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THE JOURNAL OFTHE Lycoming County Historical Society

VOLUME Xll FALL NUMBER TWO 1976 JOURNAL of the LYCOMING COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY Published SemiannuaLI) in WiLliamsl)ovt, Perms)luanda Museum Office - 858 West Fourth Street Telephone(Area Code 717)326-3326

BOARDOFTRUSTEES RALPH R.CRANMER A. F. BEIGHLEY WALTER J. HEIM WILLIAM E. NICHOLS, JR MICHAELLAGANA ROBERT D.SMINK JOHN R. SHARPLESS,JR. CURRENT SOCIETY PRESIDENT

BOARDOFGOVERNORS

ROBERT D. SMINK, Preszdenf EDWARD J. DURRWACHTER, ird rz'ce Pres JAMES P. BRESSLER,/sf }'zceFrei MRS. EDITH L. WRIGHT, Secretary LORING B. PRIEST, 2nd race Pres HAROLD B.TAYLOR,Treasurer

1975-1 977 TERM 1976-1978 TERM MRS.NORMANINGERSOLL MRS. JOHN W. BITNER MKS.JOHN LINDEMUTH SAMUEL J. DORNSIFE MRS. LEWIS M. SOARS WILLARD A. SCHELL EVERETT W. RUBENDALL CHARLESE.NOYES,SR

EX-OFFICIO BOARD MEMBERS MRS. DONALD ALSTED, RE/)ROSEN'TH T/rE JUNIOR LEAGUE OF WILLIAMSPORT

WILLIAM EALER - I)RES/DEN'T THE GREATER WILLIAMSPORT COMMUNITY ARTS COUNCIL DONALDM.CARSON HISTORICAL SOCIETY RETIRING PRESIDENT SOCIETYSTAFF fXECUT/}/E SECRETARY and EI)/TOR - MRS. KATHRYNJ. CLUTE

VOLUMEXll FALL NUMBER TWO 1976

Extra Copies of The Journal Seventy-Five Cents Each l ]

MUSEUM STAFF CONTENTS

Dive ctor Andrew K. Grugan 4 Patricia Kahle Society Program for 1976-1977 Assistant to D{TectoT Greetingsfrom the President 5 The PennsylvaniaIndian's Broad Horizons ,4dm£nzsfratzue ,aide Jean Laylon by William A. Turnbaugh 6 A Gift Remembered by Mrs. Abraham H. Lopez 1 2 Apple Butter Boiling by BlancheShafer and Illustration by Walter Hartman 1 3 Letter from William Hepburn to Mr. John Painter 1 5 Early Trails and Roads in Pennslrlvaniaby Gladys Tozier 1 6 MUSEUM VOLUNTEER STAFF Ninety-five Yearsof Beth Ha-Sholom by Benjamin Hirsh 2 1 The Squire Hays Homestead 2 9 View of Restored Interior Genealogist ,Mrs . Donald M . Carson Colonial Landmark Preservedin Lycoming County 3 0 The Centennial Observedin Williamsport 3 2 Registration Committee Miss June Foresman Chairman Mrs. Stanley Bassett Miss Ethel Ertel COVER PICTURE: a, b, blades or points; c, cache blade; d e, bladelets: Mrs. FrederickSnell f, platformpipe; g, wolfeffigy pipe; h, i, two viewsof incised ef6lgy (PLATEXX of Man, Land and Time by WilliamA Turnbaugh). Operation Museum Andrew K. Grugan

Pubticit) and Public Relations Andrew K. Grugan

GeneTat Restoration Philip N. Gould

6:CX.(D...233 6:XC)...z}3 6:CS.MM 6 Cuvatoviat Departments Ge7teTa! CuTatov Andrew K. Grugan ,4rchaeo/ogy James P. Bressler, Chairman Willard Schell William Turnbaugh

Avchiues and Records Miss Gladys Tozier, Chief Mrs. Richard P. Foresman RECENT LIFE MEMBERS Miss Jean Little During the past year the Historical Societyhas added twelvenames to its Miss Phyllis Briel list of Life Members:

MissMargaret C. Brown Miss Elsie Harding Education Mrs. Frances T. Davis Andrew K. Grugan Mrs. Lucille P. Metzger Dr. and Mrs. (;eorge A. Durrwachter Miss Grace Irene Pealer Dr. June E. Baskin Miss Helen Foucart Miss Gladys Tozier Mr. and Mrs. A. William Gehron Mrs. George Walters Industv) Francis Maneval Life. Membership payments of $150 are placed in the Lycoming County Historical Society Trust Fund. The income f;om each member's contribution M£nera/s Lewis Harper returns to the Societyevery year the equivalent of the annual dues.

Textiles Mrs. Norman Ingersoll Mrs. Edith Wright Mrs. Leslie Painton l ''1

4 5 SOCIETY PROGRAM FOR 1976-]977

September16, 1976,8 p.m Presentation to the Society of the flag of the local chapter of the Spanish November1 , 1976 American War Veteransand a PennsylvaniaState flag which was flown at the Dear Members: South Pole. Mr. Andrew Grugan will relate the history of the flags on display from the permanent collection of the museum It is with regret that we announce the resignation of Mrs. Kathryn J. Clute as Executive Secretary of the Society and Editor of the Journal, effective August, 1976. October 16. 1976. 9 a.m Kathryn has been a very loyal, dedicated, and efficient officer for the past six years Organizational and group interest meetings of the North Central Pennsylvania and has contributed much to the program and work of our organization during her Historical Association to be held at the Genetti Lycoming Hotel. Mr. James tenure in office. We deeply appreciate her fine work and wish her well. C. Humps will be the luncheon speaker We were fortunate to find a very capable person, Miss Dorothy E. Shultz. to replace Mrs. flute. Many of you already know Dorothy, and I am sure all of you November18, 1976,8 p.m will soon recognizeher as a valuable addition to our staff. Lycoming PresbyterianChurch Choir will present 'A Bicentennial Tribute You have already received announcement of the programs for the 1976-1977 featuring music of periods of American history season. Please plan to attend as many of our meetings as possible. On October 16 our Society was host for a meeting of over ninety interested November20. 1976 members of historical societies in North Central Pennsylvania which resulted in the A fifty-milebus tour of sitesof local historicinterest will be conductedby organization of the North Central Pennsylvania Regional Historical Association. Mr. Andrew Grugan. Objectivesof this new organization include promotion of wider awarenessof historical treasures in the area, the enlistment of financial aid for their preservation, December2, 1976, 8 p.m and gaining support from legislatorsand public officials for zoning and sustaining Annual Christmas program featuring ''Religious Freedom in America and properties of historical significance. The following officers were elected: Thomas R. the opening of a month-long exhibit on the samesubject Deans, president; Thomas T. Taber, 3rd, George L. Fisher, Everett R. Mclaughlin, and Charles M. Snyder, vice presidents; Craig N. Newton, January 20, 1977,8 p.m. corresponding secretary and newsletter editor; Miss Linda Mensch, recording Mr. James P. Bressler will speak on the subject 'Recent Archaeological secretary and Robert D. Smink, treasurer. Speaker for the noon luncheon was Findings in Lycoming County. James C. Humes, author, historian, lecturer, and speechwriter, and a former presidentof our Society.You will be kept informedof the progressand plans February 17, 1977, 8. p.m of the new Association To be announced later The Director of our Museum, Mr. Andrew K. Gnigan, continues to receive accoladeson the quality, educational value and significance of the exhibits he March 23, 1977,6:30 p.m prepares. During the summer vacation months of June, July, and August, more Dinner meeting at Eldred Township Fire Hall, Warrensville. Dr. Homer T. than 3,500persons toured the Museum.Many of thesewere "on the road'' Rosenberger will speak on ''Highlights in the History of the Philadelphia becauseof the Bicentennialand came from all over the United Statesand beyond. and Erie Railroad The concensusof thesefolks was that our Museumis superiorto many,if not most, museumsof larger size. April 21, 1977, 8 p.m The problem of a balanced budget remains with us. While our efforts Annual meeting; program to be announced during the past year have helped to increase all classesof our membership, our costsof operationand maintenancestill far exceedour incomein membershipfees and grants from various sources. At present we are seeking to make up this deficit by contributions to a prize drawing. Please support this effort which was explained to you in our recent letter to the membership. We hopeto haveyour continuedinterest and supportfor our effortsto maintain the Museum as a valuable educational and cultural assetof our area.

Sincerely yours, Robert D. Smink. Ppeszdenf Lycoming County Historical Society '1

6 7 vania's physical landscapealone was however. now about a half mile THE PENNSYLVANIA INDIAN'S BROAD HORIZONS enoughto offer the white settler a in width, and the streamflowed By William A. Tumbaugh psychological and physical deterrent to now against this and then against Westward expansion. the other mountain,among the (An addresspresented at the Lycoming County Historical Society rocks. . . There was considdtable meeting, January 15, 1976.) In 1737. for instance. the famous danger of freezing our feet, as ambassadorto the Indian nations. Con we were often obliged to cross Introduction the (waist-deep) stream, and had Upon their arrival, however,most rad Weiner, somewhat reluctantly became of the newlanders were content to occupy no space to keep our feet warm the first whiteman to travelup the by exercise.... We had to suffer What can be known of Penn- the fringes of the continent. Their settle- Lycoming Creek valley. He was on his from excessivecold. because the sylvania's Indians comes to us largely ments hugged the coast and bays from way from present-day Shamokin to New hard frozen snow was still from the writings of the early settlers, the rocky shores of New England to York's Finger Lakes region to attend a eighteen inches deed in the missionaries and traders who had contact the sandy margins of the Carolinas. great council, and his accountof the vanJey, and. .prevented us from with them, or perhapsthrough the Villages and towns were invariably small trip suggestsa less-than-enthusiastic first walking rapidly.... The woodwas findings of anthropologistsand archaeo- in area, though the housesmight be so thick. that for a mile at a impression of the backwoods: time we could not find a place logists who have studied the first closely clustered behind the protective the sizeof a hand. wherethe Pennsylvaniansduring the past nifty stockadewalls. Activity was confined to (On the 21st of March) we the immediately surrounding area, except ventured to proceedon our sunshine could penetrate, even in years or so. In any event, what has journey to Onondaga.There the clearestday:... In three hours been written of these native people on the seaward side, where ships here now five of us, a; Shikelimo we had not advancedone mile.... has been recorded by white men, since anxiously maintained communication and commerce between the coastal settlements accompanied me, and we were the Indiansdeveloped no written lang joined by a warrior who had It is sucha desolateregion uages.We seethe Indian, then, through and the mother country acrossthe that I haveoften thoughtI Atlantic been on a war expeditionto European and American eyes, and from Virgo.nia, and was going home must die of oppression. time to time it becomesapparent that our in 'the same direction ' as we vision could be clearer. Penetrationof the interior took place were traveling. . . .In the afternoon Such descriptions as these have with surprising deliberation. Although (of the third day) we came to provided the basis for the conception of One instance regardsthe ability of free land was available to the horizon a thick forest. where the snow the American setting as the ''forest was three feet deeo. but not Pennsylvania's prehistoric occupants to and beyond, most families and individuals frozen so hard, which made our primeval", or "trackless wasteland" or find their way across great distancesof would rather suffer the high prices. dismal wilderness". But such views are the American landscapeand to maintain heavy taxes, and alarming filth of the U==.1=''n5: =1i ::= at best semi-legendaryand are certainly communications and trade connections towns than move on. Contrary to the mountains; a small creek flowed misleading to an extent. There were between widely separated areas. Because popular view, westward expansion did immense forested tracts, but even these of the European viewpoint. which not really result from a yearning to 1;:iit£.'":,":£i: :::.=.EppTil: were split by streams, pocked by glades. considered the wilderness to be nearly see what lay over the mountain or a valley was not broader than the and dissected by the trails of numerous impenetrableand repulsive,the Indians hankering to square off against the bed bf the stream. and on both wild game animals. have not generally received acknowl Indians. The vanguard of civilization was sides were frightfully high edgment for their accomplishmentsin largely an unwilling lot, except for the mountains and roi:ks, overgrown And more to the point, Indian paths sustaining wide circles of interaction missionariesand traders who found their with (!hick forest). .The passage crisscrossed every part of Penn's Woods businessin the wilderness.For the others, through here seemedto rhe altb- before and during early Colonial times. gethei impossible,and I at once and provided accessto far-distant regions. it was land pressureresulting from over- advisedturning back. The The European Concept oJ' crowding or soil depletion which urged Indians, however encouragedme Penn.s)tuania Indian TTa£ts the ..4mexican W£tdel.bless themon. Or it wasthe economicor !o .persevere, stating thai in a social pressure felt through the agencies little distance the m(ibntains were For people possessing no horses or For the colonizingEuropean ap- of high taxation, political disenfranchise farther apart, and that we could mechanical vehicles, the Indian trails proaching America's shores, the New ment, or intolerance which prompted easily pri)ceed. I agreed at last World was at once inviting and for- some groups to move to the frontier to go on... which threaded through the forest were bidding Then there were the latecomers, those very satisfactory. These prehistoric routes 'The Indians took the lead. werewell laid out, with an eye to Germans, Scotch-Irish, and others who and clamberedwith hands and On the one hand. mostof the arrived after 1700 and found themselves feet along the side of the both speedand convenience.Trails were newcomers had left Europe because of forced to settle Pennsylvania'shinter- not built up, smoothedor gradedlike mountain; we followed after. I a modern road, but they generally the social, political, economic, military lands, each successivegroup further had a small hatchet in my hand, or religious problems of the Old World, removed from Quaker Philadelphia. with which I broke fhe ice maintained their level so that baggy or because a desire for wealth. adventure to give us a foothold.... (The spots and hard climbs were avoided or missionary activity beckoned them Only a part of the reluctance to snow..preventedus from walking wherever practical. Most trails were fairly to a fresh stage. From these standpoints, take up residence in Penn's Woods high and dry since they followed of course, America was the most desirable had anything to do with threats from :££:qEZ.: .£:::'T:y..?:u5 terraces or ridges when possible. Occa- land in the world. the Indians. Redmen aside, Pennsyl- mountains; the valley being. sionally, seasonalflooding, the results of '1

