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Strategy for Flood Management in Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya (I)

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Strategy for Flood Management in Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya (I) STRATEGY FOR FLOOD MANAGEMENT FOR LAKE VICTORIA BASIN, KENYA Prepared under Associated Programme on Flood Management (APFM) September 2004 STRATEGY FOR FLOOD MANAGEMENT FOR LAKE VICTORIA BASIN, KENYA CONTENTS Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................(iii) Foreword.............................................................................................................................................. (v) Preface................................................................................................................................................(vii) Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................................................(ix) PART I BACKGROUND 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................1 1.1 General..........................................................................................................................1 1.2 Purpose of the Document..............................................................................................1 2. Physical and Social Context ...................................................................................................2 2.1 Lake Victoria Basin and the River System.....................................................................2 2.2 Resources .....................................................................................................................2 2.3 Floods and their Impact .................................................................................................5 2.4 Rural and Urban Development ......................................................................................9 2.5 Future Development Imperatives ..................................................................................9 PART II STRATEGY FOR FLOOD MANAGEMENT 3. Rationale for a Strategy.........................................................................................................13 3.1 Vulnerability of People to Floods .................................................................................13 3.2 Factors Contributing to Increasing Flood Disasters.....................................................13 4. Strategy Formulation Process ..............................................................................................14 4.1 Steering Committee.....................................................................................................14 4.2 Stakeholders Perspective for Future Development .....................................................14 4.3 Policy Makers’ Workshop ............................................................................................15 5. Elements of the Strategy .......................................................................................................15 5.1 Reducing Vulnerability.................................................................................................15 5.2 Reorientation of Approach to Development and Floods ..............................................16 5.3 Integrated Approach to Water Resources Development and Flood Management ......17 5.4 Protecting and Conserving Environment .....................................................................18 5.5 Addressing Weather and Climate Variability and Change...........................................18 5.6 Coordination between Various Ministries and Agencies..............................................18 PART III FLOOD MANAGEMENT POLICY 6. Policy Principles.....................................................................................................................23 7. Policy Elements......................................................................................................................25 7.1 Institutional Arrangements...........................................................................................25 7.2 Organisation Structure.................................................................................................26 7.3 Structural Measures....................................................................................................27 Strategy for Flood Management in Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya (i) 7.4 Non-structural Measures.............................................................................................28 7.5 Community Participation .............................................................................................31 7.6 Capacity Building.........................................................................................................32 8. Flood Forecasting System....................................................................................................33 8.1 Hydro-meteorological Network ....................................................................................33 8.2 Data Acquisition and Processing.................................................................................34 8.3 Flood Forecast Formulation.........................................................................................34 8.4 Dissemination..............................................................................................................35 8.5 Recommendations.......................................................................................................36 PART IV ACTION PLAN 9. Action Plan.............................................................................................................................41 9.1 Short Term Measures..................................................................................................41 9.2 Medium Term Measures..............................................................................................42 9.3 Long Term Measures ..................................................................................................42 PART V ANNEX Annex I Report on the Stakeholders’ Workshop..............................................45 Annex II Reducing Vulnerability of Farmers .....................................................49 Annex III Guidelines for Preparation of Flood Mitigation Master Plans: A Broad Approach ..............................................................................51 Annex IV Coordination Mechanism ...................................................................53 Annex V Collection of Technical Data and Flood Damage Assessment...........55 Annex VI Indicative Guidelines for Watershed development .............................61 Annex VII Capacity Building: Human Resource Development............................69 Annex VIII Flood Forecasting System for Lake Victoria Basin.............................73 Annex IX RANET...............................................................................................85 PART VI SUPPORTING INFORMATION Appendix I Flood Situation in Lake Victoria Basin................................................91 Appendix II Water Availability and Demand in Lake Victoria Basin.....................101 Appendix III Status of Development in Lake Victoria Basin ......................................119 Appendix IV Institutional Arrangements in Water Sector in Kenya .......................133 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................143 Strategy for Flood Management in Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya (ii) ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS APFM Associated Program on Flood Management BCM Billion Cubic Meters CFFO Central Flood Forecasting Office DMC Disaster Management Committees DMU Disaster Management Units DOC Disaster Operations Center FFO Flood Forecasting Office FRIEWS Flood Risk Information and Early Warning System GCM Global Climate Model Geo SFM Geo Spatial Flood Forecasting Model GFFS Galway Flood Forecasting System IFM Integrated Flood Management IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management JICA Japan international Cooperation Agency KMD Kenya Meteorological Department MWRMD Ministry of Water Resources Management and Development NDMA National Disaster Management Authority NEMA National Environmental Authority PC Provincial Commissioner PIA Project Implementation Agency PMF Probable Maximum Flood QPF Quantitative Precipitation Forecast RANET Radio Internet RBOs River Basin Organizations RTH Regional Transmission Hub SHG Self Help Group VFC Village Forest Committee UG User Group WA Water Association WC Water Committee WDC Watershed Development Committee WDT Watershed Development Team WMO World Meteorological Organization WRMA Water Resources Management Authority Strategy for Flood Management in Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya (iii) Foreword Reducing vulnerability and increasing resilience to natural disasters, around 80 percent of which are related to weather and climate, are complex tasks for any community. Preparedness and response measures require a multidisciplinary and coordinated approach. Preparedness and response actions of the various disaster management authorities to prevent or mitigate flood-related disasters are highly dependent on the overall flood management strategy adopted by a country. Absence of a clear strategy and policy for flood management contributes to an increase in the adverse impacts of flood disasters socially, economically as well as environmentally. The availability and proper use of accurate
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