auf Wiedersehen 41 A Reminiscence about Bill Wulf’s Presidency 42 Bill Wulf’s Remarkable Presidency (continued on next page) The BRIDGE Recent Events 44 Charles M. Vest Elected Next NAE President 45 NAE Elects Foreign Secretary and Councillors 46 Tenth Annual German-American Frontiers of Engineering Symposium 47 Rachelle Hollander Joins Program Office 47 NAE Newsmakers 2007 NAE Awards 50 NAE Honors 2007 Awards Recipients 50 Charles Stark Draper Prize Acceptance Remarks by Timothy Berners-Lee 52 Fritz J. and Dolores H. Russ Prize Acceptance Remarks by Yuan-Cheng B. Fung 53 Bernard M. Gordon Prize Acceptance Remarks by Harold S. Goldberg 55 Grainger Challenge Prize Acceptance Remarks by Abul Hussam NAE Regional Meetings 57 Design: Engineering and Innovation 58 Advancing the Future of Healthcare Delivery 59 Calendar of Meetings and Events 60 In Memoriam 61 Publications of Interest The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self- The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific Acad­my of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the author- to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility ity of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional char- has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on ter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. National Academy of Sciences. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, The National Research Council was organized by the National under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its adminis- science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering tration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal gov- accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the ernment. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engi- Council has become the principal operating agency of both the neering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages edu- National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engi- cation and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of neering in providing services to the government, the public, and the engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered of Engineering. jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respec- tively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org Fall 2006 3 Editor’s Note Elections and the Future Most election officials, even though they have been of E-Voting appointed by a particular party, have been fair and In February, we honored sincere. They understood the tools used to interpret Bill Wulf with a symposium and count votes, and these functions were carried out on a subject of his choosing, without discrimination or fraud. But today, with more The Impact of Technology complex computer-based election technologies and bit- on Voting and Elections in terly contested elections, the burdens of objectivity and the 21st Century. Bill has competence and the need for constant learning have been a tireless advocate increased dramatically. To add to these burdens, the before Congress and the financing of election processes is often inadequate. The Lewis M. Branscomb is Professor nation for improving our training of poll workers and the testing, recounting, and auditing of votes—in fact, almost everything to do with Emeritus, John F. Kennedy School capability and increasing our the administration of voting systems—has been left to of Government, Harvard University, knowledge in all the areas of cyber security. When he counties or parishes (in New England to townships) with Visiting Faculty, School of says, “engineering is design their hundreds of precincts and different ballot styles. International Relations and Pacific under constraints,” he under- Elections were never perfect, even in the world of Studies, and an NAE member. stands that the most impor- paper ballots stuffed into boxes and lever machines with tant constraints are not imposed by the laws of physics. outputs read off of dials. Today, volunteers are faced They are the constraints that arise from the limitations with electronic voting machines manufactured and of human individuals, of socioeconomic institutions, of maintained by private firms that have software that human preferences, fears, and sentiments such as elation hasn’t been rigorously tested and source code that is not and outrage. Nowhere in our society does engineering available to experts of all political persuasions. A few confront these human constraints more seriously than years ago one of those companies was reportedly led by in the functions that sustain our democracy—register- an executive who made no secret of his intention to do ing to vote, voting, tallying the vote, reporting excep- whatever he could to re-elect the president. tions and results, and accepting the certified outcome Voting technology must also make voting accessible with confidence that it reflects the collective intent of to people who speak dozens of languages, have a wide eligible voters. range of handicaps, or may be serving overseas. They The Constitution leaves the rules and means by which must present understandable ballots for voting on local elections are conducted largely to the states, rather than judges, numerous propositions, and candidates for fed- the federal government. Elections often have not only eral and all levels of state and local government. These federal impact (for presidential electors, senators, and non-partisan requirements present many difficulties for representatives) but also state and local impacts (for election officials, who are always trying to minimize governor and many other offices), and they usually take expenditures of cost and time. place on the same day and even the same ballot. Add to this list of constraints an issue on which Almost every important decision about elections is Democratic and Republican state legislators agree: that made by state governments (mostly by secretaries of gerrymandering is a great way to keep all of them in state, who certify election results in many cases with office.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Historical Perspective and Further Reading 162.E1