8 9 windstorms, or fires created problems Our present-day roads often preserve hunters who had crossed the Bering some degree were traded into this area which were best met by the use of the routes of the old Indian paths. The Straits during the last lce Age to become and have been recovered on local sites. alternate routes. trails have simply been modified to ac- the first Americans. About 12,000 years While sometimes including raw materials commodate motorized, wheeled vehicles ago these wanderers reached this area, (such as colorful faints or slates), most Indian trails were much more than often the finished goodsmade from these Despite the obvious improvements, how- probably in pursuit of migrating herd entered Branch simplycounterparts to the paths left ever, the tunnels, deep rock cuts, fill- ;nimals such as caribou or mastodon. materials the West by wild beasts.They were usually direct ings, bridges and other amenities have They no doubt passedthrough the area Valley. Among them are ornamentsand and ran for considerable distances.Often not significantly reduced the distance many times, for some of their distinctive tools, high-status items, ritual offerings, they were provided with rude comforts between two points; most of Penn- tools and points have been found along and small piecesof art. Rituals provided for the traveler. Lean-toswere erected sylvania's roads are not shorter than the the major streamsof the county. the major stimulus for this exchange, along the trails and left for the use Indian trails which preceded them and many of the pieces were intended of those coming after. Trees were blazed Successive groups of Indians over to accompanythe deadto the spirit or stripped of their bark and painted The most travelled highwaysin our Lhenext ten millenia continuedthe same world. to inform of trail conditionsor war area today, following the most practical type of wanderinglifestyle up until parties. Very often, unconsumedportions routes, have been laid over the old foot the development of farming a relatively Sometimes the exchange of these of deer or bear meat were left by paths of the native Indians. Thus, Route short time beforethe Europeanarrival. exotic materials encompasseda thousand the fortunate hunters for trail followers. Distance evidently counted for very little miles or more. A partial listing of some 14-15 to Canton, following Lycoming of the items and their source localities The supplies must have been used cheer- Creek, approximates the SheshequinTrail among these people, for they visited with fully by those who had been subsisting to the Iroquois country, while Route 220 each other. traded, and hunted for food indicates the breadth of the exchange over wide territories. network in prehistoric times. They in- on cornmeal mixed with maple sugar follows the Great Shamokin Path west clude Ramah chen from the Labrador forseveral days. through this area to the Ohio region Trade was a major reason for estab coast, ground and polished slate items The Indian knew and used his trail The Prehistoric Connections o.f fishing and maintaining contact with from Maine, Rhode Islandgraphite, flints network advantageouslyin matters of Penne)lvania Indians groups in farflung regions. The and cherts from various quarries in New both war and peace.Trade, visits to differential allocation of natural. re York. shark's teeth and marine shells relativesor friends, hunting and scalping The network of trails and paths sources, people, skills and crafts, and from ChesapeakeBay, quartz from expeditions, all made the trails active through the region permitted various even good fortune, offered the potential Maryland, colorful chen and slate from with comings and goings. kinds of activities to take place involving for exchange among the Indians. Ohio and Indiana, copper from considerable distances. Included were Michigan, catlinite or pipestonefrom For the white man, though,the migration, travel, and trade, as well as In many cases, this trade dealt Minnesota,and evenobsidian from the paths were less than satisfactory.Most the spread of political influence. Each of with the basic commodities of life. In Yellowstoneregion in Wyomingl Even of the difficulty arose when the new these areas will be briefly examined particular, food often passed beween more commonly encountered are comers insisted on using their horses. areasas a responseto need or as a specimens from other parts of Pennsyl The trails were simply not suitable to sign of friendshipor good will. At vania, such as argillite, jasper, rhyolite, such luxurious forms of conveyancelThe other times, good flint or other stones and steatite or soapstone. quadrupeds would not stoop as low, for manufacturing projectile points and step as high, climb or wriggle the way Migration and travel are the most axes were offered. The exchangeof It is likely that this procurement a human traveller on foot was required fundamental ways by which Pennsyl marriageable women between groups was activity was not always carried out by to do on occasions Given the situation, vania's Indians maintained wide horizons undoubtedly commonplacesince most the individual group Much more likely it is easy to understand Bishop Throughout prehistoric times, most Indians were required to marry outside would be a network of cooperating Indians followed a mobile hunting-and exchange partners along the routes Spangenburg's plight as he passed their local bands. These few examples between the source areas and the through the Lycoming Creek valley on gathering lifestylewhich took them across will suggest that trade was important his way to the Indiansof New York large territories. So many groups came for providing some of the more necessary recipients. A lengthy waiting period in 1745: and went, or passedthrough this pro elements of Indian culture might pass between the desire for a vince,that it is difficult to speakof product and its fulfillment, and many The forest is so dense that any one body of "Pennsylvania Indians Trade for non-essentialsor luxury transactionsmight take place along the for a dav the sun could not be in a few weeksor a seasonthey might products was also active. Among most way, but sucha systemprobably would seen. and so thick that vou could be New York or Virginia Indians.They indian peoplesthe generallevel of prove to be more efficient than the do not see 20 feet before. The path. followed a cycle of the seasons, exploiting too. is so bad that the horses technology and the basic food resources it-yourself alternative were often stuck and had to be selected resources in productive localities. were likely to be similar, and yet extricated from the boas. And at so there were undoubtedly periods of the commerce was desirable as a means of Wherever trade connectionswere other points it lay full of trees year when north-central Pennsylvania was insuring communication and friendship. that hhd been brown down by virtually unpeopled. maintained, other types of influence the wind, and heapedso high could usually ride along. In this way, that we were at a loss wheth'er As a casein point, items which various prehistoric groups were able to to. turn to the right or to the The first Indians to enter Pennsyl wereconsidered by the Indiansto be establishreligious and political in- left vania were descendantsof the Asian valuable, exotic, or even luxurious to fluence over wide areas,often including 10 1 1 Pennsylvania. For example, the Adena to the whiteman to exchangefor two Other aspectsof the trade with Epilogue and Hopewell cultures of about 2000 more beads. In time, perhaps, the first Europeans brought equally deleterious years ago seem to have made inroads results to Pennsylvania'soriginal in blue bead would Hind its way further Pennsylvania's Indian cultures were into this area; evidence of their religious westwardthrough tribes which had never habitants. The eagernessof Indians to practices,which focusedon a cult of seensuch items and who therefore desired obtain beaver furs for trade induced completely disrupted by the mid-1700's. the dead, has been found many times. them all the more. Many beaver skins them to neglect their fields and even Most groups were reduced to the status A culture given the name Mississippian might be neededto securethe prize their familiesas they trekkedfurther of refugees in their own land, feverishly for the area of its homeland seems by that time, and it eventually might and further into the wildernessin seeking a haven with neighbors who were to have had a direct impact on the end up far beyond the frontier outpost search of fresh beaver territory. Trapping as desperate as they. Ravaged by disease, developmentof the Iroquois nation wherethe white man and his Indian rights breeded disputes among neighbor- broken in spirit, uprooted, landlessand hopeless, tattered remnants of the tribes in this vicinity. The Iroquois themselves customer first haggled. ing tribes. Reliance on the whites in which had onceinhabited the middle later establishedpolitical domination over creased as Indian self-sufficiency faltered Brass kettles, iron axes and hoes. woven Atlantic region passed through Pennsyl- local Algonkian tribes in the Susquehanna vania for the last time on old trails that Valley by the time the white men arrived American and European observers cloth, beadsand bracelets,guns and Other examplesmight be cited, as well were amazed at the extent and efficiency ammunition rapidly replacedtheir native had becomeone-way. Only a few of the of Indian trade connections.The counterparts, and the available supply warriors would return again--brandishing accounts of Lewis and Clark provide tomahawks and scalping knives--but their never satisfied the demand. Crafts and fierce efforts came too late. The TTafl'sEnd many examples.Marquette and Joliet, skills waned, forcing even greater the first whitemen to travel on the emphasis upon European technology. upper Mississippi River, were surprised to Ironically, it was the white man encounter on the banks of that stream Whiskey made great inroads on the Long after the Revolution,the pride and independenceof the redmen problem of Pennsylvania'svestigial Indian himself who unwittingly provided the a village of Indians dressedin French best testimony to the effectivenessof the and dissolved their willingness to retain population remained. Near the end of Indians' wide-area connections. Since the clothe And Capt. .John Smith of James- their bandsand their wayof life. his term as President of the United town, meeting some Susquehannock native Americans did not originally have States, George Washington signed the Indians during a reconnoiter of Chesa Thus, the very efficiencyof the first U. S. Indian treaty, setting aside the use of glass, refined metals, cloth. peake Bay, observed that these Indians guns, etc., it is relatively easy to follow far-reachingtrade networkswhich had a portion of the upper Allegheny River the movements of these items after their had many hatchets, knives, and pieces served the prehistoric Indian for drainage as a reservationfor the of iron and brasswhich they had obtained thousands of years proved to be one of Cornplanter Indians, a Senecagroup, introductioninto Indian culture by through trade with other tribes. In fact, European traders. The trade items them the most effective means of demolishing in perpetuity. ''Perpetuity '' came to an recent archaeological work suggeststhat the culture of his descendants. Even abrupt end when the oldestIndian treaty selves act like tracers in.jected into the EheSusquehannocks had had this material before direct armed conflict occurred. native commercial arteries. By studying was violatedin order to allow the for as long as two decadesprior to most societieswere already on the path construction of the Kinzua Dam in 1962. historical writings or examining the coming into direct contact with the to defeat artifacts from dated archaeological sites, whites. it can be seen how fast and to what With the removal of this last group, extent theseobjects altered Indian culture the Indians' broad horizons no longer and life encompassed the forested hills of Pensyl- Unfortunately, the white man's in vania. fluence did not have altogether whole The white man's civilization usually some or uplifting effects on the native outpaced the man himself. Material peoples of the New World. Pennsylvania's objects, products of European technology, Indians. being among the Hirsh to come passed into Indian hands and swept into contactwith him, wereamong the BibliogTal)hic Note quickly from group to group through first 10 reap the results the aboriginal trade routes. Sometimes Conrad .We&erls quote wm drawn /rom Puu/ .4. W. WTQ//QCC r/P4S9 Indians travelled for hundreds of miles conrad Welsh: FI'iona of Colorist and Mohaxok, PP. 80-82, Published by canoeand land to reach an outpost It has been remarked previously )) the UniueTsit) of Penne)lliania. The extract from 'Bishop) SPangenburg's where they could secure goods directly chat wherever trade penetrates, other wrzfMg aPPeqTed zh. Wzr/zbm M. eauchamP (7P169, lllforauian /Duff;aZs'ReZati;g from the whites. In other instances. elements likewise can tag along. In Lo Central New York, 1745-66, P. 10, published b) DehLev Press, S)vacu.se. Indians unable to deal directly had to many cases, the bearers of the blue I'he best stud) oJ'Indian tvafk is RiT. Wallace's1965 book, The Indian Paths of pay exorbitant prices in furs or food for bead bought with beaver furs were at Penne)tuania, I)ubl£shed b) the Penne)luanda H£stoTical and Muiseum Commission, such items as the intermediarieswere the same time carriers of the white Ha Tvisbuvg. ATchaeotogicat Cadence to document the wide horizons of Penne)lxiania willing to forfeit. At the trading post. man's diseases. Measles, smallpox. indians has been selectedfrom the author's book, Man, I..ana, and' Time. a beaver fur could purchasea blue tuberculosis, and even the common cold published in 1975 foT the LCHS b) Un£gTat)hfcPress, EuansdlLe.Some of glass bead from the white man. The decimated large portions of the Indian the genevat conclui.lions oJ the p'e;ent paper have appeared in a bToadeT original buyer might then sell his bead population--much of it before the white stud) b) the walter,published as "Wide-AreaConnections in Native North to a memberof a neighboringtribe man had even made a personal appear Amevfca"{n uol. 1, no. 4 (1975)oJ' the Jour'vutof Amen'leanIndian for two beaver skins. and possibly return ance on the scene. culture and Research b) the UnfueTs£t)oi Calc'oTifa Press 12 13 A GIFT REMEMBERED APPLE BUTTER BOILING By Mrs. Abraham H. Lipez In chalet Memorial Gvoue It was our first Christmas-- my with the other. I don't rememberthe By Blanche Shafer twin sister's and mine -- and we were reasonshegave us. four yearsold. We did not know the If you were to drive into the Shafer and innovations. Today we contact story of the Christ; we were of the Jewish We will never forget the sight that Memorial Grove during the wee small orchardsto buy our applesand cider. faith. ' greeted us as we came down tl;e stairs hoursof the night on the secondSaturday Yesteryearwe or our neighborshad of any October, you would most certainly apples available and had our own presses pause to look and listen. There, with or nearby presses,where we made our possiblya full moon shining down own cider. But somehow.with all of I i;i'u£';nx$H#j$'1##n through the tall. majestic trees, you our today's sophistication, we contrive to give. up ,his .work, mother bought .a little girls. On a small table covered would seefigures in the flickering firelight have everything in readiness and adhere candy and station.erystore.that she might with a pretty cloth was set the most of woodfires. The aromaof the burning 10 the simplicity of another era, which support her family and keep them to- beautiful'pink-and-white china doll dishes wood would come to you, and you would is so nostalgicand brimful with fun and get.her. .How .she managed to .nurse we had ever seen. And seated at the wonder what was going on in this as friendliness and companionship father, look after the store, and take table in two small chairswere two big yet unspoiled,beautiful, peacefulgrove care of sister and me. I will never beautiful dolls with real hair and rufHed with its ''murmuring pines and hemlocks I'he night before the apple butter is know. I recall.so vividly the room back dresses - one had a pink hairbow It would be the beginningof a long made, the apples and cider are taken to of the store in which there was very and one a blue bow Mr. and Mrs. day of shared work and play Lh8 the grove. Someof the older boysspend little furniture -- there were a few Bird werestanding there. They had annual Shafer apple butter boiling which the night in the grove to seethat ali will had its beginning in the grove in 1961 Mother a sewieg mac one, andhastaand brought the gifs to us. be well. They doze. but also enjoy being when Horace Shafer was president of the together. They keep a fire going which; dressedus exactly alike. Most of all I The Birds were an elderly, childless family group. and he and Jake Raker later, around five a.m., is enlarged remembera tall, pier glasswith a marble couple, who had a real estate office were appointed Lo get the apples and when some of the men join the groiip. basein that room. I don't know if acrossthe street.I cannotrecall their cider for the first joint venture of making Then the cider is poured into the two mother found it in a second-handstore features; I can only recall that they were the apple butter as a group rather than huge kettles and is placed over the Hires. or if it just camewith the house. dear and that we lovedthem, that individual families. This sharedventure By the time this is completed,the men It had an elaborategold leaf frame we visitedthem often, and that there continues today, and hopefully will go on and boys who are there fry bacon and and must have been very elegant in were always treats of goodies. I remember as long as the younger people carry on eggs, using iron skillets on the stove its day. But now the gold leaf had that they were both small, that Mrs. this tradition which is so meaningfulto in the shelter worn away and great chunks of the Bird wore pretty boudoir caps in the many plaster were missing, so that some of morning that must have concealedrags Between 6 and 7 a.m. , a few brave the cherubs that framed the mirror or curl papers, and that in the afternoon This big day starts with planning womenstart comingto preparethe had distorted shapes, with noses missing, she emerged with pretty frizzy little curls almost before one apple butter making apples. I believe Dot London was the first a curl or two. and half a buttocks. all overher head;and that Mr. Bird day is over, and everyone who attends to arrive in 1973, and we know the Karl here and there. But we adored that mir- had pale yellow hair parted in the middle participates in some way or another Elys had pared and "schnitzed'' several ror -- sister and 1. We played ladies andagreyandyellowmustache Over the years everyone has beers eager bushels of apples the night before at in front of .it. We werealways dressing We didn't knowthe storyof the to help plan and work both beforeand their iiome. The younger people seemto up and play-acting, and that mirror Christ child then; we didn't know it was on the eventful day. enjoy running the apple parers and was.ourstage. We spent.agreat .deal His birthday; we didn't know the keeping the women supplied with apples of time in the roomwith the mirror Birds wereof one faith and we of To make the two huge copper kettle to core and "schnitz".In the dim light becausemother could keep her eye on another. We did know that love was in furs (approximately fifty gallons of apple (aided by a bottled-gas light) one 8an butter), twelve bushels of apples, seventy see the women sitting around a roaring five gallons of cider, one hundred pounds fire in the huge fireplace. While the of sugar, and jly4 pounds of cinnamon women core and ''schnitz" the apples ii.=ii=s;lhi;="\::\ llilEFi$0eiiipu::i are used. they exchangeinteresting items about One cold winter . mornin.g we it was Christmas -- December. 1909 their families and children; and although I know from what I have read and this job of ''schnitzing '' is a long process, what I have heard and experienced time speeds by with visiting. Although XE:i:qi;'xx:i:.: sii lila ::iPR.has a small child, when my parents made there are no ''coffee breaks" as such. girls have never forgotten them. '-' apple batter in a copper kettle suspended coffee and cider are enjoyed along with This was the .7966 .f/oZzday greefzhg of from a crane over the open fire outdoors some of Betty Johnston's luscious home Judge and MT?. Abraham }i. L£p& iJ and later on the kitchen stove.that even baked goodies I remember that on that particular Z,ocf .f/aden. .4{rs. I.apex read the sf or) though we adhere to the old traditional morning mother wouldn't let one of us al fhe Soczefy meetzizg on I)ecem&er way of making it, of necessitywe must Watching Eve Hunt, the matriarch go downstairs before she was finished /8, /PZ-S.J go along with the everchanging times is a delight. In her 90's, she makes 14 15 minute apple slices. She loves the apple from the fire. They ladle the apple LETTER FROM WILLIAM HEPBURN TO MR. JOHN PAINTER butter boiling, and she and Ida Lehman, butterinto bucketsand transferit to jars or crocks. Each family decides how a young-in-heartolder person,test the (c/o M. bowden, Esq Northumberland, Pa.) cider to see when the right moment has much they will buy (the cost of apple aivived to start putting the apple butter each year is determinedby the Williamsport, Pa January 8th, 1819 your way to the West Branch in a Canoe, schnitz in the boiling cider. Later, as expensesfor the day), and hopefully, they that after stayingone night at the Fort, time passes,everyone waits with bared will be able to obtain all they WRnt Dear Sir: breath while the above two decide when for their needs or for gifts to special you proceededup the River and the the exact time is reachedto add the people. I am sure many people have When I saw you in this place last night following Robert King returned sugar and cinnamon. And, after that, asked to buy some of this none-such apple week you informed me you were about to to the Fort, and gaveme noticeof the again they decidethat the apple butter butter,but family comesfirst in this apply to the Legislature of this State party of Indians and British commanded tastes ''chust right", and is done. These never-to-be forgotten family affairs for Compensationfor your serviceson by Mcdonald, that you had discovered are momentous decisions, and each year the frontier during the Revolutionary an advance party of Mcdonald's troops everyone sampling the apple butter After the kettles are emptied, there War, and requestedme to state what near the mouth of Lycoming Creek, that exclaims,"Oh, this is the bestevery ' is usually home-made bread to dip into recollections I had of your being in consequence of your information, I employed in the Service of the United sent my brother, JamesHepburn, the the kettles to sample the newly made States or this State at that time. I have Usually the apples are ''schnitzed" butter. This disappearsas fast, if not same night express to Coin. Hunter of been reflecting on the transactionsof Fort Augusta, who immediately sent a and in the huge cauldrons by noon. faster, than the pancakes. boat to take down the women.children While somekeep stirring the butter with that time sinceI sawyou and will now state to you as far as my recollections and military stores, believing my party long-handled wooden stirring paddles, After no more apple butter can be will servewhen I sawyou and in what too weakto defendthe Fort. that Ri)bert others have started to prepare the noon found in the kettles, self-appointed clean- situations during the Revolutionary War. feast of pancakes and country smoked up crewsget to work; and beforelong. King and you remained with me, at Fort sausage. One of the family members, usually as it is getting dusk and cool in Muncy,until that boat arrivedand Dave Albert, brings bottled gas as an the grove, all the paring knives, dishpans, The first time I recollectseeing you assistedin driving the cattle and such was in the Spring of 1778, you then other things as we could take by land to auxiliary heat for the kettles, light in apple peelers,barrels, stirrers, copper came to what is now Lycoming County Northumberlandand that I am full the early morning hours, and fuel for the kettles. bushel baskets. and other items and went as far as Pine Creek.a griddles. Dave, too, always brings liver used for the apple butter boiling are persuadedthat the infomtation given by wurst, sorghum, and maple syrup. There taken to the varioushomes and cleaned Lieutenant in Capt. McNahon's Company Robert King and yourself was the only and stored to wait for that second of Malitia and servedout your time on thing which preventedthe Garrisonof are salads and desserts, and everyone this frontier. Saturday in October when the "best ever ' Fort Muncy from falling into the hands leaves the "groaning board '' either happy of Mcdonald'sparty. or sad -- happy from having such a apple butter will be made again I was then stationed at the Mouth of bountiful repast and sad becausemaybe neue Hunt passed aloe) in 1975.) Lycoming Creek and had the Command The above is a]] I can recollect at they've eaten "chust a wee bit too much of a Companythere. present touching your services. During the long processof stirring the apple butter, almost everyone takes a After the great runaway, (as it is Yours respectfully, called) in July, 1778, I saw you in Wm. Hepburn turn (even if only for a moment). The Northumberland Town, but in what men are the official stirrers, and they rotate this strenuousjob. After the sugar capacity I cannotrecall. (Copied atom the Penn.s)I nia Magazine is added is a most crucial stage, for it There was, however,a Stockadebuilt 3j History © BiogTaPh), APTi1. 1931, would take secondsof no stirring for published quavteTI) at Philadelphia, Pa.) the butter to burn at the Townof Northumberlandat that time. Afterwards in the Fall of 1778 Coin. Hartley came to Muncy and erected As the butter thickens, everyone a Fort which was occupied by a Company becomes anxious. and Ida and Eve are of his Regimentand a Companyof asked to keep testing it. Since Eve is Malitia under my commanduntil the growinga little older, we dependon Summer of 1779 when the Company left Ida, but we want her to teach her by Coin. Hartley under the Command daughters Betty Johnston and Jean Green of Capt. Walker was called off to join the art of knowing when to announce. General Sullivan on his expedition against It's readyl" But Ida says these young the Indians in the GeneseeCountry and girls who are in their 40's and 50's left me with 15 or 16 men and upwards are "just not old enough.' of 30 women and children at Fort Muncy - That shortly after Captain When that final decision is made, Walker's Company left me at Fort Muncy the women remove the huge kettles you arrived there with Robert King on 16 17

