DOCSLIB.ORG

Adamites and Preadamites

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Adamites and Preadamites A DA M I T E S — A ND P R EA DA M ITES , L D A LE! A NDER WI NCHE LL , L . S! R ACUSE , N . ! o H N T R O B E R T j _ . S . 1 878 . P r ic e . 1 5 C e n t s . l a M 0 A Po p u lar D isc u ss1o n t C O NC E R N I N G T h e R e m o te R e p re s e n ta tiv e s o f th e H u m a n S p e c ie s a n d the ir R e l a ti o n to the l i l A d a m B i b c a . —E \f A E! A N ER WI NCHE LL D L D LL , . , ’ P m ’x mr o Geolo a n d 20510 in S raczzxf Un iversz v a n d o H is/01 7m l fi f gy 57 y é , f ’ Geo/Ogy a zz a 2051050! in 171 8 V [O riginally pub lished in the Northern Christian A dvoca te ! S ! SE N ! R A C U , . H N T B E T S . J O . R O R 1 878 . NE P R I NTED B! M A STE RS STO , S SE N ! . ! R A C U , . t t t mmqr trai Eqraiamiis, H A PT C E R I . A S A A I D T H M A N G C O U S U C . 1 6 b oo k in I n 55 a small appe ared Paris , which had for i ts t itle “ ” - f - m o . n the unheard subj ect , Pre Ada ite s I t was writte in Latin , ' ’ ' an d i ts full title was as follows : P ree szz ’e E x ercz tatzo ' ’ ' ' ' ’ su er Vfrszbus duaa z mo dfcz mo l eriza ef (Zed /120 uarto (tipith uz n fl p a , q , / g ’ ’ ' ’ ‘ to/ e P a n/i a R I/1072 ul y : z mzu zmzu r P rz m m n : E zs ( D . d O 05 l c i H o i g p , g te A dana /m 5071 0975 b oo k an . The appeared anonymou sly ; and those acqu ainted with the sp irit o f the domin an t eccl esiasticism r o f that date w il l readily divine the motive of its au thor . I t ve y b P e rere soon became known , howeve r , that it was writ ten y La y , w a e P r riu e e s. a D u tch ecclesiastic , hose n ame when L tiniz d was y The work was an attemp t to p rove from bib lical au thority that a men m u st have lived on the earth before Adam . Within a year p are o f p e d its complement , from th e p en the same au tho r , in which ‘ th e whole subj ect was newly argued an d more tho ro ughly disc ussed. This was a “ Theol ogical Sy stem based on the Hypothesis of Pre tw o ma Adam ites . The works y now occasionally be foun d in l . on e vo ume T he Syracuse University po ssesses a copy . o f The following year a book appeared in London , the title r o f t o f a - A damitre which is a literal t anslat ion hat Pr e , bu t it Th ol ic um o f Pe rerius inclu des al so th e Systema e og y . In the undeveloped stage of scientific inqu i ry existi ng tw o and 0 a quarte r cen tu rie s ago , it is ce rtain that no in vestigation res p ect ’ ing l re - Adamites coul d have been cond ucted o n t rue anth r o p o A DA MI TE S A ND ! P R E AD A MI TE S 4 . I n logical princ iples . Europe the B ible was the sou rce and basi s f Whatever the o all belief. ecclesiastical au thorities had accepted i t l Whatever an d san ctione d was h eld o be taugh t by the B i b e . the ecclesiastical au thorit ies did not understand the B ible to teach w as of den ou nced as h eresy . The me aning the B ible was ext racte d o f accord ing to th e canon s grammar . Th ere are doctors high i n au thority amongst u s at this day , who maintain that grammatical structu re an d H ebre w u sage are s uffici en t to l igh t the way to the f f t I meanin g o th e dark est passages o revel a ion . suppose a knowl edge o f Hebrew h istory an d u sages is admitted to shed its ligh t u pon int erp retation , becau se the text i s generall y occu pied with W J ewish affairs . Bu t the in sp ired ri ters have sometimes plu nged into the mid st o f th e p rofou n d an d mysteriou s facts of science all our know l ed e o f why n ot , then , summon g to the task evoking th e o f ! I and m ean ing th e t ext m ain tain , again st the n arrow pern i cions dogm a that the B ibl e i s sufficient everywh ere to interpre t a o n t u n itself, th t , the con rary , it was ordained to be in te rpreted der the c o ncen trate d l igh t o f all the learn ing which has been - I created by a God given