    2.21 Historical Perspective and Further Reading 162.e1 2.21 Historical Perspective and Further Reading Th is section surveys the history of in struction set architectures over time, and we give a short history of programming languages and compilers. ISAs include accumulator architectures, general-purpose register architectures, stack architectures, and a brief history of ARMv7 and the x86. We also review the controversial subjects of high-level-language computer architectures and reduced instruction set computer architectures. Th e history of programming languages includes Fortran, Lisp, Algol, C, Cobol, Pascal, Simula, Smalltalk, C+ + , and Java, and the history of compilers includes the key milestones and the pioneers who achieved them. Accumulator Architectures Hardware was precious in the earliest stored-program computers. Consequently, computer pioneers could not aff ord the number of registers found in today’s architectures. In fact, these architectures had a single register for arithmetic instructions. Since all operations would accumulate in one register, it was called the accumulator , and this style of instruction set is given the same name. For example, accumulator Archaic EDSAC in 1949 had a single accumulator. term for register. On-line Th e three-operand format of RISC-V suggests that a single register is at least two use of it as a synonym for registers shy of our needs. Having the accumulator as both a source operand and “register” is a fairly reliable indication that the user the destination of the operation fi lls part of the shortfall, but it still leaves us one has been around quite a operand short. Th at fi nal operand is found in memory.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Heritage Foundation
    CHEMICAL HERITAGE FOUNDATION THOMAS E. EVERHART Transcript of an Interview Conducted by David C. Brock and Cyrus Mody As a phone interview and in Santa Barbara, California on 28 March 2007 and 3 May 2011 (With Subsequent Corrections and Additions) ACKNOWLEDGMENT This oral history is part of a series supported by grants from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. This series is an important resource for the history of semiconductor electronics, documenting the life and career of Gordon E. Moore, including his experiences and those of others in Shockley Semiconductor, Fairchild Semiconductor, Intel, as well as contexts beyond the semiconductor industry. This oral history is made possible through the generosity of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. This interview has been designated as Semi Restricted Access. One may view the oral history. However, the permission of the interviewee is required to quote from, cite, or reproduce the oral history. Please contact CHF to request permission. Chemical Heritage Foundation Center for Oral History 315 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106 The Chemical Heritage Foundation (CHF) serves the community of the chemical and molecular sciences, and the wider public, by treasuring the past, educating the present, and inspiring the future. CHF maintains a world-class collection of materials that document the history and heritage of the chemical and molecular sciences, technologies, and industries; encourages research in CHF collections; and carries out a program of outreach and interpretation
    [Show full text]
  • John Mccarthy
    JOHN MCCARTHY: the uncommon logician of common sense Excerpt from Out of their Minds: the lives and discoveries of 15 great computer scientists by Dennis Shasha and Cathy Lazere, Copernicus Press August 23, 2004 If you want the computer to have general intelligence, the outer structure has to be common sense knowledge and reasoning. — John McCarthy When a five-year old receives a plastic toy car, she soon pushes it and beeps the horn. She realizes that she shouldn’t roll it on the dining room table or bounce it on the floor or land it on her little brother’s head. When she returns from school, she expects to find her car in more or less the same place she last put it, because she put it outside her baby brother’s reach. The reasoning is so simple that any five-year old child can understand it, yet most computers can’t. Part of the computer’s problem has to do with its lack of knowledge about day-to-day social conventions that the five-year old has learned from her parents, such as don’t scratch the furniture and don’t injure little brothers. Another part of the problem has to do with a computer’s inability to reason as we do daily, a type of reasoning that’s foreign to conventional logic and therefore to the thinking of the average computer programmer. Conventional logic uses a form of reasoning known as deduction. Deduction permits us to conclude from statements such as “All unemployed actors are waiters, ” and “ Sebastian is an unemployed actor,” the new statement that “Sebastian is a waiter.” The main virtue of deduction is that it is “sound” — if the premises hold, then so will the conclusions.
    [Show full text]
  • John Mccarthy – Father of Artificial Intelligence
    Asia Pacific Mathematics Newsletter John McCarthy – Father of Artificial Intelligence V Rajaraman Introduction I first met John McCarthy when he visited IIT, Kanpur, in 1968. During his visit he saw that our computer centre, which I was heading, had two batch processing second generation computers — an IBM 7044/1401 and an IBM 1620, both of them were being used for “production jobs”. IBM 1620 was used primarily to teach programming to all students of IIT and IBM 7044/1401 was used by research students and faculty besides a large number of guest users from several neighbouring universities and research laboratories. There was no interactive computer available for computer science and electrical engineering students to do hardware and software research. McCarthy was a great believer in the power of time-sharing computers. John McCarthy In fact one of his first important contributions was a memo he wrote in 1957 urging the Director of the MIT In this article we summarise the contributions of Computer Centre to modify the IBM 704 into a time- John McCarthy to Computer Science. Among his sharing machine [1]. He later persuaded Digital Equip- contributions are: suggesting that the best method ment Corporation (who made the first mini computers of using computers is in an interactive mode, a mode and the PDP series of computers) to design a mini in which computers become partners of users computer with a time-sharing operating system. enabling them to solve problems. This logically led to the idea of time-sharing of large computers by many users and computing becoming a utility — much like a power utility.