EARLY TRAILS AND ROADS IN PENNSYLVANIA The Raystown and Frankstown Paths Long before permanent settlers came were parallel and led toward the Ohio to western and northern Pennsylvania, By Gladys Tozier country. The Raystown Path from Harris. white traders were there selling knives, burg went by Shippensburgand Bedford blankets. and trinkets to the Indians and to Pittsburgh.The FrankstownPath led getting furs in return. They are known Even before the time of Columbus, Wyalusing Path was a short route in a more northerly direction, by way to havebeen at Shamokinas earlyas Pennsylvaniawas covered by a network of between the 2 branches of the Susque of Frankstown to Kittanning. Both be- 1728. By 1730 traders were carrying trails, for the Indians were constantly hanna. It crossedMuncy Creek more than came very important in their later use. their waresby packhorses,mainly on the on the move from place to place. 30 times. Raystown and Frankstown trails, which Undoubtedlythe early Indians followed For many ancient years there was led to the Ohio countryand beyond.A the paths made by elk, deer, bear. Someof the great Indian trails an Indian town on Musquito Creek. packhorse train was composed of a string and buffalo. But man had a different particularly ones of our own valley The settlement was first called Musquito, of 12 to 15 horses,tethered together in idea than the animalsof wherehe are as follows: then Culbertson, and later DuBoistown. a line. They might remain in Indian wanted to go. The Indian went straight Long after the white man was well country for months at a time. When the for the distantgap in the hills, on a The Pine Creek Path led down settled there, as late as the 1830's and mountain trails were too steep and direct, level route, dry and sheltered, from the Geneseecountry by way of 1840's, friendly Indians would return to narrow for the packhorsetrain, the path if possible. He selected suitable spots Galeton, Ansonia, the Pennsylvania camp at this ideal spot. In 1773 would be widened or changed. Packhorse for camping,with springsof waterand Canyon, Cedar Run, .Jersey Mills, and Culbertson purchased a tract of land trains were also usedby the Army and plentiful game nearby, and a viewpoint Jersey Shore. there and built a grist mill. The Indian merchants of inland towns. Farmers of the surrounding country. These single- trail became known as the Culbertson united to send a packhorse train to sell file trails were no more than 18 inches The Great Warrior's Path came from Path. FromSunbury it cameup the their produce and buy necessary articles wide and were sometimesblocked when Tioga Point by Wyalusing, Tunkhan SusquehannaRiver to Allenwood, then by in return . storms levelled trees in a district. Indians nock, Sunbury, Harrisburg (then called way of Spring Creek valley, up White bypassedobstacles by going around them . Paxtang), and on south. Deer ridge, over Bald Eagle mountain, The forest was a busy place. Life on the trail wasnot too dangerousor but when necessary to save a great down Musquito Creek to the Susquehanna uncomfortable. The traveler often met distance, they would cross a swamp or The Sinnemahoning Path followed River where it crossedthe West Branch mountain, and even a river. che West Branch, then Sinnemahoning from DuBoistownat the lower end of Indians on their different errands. The Creek to Emporium, and over the Portage Goose Island to French Margaret's town Indian liked to greet the stranger,sit There were paths for all kinds of Path by way of Keating Summit to Port at Newberry. Later there was a ferry down and smoke a friendly pipe, ex- weather - wet and dry, hot and cold Allegheny. here for Jaysburg settlers. It proceeded change news, and maybe offer a haunch and for all kinds of people hunters, through dense forest up the narrow of deer. The traveler could find plenty warriors, messengers,and just for family The Great ShamokinPath, part of it Lycoming Creek valley. At Bodines it of wild game, or food at huts, along parties going over the mountain to visit called the Chinklacamoose,led north and joined the SheshequinTrail for Canton the way. Huts, or lean-tos,located along friends. There was danger of getting lost, west from Sunbury along the left bank and Tioga. This important trail formed the important paths were made of not becausethere were no pathsbut of the Susquehannato Muncy, Montours the line of communicationfrom the crotched poles and peeled bark for sides because there were so many. The best ville, Williamsport,Lock Haven,and mouths of the Juniata and Potomac and roof. The open front faced the Hire time for travel was in the Spring, after along the Bald Eagle and Marsh Creeks rivers to the Great Lakes section of for warmth and cooking. Portions of meat the ice had brokenup and before the to Snow Shoe, Clearfield, Punxatawney the north. might be left hangingfrom a tree limb heat and flies of summer,and also in and to Kittanning on the Allegheny for the next traveler. On old maps the Fall, when the mosquitoeshad dis- River It is thought that Etienne Brute was and surveys such places are indicated the first white man to explorethe as Cock Eye'sCabin, KickenspoulinsOld appeared and the nights were crisp. Town, The Warrior's Spring, or The SheshesquinPath came north Susquehanna valley in 1615. He was Kiskiminetas Old Town. The SusquehannockIndians, people from Sudbury to Muncy and French sentby Champlain,on behalfof the of a well-watered land, lived along our Margaret'sTown at Newberry,to Ly- French, to seek the help of the Andastes valley. On the flat land where the North coming Creek just below Hepburnville, Indian tribe in attacking the Iroquois. Conrad Weiner was a trusted in- and West Branches of the Susquehanna and on to Canton, Towanda, and Tioga. The Andastes had a palisaded town, termediary between the Provincial come together, there stood an Indian The famous Coudersport Path it is believed,of about4000 persons in governmentsand the Indians.He made town already old when the first pioneers Muncy Creek valley. many trips to the powerful five-nation came to this country. From this place, startedal JerseyShore and went up Iroquoisup north, Tioga being the then called Shamokin but now Pine Creek by Jersey Mills and Slate Run to Coudersport. John Zeller is probably the first meeting place. The shortest way was Sunbury, 12 important Indian trails white man to go over the Tulpehocken- up the West Branch to Muncy, from radiated like the spokes of a wheel The GeneseePath began at Muncy ShamokinTrail in 1722 to work out there by the Towanda Path to Hillsgrove, Trails ran along each side of the and wcnt by Huntersvilleand Highland the migration of a group of Palatinate up Elk Creek to Monroeton, Towanda, SusquehannaRiver and on each side of Lake to Towanda Creek where it inter- Germans, who left upper New York, and Tioga. Weiser never used it, perhaps the 2 main branches, with connecting sected the path up the North Branch traveled down along the Susquehanna to because of the hills or the dangerous trails running overlandin between.The ofthe Susquehanna. Paxtang, and on to Reading ford of the Loyalsock at Hillsgrove 18 19 Some years later, Baron Charles with him, and Weiser nlnally rose to Boulogne, land agent for the Asylum continue this hazardoustrip. For three quarters of a century we met with prodigiousswamps, more colony, was drowned there. In Weiser's this path wasone of peaceas the than a mile square,extending even to day, one could find a canoe and easy In 1742,five yearslater, the famous Indians and the white traveledit in the foothills. We wadedor swamthe crossing at Madame Montour's town, Moravian missionary, Count Zinzendorf friendly cooperation. In 1755, after Lycoming River upward of 20 times. Otstonwakin. Weiser always took the traveled this. path to bring Christianity General Braddock's defeat at Fort They reachedthe Tioga village and Sheshequin Path. It avoided the low to the Indians.''We c;lme to the Duquesne, open warfare began. burned it, including Queen Esther's ground around Williamsport, ran north- boundary of Shamokin a precipitous palace. west from Montoursville up through hill, such as I scarce ever ;aw.'' The With the white man came horses French Margaret's town to Lycomiiig Counttraveled with a tent. In later and cattle. Pathswere widenedin the In 1783, after the Revolution. there Creek, just below Hepburnville. It years, Weiner used a hammock settlements to take care of them, and then was a decided movement of white settlers followed the Lycoming to its source. widened again for wagons and carriages. mainly Quakersand ScotchIrish, to the through Canton, down Towanda Creek, Two Moravian missionaries record As trade developed in the southeastern vast wildernessnorth and west of the cutting north from this valley to the going through a fire. ''The Hire burnt part of the state, which was settled first, SusquehannaRiver. To reach Sunbury Indian town of Sheshequin (now Ulster) all around us and made a prodigious roads were extended to the countryside they had to cross the creeks of Pine, a few miles below Tiara. This involved crackling In 1700, ''King's Highways'' were Lycoming, Loyalsock,Muncy, and the little climbing except in flood time. authorized, with trees and brush cut to river at Northumberland. As late as 1795 Today the road from Muncy (on the Bishop Spangenberg,another Mor- a width of 50 feet. Built and maintained there were no bridges acrossthe river West Branch) to Towanda (on the North avian missjona.ry, wrote of the Lycoming by the people along the way, colonial and few dwellings in this territory Branch) is 8 or 9 miles longer than valley; ''This is a wilderness where one roads received little repair and at times the old Indian Path. doesnot see the sun all day long were practically impassable The TulpehockenPath went from The darkness is impressive. The woods Shachamoxon (now Kensington, a part About 120 years after Brule's trip. are so thickly grown that sometimes In 1731 the people of Lancaster of Philadelphia) to Reading (known tiiere Wei?ercame this way, in 1737,in the one can hardly see 20 pacesahead petitioned the Provincial Council for a as the Shamokin Trail) and through the dead of winter,accompanied by the road to transporttheir produce.Not Gap at Klingerstownto Shamokin.This completed until 10 years later, 1741. famous Indian chief. Shikellimy.' The In 1758, C. Frederick Post came into was the main path for travel to this it remained a dirt road for many years area until the RevolutionaryWar. A part purpose of the trip was to negotiate the wildsof Pennsylvaniato crossto the with mud holes,steep grades, and Indian with the northern indians to prevent a extreme western limits. From Bethlehem of it, from Sunbury to Reading, became ambushes. the King's Highway in 1769. To cross war in the Spring. On March 21 they he came co Ft. Augusta, then took the the width of Pennsylvania on horseback reached Muncy Creek which was danger- path along the right bank of the West In 1758 General Forbes cut a road took three weeks. ously high, but they were taken ove; it Blanch leading over the Chillisquaque. west from Carlisle for the transportation successfullyin a canoe.The next day Muncy, Loyalsock, and Pine creeks, ;nd of cannonand militaryhardware to In 1790 a land agent named the canoe of two English traders was crossing the Susquehanna at Great Island Williamson waited at Northumberland overturned and one was drowned. West There he struck one of the main Indian attack Fort Duquesneat Pittsburgh, key of Madame Montour's village, Weiser and point to the west, following more or less for a group of 500 English colonists paths to the west. After fording Beech the old Indian and packhorsetrail who were going to the Geneseecountry. Shikellimy struck the ' intersecting Creek, there were forks in the path. SheshequinPath, crossingthe hills north (the Raystown Path) which passed They could get as far as the Loyalsock, One branch led southwest along 'Bald through Bedford, then known as Rays but therewas no roadon up. Williamson of the presentWilliamsport. They Eagle mountain to Frankstown and the town. This became known as the Forbes put the men to work buildinga road, journeyed up Lycoming Creek, which) Ohio country. He took the other one Road, later the PennsylvaniaRoad, from was a dense and almost impenetrable and forded the MoshannonRiver the cutting trees and brush, removing large wilderness called "The Dismal Vale Philadelphiato Pittsburgh,now the stones, and leveling the ground. The first day of August. The next day he Pennsylvania Turnpike. women and children followed, doing the This narrow, flat valley had steep sides arrived at the village of Chinklacamoose washing and cooking. Shelters were which rose abruptly. it flooded 'easily in the ''Clear Fields," now Clearfield erectedalong the way. This was a making it necessary to attempt the cliffs. This wasthe central point of the great After the ''Big Runaway '' of settlers At times windstormsmight litter the ChinklacamoosePath. He struck the trail from this region, Colonel Thomas stupendous task through unbroken ground with fallen timber, 3 and 4 logs northwest, crossingToby's Creek and the Hartley in 1778 assembled200 men at wilderness. In 1792 it was completed deep. Bohemian mountain, at the head Clarion River, and reaching Fort Fort Muncyto go to Tioga after the through Williamsport, up Lycoming of Lycoming Creek, had the reputation Indians to kill the enemy and destroy Creek to Trout Run, over Laurel Hill Venango al the forks of the Allegheny some of their villages. Colonel Hartley to Blockhouse, and up to Painted Post of gathering storms. There was 'Swamp River; from there he went southwest Known as the Williamson Road. it is land alongTowanda Creek. On a hillside to Kaskaskie, the end of his journey records, ''We marched from Muncy with sheet of ice, Shikellimy slipped and slid 12 days' provisions." They crossed the now the beautiful SusquehannaTrail. He was the first Moravian to go wel;t Loyalsockat the fording and went up [o the top of a c]iff, and his robe of the Alleghenies. Post wrote, =Thirty- caught on a projecting tree limb. Later, two days. I lay in the woods. I prayed the road to whereit interceptedthe The great push of settlers began the experienced but completely exhausted the Lord to blind the French'as'he Sheshequin Path, going up Bouser's Run after the war of 1812. The legislature Weiser sat down, prepared to remain did the enemiesof Lot and Elisha.that east of Williamsport and crossing the hills granted some money for improving roads, there and die. Shik;llimy arguedquietly I might pass unknown to Lycoming Creek. The Indian Path was cutting trees and brush, and removing very narrow and difficult. "On our route stones. In 1792 the road