in telligence in man . believe that the all t Bibl e w as writ ten for tim e , an d t ha its mean ing is so deep an d so rich that the accumulated l earn ing of the latest generation o f m n e will be un able to exhau st it . tw o No t so the contemporaries of P eyrerius . Even whe re or more diffe ren t m ean in gs of the tex t were e qu ally grammatical an d legitimate , th at was hel d to be th e tru e m eaning which accorded s be t wi th cu rren t bel iefs . An al ternat ive interpretation , when once promulgated , was h eld to be d ivine tru th , as absolute and au thoritat ive as if n o oth er in terp retation were possible . Per haps th e well -establ ished in fallibility of the chu rch had an interest No in con sistency . m atte r if i t concerned a fact of a pu rely sci en tific o n or secular character , the verdict was hel d as bindin g the conscience as if the chu rch had been in possession of all p o s sible scien ce . According to th e evidence t ill then available for the formation “ u of op inion , it had been hel d th at Adam was absol tely th e fi rst be in g th at could be calle d a man ; an d that he w as create d in of the possession a cul tu re such as we call enligh ten ed . From . to time immemorial , biblical scholars had u nderstood th is be th e 5 A SA GA CIO US D UT CH MAN . f on o . meaning Genesis I t was , therefore , only bibl ical grou nds - a th at P eyre rius based the n ew doctrin e o f Pre Adam ites . S t . P u l to o f 1 2th was held teach the existence men before A dam , in the , 1 3 th and i 4 th ve rses of th e 5th chapter of h is ep istl e to th e R 0 o n e man s , Wherefore , as by man sin en tered into the world , etc Now i t is no part o f my pu rpose to exh ibit th e scrip tu ral argu — o n men t one side o r the other . M any of m y readers can d o that u better than I . My p rpose is to bring forward certain scien tific a l eave e x e esis f cts having a bearing on th at qu est ion , an d to g to summon these importan t facts legitimately to its aid . Bu t th e P e reriu s o f writin gs of y p ossess , in the p resen t statu s sc ience , an x to e t rao rdin ary interest . H e was th e first promulgate to the o f - of world the idea Pre Adam ites . T he fi rst en un ciator the ide a was p rompte d only by bibl ical considerat ion s , and he has given at l east an ou tl ine of t he scriptural argu men t in support o f the h o f hypot esis .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Part 5: Some Spiritual & Moral Truths in Gen
    799 Part 5: Some Spiritual & Moral Truths in Gen. 1-11, continued. (Part 5, Chapter 5) b] The Old & New Testament Jew-Gentile distinction. The New Testament sometimes uses a threefold distinction of Jews, Gentiles, and Samaritans (Acts 1:8), or a “Greeks” and “Barbarians” distinction (Rom. 1:14). But it most commonly uses a Jew-Gentile distinction (e.g., Rom. 1:16). One element for understanding the racial universality of the Gospel is the Jew-Gentile distinction. E.g., the racial universality of the Gospel is taught by it in Gal. 3:28, “There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus.” And God’s will for the preservation of the Jewish race in Rom. 9-11, manifests his will for racial preservation and associated opposition to generalized miscegenation. Thus e.g., as discussed in the following Part 5, Chapter 5, section c, Bob Jones Sr. (d. 1968), who was a past master of some key elements of Biblical racial morality, to wit, segregation and opposition to mixed marriages, so used this Jew-Gentile distinction for the purposes of e.g., teaching racial segregation. And likewise, the Jew- Gentile distinction is seen in both segregation and prohibition of racially mixed marriages in Acts 15 & 21 as discussed at Part 5, Chapter 5, section e, “Mixed Marriages,” infra , where it is noted that the holy Apostle, St. Paul, died a martyr’s death that men might know that God’s will is for the segregation of the races.
