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Journal of Muslim Philanthropy & Civil Society Journal of Muslim Philanthropy & Civil Society Volume 1, Issue 1 Iznik Tiles, 16th century Partnering Organizations: JOURNAL OF MUSLIM PHILANTHROPY & CIVIL SOCIETY i GENERAL CALL FOR PAPERS THE JOURNAL OF MUSLIM PHILANTHROPY & CIVIL SOCIETY The Journal of Muslim Philanthropy & Civil Society (JMPCS), is a bi-annual, peer reviewed, open access journal published by the Center on Muslim Philanthropy in partnership with the IUPUI University Library Center for Digital Scholarship, and the Lilly Family School of Philanthropy at Indiana University. JMPCS seeks original academic research examining the broad scope of Muslim philanthropy and civil society. This peer reviewed online academic journal will publish research related to Muslim nonprofit, philanthropic and voluntary action. The terms “Muslim” and “philanthropy” are defined broadly to be inclusive of cutting-edge research from across the world and disciplines.1 JMPCS is intended to shed light on the dynamic practice and understanding of Muslim Philanthropy. We seek to draw articles by researchers from across disciplines (History, Political Science, Religious Studies, Sociology, Public Affairs, Nonprofit Management, Business, Philanthropy, etc.) and practitioners throughout the world working in this emerging field. Along with standard Research Papers (8000 words) and Book Reviews (1500 words), JMPCS also welcomes Commentaries (short articles commenting in a significant way on, or supplementing arguments and evidence in, a Research Article or a Review Article) of up to 2500 words. Authors are welcome to submit original Research Papers, Book Reviews, and Commentaries dealing with themes relating to the mission of the journal. Editor’s Prize: $1,000 in research funds will be provided to those authors whose work the editorial board deems to be truly outstanding contributions to the journal and the field, after a double-blind review process during the 2017 and 2018 calendar years. The funds will be disbursed upon publication of the article in JCMPS. The winning articles will be determined by the editors of JCMPS. 1 By “Muslim” philanthropy, we mean philanthropic activity of any kind which involves self- identifying Muslim individuals, institutions, communities, and societies as key agents in shaping the context and content of this activity. Given the extent to which any construction of Muslim identity necessarily entails the influence of other faiths as well as various expressions of secular culture, the Journal’s scope is intentionally broad. Our definition of “philanthropy” is similarly broad and encompasses any intentional act of generosity. As such, “philanthropy” is includes practices of generosity ranging from the activity of discrete individuals of all socioeconomic backgrounds to that of not-for-profit organizations, social movements, and a variety of other forms of civic engagement. VOLUME I • NUMBER I • 2017 JOURNAL OF MUSLIM PHILANTHROPY & CIVIL SOCIETY ii Submission instructions All papers should be submitted via the Open Journal Systems. Visit https://scholarworks.iu.edu/ iupjournals/index.php/muslimphilanthropy/about/submissions#authorGuidelines for more details about submitting your work. We hope you will consider submitting your research to the Journal of Muslim Philanthropy & Civil Society. Please contact Managing Editor Rafia Khader at [email protected] with any questions. Editors Dr. Scott Alexander Dr. Shariq Siddiqui Catholic Theological Union Indiana University Editorial Board Dr. Basem Almadani Dr. Barbara Ibrahim Alfozan Academy & King Fahd American University in Cairo University of Petroleum and Minerals Dr. David King Dr. Ihsan Bagby Indiana University University of Kentucky Dr. Amir Pasic Dr. David Campbell Indiana University Binghamton University Dr. Amy Singer Dr. Tariq Cheema Tel Aviv University World Congress of Muslim Philanthropists Dr. David Horton Smith Dr. Kambiz GhaneaBassiri Harvard University Reed College Dr. Alnoor Ibrahim Tufts University VOLUME I • NUMBER I • 2017 JOURNAL OF MUSLIM PHILANTHROPY & CIVIL SOCIETY iii TABLE OF CONTENTS FROM THE EDITORS’ DESK Letter by Co-editors-in-Chief Scott C. Alexander and Shariq Siddiqui…................................ 1 JOURNAL ARTICLES American Muslim Philanthropy after 9/11 Kambiz GhaneaBassiri, Reed College...................................................................................... 4 Fostering Muslim Civic Engagement through Faith-Based Community Organizing Brad Fulton, Indiana University............................................................................................... 23 Giving Behavior in Turkey: Determinants of Individual Donations and Volunteering David Campbell, Binghamton University; Ali Çarkoğlu, Koç University; and Selim Aytaç, Koç Universty..................................................................................................... 