leading from 20 21 the important river port of Middletown Harry Sinclair Drago, in his book NINETY-FIVE YEARS OF BETH HA-SHOLOM to Philadelphia was "very bad and deep, titled ''Great American Cattle Trails (Continuation ) evenupon the hills, and the whole of it includes the Three-Mountain Trail of is very stony and hilly." in 1794 Governor Pennsylvania. About 1828 it began at By Benjamim Hirsh Mifflin had a road built of earth topped the Ohio border near Pittsburghand A bTahamHart contributing one thousand dollars to help by stone. Later, some roads were built ended at Harrisburg, where it connected Abraham Hart was considered bring new factories here. He was a of stone, topped by earth and gravel, with roads to Philadelphia and Baltimore. Williamsport's elder statesmanand the member of severalMasonic bodies, taking all work having been done by hand Within ten miles, this importanteast spokesman for the Jewish community a keen interestin the rites of the lodge The State had no money for road west, 300 mile trail climbed over three \ The Hart family cameto this city late When he became ill and unable building, and it licensed private parallel mountain ranges:the Blue, in the nineteenth century. They started companies to build them and to charge Tuscarora, and Kittatinny. Travel was [o continue his business. he went to toll. On the old ForbesRoad. now Route a clothing store on West Third Street difficult and dangerous on the rocky, which was operated for many years. New York City to live with his daughter, 40 in the southern part of the state steep, mountain trail, only 20 feet wide, When the old woodenstructure was Mrs. Theodore Trapp. At his daughter's an old toll house still stands at Addison. closedby snowfor a month or more home, on October 14, 1922, at the age This has been restored and is maintained damagedby a seriesof floods,the in winter, and by hard rains at times brothers, Abe and Jack, rebuilt with a of 71 years,he paswdaway. His body by the D. A. R. and can be visited. in summer. Thousands of domesticated There is another one farther west at modern three-story brick building which wasbrought to Williamsportfor burial, cattle, horses, mules, hogs, sheep, and was known as the Hart Building. Early and becauseof the high esteemhe held Searights. even turkeyswere driven over this trail in life Abe took a keen interestin all and the servicehe renderedthe for a comparativelylong time. An things Jewish, religious, fraternal, and congregation, the funeral services and In 1827. the Great Road from estimated, overall total of three million cIVIc. eulogy were held in the Temple Northumberland continued to Williams head was big business. sanctuary port and Jersey Shore, mostly following Because he had a good Jewish the Indian Path which ran through When the railroad was completed in background, he was elected vice president Mr. Hart was highly regardedby Montoursville and over which trolley cars 1850 to Pittsburgh, The Three-Mountain of the congregationwith William Silver Jewsof both congregationsand the came later. In 1838 there was stage Trail was finished. Considering the saving coach travel from Northumberland to man, and moved up to the presidency Christian community. Spiritual leaders in time, railroad fares and freight rates whenMr. Silvermanleft the city in 1895 who served during his term of office Williamsport.This wasthe trail that were much cheaper. In 1911 for the Mr. Hart servedas Templeleader for included the following: Rabbis August had been traveled by Count Zinzendorf. first time, a system of roads was a quarter of a century,giving much A. Levy, Lewis Schreiber, Alexander constructed (Under Governor Sprout) and The two roads across the barrier of himself, his time, and money [o Bassil, Herman J. Elkin, PhenoosIsraeli maintained by the state. But people Jewish causes. It was during Mr. Hart's Morris Abele, Louis Brav, Meyer Nook, of the Alleghenies were the Frankstown flocked to railroad travel and the roads term of office that the new Edwin Street Emil Ellinger, and Carl Schorr. Harry and Raystown trails, which became re- became deserted, unimproved and even Templewas built, and it washe who Lauer was secretary and Samuel Ulman spectively the William Penn Highway weed-grown. In 1917 the Lincoln High contributed most to its progress. Old treasurer during much of Mr. Hart's and the Pennsylvaniaroad. Thousandsof way was a neglected dirt road. timers still recall how Mr. Hart rode leadership settlers moved by these routes toward the westernterritories throughthe city streetson the day of In 1893 the horseless carriage was the dedicationof the Temple, holding As roads improved, the volume of developed and another change in travel in his carriage the two Holy Torahs Fund Raising A nd Building Plans trade grew rapidly. Conestoga wagons began. Passengers in the early autos which he held in his home for safekeeping Williamsport Jewry had not been were always seen on the roads leading were swathed in veils and long coats during the construction period accustomed to making large contributions to and from Philadelphia,Baltimore and (dusters). Horses reared and plunged at to religious or charitable organizations. Pittsburgh. These giant wagons, with the sight of these monstrous machines. Mr. Hart took personalinterest in A one hundred dollar donationwas their white canvas-covered tops, were Farmers'horses pulled the cars out of the religious school. He loved to take considered a substantial amount. Lemuel mudholes, and the cry of ''Get a horse painted red and blue. Three and four was common. In 1931 Governor Pinchot the part of the schoolmaster, often Ulman was appointed chairman of the tons could be carried in the large concave t substituting for the Rabbi and frequently fund raising committee and started a wagon beds. The rumble of their pledged to "get the farmer out of the teachinga class.It was during his term campaign among the Jewish residents. enormous wheels was a familiar sound mud." Roads improved and railroads deteriorated. in office that negotiations were concluded enabling the congregationto start as the six horseslurched forward with for the acquisition of the Wildwood building its Temple. their great load. The Irish travelerWeld Cemetery plot. reported: ''It is scarcely possible to go Today's network of roads often Among the substantial contributors one mile on the road without meeting follows closelythe old, well-located Indian When Mr. Hart faced poor health to the building fund were Moses Ulman, numbers of wagons passing and repassing Trails. When you travel along the many he disposed of his clothing business to $400.00; Hiram and Lemuel Ulman, delightful country roads around Williams- enter the real estateand insurancefield. between the back parts of the state port, $300.00; Mrs. Clara Ulman, $300.00; and Philadelphia.'' Stables and sheds at opening an office on the second floor Meyer Singer and Samuel Singer, $200.00 the country inns and tavernsalong the of the Hart building. Mr. Hart wasan each; Henry Myers and Abe Myers. way were always crowded with wagons /Way )our mocasizns a/ways be dr] and active and liberal supporter of the 1905 $100.00 each. Other donations ranging and horses. )ouT t)ath jTee oJ' Logs and briaTS Chamber of Commerce industrial fund. from five dollars to seventy-Hivedollars 22 23 treasurer, and Nathan Brozman was raised the total to nearly four thousand Wi[[iamsport church." Rabbi Baise]], rep- Mr. Myers started in the clothing elected secretary. Max A. Jaffe, Jack L. businesswith Mr. EdwardHecht oi dollars. An additional $1,000.00, which resenting the congregation, conducted the Brozman, and Max Brown were elected Lock Haven, and from there he was raisedby the sale of the old services and introduced the speakers. as new Trustees. Synagoguesite, was added to the fund The building was designedby architect graduated to his own business when, Members again provided the funds to Meade B. Ritter. with his brothersAbe and Morris.he furnish the interior, and many memorial founded the Myers BrothersClothing Co. gifts were made. Severalof the major Delegations of Jewish people were A major Temple expansion was in 1897. A few years later, they ventured interior gifts included the engraved on hand from Lock Haven, Milton made possible in 1923, when funds were in a larger community when they opened marble 'l:en Commandments over the Sunbury, Danville, Bloomsbury, and made available to the congregation from a store in Williamsport. It achievedthe the Rosetta Ulman estate. Henry Myers reputation as one of the city's better Holy Ark by the Myersfamily, and the JerseyShore. The paper also reported and Max Lindheimerprevailed upon two large seven-branched candelabra that, ''The Williamsport clergy were stores.The brick building on West Third Erlanger, estate were given as a gift from Rosetta Ulman. represented by members from each Abraham the Ulman Street still carries the family name of executor, to include Temple Beth Ha- Myers Brothers. His greatest interest The tJlman family was also responsible church,two of whomwere on the Sholom in the distribution of the funds. for the two bronzetablets in the rear pulpit and spoke for their denominations. and satisfactionwas his serviceto his and over twenty thousand dollars became of the Sanctuary.Names of the early Representing the city was the Hon. Mayor people and to the communitywhich he settlers and their families were inscribed available to build a Community Center adopted. John F. Laedlein, who spokeeloquently, as a memorial to Miss Rosetta Ulman on the colored memorial windows. congratulating the congregation on its new church building and welcoming it The brick building adjoining the Temple on Center Street, previously purchased He was active in the affairs of The firm of JacobGehron and as a worthy addition to the spiritual by Mrs. HannahRosenbaum, was pre- Temple Beth Ha-Shalom for a quarter Company were engaged as contractors life of the city." Miss Hazel B. Jacobs. of a century, serving in various capacities for a low bid of $5,879.19, with sentedto the congregation.This building a religiousschool pupil and daughterof and as its president for eight years. permission to use some of the salvaged Harry Jacobs, presented the keys to was remodeled and enlarged to house structure the CommunityCenter and the religious Even when his health was ailing, he material from the old presidentHart, who respondedwith school. often would hold board meetingsin his Additional amounts were spent for a appropriate remarks. Mr. Rosco Huff own apartment on West Fourth Street. furnace, carpeting, benches and pews. was in charge of the musical program, During Mr. Myers' leadershipin the electric fixtures, religious prayer books. while solos were rendered by Trevette congregation funds became available and paraphernalia.The cost of the Moffett, Miss BlancheBubb. and Miss from the RosettaUlman estate.from Minnie Swartz building including all the equipment which the community center was built amounted to nearly ten thousand dollars, Mr. Myers devotedmuch time and some of it financed by a mortgage The next twenty yearswent by Heat) M)eTS loan. effort to the completionof this project. without major changes or additions. and the building became the head- Religiousservices were held in the The City of Williamsportand the quarters for much of Jewry's social, On September3, 1904,the new Temple Sanctuary and the social events Jewish community mourned the loss of educational, and fraternal life. Sanctuary was opened to the public with took place in the Y. M. S. and L. one of its illustrious sons on May 18. appropriate dedication ceremonies. Much club rooms in the Ulman Opera House 1933, when Henry Myers died at the planning had preceded the formal building on Market Square. During the age of 63. Mr. Myers lived most of During and after World War I, dedication, many invitations were sent early 1900's, many East European .Jews his adult life in Williamsportand took Mr. Myerstook a leadingpart in the to prominentpersons in the city and migrated to Central Pennsylvaniaand an active part in all phases of civic fund raising drives for the Jewish relief nearby communities. The dedication some settled here. They brought with religious, and commun;ty affairs. On and war refugees. With Ben Hirsh. committee included Lemuel Ulman, them old country traditions and cultures. May 19, 1933,the Gazetteand Bulletin Harry Stern, Jack Brozman, and Harry Charles Goldenberg, and Samuel E and they found it difficult to accept carried the following editorial: ''The Pechter, they launched an active cam Ulman. The building committee was the Reform .Judaism or to assimilate with death of Henry Myers removedone of paign for funds, resulting in raising a sub- composed of Samuel Singer, Harry A. the establishedcommunity. They formed Williamsport's best and most substantial stantial amount and exceedingthe Jacobs, Julius Ulman, Harry B. Pechter, their own religious congregation and citizens. He was a man of strictest assigned quota for the community by adopted their own social life, creating integrity, and the extensivebusiness of Henry Goldenberg, and Abe Myers. The which he was head was built on the many thousands of dollars, setting a Gazette and Bulletin on September 4, an apartheid situation which separated new standardof giving for this city. 1904, carried the following account of the two Jewish groups. p1linciples of fair and upright dealing. A third generationof the Myers,L. the dedication ceremony: ''The dedication His word was as good ' as his bond Clifford is followingin the family of the new Temple of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Ha-Shalom He was deeply interestedin civic affairs tradition. His father Abe, and grand- Congregation of Williamsport occurred continued in its course of providing and was a liberal contributor. both in father C. L. Myers, were active Temple on Friday evening, September 3, 1904, liberal Judaism and attracting new mem time .and money, to everything designed members during the earlier years at seven-thirty, with Dr. Marvin Nathan bers to its roster. Abraham Hart for the advancementof 'the city of his Clifford, an able accountant,is a Temple of New York City as the principal continued as Temple leader and called adoption.and the welfare of its' people. officer, has audited its booksand pre speaker." The paper commented that, upon the new membersto take a more Broad minded, friendly, and charitable, pared the budget for many years. Harry Dr. Nathan'saddress was one of the active role in the congregation. Benjamin Mr.. Myers enjoyed the highest esteem Schwab was Temple secretary during this most able discourses ever delivered in a Hirsh replacedSamuel E. Ulman as of the entire community. period. 24 25