    [Show full text]
  • Fpgas As Components in Heterogeneous HPC Systems: Raising the Abstraction Level of Heterogeneous Programming
    FPGAs as Components in Heterogeneous HPC Systems: Raising the Abstraction Level of Heterogeneous Programming Wim Vanderbauwhede School of Computing Science University of Glasgow A trip down memory lane 80 Years ago: The Theory Turing, Alan Mathison. "On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem." J. of Math 58, no. 345-363 (1936): 5. 1936: Universal machine (Alan Turing) 1936: Lambda calculus (Alonzo Church) 1936: Stored-program concept (Konrad Zuse) 1937: Church-Turing thesis 1945: The Von Neumann architecture Church, Alonzo. "A set of postulates for the foundation of logic." Annals of mathematics (1932): 346-366. 60-40 Years ago: The Foundations The first working integrated circuit, 1958. © Texas Instruments. 1957: Fortran, John Backus, IBM 1958: First IC, Jack Kilby, Texas Instruments 1965: Moore’s law 1971: First microprocessor, Texas Instruments 1972: C, Dennis Ritchie, Bell Labs 1977: Fortran-77 1977: von Neumann bottleneck, John Backus 30 Years ago: HDLs and FPGAs Algotronix CAL1024 FPGA, 1989. © Algotronix 1984: Verilog 1984: First reprogrammable logic device, Altera 1985: First FPGA,Xilinx 1987: VHDL Standard IEEE 1076-1987 1989: Algotronix CAL1024, the first FPGA to offer random access to its control memory 20 Years ago: High-level Synthesis Page, Ian. "Closing the gap between hardware and software: hardware-software cosynthesis at Oxford." (1996): 2-2. 1996: Handel-C, Oxford University 2001: Mitrion-C, Mitrionics 2003: Bluespec, MIT 2003: MaxJ, Maxeler Technologies 2003: Impulse-C, Impulse Accelerated
    [Show full text]
  • Excellence in Truth and Service
    EXCELLENCE IN TRUTH AND SERVICE ANNUAL REPORT 2014-2015 FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 2015 HOWARD UNIVERSITY 2014-2015 ANNUAL REPORT 1 1 HISTORY OF HOWARD UNIVERSITY 2 LETTER FROM THE CHAIRMAN 3 LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT 5 THE YEAR IN REVIEW 12 STUDENT ACCOLADES 15 HIGH-PROFILE VISITORS 16 ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS 24 FINANCIALS 28 BOARD OF TRUSTEES 29 ADMINISTRATION 2On HOWARD the cover: UNIVERSITY Inauguration 2014-2015 of Wayne ANNUAL A. I. REPORTFrederick, 17th president HISTORY OF HOWARD UNIVERSITY Since 1867, Howard has awarded more than 100,000 degrees in the professions, arts, sciences and humanities. Howard ranks among the highest producers of the nation's Black professionals in medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, engineering, nursing, architecture, religion, law, music, social work and education. The University has long held a commitment to the study of The University competes in 19 varsity sports, including basketball, disadvantaged persons in American society and throughout the football, bowling, lacrosse, soccer, softball, swimming, tennis, world. The goal is the elimination of inequities related to race, indoor and outdoor track and volleyball. Regarded as one of the color, social, economic and political circumstances. As the only most prestigious institutions of higher learning, current enrollment truly comprehensive predominately Black University, Howard is approximates 11,000 students from virtually every state, the one of the major engineers of change in our society. Through its District of Columbia and more than 70 countries. The University traditional and cutting-edge academic programs, the University traditionally has had the largest gathering of Black scholars across seeks to improve the circumstances of all people in the search for the globe.