    [Show full text]
  • The Following Essay Was Published in Struggles in the Promised Land , Ed
    [The following essay was published in Struggles in the Promised Land , ed. Jack Salzman and Cornel West (New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997) 21-51. It appears here substantially as published but with some additions indicated in this color .] THE CURSE OF HAM: A CASE OF RABBINIC RACISM? David M. Goldenberg In 1604 Fray Prudencio de Sandoval had this to say about the Jew and the Black: Who can deny that in the descendants of the Jews there persists and endures the evil inclination of their ancient ingratitude and lack of understanding, just as in the Negroes [there persists] the inseparable quality of their blackness. 1 His linking of Jew and Black was not unusual. Indeed, the explicit and implicit comparison of these two peoples is found throughout western literature over many centuries. Leslie Fiedler may have been right when he said, “Surely the Negro cannot relish...this improbable and unwanted yoking any more than the Jew.” Nevertheless, yoked they are, at least in the minds of the rest of the world. At various times and in various places, both peoples were said to be genetically diseased, physically and intellectually inferior, cursed by God, oversexed, more animal than human, ugly, smelly, and, of course, associated with the devil. From Jerome and Augustine, who saw biblical Ham as typologically the Jew while biologically the Black, to the 1930’s American graffito “A nigger is a Jew turned inside out,” these two peoples have been typecast as reflections of one another, and as substitutes for one another in society’s categorization of the Other.
    [Show full text]
  • And the Hamitic Hypothesis
    religions Article Ancient Egyptians in Black and White: ‘Exodus: Gods and Kings’ and the Hamitic Hypothesis Justin Michael Reed Department of Biblical Studies, Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Louisville, KY 40205, USA; [email protected] Abstract: In this essay, I consider how the racial politics of Ridley Scott’s whitewashing of ancient Egypt in Exodus: Gods and Kings intersects with the Hamitic Hypothesis, a racial theory that asserts Black people’s inherent inferiority to other races and that civilization is the unique possession of the White race. First, I outline the historical development of the Hamitic Hypothesis. Then, I highlight instances in which some of the most respected White intellectuals from the late-seventeenth through the mid-twentieth century deploy the hypothesis in assertions that the ancient Egyptians were a race of dark-skinned Caucasians. By focusing on this detail, I demonstrate that prominent White scholars’ arguments in favor of their racial kinship with ancient Egyptians were frequently burdened with the insecure admission that these ancient Egyptian Caucasians sometimes resembled Negroes in certain respects—most frequently noted being skin color. In the concluding section of this essay, I use Scott’s film to point out that the success of the Hamitic Hypothesis in its racial discourse has transformed a racial perception of the ancient Egyptian from a dark-skinned Caucasian into a White person with appearance akin to Northern European White people. Keywords: Ham; Hamite; Egyptian; Caucasian; race; Genesis 9; Ridley Scott; Charles Copher; Samuel George Morton; James Henry Breasted Citation: Reed, Justin Michael. 2021. Ancient Egyptians in Black and White: ‘Exodus: Gods and Kings’ and Religions the Hamitic Hypothesis.
