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Peterson's AP US History Peterson’s AP U.S. History Margaret C. Moran W. Frances Holder About Thomson Peterson’s Thomson Peterson’s (www.petersons.com) is a leading provider of education information and advice, with books and online resources focusing on education search, test preparation, and financial aid. Its Web site offers searchable databases and interactive tools for contacting educational institutions, online practice tests and instruction, and planning tools for securing financial aid. Thomson Peterson’s serves 110 million education consumers annually. Special thanks to Rick Holder for his editorial assistance. Photo Credits: p. 281, The Granger Collection, New York; p. 335, Culver Pictures, Inc. Graphics by: Siren Design, Inc. For more information, contact Thomson Peterson’s, 2000 Lenox Drive, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648; 800-338-3282; or find us on the World Wide Web at www.petersons.com/about. © 2005 Thomson Peterson’s, a part of The Thomson Corporation Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Previously published as Peterson’s AP Success: U.S. History Editor: Wallie Walker Hammond; Production Editor: Megan Hellerman; Manufacturing Manager: Judy Coleman; Composition Manager: Linda M. Williams. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage and retrieval systems—without the prior written permission of the publisher. For permission to use material from this text or product, submit a request online at www.thomsonrights.com Any additional questions about permissions can be submitted by e-mail to [email protected] ISBN 0-7689-1824-3 Printed in the United States of America 10987654321070605 First Edition Petersons.com/publishing Check out our Web site at www.petersons.com/publishing to see if there is any new information regarding the test and any revisions or corrections to the content of this book. We’ve made sure the information in this book is accurate and up-to-date; however, the test format or content may have changed since the time of publication. CONTENTS Introduction .......................................... 1 10 Strategies for Acing the Exam ........................... 1 10 Facts about the AP U.S. History Exam ..................... 2 Scoring High on the AP U.S. History Exam ................... 5 Study Plan for the AP U.S. History Exam ..................... 8 The Panic Plan ........................................... 12 Why Take the Diagnostic Test? ............................. 14 PART I: DIAGNOSING YOUR STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES Diagnostic Test ....................................... 17 .........................................................Answers and Explanations .................................. 39 Self-Evaluation Rubric for the Advanced Placement Essays ....... 61 PART II: AP U.S. HISTORY STRATEGIES Chapter 1 Answering the Multiple-Choice Questions ............................... 65 Practice Plan ............................................. 65 Basic Information ......................................... 65 Attacking the Questions: Practical Advice .................... 67 Practicing ............................................... 68 Practice Set 1 ............................................ 69 Answers and Explanations ................................. 71 Practice Set 2 ............................................ 73 Answers and Explanations ................................. 75 Practice Set 3 ............................................ 76 Answers and Explanations ................................. 78 Chapter 2 Writing a “9” Essay ..................... 81 Practice Plan ............................................. 81 Basic Information about Section II .......................... 82 Good Writing ............................................ 83 Planning and Writing Each Essay: Practical Advice ............. 85 Chapter 3 Writing the DBQ Essay................... 87 Defining the DBQ ........................................ 87 The Game Plan ........................................... 89 v CONTENTS Chapter 4 Writing the Free Response Essays ....... 97 Defining the Free Response Questions ....................... 97 The Game Plan ........................................... 98 Practical Advice .......................................... 98 Free Response Essays ..................................... 99 Suggestions for Free Response Essays, Part B ................. 100 Suggestions for Free Response Essays, Part C ................. 104 Self-Evaluation Rubric for the Advanced Placement Essays ...... 108 PART III: AP U.S. HISTORY REVIEW Chapter 5 Reviewing the Colonial Period to 1789. 113 Discovery, Settlement, and Expansion, 1492–1754 ............. 113 Colonial Society Around 1750 .............................. 123 The Move to Independence, 1754–1776 ..................... 128 The American Revolution, 1775–1783 ....................... 134 Drafting the Constitution .................................. 139 Chapter 6 The Constitution and Important Supreme Court Cases ................... 143 The U.S. Constitution ...................................... 143 Twelve Important Supreme Court Decisions .................. 148 Some Additional Supreme Court Cases with Impact on Historical Events ............................................... 155 Chapter 7 Reviewing the New Nation to Mid-Century ............................. 157 The New Nation, 1789–1800 ............................... 157 The Age of Jefferson, 1800–1816 ........................... 164 Nationalism: Prosperity and Change ......................... 168 Sectionalism ............................................. 174 The Age of Jackson, 1828–1848 ............................ 178 A Changing Society and an Emerging Culture ................. 182 Chapter 8 Reviewing the Events Leading to the Civil War and Its Aftermath ............. 189 Territorial Expansion and Sectional Crisis .................... 189 Prelude to the Civil War ................................... 193 The Civil War ............................................ 197 Reconstruction ........................................... 203 www.petersons.com vi CONTENTS Chapter 9 Becoming an Urban and Industrial World Power ............................ 211 The New South .......................................... 211 The Last Frontier ......................................... 214 Industry, Labor, and Big Business ........................... 218 Urban Society ............................................ 222 Intellectual and Cultural Movements ......................... 225 The Gilded Age .......................................... 227 The Nation Abroad, 1865–1914 ............................. 231 The Progressive Era ....................................... 235 Chapter 10 Reviewing the Twentieth Century: 1915 to the Present ................... 241 Wilson and World War I ................................... 241 The 1920s................................................ 245 The Great Depression ..................................... 248 The New Deal ........................................... 250 Diplomacy in the 1920s and 1930s .......................... 256 World War II ............................................ 259 Truman and the Beginning of the Cold War .................. 263 The Eisenhower Years .................................... 268 The Kennedy/Johnson Years ............................... 270 The Nixon Years ......................................... 276 The United States Since 1974 ............................... 279 PART IV: PRACTICE TESTS Practice Test 1 ........................................ 289 .........................................................Answers and Explanations .................................. 313 Self-Evaluation Rubric for the Advanced Placement Essays ...... 339 Practice Test 2 ........................................ 341 .........................................................Answers and Explanations .................................. 367 Self-Evaluation Rubric for the Advanced Placement Essays ...... 391 vii www.petersons.com INTRODUCTION 10 STRATEGIES FOR ACING THE EXAM PREPARING FOR THE EXAM 1. Read the AP Course Description for the U.S. History Exam, available from your teacher, and the 10 Facts about the AP U.S. History Exam, on pages 2–4 in this book. 2. Choose your Study Plan from pages 8–13 in this book. 3. Choose a place and time to study every day. Stick to your routine and your plan. 4. Even though they are time-consuming, complete the Diagnostic and Practice Tests in this book. They will give you just what they promise: practice—practice in reading and following the direc- tions, practice in pacing yourself, practice in understanding and answering multiple-choice questions, and practice in writing timed essays. 5. Complete all of your assignments for your regular AP U.S. History class. Ask questions in class, talk about what you read and write, and enjoy what you are doing. The exam is supposed to measure your development as an educated and thinking reader. THE NIGHT BEFORE THE EXAM 6. Assemble what you will need for the exam: your admission materials, four number 2 pencils, two pens, a watch (without an alarm), and a healthy snack for the break. Put these items in a place where you will not forget them in the morning. 7. Don’t cram. Relax. Go to a movie, visit a friend—but not one who is taking the exam with you. Get a good night’s sleep. THE DAY OF THE EXAM 8. Wear comfortable clothes. 9.
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