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“Say: Oh God, the Possessor of Sovereignty, He Endows Whom He Wills with Sovereignty”

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“Say: Oh God, the Possessor of Sovereignty, He Endows Whom He Wills with Sovereignty” “Say: Oh God, the Possessor of Sovereignty, He Endows Whom He Wills With Sovereignty” Volume Three Of the History of the Religion-Endowed Kingdom The Felicity-Marked Country of Islam Afghanistan and Dependent Turkistan A Record of the Reign of His Highness Amir fiAbd al-Rahman Khan by Fayz Muhammad Katib Hazarah trans. R. D. McChesney and M. Mehdi Khorrami “And He Removes Sovereignty From Whom He Wills, He Ennobles Whom He Wills and Humbles Whom He Wills” (Printed at the Hurufi Press in the Dar al-Saltanah, Kabul) 1333 (Hijri) 2 Fayz Muhammad “Katib” /378/ He is God, the Sublime In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate Worship of the King of recompense, the One without peer, is well-deserved for the events of all the eras and years of His reign provide but an inkling of His dominion and the occurrences of the days and months are but a vestige of his power. The existence of every creature is through Him and by Him. Every opening and closing is within His comprehension. The greatest of minds stumble in trying to grasp the vastness of His sovereignty. No imagination is capable of penetrating even to the threshold of His grandeur and no calculation will ever complete the reckoning of His favors. Each day to Him is a matter of great moment and every moment of time a benevolence (from Him). Flowing through the heavens is the power of His glory Drawn over the earth are the skirts of His mercy. Kings whose heads on proud necks stand, At his threshold, in supplication, place them on the sand. Praise to the Commander of Prophets and the King of all those now with God and to his Family and Companions, the rays of the moon on the banner of whose prophecy have illumined the earth, and by the light of the garden of whose path, the fields of paradise bloom - Muhammad, the intercessor for all mankind, through whom all hopes are fulfilled. Amma bafid Since, through the assistance of the capable one, the possessor of majesty, and through the making easy the bestowal of good fortune by the auspicious khedive, the possessor of a praiseworthy character, adorner of the throne of world-rule, ornamenter of the diadem of world conquest, deserver of crown and throne, His Highness, the brave and courageous (Lamp of the Government and the Religion) to whose bounty may all the world pay homage, this impecunious writer, this humble, errant, and incompetent one, Fayz Muhammad Katib, has succeeded in completing the writing of volumes one and two of this felicitous book, Sir�j al-taw�rıkh, he has now gratefully undertaken, with happiness and pleasure, to draft volume three. /379/ The Reign of His Highness, Conqueror of the Country Amir fiAbd al-Rahman Khan This padshah who desired the advancement of the government and the enlightenment and good order of the army and the people, was the sixth ruler of Siraj al-taw�rıkh 1298/1800–81 3 the fruitful Barakzai family in the glorious Muhammadzai line. Having witnessed the vicissitudes of the world, having known the trials and tribulations of war, having experienced, because of his frequent peregrinations as detailed in volume two, both the world’s heat and its cold, and having received a sufficient taste of battle and strife, on the 5th of Ramadan 1297, he placed his foot on the throne of world government. By good policies and positive efforts which he carried out in building up the kingdom, organizing the army, and improving the lot of the common people, he gave the Afghans and their country stature in the regions (of the world) and status in the eyes of others, in which—God willing— no reader of this book will deny his worthy qualities and laudable deeds. Rather they will affirm and verify his policies of governing and ruling. Because the British had destroyed the Bala Hisar of Kabul in retaliation for the killing of Cavagnari, he chose to reside for a while at Darwazah-i Sapid-i Shirpur (the White Gate of Shirpur). He initiated his regime and inaugurated his government by organizing the army. Day by day he enrolled in the regular forces (fawj-i ni÷�m) young men in whose countenances signs of courage were clearly discernible. Despite a depleted treasury, he raised the salaries of the troops by one rupee over the seven rupee monthly salary fixed by the late Amir Shir fiAli Khan, thereby giving individual regular infantrymen eight rupees per month and (regular) cavalry twenty rupees. Meanwhile, notables and worthies from all parts of the kingdom, disturbed both by the depredations of the English and by their own assaults on each other because of the absence of a padshah over the tribes, now came group by group to the throne to offer