    [Show full text]
  • MEDLINE Definitions of Race and Ethnicity and Their Application to Genetic Research
    CORRESPONDENCE 10. Royal College of Physicians. Retention of Medical 12. Medical Research Council. Human Tissue and 14. Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Human Tissue: Ethical Records—with Particular Reference to Medical Biological Samples for Use in Research: Operational and Legal Issues. (Nuffield Council Publications, Genetics 2nd edn. (Royal College of Physicians and Ethical Guidelines. (Medical Research Council London, 1995). Publications, London, 1998). Publications, London, 2001). 15. Human Genome Organization (HUGO) Ethics 11. Medical Research Council. Personal Information in 13. Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Genetic Screening: Committee. Statement on the Principled Conduct of Medical Research. (Medical Research Council Ethical Issues. (Nuffield Council Publications, Genetics Research. (HUGO International, London, Publications, London, 2000). London, 1993). 1996). MEDLINE definitions of race and ethnicity and their application to genetic research To the editor MeSH defines ethnic group as “a group of ‘Hamitic-Semitic’ subjects are referred to in Over the last five years, the use of MEDLINE people with a common cultural heritage that two articles8,9. From the Negroid racial stock has increased more than ten-fold, attesting to sets them apart from others in a variety of definition, ‘Hottentots’ returns a handful of the importance of the database in the social relationships.” MeSH lists 13 such articles, mostly historical. ‘Negrillos’ and scientific community (see http://www.nlm. groups, drawn primarily from United States ‘Half-Hamites’
    [Show full text]
  • The Hamitic Hypothesis; Its Origin and Functions in Time Perspective Author(S): Edith R
    The Hamitic Hypothesis; Its Origin and Functions in Time Perspective Author(s): Edith R. Sanders Source: The Journal of African History, Vol. 10, No. 4 (1969), pp. 521-532 Published by: Cambridge University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/179896 . Accessed: 08/05/2014 00:32 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Cambridge University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of African History. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.95.104.66 on Thu, 8 May 2014 00:32:32 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Journal of African History, x, 4 (I969), pp. 521-532 521 Printed in Great Britain THE HAMITIC HYPOTHESIS; ITS ORIGIN AND FUNCTIONS IN TIME PERSPECTIVE1 BY EDITH R. SANDERS THE Hamitic hypothesis is well-known to students of Africa. It states that everything of value ever found in Africa was brought there by the Hamites, allegedlya branchof the Caucasianrace. Seligmanformulates it as follows: Apart from relatively late Semitic influence... the civilizationsof Africa are the civilizations of the
    [Show full text]
  • The Three Families of Man By: Ray C
    Title: The Three Families of Man By: Ray C. Stedman Scripture: Genesis 9:18-28 Date: Unknown date in 1968 Series: Understanding Society Message No: 10 Catalog No: 330 The Three Families of Man by Ray C. Stedman In our present series we are attempting to un- Chapter 9 we learn the distinctive contribution that derstand society as it is revealed to us in the each family group is intended to make to the human Scriptures. Perhaps no passage of the Scripture is race. Each contribution is different, unique, and it more helpful and significant to aid us in this than can be demonstrated in society that this is why God the latter half of Chapter 9 of Genesis, the passage has divided the race into three families. This is a we will look at now. Here we shall learn the true secret that sociologists have largely lost sight of, divisions of mankind and also of the existence of a and, therefore, many of their ideas and concepts very dangerous trait that infects society, breaking about society are faulty. We need very much to out in sexual perversions from time to time and return to an understanding of this passage. place to place. This will help us greatly in under- These divisions have been already hinted at in standing what is happening in our own time. the order of the names of the sons of Noah. It is remarkable how much significance Scripture hinges In the eighteenth verse of Chapter 9 is a brief upon apparently trivial distinctions that it makes, summary of the passage: and especially so in the matter of order.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthropology, Colonialism, and Race in Africa
    JASs forum What is race today? Scientific, legal, and Journal of Anthropological Sciences social appraisals from around the globe Vol. 96 (2018), pp. 213-219 doi 10.4436/JASS.96017 Structure, project, process: anthropology, colonialism, and race in Africa Jemima Pierre University of California, Los Angeles e-mail: [email protected] Other than apartheid South Africa, there is in contemporary Africa. Specifically, I argue that very little contemporary discussion of or engage- it is not so much that race does not matter on ment with race – as concept, ideology, identity, the African continent in places outside of South and practice – on or about the African conti- Africa. It is, instead, that research and scholar- nent. Yet, “Africa” itself is a racialized construct, ship on Africa have been unable to address the and African peoples have been the primary foil complexities of race making particulary key dis- for the modern construction of race. The emer- tinctions between race, racialization processes, gence of racial science depended on particu- and practices of racism. This essay, thus, is in two lar notions of African difference, a difference parts. In the first section, I lay the groundwork deemed inherent, absolute, and inferior. “Africa” by demonstrating the ways that early anthropo- has served as scaffolding for an entire intellectual logical writings actually depended on studies of tradition promoting the idea of European and race and Africa. Here, the work of anthropolo- “western” superiority. As anthropologist Michel- gist Charles G. Seligman evidences a particular Rolph Trouillot pointed out, it was constructed trend of the early racializing and racist scholar- as the antithesis of Europe,” the “savage-object” ship that served as justification for the violence of the so-called “west 1991”.