The Mantinband Eva in order to help balance the budget. the SarahK. SalabesInter-Faith Award. Mrs. Ella Lauer. A new organ was In 1937 the Sisterhood also established which is given each year to a local installed during this period of office, At the annual meeting in March the TBL Fund in memory of Mrs. high school student who has demonstrated which was a gift from the Samuel Wilson of 1921, Jack L. Brozman,a local Max (Teresa B.) Lindheimer, their be- his oratorical proficiency on that subject. estate as a memorial to his parents, merchant, became president of the con- loved first president. This fund, active at She was one of the few women who Frank and Elizabeth Wilson. David Lock- gregation. His brother Nathan served as present, was set up to provide tuition was able to operate a Jewish Braille speiser undertook the remodeling of the secretary. In 1923 Henry Myers was and books to aid worthy Jewish college typewriter, and organized a Sisterhood basement of the Temple into modern called upon to assume Temple leadership students. Braille class.After her death. four and attractive classrooms. Mr. Lock- and to engagea new Rabbi for the volumes for children on the Reform speiserwas instrumental in organizing a congregation. When Henry Myers becameill and Jewish Movement were donated [o the committee which gave a testimonial was not able to continue as Temple Jewish Braille Institute. Copies of these banquet to honor Ben Hirsh for his many Rabbi Charles Mantinband . a president,he wassucceeded by Max books are now found in libraries through- years of service to the congregation. scholarly and talented religious leader, Phillips, Charles Mink, Max E. Lind- out the world as well as in the Library The affair was held at the Lycoming brought his family from Poughkeepsie, heimer, Julius Ulman, Samuel Gittleman. of Congress. Mrs. Salabes was a charter N. Y. and continued to serve the Hotel on June 14, 1953, attended by S00 and David Lockspeiser. Each sponsored member of the Lycoming Council of guests. congregation for sixteen years, longer some major events and innovations. Each Girl Scouts and was active in establishing than any spiritual leader ever servedthe servedthe congregationfaithfully during Camp Lycogis. The Sarah K. Salabes Temple. Rabbi Mantinband becamein- his term of office. Not only wereou; chapterof B'nai B'rita Girls has been A New Generation ofLeadevs terested in many cultural and civic Temple members generous in their con named in her memory. She was also The 1950'ssaw a new group of programs. He succeeded in a large tributions to Temple and other Jewish the president of the Temple Sisterhood Jewish men take an active part in the in bringing about friendly needs.On May 16, 1922,Jacob Brown, in the early 1940's relations with the city's clergy and ren with his wife Sarah,deeded to the congregation and assume leadership of dered an important service in all pro the Temple. Until this period mott of City of Williamsporta 22 acre tract As the nation slowlyemerged from Lhe Temple leaders were merchants, grams of interfaith activity. Of the many of land in memoryof his brotherMax the desperate conditions caused by the but now industrial and professional men activities conducted by him, which spot M. Brown. This land, officially known depression, the Temple membership re- lighted the civic-mindedness of the as the Max M. Brown Memorial Park boundedto the prospectof more undertook positionsof responsibilityin congregation, was the Temple sponsored is known to all Williamsportersas prosperous times with a rousing social the congregation. public debatein 1932between the famous Memorial Park, and is the city's major event. Sparked by the dynamic leader- anti-religious criminal lawyer Clarence recreational area ship of William Green,who waselected In 1953 Harry Blum, a textile manufacturer, was elected president of Darrow and the Rabbi. The question president in 1945, plans were set in Beth Ha-Sholom.During his term of debated was ''ls Religion Necessary?'' The DeP'essfonPeTfod motion for the gala 80th Anniversary office many outstandingsocial and He helped organize the Community Celebration which was held during the religious functions were held. Among Concert Organization and served as The Committee of One Hundred weekendof April 26-28, 1946. Features these was a testimonial dinner at th; chaplain in area penal institutions. Many was seeking new industries for Williams of the eventwere a banquetheld al of our present-day members attended his Lycoming Hotel honoring four former port and were successful in bringing the Lycoming Hotel with Rabbis Stephen presidentsof the congregation-- Samuel Sunday School classesand were con6lrmed many plants to the city. Among tiieii Wise and Charles Mantinband as speak- by him. In 1941, with the outbreak Gittleman, Leo Goodkind, Harry Gold- were Jewish industrialists who became ers, and the publication of the Temple's berg, and David Lockspeiser. of the second World War. he asked active members of Beth Ha-Sholom. first historical journal, which had been the congregation for a leave of absence compiled by Ben Hirsh who tirelessly serving in official capacity and as With Temple expenses mounting and to serve as chaplain with the Jewish searched out all available Temple records Welfare Board. Rabbi Mantinband and presidents.They included shoe manu- Rabbis' salaries rising, it was nec;ssary facturersWilliam Green and Leo Good- to gather the necessary material. to obtain more income and Mr. Blum his family have visited this community kind; textiles, Herman Trichon and many times, speaking at various functions The 1940's and 1950's also marked negotiated a new dues scale calling Harry Goldberg; furniture, Nathan for $120 minimum family membership and renewing old friendships. Greenberg;and jewelry merchant Lewis a period during which many rabbis served Salabes. as spiritual leaders of Beth Ha-Sholom. Dr. Herman Finkelstein. chairman of During the depression years of the Rabbi Mantinband was followed by the Federation of Jewish Charities and 1930's, the congregation faced many It was during this period that a Rabbis Aaron Kammerling, Bertrand a busy doctor, assumed the presidency difficult situations, among them a truly outstanding woman of Israel, Mrs. Polling, Maurice Galpert, }lenry Leon of Temple in 1955. During his period shrinkage in income and the expense Lewis (Sarah K.) Salabes, emerged to Schwartz, Ephraim Einhorn, and Frederic make a remarkablecontribution to the Solomon. of office the Temple observed its Nine- of renovation caused by the 1936 flood. tieth Anniversary with a highly successful The Sisterhoodgraciously undertook the Temple as well as to the total Williams program and banquet. Harry Blum responsibility of repairing the Community port community. She was one of the During the Harry Goldberg ad- served as toastmaster for the affair, and Center. The congregation faced extensive originators of the Inter-Faith meetings ministration a parsonagefor the Rabbi speakersincluded former Rabbi Charles repair bills to the classrooms, heating whichare still a majorevent on oir was erectedon Union Avenue.Funds Mantinband and Dr. .iona B. Wise. units, etc. Rabbi Mantinband cooperated yearly Temple calendar. Her efforts in for the project came from endowments Once again Ben Hirsh edited and wrote by accepting a reduction in his salary this area are today memorialized through provided by Miss Tillie Strasburgerand a Dedication Journal 26 27 BTothevhood Formed the guest speaker was Rabbi Balfour ally dedicatedas the Harry Wail booksin the library is the resultof Brickner, Director of the Department Memorial Library (known now as the gifts from the Sisterhood and countless The need for an active men's organ of Inter-Faith Activities of the Union of Elizabeth and Harry Wail Memorial individualswho have found this to be ization became more and more evident, American Hebrew Congregations.A Library) on Friday evening, following a most worthy causeto which to and under the direction of Louis Hirsh Dedication Journal was again published Sabbath services,on February 23, 1962. contribute in honor or memory of a loved and Harry Blum a Temple Brotherhood to honor the occasionthrough the efforts At this time, too, Mrs. BenjaminJaffe one, or to remember some event of was formed. Louis Hirsh became the of Ben Hirsh. presented to the Temple the synagogal special significance. first president of Brotherhood . art work adorningour library in The early months of the 1960's memory of her beloved husband, Our Temple has also been the Dr. HaroldAdelson succeeded Dr. highlighted an event which singularly Benjamin Jaffe. The art work represents recipient of financial bequestsfrom the Finkelstein as president and was immed honored the Sisterhood of Temple Beth the creativityof a local artist, Dr. estatesof Mrs. Betty Wahl and Mr. lately faced with the problem of securing Ha-Shalom. Our Sisterhood had its Henry Mussina.As we walk into the Henry Heyman. a new spiritual leader as Rabbi Solomon humble beginning on August 21, 1869, foyer of the Temple, we notice a beautiful left for Havana.Cuba. His term of when it was chartered as the Hebrew modernistic metal design of a Tree of During this period other present- office might well be called the twenty- Ladies Benevolent Association with Life presented by the Goodkind family ations were made to the Temple. A four months of meetings, as meeting after Caroline Ulman, Caroline Myers, Clara in memory of Leo Goodkind. The large Megillah Scroll was the gift of Mr. and meeting was called until Rabbi David Ulman, and Tarissa Kuhn as its prime movie screen in our social hall was Mrs. Louis Hirsh for use at our Purim L. Schwartz came to us after several organizers. The group later was known a gift of the Brotherhood,and the Services. An Havdolo Spice Box was yearsin Hagerstown, Md. as the Ladies Aid Society, and eventually, Sisterhood, through its TBL Fund, pro- presented by Dr. and Mrs. Herman in 1921. affiliated with the National vided the lettering which designatesthe Finkelstein in memory of Mrs. Finkel With the rabbinicalproblem settled, Federation of Temple Sisterhoods. In entrancesto both our Temple and the stein's mother. It has been used on Dr. Adelson immediately set about 1960 the Sisterhood was invited to serve Recreation Center. In addition. the many happy occasions,such as our planning for the remodeling and enlarge- as host for the 19th Annual Convention beautiful Torah coverswhich adorn our Centennial Service. Our Bibles were given ment of our Temple facilities. Many of the Pennsylvania Federation of Temple Holy scrolls were a gift of this same by Rabbi and Mrs. CharlesMantinband, plans and sites were investigatedand Sisterhoods. It was at this convention, fund. The beautiful Torah Crownswere and the beautiful Tribes of Israel wall ;discussed by a committee under the held during the weekof October16 presentedby the Heckerfamily and clock was presentedto the library by chairmanshipof Harry Wahl, and it 19. that Rabbi Solomon B. Freehof friends in memory of Mrs. Minnie the Confirmation Classof 1961.A stained became evident that the properties ad- of Pittsburgh delivered the main banquet Hecker, while the Torah Shields were glass window in memory of Fannie and jacent to the Temple would provide the address. a contributionby Mr. and Mrs. Harry Benjamin Hirsh was also endowed best solution for our growing congreg- Goldbergand by Kathie,Amy, and through the Ben Hirsh Memorial Fund ation. Thus it was that during Dr. Building and additions did not cease Larry Hirsh in memoryof their grand- and the Hirsh family. The Selmanand Adelson's term the adjoining buildings with the new dedication,and additional mother, Fannie Hirsh. Daniel Ginsburg families gave our beauti were purchased and the building program improvements continued to be made ful silver tea service in memory of wasput into high gear. becauseof the outstandinggenerosity of an the fall of 1965, our Temple their parents, and a most generous our members. On November 3. 1961, lost one of its most outstanding members. contribution was made to the Temple A Montgomery manufacturer, Sel- at Sabbath services,an enlarged pulpit Mrs. Harry Wahl -- Betty, as she was by Augusta Goldenburg. In addition, man Ginsburg, becamepresident in 1959. was dedicated to the memory of lsadora known to everyone -- had dedicated various other members have contributed and it was during his administration that Cooper, made possible by the lsadora her life to her Temple. She was a member prayer books, Bibles, hymnals, and other M. Cooper Memorial Fund. Our pulpit of the Boardof Trusteesand, at the valuable gifts. Temple's long-time dream came true. time of her death, was a member of Paul Stapleton was selectedas architect; decor was greatly enhancedwith the a successfulfund raising drive was con- installation of two beautiful pulpit chairs the National Board of Directors of the The 1960's also brought to one ducted under the leadershipof Dr. and the redrapingof the Ark with a National Federation of Temple Sister- of our prominent Temple members a Finkelsteinand Dan Ginsburg; and plans lovely golden glow made possiblethrough hoods. Her untimely passing was a great singular civic honor. Joseph Snowiss, were approved at a congregational Lhe Louis Krim Memorial Fund. Our lossboth to the Templeand to the active in Temple life as a Board member, meeting. Under the able supervisionof beautiful pulpit lectern was added community. became one of the few Jewish men to Edwin Harris, who was in charge of through moniescontributed to the Harry serve on the Williamsport City Council. construction.the beautiful addition to Goldberg Golden Book and the generous Recently our caretaker's apartment the Temple was completedand was assistanceof Mr. and Mrs. JosephAdler. was carpetedthrough the generosityof An area of very significant concern dedicated on Friday, April 21, 1961 It was through their deep interest in Mr. and Mrs. LouisHirsh; and the to the Temple has been the care of with special Sabbath Services held in our Temple that new sanctuary doors Rabbi's study was panelled through a the Temple cemeteryat Wildwood. This the Sanctuary. Rabbi Eugene P. Lipman were installed. Sometimeafter our ded- contribution by Mr. William Stern. The phase of Temple life has been guided was guest speaker. A dedication banquet ication, the kindergartenroom was ded- bookcasesin the study were a gift of by the diligent interest of William Stern. and dance, with Dr. Harold J. Adelson icated in memory of Paula Levy through the Sisterhood. The carpeting in both It was William Stern who graciously as toastmaster, was held on Saturday a gift madeby Mrs. Nellie Watt. Our the study and the library has been contributed the Temple Beth Ha-Shalom evening, April 22, 1961, in the new beautiful library, replete with many inter- contributedby the Wah] Family,while monumental marker at the Wildwood social hall. At this memorable event, esting volumes on Jewish life, was form- the ever-increasing number of interesting Cemetery so that the Temple's area there 28 29 could be easily discerned. He has also A Salute to Ben HfTsh been most generousin his contributions toward the maintenanceand improve- We, the editorial staff of this ment of our Temple facilities. Sometime CentennialJournal, wish to pay special following the erection of the new build- tribute to the memoryof Ben Hirsh, ings, the Rabbi's study was dedicated who, until his death in 1964. was the in memory of Frank and Elizabeth Baer Temple'sofficial historian. In spite of Wilson who were the beloved parents his many commitments in business,civic, of Samueland Hiram Wilsonby the and political affairs, his life-long interest generous bequest of Samuel Wilson. in his Temple was his greatestconcern He served a$ a religious school teacher for five years, and was not only a member of the Temple Board of Trustees. but was also treasurer. sec. £ All these generous contributions and the heightened interest in Temple life retary, and chairmanof major Temple were due. in no small measure,to the events. inspired leadershipwe have had from the men who servedus so well as When it was decided to have a Dedication Journal to commemorate the presidents during the early 60's. Each Temple's 80th anniversary, it was Ben of them. Dr. Harold Adelson,Mr Hirsh who assumedthe mighty task Selman Ginsburg, Mr. Edwin Harris, and of searching through all the available our incumbent president, Dr. Herman records in the Temple's archives as well Finkelstein,have been unstinting and as in the files of the local papers. tirelessin their efforts in behalf of The results of his ''labor of love '' were our Temple. the journals which marked not only the 80th, but the goth and 95th anniversaries as well These past few years have indeed been busy ones -- yet we have cherished To this truly outstandingman, we every exciting moment becauseour goal owe an enormous debt of gratitude. has ever been that of personal dedication Without the ''ground work '' that was and commitmentto Temple Beth Ha- so expertlydone by Ben Hirsh, the Sholom. May it be so, as we stand writing of this 100th anniversary .Journal upon the threshold of our second century would have been almost impossibleto of progress. achieve PETER HERDIC!