    [Show full text]
  • In This Issue . . . EDITOR's CORNER
    rvin bse g S O ys th t r e a m E THE EARTH OBSERVER A Bimonthly EOS Publication November/December 2000 Vol. 12 No. 6 EDITOR’S CORNER In this issue . Michael King SCIENCE MEETINGS EOS Senior Project Scientist Aura Fall Annual Meeting ........................... 3 Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy The year 2000 marked a major milestone in the development of the Earth System Science Team Meeting ............. 5 Observing System, with unprecedented new global measurement capabili- The Availability and Status of MODIS Land ties and science results from the EOS satellite Terra, complemented by those Data Products ...................................... 10 from Landsat 7, QuikScat, ACRIMSAT and EO-1. As exciting as this year has Formation of the Science Working Group been, it is merely the beginning of an aggressive and comprehensive on Data (SWGD) .................................. 18 spaceborne global monitoring campaign, and will greatly increase the Terra Science Working Group (SWAMP) frequency and significance of new Earth science discoveries. Meeting ................................................ 20 2nd Science Team Meeting for the Solar Many of these new science discoveries were presented at the Fall American Radiation and Climate Experiment— SORCE ................................................. 22 Geophysical Union conference held in San Francisco in December. Several important Earth science findings were published in a variety of disciplines, DAAC Managers’ Quarterly Meeting ........ 28 including hydrology, atmospheric chemistry, oceanography, and glaciology. The Emerging Committee on Earth Many of these findings were presented during two dedicated Terra sessions. Observation Satellite (CEOS) Working Group on Information Systems and A Terra-biosphere-results session was chaired by Terra Project Scientist Jon Services (WGISS) Test Facility (WTF) — Ranson, and an atmospheric results session was chaired by John Gille and Global Observation of Forest Cover (GOFC) ................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Statement of Deforest B. Soaries Chairman, U.S. Election Assistance Commission Before the U.S
    STATEMENT OF DEFOREST B. SOARIES CHAIRMAN, U.S. ELECTION ASSISTANCE COMMISSION BEFORE THE U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES APPROPRIATION SUBCOMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION, TREASURY AND INDEPENDENT AGENCIES May 12, 2004 Good morning Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee. My name is DeForest B. Soaries. I am the chairman of the U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC). EAC is comprised of four commissioners. Seated at the table with me are Commissioners Gracia Hillman, who serves as EAC vice chair, Paul DeGregorio and Ray Martinez III. Our biographies are attached to this statement. We are pleased to be here this morning to discuss HAVA implementation, the work of the EAC and our Fiscal Year 2005 budget. During the next few minutes, I will describes the progress that has been made to implement the provisions of the Help America Vote Act since its enactment in 2002, including EAC’s accomplishments in the four months that it has been in existence and the important work that lies ahead. As you know Mr. Chairman, the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA) established EAC as a new federal agency, to be headed by four commissioners, who are appointed by the President. The commissioners serve staggered terms and no more than two of them may be of the same political party. HAVA Section 203(a)(4) required EAC to be established no later than 120 days after the enactment date of the law. HAVA was enacted on October 29, 2002; therefore, EAC should have been established by February 26, 2003, but the commissioners were not appointed until December 13, 2003.
    [Show full text]
  • Daily Digest Senate Daniel W
    Wednesday, February 27, 2008 Daily Digest Senate Daniel W. Sutherland, of Virginia, to be Chair- Chamber Action man of the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Routine Proceedings, pages S1217–S1321 Board for a term of six years expiring January 29, Measures Introduced: Three bills and one resolu- 2014. tion were introduced, as follows: S. 2670–2672, and Francis X. Taylor, of Maryland, to be a Member of the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board S. Res. 462. Page S1271 for a term of two years expiring January 29, 2010. Measures Passed: Routine lists in the Air Force, Army, Coast Federal Rules of Evidence: Senate passed S. 2450, Guard, Marine Corps, Navy. Pages S1319–21 to amend the Federal Rules of Evidence to address Messages from the House: Pages S1269–70 the waiver of the attorney-client privilege and the Executive Communications: Pages S1270–71 work product doctrine. Pages S1317–19 Additional Cosponsors: Pages S1271–72 Measures Considered: Statements on Introduced Bills/Resolutions: Troop Redeployment: Senate continued consider- Pages S1272–73 ation of the motion to proceed to consideration of S. 2633, to provide for the safe redeployment of United Additional Statements: Page S1269 States troops from Iraq. Pages S1226–34, S1235–58 Notices of Hearings/Meetings: Pages S1273–75 The motion to proceed was withdrawn. Page S1258 Authorities for Committees to Meet: Page S1273 Global Strategic Report: Senate resumed consider- Text of S. 1200, as Previously Passed ation of the motion to proceed to consideration of S. Pages S1275–S1317 2634, to require a report setting forth the global Record Votes: One record vote was taken today.