    [Show full text]
  • Race As a Legal Concept
    University of Colorado Law School Colorado Law Scholarly Commons Articles Colorado Law Faculty Scholarship 2012 Race as a Legal Concept Justin Desautels-Stein University of Colorado Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/articles Part of the Conflict of Laws Commons, Jurisprudence Commons, Law and Race Commons, and the Legal History Commons Citation Information Justin Desautels-Stein, Race as a Legal Concept, 2 COLUM. J. RACE & L. 1 (2012), available at https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/articles/137. Copyright Statement Copyright protected. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Colorado Law Faculty Scholarship at Colorado Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by an authorized administrator of Colorado Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. +(,121/,1( Citation: 2 Colum. J. Race & L. 1 2012 Provided by: William A. Wise Law Library Content downloaded/printed from HeinOnline Tue Feb 28 10:02:56 2017 -- Your use of this HeinOnline PDF indicates your acceptance of HeinOnline's Terms and Conditions of the license agreement available at http://heinonline.org/HOL/License -- The search text of this PDF is generated from uncorrected OCR text. -- To obtain permission to use this article beyond the scope of your HeinOnline license, please use: Copyright Information 2012 COLUMBIA JOURNAL OF RACE AND LAW RACE AS A LEGAL CONCEPT JUSTIN DESAUTELS-STEIN* Race is a /el cocpangie a/Il corncepts, it is a matrix of rules.
    [Show full text]
  • From the "Turkish Menace" to Exoticism and Orientalism: Islam As Antithesis of Europe (1453–1914)? by Felix Konrad
    From the "Turkish Menace" to Exoticism and Orientalism: Islam as Antithesis of Europe (1453–1914)? by Felix Konrad During their often difficult encounters with their Muslim neighbours in North Africa and the Middle East over many cen- turies, Europeans developed various discourses describing Islam and Muslims as "the other". These discourses of al- terity helped to affirm European identity and to spread various prejudices and stereotypes that proved very durable, though they were subject to ongoing change. This survey article analyses the image of Islam from the mid-15th to the early 20th century. It focuses on the perception of Islam that prevailed during the Renaissance and Reformation, which was based on religious differences and was influenced by the perceived threat of the Ottoman Empire. It thematizes the transformation of this image around 1700 as an enthusiasm for the Orient, which emphasized its exoticness, devel- oped and as secular considerations began to take precedence over religious criteria. The article also examines Orien- talist discourses of the 19th century that were informed by a European sense of superiority and that defined Europe and Islam as two antithetical civilizations. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. The Image of Islam in the Era of the "Turkish Menace" 3. The Image of Islam in the Discourses of the Enlightenment 4. The Image of Islam in Imperialism and Orientalism 5. Future Perspective 6. Appendix 1. Sources 2. Bibliography 3. Notes Citation Introduction In spite of the considerable commonalities that Christianity and Islam have shared and although there have been sev- eral periods of cordial relations and cultural exchange, the history of interaction between European Christian societies and their Middle Eastern Islamic counterparts has also been one of conflict and aggression, of polemics and demarca- tion.