WILL BUILD RESIDENCE OF ANY SIZE ATANY COST FORANY ONE On land now ownedby him, ONE-THIRD THE PRICE to be paid in cashupon completion of the building, the balance to remain on Sla.g.g BOND ORMORTGAGE for longtime Policiesof insuranceto be taken and assignedto him as collateral Lots in value $250UPWARD And in most eligible locations. PARTIES INTERESTED may call upon E. CULVER, ,4rchz'fact. at his office over the Lumberman's National Bank, where designs and estimates can be had (Hd/curd zn [he Gazetteand Bulletin of Thursday, July 6, 1876.) 30 31 COLONIAL LANDMARK PRESERVEDIN LYCOMING COUNTY and uprightness of character. He was experimental farming was performed in also distinguished for his positivenessof its fields throughthe cooperationof BY COMMONWEALTH BANK conviction and strong individuality Penn State University. Here the small red-skinned potato was tested and de- Thanks to the generosity of said that he wasraised in the "back veloped Commonwealth Bank & Trust Company, woods." A trough used for the collection .john Walker Hays, V, was born in a historic Lycoming County landmark of sap from the sugar maples was the stone house, came to Williamsport has been preserved from destruction used for his cradle, and he was lulled in 1842, and attendedthe Williamsport In June of 1957 a large storage by bulldozers making room for a new [o sleep by the wind sighing in the Academy.He later learnedthe trade branchesof the lofty pines.On this shed containing 12,000 bushels. of po- suburban shopping center. The landmark of tinner at Lewisburg, and in 1852 tatoes was destroyed by a cyclone: A is the old stone house on the Squire primitive farm he was reared and grew went to San Francisco,driving a flock to manhood. large barn next to the.shed survived Hays Homestead, a building that dates of sheep overland to Salt Lake City. untouched. however, and can be seen back to 1806,and a propertythat Hays returned to Williamsport in 1853 dates back even farther. In 1806 Squire John Hays built and established a stove and tinware today along Route 15 near the old stone house the sturdy stone house that now serves business at Fourth and Pine Streets. Old Lycoming Township was the as Commonwealth Bank's fifteenth office . He served as a member of several city principal field of operation of the Fair It was constructed entirely of stone from councils and as county auditor. In 1885 Play glen, who were all outlaws in the the countryside, with walls 18 inches John Walker Hays sold the ''homestead" The Antes family can be credited eyesof the authorities and were forced thick. Wooden sections of the house to Samuel B. Waltz and his wife. were made of 3''x 6" tapered rafters with having preserved the Squire Hays to adopt measuresfor the security.of Christiana King Hays Waltz, who was Homestead into the twentieth century persons' and property, not only against that were dovetailed and held together a great granddaughter of Squire Hays. and Commonwealth Bank & Trust can Indians but their less failing enemies with wooden pins. The windowsills were The property was sold twice between then of hewn white pine, and the flooring be credited with preservingthis historic land-shark speculators. The Fair Play and 1923, at which time Phillip G. landmark for future generations. settlers and ' their land were brought was 2" x 18'' white pine boards. The Antes bought it and 120 acres of land into the fold" of the Commonwealth building materials were probably cut by the purchaseconsummated at Fort from the Haysland, which was thickly Stanwix on August 23, 1784. Ten years wooded. A huge fireplace extended from Long a familiar site to Williamsport later. new settlers moved into this terri the cellar to the secondfloor, with Phillip owned and operatedthe residents' the Squire Hays Homestead openings on both the first and second Antes Potato Farm for almost 40 years will continue to stand as a lasting tory, and one such was John Hays. With the exception of some interior lll, (Squire Hays). floors. The house remained essentially monument to the courageous pioneers unchanged until sometime after the Civil remodeling and redecorating, the basic who helped forge a mighty nation from War, when a two-story addition was structure of the Squire Hays Homestead a raw frontier. Commonwealth Bank was John Hays, 111,married Jane Horner remained unchanged. The well-main on May 21, 1795, and in September.of made. recently notified by the Pennsylvania the same year they located on Lycoming tamed and properous Antes Potato Farm Historical & Museum Commission that Creek, about six miles from Williamsport. Squire Hays was elected sheriff of was an asset to Lycoming County. It was the old stone house has been placed Ehe largest and one of the best in the John's father was granted !his tract of Lycoming County about the same time in the Registerof HistoricSites and land in LycomingCounty by a patent the stone house was built. He served the stale. In addition to normal operations Landmarks. dated the 'twenty-ninth day of May in post honestly and ably for three years. 1811 (Patent Book N, number 6, page In 1821 he died, and two years later (JanuaT)30, 1975.) 99). John Hays, Jr., (the father), his wife passed away. comm;ndeda companyin the Revol utionary War and'was in the battle Lycoming County at that time was of Trenton. He was born in Ireland, composedof the territory in the present the eldest son of John Hays. counties of Bradford, Tioga, Potter, Mckean, Clinton, Sullivan, and part of The land where Squire Hays settled Clearfield. was nearly all covered with heavy timber: and for a short time they were obliged On the death of his parents, John to sleep in the wagon in which they King Hayssucceeded to the farm, and had traveled from Northampton County. during his lifetime it became one of But in a few weeks Hays had erected the finest along Lycoming Creek. John a cabin, covered with clapboards, into King Hays died on March 11, 1878, which they moved. And in this cabin in the 82nd year of his life, leaving John King Hays, IV, was born on behind him the highest of all heritages, January 15, 1797. He was the only a good name and spotless reputation. child in the family. It may be truly He was noted throughout life for integrity 32 CENTENNIAL OBSERVED IN WILLIAMSPORT that our land today, throughits baptism hundred persons.Fortunately, a copy or of blood is two of Mr. Jefferson's pronunciamiento, The land of the free to George the Third, is still extant, (From the Gazette and Bulletin of Thursday, July 6, 1876) And the home of the brave. and those who will take the trouble We thank Thee for our religious to read it will Hind themselves repaid A Harp) Time GeneTalt)and EueT)bod) There liberty: that here everyman may worship for their trouble That Sham Battle -- The Camp Fate -- The PctTade I'hee accordingto the dictatesof his Att about the Picnics -- The Fire WoTlls -- The conscience; that Armenian and Calvinist. Incidents oJ the Da) and Evening Unitarian and Universalist, Jew and The Oration Greek, Romanist and Chinee, Anglican We thank Thee, O, God, for all and African, all may offer sacrifice At about eight o'clock on .the It was announced by this paper our material wealth: for a wide-spreading each in his own temple, ''none daring to that the orator of the day, Hon. William morning of the Fourth the various commercethat carriesour flag into all molesthim or makehim afraid." We organizations and societies which were to thank Thee for the holy Sabbath, the H. Armstrong, would deliver an address participate in the . .parade. began. .to parts of the world, .bearing upon its worthy of the great occasion.He had folds freedom and civilization, and in poor man's rest day, with its hallowed taken a deep interest in the proper its stars hope for the oppressed of every memories and glowing associations; for observanceof the day, and had, at !:It,:..'!i..::'HU:.!,;::i dime. For our manufacturing industries; the Holy Bible that guidesthe path with the right resting on MarlSet Square: the expenseof considerabletime and at nine o'clock, and soon after moved our arts: our scientificdiscoveries; the of human life with the rays of a trouble, preparedhimself for the delivery to the front of the court house,where electric wire that flashes our thoughts glorious immortality; O may it ever be of a fitting address. But there were no found in homes, the counting houses the column was massed by divisions. from continentto continent; the sunlight arrangements made for the convenience painting that perpetuates .our memory the shopsand the schoolsof our land. of the representatives of the press; The Ceremonies and visage;the powerof steamthat We thank Thee for holy Temples, point- nothing but tree-boxeson which to write; does our bidding and annihilates space ing their spires to heaven, for Sabbath no seats,in short, no preparationsat all schools, religious and benevolent in The crowd at this place was great, and time; the hidden resourceswe may except that illustrious dry-goods box. and the selectionof this place for the ca[[ forth to light our homesand make stitutions and societies,and we humbly Under such circumstances the speaker exercise very injudicious. The melting busyour wheelsof labor; for the new pray that the ensuingcentury of our could not speakto advantage,and the discoveries. new inventions, and new country's history may be more abundantly reporter could not report. rays of the ' sun beat down upon the blessedof Thee. May peacedwell within front of the building and renderedthe triumphs that daily crown our efforts. our borders,and no bloodshedstain heat unendurable. No platform had been It is our good fortune, however, to We thank Thee for our educational our fields. or war'salarm disturbour provided for the speakers,.and.no awning present even a meagre synopsisof Mr. to shelterthem.' The double row of advantages, our varied and extensive happy homes. May intemperance, that Armstrong's address. literature, our colleges, our seminaries, heavy curse resting upon so many of the treesalong the sidewalkserved a good fair sonsof America, bringing so much of purpose to a small portion of .those our academies, our private schools, our The address began with a reference assembled.One of the committee finally common schools. the property and hope misery and crime and degradation, be to the Royal charter of Charles the second of the poor, whereall may have equal uprooted. And as the century just closed to William Pennin 1681,and the laying obtained a three by four dry goods is renowned for the abolition of slavery, box as a platform, which, when occupied advantages and where mind only gives out of Philadelphiain 1683.The histories the ascendancy, for a free press, bearing may the ensuingone be more so for of the three original counties,Philadel- by a speaker, brought his head up among the exterminationof intemperance.May the foliage of the trees -- completely LO the humblest habitation as well as to all evil be removed.and as a nation phia, Bucks and Chester. were related stifling his voice. the most palatial residencewords of briefly; followed by a recital of important cheer,of comfort, of counsel,of religion. may we fear God and work righteousness. events up to the dates of the formation Some excellent music by Repasz and a Bible, that tells the lone voyager And may Thy blessingrest upon the of counties as follows: Lancaster, 1729; band openedthe exercises,and then the and the poor oppressedof the only President and congress, upon governors York. 1749; Cumberland, 1750; Berks Rev. D. S. Monroe delivered the following star by whichthe bark of man can of our commonwealths, upon our munic- and Northampton, 1752; Bedford, 1771; ipal authorities, upon all men everywhere, prayer: navigatethe sea of life and gain the Northumberland. 1772: Westmoreland, port of bliss securely.We thank Thee for Tesus'sake. Amen. 1773; Washington, 1781; Mifflin, 1789; for our political liberties,the right and Lycoming, in 1795.The latter county The PTa)eT of opinion, the right of free discussion. at its formationembraced more than the i'ight of the electivefranchise. For The Declaration a quarter of the territory of the state O, Thou who art great -- the God the wonderful extension of those rights of Pennsylvania.Owing to the fact of who inhabits eternity -- Who art from of free men during the past century: The Hon. Robt. P. Allen then the territory being largely unsettledand everlasting, and Whose years cannot be that todayfrom the granitehills of mounted the drygoodsbox and proceeded to its neverhaving been surveyed, the numbered,we join with the million of Maine to 'the orange groves of Florida LO read the immortal document. It was western limits of the earlier counties as American hearts that today render unto and from the sea-beachwashed by the read admirably; his voice was strong formed up to 1800 were indefinite. This Thee praise, and honor, and glory wavesof the Atlantic to the waters of and clear, and yet, owing to the dis- wasthe fruitful causeof controversyand for th8 favor Thou hast shown us; the Pacificthat hidesthe sun at its advantageous circumstances, the declar- trouble. as the deedscould not contain for the blessingsof a century. setting no slave treads our soil, and ation was not fully heard by over a a definite description of the property 34 35 ceded. In 1683 the Indian tribes deeded strong's address the procession moved. halted and the organizationsleft the part of all to be the man in the to William Penna tract of land, and The Parade and of What line. The veteransthen marchedout to middle. The causeof this was immed- the deed described the land as "lying It Consisted A Vivid Sketch of the Participants the fair groundsto the camp fire. iately devised by one of the lookers on. along the Nishomineycreek and back- The Procession as a Whole where a regular old army dinner was who it was noticed seemedvery uneasy. ward of the same,and to run two and in Parts - Honor to disposed of. His explanation was given in these words: day'sjourney with an horseup into Whom Honor is Due I know what's going on up there! the country, as the said river doth go. The Irish societieswere the largest The man in the centre of that squad Many other deedswere cited and their The column was composedof four of the procession, and were subjects of has a bottle of old rye, and it's that interesting history related. These in- divisions. Colonel A. HI. Steed, chief high commendation. which makes the army move. You may definite descriptionswere the sourceof marshall of the first, which was composed bet the contents of your pockets, boys, great dissensii)n in after years= .The of the following: Mayor S. W. Stark- that every man of the opposing armies settlers passed beyond the lines claimed weather, and Colonel B. D. Barrows. The Camp Five is before your eyes." Such, evidently. by the 'Indians to limit the purchase!