their obedience, obtained the privilege of kissing (3) the sublime threshold, were individually honored with a ceremonial robe (khilfiat), and given leave to return, each to his own home. The first policy which His Highness proposed and executed was the following: He forbade killing and fighting and gave amnesty to all the people of Afghanistan who had come into conflict with others and spilled blood. Word went out that “For every killing, wounding, theft, and assault which has taken place up to now among the tribes residing in Afghanistan no vengeance nor satisfaction should be sought because a lifetime would be needed to resolve them and it would hinder the task of governing and interfere with putting state policies into effect. This would not only make governing difficult (4) but would make it well-nigh impossible (5). But from this day forward, any perpetrator of an unworthy deed will be held strictly to account.” By this decree, all disputes and conflicts which had led to revenge and enmity were suppressed. The Afghans, Hazarahs, Turks, and Tajiks whose hearts were black with hatred for one another and whose minds had never entertained the thought that they could ever be close, now cooperated and lived together in harmony. During this time, His Highness appointed the following governors: Sardar fiAbd al-Rasul Khan to Jalalabad; Sardar Muhammad Sarwar Khan to Ghaznin; Na√ib Sultan Khan-i Afshar to hazarah-i Day Zangi and Day Kundi; Muhammad 4 Fayz Muhammad “Katib” Husayn Khan Farari of the Jawanshir people (qawm) to Hazarah-i Bahsud; Ahmad Jan Khan Tukhi to Qalat; Dilawar Khan to Hazarah-i Jaghuri; fiAbd al- Haqq to Najrab; Ghulam Qazir Khan to Panjshir; and Sahibzadah Mir Aqa to Khust. Similarly he named (other) governors and finance officials (˛ukk�m wa fiumm�l) to all the provinces and localities. During his stay at Darwazah-i Sapid, at His Highness’s order, necessary re- pairs were done on a saray belonging to Mirza Muhammad Hasan Khan, the dabır al-mulk which stood in the Murad Khani quarter (ma˛allah) and the chancellery offices of the state and court (dıw�n-kh�nah-i kh�ßß wa fi�mm) were set up there although it could not accommodate the royal private quarters. At this time, the amir contracted marriage with Qamar Niqab, daughter of the late Mir fiAtiq Allah Khan. On her mother’s side her lineage went back to the Amir-i Kabir (Dust Muhammad Khan). Festivities followed and the amir (now) favored the saray with his presence, moving from the Darwazah-i Sapid and there taking up the duties of state. He assigned Mir Muhammad Husayn Khan, the mustawfi al-mamalik, and his staff (ahl-i diwan) to the state chancellery offices (dıw�n-kh�nah-i fi�mm) the building which is now the Sharifiah Court. Events of 1298 Hijri in Qandahar, Herat, and Elsewhere Three months after he arrived in Kabul and assumed his ancestral throne, His Highness dispatched an old retainer, Khwajah Ahmadi, to Tashkent to escort the princes /380/ and ladies of the harem to Kabul. Khwajah Ahmadi stopped for a while in Mazar-i Sharif and then resumed his journey, eventually being welcomed by the princes. After his arrival, Mirza fiAbd al-Hamid Khan, who enjoyed high esteem because of his piety and long service and who had been charged with serving the two princes and the harem, informed Kaufmann, the governor-general and supreme authority in Russian Turkistan, of the order issued by His Highness regarding moving the princes, harem, and their retainers. Kaufmann agreed. He invited the princes to a royal reception, paraded the regiments stationed in Tashkent in a review before the princes, and opened some of the government workshops (k�rkh�nahj�t) for their inspection. Then he saw the princes and the harem folk off for Afghanistan with all appropriate ceremony and ordered several officers and regular cavalry to escort them. They crossed the Oxus River at the Kilift ford and reached Mazar-i Sharif safe and sound. There they dismissed their Russian escorts and then the entire party—the two princes, the harem, and their retainers —departed Mazar-i Sharif for Kabul. On the 25th of Rajab 1298 (23 June 1881), they reached Kabul where they were welcomed by all the city leaders and notables and by a military honor guard. The princes were received by His Highness and permitted the honor of kissing the royal hand. In the course of the year, Sardar Anbiya Khan Taymani, who had left his people because s Sardar Muhammad Ayyub Khan had raised an army, as was recorded earlier, and having taken refuge in an ungoverned area (y�ghist�n) of Siraj al-taw�rıkh 1298/1800–81 5 Firuzkuh, learned of the joyously auspicious accession of His Highness, Amir fiAbd al-Rahman Khan, to the throne of the Afghan amirate and of the withdrawal of the English army to Hindustan and he drafted and sent off a petition (fiarı„zah) expressing his fealty.
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