    [Show full text]
  • In Search of the Historical Adam: Part 2
    In Search of the Historical Adam: Part 2 Dick Fischer P. O. Box 50111, Arlington, VA 22205 From PSCF 46 (March 1994): 47. In this article, the second in a series of two, the culture that surrounded the early Adamites in Southern Mesopotamia starting about 5000 to 4000 BC is examined. Early cuneiform writings and inscriptions speak about an historical figure that could have been Adam of Genesis. The Sumerian king lists of early pre-flood rulers begin with "Alulim," the probable equivalent of Adam. Eridu, the oldest city in Southern Mesopotamia, dating to about 4800 BC, is the most likely place to have been Eden, the original home for Adam and his kin. Even the word "Eden" apparently was derived from the Sumerian "edin," meaning "plain," "prairie," or "desert." "Enoch," the city Cain built in the pre-flood period corresponds with "Eanna(k)," a Sumerian and Semite post-flood site. Thus the early passages of Genesis are seen as factually relevant, and an integral part of secular pre-history. Cuneiform inscribed clay tablets discovered in Mesopotamian excavations have given archaeologists a picture of a civilization almost totally unknown only one hundred years ago .1 These have given us valuable insights into the history, religion, and racial diversity in the region. And some of these tablets contain references that may appear to pertain to Adam of the Bible. The Legend of Adapa Related to Adam Several fragments of the "Legend of Adapa" were taken from the Library of Ashurbanipal (668-626 BC) at Ninevah. One was also found in the Egyptian archives of Amenophis III and IV of the fourteenth century BC.
    [Show full text]
  • 71. Genesis Unleashed
    October 10, 2020 Genesis Proclaimed Association www.genesisproclaimed.org Email: [email protected] Genesis Unleashed Dick Fischer Enough archaeological artifacts and pieces of literature have been recovered from the ancient Near East in recent years touching on Genesis characters and events to highlight the need for making necessary English translation adjustments to the sacred text. Rooted in the 1611 King James Version, Genesis has blossomed into puzzling modern versions to keep us perplexed even today. Just a cursory reading of the Genesis 2-11 narrative places early patriarchal history within the context of the Neolithic Period in southern Mesopotamia, present-day Iraq, beginning no earlier than 7,000 years ago, whereas our species has occupied earthly domains for hundreds of thousands of years. Old Testament commentators have shown some awareness of ancient Near East literature in recent years, but typically do not dig deep enough to recognize its value. If these much-maligned chapters of Genesis are translated and understood as Adamic/Semitic history, not as human history, they make perfectly good sense. Only the King James Version is examined here, but the principles apply to all translations. Keywords: Genesis, Adam, Adam and Eve, Seth, Cain, Enoch, Noah, Flood, Sumerians, Akkadians, Eridu, Mesopotamia, Near East, Tigris, Euphrates, Ziusudra, Gilgamesh, Sumerian King List, Adapa. Where Did We Go Wrong? Interpretational mistakes with major long-term consequences began with the early Christian Church. When the Apostle Paul set out on missionary trips he visited synagogues seeking out Jews who would listen to the good news the Messiah had come. Considering Jesus to be God in human form was considered blasphemous to many of his Jewish listeners, yet Paul found a few who took his message to heart.
    [Show full text]
  • Racial Groups of India
    Racial Groups of India India is a melting pot of races. It is an ethnological museum. The ancestors of the majority of present population have migrated to India from surrounding territories across the Himalayas. Indian population is constituted of major races of the world. We find people of different races in India. The present population of the Indian subcontinent can be divided into five racial groups- the Negritos, Western Brachycephals, the Proto-Australoids, the Mongoloids, and the Mediterraneans. The Negritos were the first of the racial groups that came to India. Proto-Australoid race came here just after the Negritos and their sources are Australian aborigines. The Mongoloids came to India through the passes of northern and eastern mountain ranges. The Mediterraneans came to India from the south-west Asia. 1. The Negrito: According to him the presence of Negrito race in India is a controversial issue. However, it is claimed that there is an element of Negrito race in Indian population and Negrito element is found in the blood of Andaman Islanders. Further, it is also pointed out that Negrito element is found in the blood of some South Indian tribal people like the Kadar and blood of Nagas. There are some who maintain that there are is no weighty evidence to prove conclusively the existence of Negrito element in Indian population. Whatever evidence is available, according to them, is inadequate to establish the presence of Negrito element in Indian population. Although there is controversy, it may be stated that the Negrito race existed in the past and has left little trace in India.
    [Show full text]