= chief marshallin a carriage.Thirty was the case. The banner of old rye fhe white men, in order to get all cavalry,two piecesof artillery, drawn by Early after the arrival of the ''vets' had been displayedby one army, which the land possibleunder the letter of four horses, Repasz band, fifty veterans, on the ground, they sought the pleasures resulted in an immediate surrender of the deeds,employed expert walkers where and three companiesof infantry, with of the ''camp fire." Eachman had his the other. Why should men fight and the deedssaid so many days' journey. an ambulance. tin plate, knife,fork, spoonand tin hurt each other -- even if one side had and the walkers pursued a straight cup Tables were spread under a wooden no guns and the other side no ammu- courseinstead of by the way of the Dr. J. Stieckel was chief of second shedand in a little while the tin nition? streams. as the Indians traveled. These division. This division was composedof cups were filled with coffee, and the disputes and dissensions helped to drive Stoppers band, Patriotic Sons of America, plates presented goodly piles of pork and And still. with all this evidence th; Indiansinto an alliancewith the Bald Eagle commandery, and Order beansand hard tack. There was an of no fight being before them, a large French against the English. United American Mechanics. abundance for all, and all seemed to portion of that vastassemblage of people relish the meal, humble as it was. for sat and stood, under a boiling sun, The last purchaseby the proprietors Philip McGirr was chief marshall it reminded them of the days they were awaiting a big display of army move- from the Indians at Fort Stanwixwas in of third division, which was composed working so hard to save the Union. ments from a score of men in possession 1768, for lands west of the Tiadaghton. of St. Patrick's Beneficial society, Father of two field pieces,without ammunition. Dispute arose as to whether Pine or Mathews Temperance society, drum The Sham Battle and a lot of cartridgesfor small arms, Ly6oming Creek was intended as the corps, and the Cadets of Temperance. but no small arms to make use of said eastern limit -- and thus arose the dis- Betweentwo and three o'clock in cartridges . puted lands. The settlersthereon were Fourth division was commanded by the afternoon, at least two thousand iot subject to state law, and therefore H. W. Page, chief marshall, in which persons had assembled at the fair grounds Sufficeit to say that the two perfectedan organizationand all disputes were the following: Select council in and places in that vicinity, to witness armies. about half past three o'clock. were settled by the Fair Play men -- three two carriages, common council in Hive the great shambattle for which pre- took up the line of march for home men annually elected by the settlers. carriages, President of school board, J. parations had so long been made. The and -- so did the poor victims of "sham. Their decisionsare todayrecognized by Harvey Wheeler, ex-PresidentNelson suppositionwas that the battle would the courts. Rankle and Col. Corcoran in carriage; take place on Billman's hill, and many Fire department consisting of four hose anxious eyes were turned in that I'he Picnics -- Something Then followed a very graphic history carts, three steamersand a hook and direction. about Those Who Assembled of Williamsport, from the date of its ladder company; five boys on velocipedes, at HeTdic and Union Pavlos. laying out in 1795,with a great amount and a small wagon trimmed with ever- About three o'clocksomeone dis of interestingand instructivelore, greens, with canopy, under which sat coveredwhat he thought was the move- The picnic of the church of the anecdote and history. a boy. The wagon was drawn by eight ment of a brigadeon the brow of Annunciation, at Herdic park, was, as small boys. the hill; he thoughtthere were at a picnic, an immensesuccess. The park It is utterly impossiblefor us to do leasttwenty men in that brigade. Another was never in better condition; the grand admirably old trees never looked nobler, their justice to Mr. Armstrong's The Route party, who had seen some military planned speech under the circumstances service. exclaimed: "Now for hot times, shade was never more inviting, and yet is above noted. The next time Williams- The column marched out Pine to boysl Those are the skim)ishers you see. the clouds which came sailing over the port endeavors to celebrate any event, coming out of that wood on the hills" horizon from the west deterred large especiallya centennial,it is quite Fourth street, up Fourth to Centre, on numbers from venturing out. On this probable that such measures will be taken Centre to Edwin, up Edwin to Campbell, It was soon noticed, however, that account the picnic was probably not the as to ensure a complete success,and that out Campbell to Fourth, down Fourth to the "skirmishers'' didn't deploy; that in- financial successdesired and deserved by Williamsport will honor and not belittle Centre. out Centre to Third, down Third to Chatham. out Chatham to Church, stead of extending out on each side its managers,who alwaysconduct their herself. it was quite the reverse -- all ''closing entertainments with credit to themselves up Church to Basin, out Basin to Fourth, up," so as to makethings look as if and to the comfort and happinessof Upon the conclusionof Mr. Arm up Fourth to Market, when the column there was a tremendousanxiety on the all participants. 36 37 The dancing platform was comfort of beautifully blended and variegated F. MacCollin. These, together with ex- ably filled in the intervalsof the storm, national colors, extending to a fan of cellent music by the quartette, were and the dancerskept time to the delicious Fire W'aris 7'uesdaly brilliant feathers -- the diameter being enthusiastically received. music by the Repaszorchestra. fucnz'ng -- H''here the ten feet. Exhibition piece No. 5 was Dfs+la)s Woveand oj What the American star wheel a variegated The tablesand boothswere well Consisting -- Something and radiating circle three feet in stocked with food. luxuries and sub about the Scenesand Incidents diameter. developingprismatic rings in The I)eco at£ons-- The Lhenational colors, red, white, and blue stantials, and the fair ones who presided Buntzhg That Wm .f/ung and Exhibition piece No. 6 the centennial seemedto reap a record reward for their FfTexooTlts in Market Square Lhe TTansPaTencies. courtesy and zeal. dance -- twelve van-colored fireflies dart- The effects of the storm were much The fireworks exhibition in Market ing around a centre of great brilliancy. The stores. business houses. banks. more marked at Union than at Herdic Square was the best ever seen in Williams Exhibition piece No. 7, Young America hotels, and private dwellingswere very a revolving Grecian bowl embellished park. The Williamsport Grayshere held port. The brilliant successattached to generally profusely draped with the a picnic.They wereat no time during it consistedmainly in the fact thai with brilliant rays, emitting a continuous national colors, and decoratedwith ap- those entrusted with the management stream of emerald, gold, crimson, and propriate devicesand emblems.The dis- th; day favored with such an attendance silver maroonedstars. Exhibition piece as they deserved. Stopper's band was in fully understoodtheir business,the No. 8, Union Batterv - threw a con play was so general and so profuse attendanceand. as its customand committeeof arrangementsbeing J. W sinuous stream of colored stars and on the part of all that it werean pleasure, rendered the best of music. The Mussina,W. D. Richmond,Dr. Milton almost endlesstask to attempt its des- Haber, and W. S. Allen meteorsfrom forty to eighty feet in cription in detail. From Loyalsockto promise of a sham battle had kept the air. Exhibition piece No. was thousandsof people hanging about on 9, Lycoming creek, and from the hills to fencesand roidsitieswho would other This exhibition was in no way the CentennialStar, encircledby five the river, nearly every dwelling was connected with the other celebrations of smaller ones with silver rays. It was decked in gorgeous colors. Particularly wise have gladly enjoyed themselvesin twelve feet in diameter. Exhibition piece these groves. After it was ascertained that the day, as it was gotten up by private No. 10, and the final one. was a noticeable was the general office of the the fight was to be a stupendous fizzle subscription from among citizens of Philadelphia and Erie railway. The large Market Squareand vicinity. portrait of Washingtonsurrounded by the people started for the parks. Then stars and silver rays, with salutes. This front was completely enveloped in bunt- camethe storms.The first was un ing, while two locomotive head-lights, piece was about ten feet in diameter. As soon as it became dark enough one facing east and the other west. important,and servedas rather a West End Ceiebratfon pleasant cooler. The second was far marc to admit of a proper effect, rockets served to light up the handsome display. business-like. It came dashing down from went high into the air, then followed the west with trouble and disasterpic thf: marc fancy pieces,such as double Here the day was usheredin by tured in blackness on its brow. 'l'he t'xtra triangles in variegated colors; mines the ringing of the chimeson Trinity rain fe[[ in torrents, and the w]n(] r)f Stars and serpentslarge; mines of Church. At 7 o'clock. Professor Parker The Da) at MontouTslftle blew a gale. Three large trees in the stars arl(I s(:rpcnts in assorted colors; and assistants sent up several balloons. A Unique PTocessfon -- The GToue ExeTcfses. vicinityof the park weretwisted off floral t)oml)shells in variegated colorsi These were followed by a brilliant display the dead and live branchescame rattling of fireworks. Great preparations had [)attcrics; ]argc fountains of variegated The demonstration at Montoursville down by the score; the various booths Stars; (lout)I(- rcvnlving radiators, colored; been made for this event. and all ex and sheds swayed and creekcd revolving rocks, ctc.; large detonating pectations were fully realized. Just before was highly interesting.At the time as if from an earthquake. All thee( cariiloii salutes. six Founders; brilliant the closingpiece was set off, R. M. previously announced the procession was troubleswere the causenot only of a fires rr'llc(tii)g colors of ruby. violet, Foresman, Esq., announced that the organized, with the band in front, dressed great deal of annoyanceand discomfort goad, an(] cmcra]d; exhibition piece programme would be continued in the in attractive fantastic costume. but the ladies and many of the sterner the goldcrl crown. This piece was a Herdic House grounds, to which place sex were most thoroughly frightened. The horizontal revolving cascadeof variegated the audience wended their way. In a Frank Wheeland officiated as chief roofs of the sheds served merely as colors, surmounted by a golden crown, little while thereafter a barouche with marshal, with J. W. Grafius and Jacob sieves to relieve the water of its purity and a bakery emitting showersof brilliant four horsesattached arrived at the main Shafer, assistants and imbue it with impurity. It wouid meteors, to a height of fifty feet. Exhib- stand, with the orators and musicians stain whereverit struck. Of coursethe ition No. 2 was the revolving cascade, Cheer upon cheer greeted their arrival. The elephant ''Boliver,'' the three ladies in gala costumeswere dismayed. a sprayof brilliantsfirst projectedup and the band struck up ''Hail to the legged man, and some miscellaneous but there' was no escape.Even the ward, then falling in showersof silver Chief." Mr. Foresman was escorted to the features also appeared in time fiddlers of Stopper'sband could not scintillations - the piece standing upon chair as presidentof the meeting.He protect their cherishedviolins, which a rapidly revolving variegated base. Ex returned thanks for the honor conferred After the processionhad goneover were soaked hibition piece No. 3 was the union upon him, in a neatlittle speechwhich the principal streets,a large number Yet, there was no grumbling. All fountain.composed of red, white, and was happily received. A Declaration of of people, including many visitors from seemed determined to celebrate whether blue circles, flanked by two brilliant Independence was read by B. S. Bentley. a distance, proceeded to the grove. there were any natural advantagesfor silver jets, surmounted by a battery of Jr. The Fourth of July oration was a jubileeor not. May they havebetter meteors. Exhibition piece No. 4 was the delivered by J. O. Parker, and the The I)eclaration of Independence luck next time national bouquet, consistingof a centre reading of Anderson's ode was by A. W. was here read by Dr. H. G. Mccormick. 38