40 Exploring the Giving Practices in American Mosques: Why Do Muslims Give So Little to Their Mosques? Ihsan Bagby, University of Kentucky....................................................................................... 51 BOOK REVIEWS Faith and the State: A History of Islamic Philanthropy in Indonesia Review by Rafia Khader, Indiana University........................................................................... 63 VOLUME I • NUMBER I • 2017 JOURNAL OF MUSLIM PHILANTHROPY & CIVIL SOCIETY iv SYMPOSIUM ON MUSLIM PHILANTHROPY Symposium Summary by Rafia Khader...................................................................................... 66 Reflection by David King, Indiana University............................................................................ 68 Reflection by Cathie Carrigan, Indiana University...................................................................... 71 Muslim Philanthropy’s Response to Rising Humanitarian Crises by Tariq Cheema, World Congress of Muslim Philanthropists............................................................................................ 74 Situating Muslim Philanthropy in Time and Place by Barbara Ibrahim, American University in Cairo....................................................................................................................... 78 VOLUME I • NUMBER I • 2017 JOURNAL OF MUSLIM PHILANTHROPY & CIVIL SOCIETY 1 FROM THE EDITORS’ DESK We are pleased to introduce you to the inaugural issue of the Journal of Muslim Philanthropy and Civil Society. An important step in the journey toward creating the Journal began over a year ago when we hosted a Symposium on Muslim Philanthropy and Civil Society at the Lilly Family School of Philanthropy at Indiana University. Together with generous support from the New Frontiers in Research Grant (from Indiana University’s Office of Research), Dr. David King, Director of the School of Philanthropy’s Lake Institute on Faith & Giving, and the Indiana University-Purdue University-Indianapolis University Library, we were able to collaborate with Dr. Gregory Witkowski in convening a group of internationally prominent figures in the study of and engagement in Muslim philanthropy and civil society. The symposium was what we intend to be the first of many opportunities the Journal will offer scholars and practitioners who work in the area of Muslim philanthropy and civil society to share with one another and broader audiences their rich contributions to this emerging field. Before introducing you to the contents of this issue, allow us to say a few words about the way in which we are attempting to employ the categories of “Muslim philanthropy” and, by implication, “civil society.” By “Muslim” philanthropy, we mean philanthropic activity of any kind which involves self-identifying Muslim individuals, institutions, communities, and societies as key agents in shaping the context and content of this activity. This includes any and all activity in which Muslims themselves either give or receive, as well as any activity in which there is an identifiable and significant connection to Muslims and/or Islam. Given the extent to which any construction of Muslim identity necessarily entails the influence of other faiths as well as various expressions of secular culture, the Journal’s scope is intentionally broad as it assiduously seeks to avoid re- inscribing any and all false binaries between things “Muslim” and “non-Muslim.” For example: for us, the frequently referenced concept of the “Muslim world” has little basis in either critical scholarship or Qur’anic discourse. Thus, in terms of geographic regions, there is no area of the world beyond the parameters of our interest. Our definition of “philanthropy” is similarly broad and extends beyond an examination of the activity of wealthy individuals or philanthropic institutions. In essence, we define philanthropy as encompassing any intentional act of generosity. As such, “philanthropy” includes practices of generosity ranging from the activity of discrete individuals of all socio-economic backgrounds to that of not-for-profit organizations, social movements, and a variety of other forms of civic engagement. Such a broad definition is not only in keeping with current theory in philanthropic studies, but also with traditional Islamic definitions of philanthropy that require us to challenge longstanding Western Protestant concepts of philanthropy as “voluntary action for the public good” (Payton & Moody, 2008). Although it is a good starting point, this definition ultimately fails to encompass some of the deepest meanings and structures of philanthropy, especially within the framework of
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