    [Show full text]
  • The Clinton Administration and Recognition of Women's
    THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION AND RECOGNITION OF WOMEN’S RIGHTS1 KAREN GARNER Abstract: Summarizing various dimensions of transformative social change sought by transnational feminists, political scientist Mary Hawkesworth wrote in 2006: “Social change includes issue creation and agenda setting, transformation of prevailing discourses, and modification of global conventions, as well as the alteration of the procedures and policies of national governments and international institutions” (Hawkesworth, 2006, p. 68).2 All these social change components were in play as feminist activists sought to transform the substance and conduct of U.S. foreign policy during the Clinton Administration, (1993- 2001). This paper assesses events that took place during the first two years of President Clinton’s tenure in office and explains how “the administration,” that is, liberal feminist allies working inside the State Department and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), responded in limited but consequential ways to pressing women’s rights issues that feminist organization activists working outside of government defined. These two years coincided with two important United Nations world conferences: the 1993 UN World Conference on Human Rights (HRC) and the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD). In the 1990s, feminist nongovernmental organization activism coalesced around a series of UN conferences that marked the end of the Cold War era. Scholars often cite this NGO activism as the driving force that elevated gender consciousness among governments worldwide and stimulated the creation of a variety of national women’s policy offices to address social, political, and economic inequalities between women and men, as well as an array of women’s human rights issues.3 During this time, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Memorial Tributes: Volume 12
    THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://nap.edu/12473 SHARE Memorial Tributes: Volume 12 DETAILS 376 pages | 6.25 x 9.25 | HARDBACK ISBN 978-0-309-12639-7 | DOI 10.17226/12473 CONTRIBUTORS GET THIS BOOK National Academy of Engineering FIND RELATED TITLES Visit the National Academies Press at NAP.edu and login or register to get: – Access to free PDF downloads of thousands of scientific reports – 10% off the price of print titles – Email or social media notifications of new titles related to your interests – Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. (Request Permission) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 12 Memorial Tributes NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 12 Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 12 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Memorial Tributes Volume 12 THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS Washington, D.C. 2008 Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Memorial Tributes: Volume 12 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-12639-7 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-12639-8 Additional copies of this publication are available from: The National Academies Press 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Lockbox 285 Washington, D.C. 20055 800–624–6242 or 202–334–3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area) http://www.nap.edu Copyright 2008 by the National Academy of Sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • Ieee Founders Medal Recipients
    IEEE FOUNDERS MEDAL RECIPIENTS 2020 JEN-HSUN HUANG “For visionary leadership of NVIDIA and the CEO, NVIDIA, Santa Clara, development of GPU fueling the Artificial California, USA Intelligence revolution.” 2019 ROBIN KEITH SAXBY “For achievements in developing a globally Former CEO, ARM, London, UK successful electronics enterprise with an innovative approach to licensing of Intellectual Property.” 2018 N.R. NARAYANA MURTHY ”For visionary leadership at Infosys contributing to Founder, Infosys, Banglalore, human progress through technology and for India advancing corporate ethics and social responsibility.” 2017 TAKEO KANADE “For pioneering and seminal contributions to Professor, Carnegie Mellon computer vision and robotics for automotive safety, University, Pittsburgh, facial recognition, virtual reality, and medical Pennsylvania, USA robotics.” 2016 NOT AWARDED 2015 JAMES PLUMMER “For leadership in the creation and support of Dean, School of Engineering, innovative, interdisciplinary, and globally focused Stanford University, Stanford, education and research programs.” California, USA 2014 ERIC SCHMIDT “For transforming global access to information Chairman, Google, Inc., through his leadership and technological Mountain View, California, USA contributions.” 2013 LEO L. BERANEK “For leadership as a co-founder of a premier Founder (Retired), Bolt consulting firm that shaped modern acoustical Beranek and Newman (now practice and laid the groundwork for the Internet, Raytheon BBN Technologies), and for public service.” Cambridge, MA, USA 2012 FAQIR CHAND KOHLI “For early vision and pioneering contributions to Former Director, Deputy the development of the IT industry in India.” Chairman, Tata Consultancy Services, Mumbai, India 2011 JAMES F. GIBBONS “For leadership in engineering research, education Professor of Electrical and administration, and for building bridges Engineering, Stanford between academia and industry." University, Stanford, CA, USA 2010 PAUL E.
    [Show full text]