The history of Montoursville, pre- pared by a committee,was read by J. T. Shelly, one of the number. Centennial Obsewance The Pine Street M. E. Church was finely attendedon Sabbathlast. At Superintendent T. F. Gahan then delivered the oration. which was un 9 a.m. a social meeting for prayer. praise, and the relation of personal iversallypronounced a very able and experience,was held, and was a very interesting address. interestingoccasion. At 10 a.m. the pastor, Rev. D. S. Monroe, delivered a discourse based on Isaiah 33:6. The The companythen addressedthem- Old Fellows, Patriotic Sons of America selves to the refreshments, which were and the American Mechanics were present in ample abundance. The band present. In the afternoon centennial and had supplied plenty of ice cream. missionary services were held by the lemonade. etc.. for which there was a Sunday School, H. T. Ames, Esq., ready market. superintendent, when addresseswere deliveredby C. C. Brogdon,A. M., president of Lasell Seminary, Massachus- About the time the dancing was to etts, and Rev. J. A. Woodcock, pastor begin, the rain began to "come down. of Price Chapel, this city. At 7 p.m. The dance was therefore adjourned till the pastor again preached, his subject evening, when it took place in the being ''The Model Statesman.'' The band hall to the satisfactionof all, morning offering was appropriatedto and to the reasonablepecuniary ad- educational purposes, and in the after vantage ofthe band. noon [o the missionary cause.

Painted b) SCAIFE'S VALLEY PRESS oJ WiltiamsPovt, Pa