sign in sign up
<<
Home , Fenian dynamite campaign, Grace Gifford, Joseph Plunkett, Moore Street, Patrick Pearse, Roger Casement

The Leaders of the 1916 Rising (Signatories of the Proclamation)

By David Sheridan The 7 Signatories:  Joseph Mary Plunkett   Thomas MacDonagh  Seán MacDiarmada   Thomas James Clarke  Éamonn Ceannt Joseph Mary Plunkett Joseph Mary Plunkett

. Born: on 21st November

. Occupation: Editor of the Irish Review Newspaper

. Joined in 1913 and the IRB in 1914

. Travelled to Germany to meet in 1915

. Role in the Rising: Director or Military Operations, based at the GPO

. Married in and he was executed a few hours later Padraig Pearse Padraig Pearse

. Born in Dublin in November 1879

. Occupation: Principal/Teacher, Barrister, Poet, Editor

. 1898 he became a member of the Executive Committee of the Gaelic League

. Prolific writer in both Irish and English and became Editor of

. Established 2 schools in Dublin: Colaiste Eanna and Colaiste Ide

. Founding member of the Irish Volunteers

. Author of the Proclamation of Independence

. Role in the Rising: Commander in Chief of the Irish Forces, based in the GPO

. Executed 3 Thomas MacDonagh Thomas MacDonagh:

. Born in Tipperary in February 1878

. Occupation: Teacher

. A great literary figure, his play “When Dawn is Come” was produced at the

. Appointed Director of Training for the Irish Volunteers in 1914, then joined the IRB

. Appointed to the IRB Military Committee in 1916

. Role in the Rising: Commander of the 2nd Battalion of Volunteers at Jacob’s Biscuit Factory

. Executed 3 May 1916 Seán Mac Diarmada Seán Mac Diarmada:

. Born in Kiltyclogher, County Leitrim in January 1883

. Occupation: Emigrated to in 1900 & in 1902

. A member of the Gaelic League, he joined the IRB in 1906

. Became Managing Editor of the IRB newspaper () in 1910

. Despite suffering from Polio, he became a member of the IRB Military Committee in 1915

. Role in the Rising: He served in the GPO

. Executed 12 May 1916 James Connolly James Connolly:

. Born in Edinburgh in June 1868

. Occupation: Politician and Trade Unionist

. Member of the Industrial Workers of the World and founder of the Irish Socialist Republican Party.

. Appointed Commandent-General of the Dublin forces leading the group that occupied the GPO

. Unable to stand during his execution, he was shot while sitting in a chair

. The last of the leaders to die, he was executed 12 May 1916 Thomas Clarke Thomas Clarke:

. Born in Hampshire, in March 1858

. Son of Irish parents, spent a lot of time in America, fleeing pending arrest

. Involved in the Dynamite Campaign in 1883 in with O’Donovan Rossa

. Joined Clan na nGael & served 15 years & Treasurer of the IRB

. Member of the Supreme Council of the IRB from 1915

. Based in the GPO during the Rising

. “We had to evacuate the GPO. The boys put up a grand fight, and that fight will save the soul of ”

. Executed 3 May 1916 Éamonn Ceannt Éamonn Ceannt:

. Born in in September 1881

. Occupation: Dublin Corporation employee

. Co-Founder of the Irish Volunteers

. Took part in the Howth Gun-Running Operation of 1914

. Loved Irish Culture: language, history and music- an accomplished uileann piper.

. Role in the Rising: Commander of the 4th Battalion of Irish Volunteers

. Executed 8 May 1916

Leaders of the 1916 By Eimear Foody The Easter Rising

• The Easter Rising or Easter was an armed rebellion in Ireland during Easter Week , .

• It was launched by the Irish to end British rule and establish an independent while the UK were fighting the First World War .

• Here are some of the main leaders . Patrick Pearse

• Patrick was born in Dublin in 1887

• He joined the I.R.B Military Committee in 1916

• He came to be seen by many as the embodiment of the rebellion

• He was executed on the 3rd of May 1916 James Connolly

• James was born in Edinburgh in 1868

• He was a Scottish- born Irish republican

• He dropped out of school to work at the age of 11.

• Unable to stand due to wounds , he was executed sitting on 12th of May 1916

• Joseph Mary Plunkett was born in Dublin in 1887

• He was a poet and journalist before the rising

• He was also a revolutionary and a leader of the 1916 Easter Rising

• He was executed on May 4th , 1916 Tom Clarke

• Thomas (Tom) James Clarke was born in the United Kingdom in 1858

• He was an Irish republican from County Tyrone

• Clarke was arguably the person most responsible for the Rising

• He was killed on May 3rd , 1916 Sean Mac Diarmada

• Sean Mac Diarmada was also know as Sean MacDermott

• He was an Irish republican and a revolutionary leader

• He was born in Kiltyclogher in 1883

• He was killed on May 12th ,1916 Eamonn Ceannt

• Eamonn Ceannt was actually named Edward

• He was an Irish republican mostly know for his role in the Rising

• He was born in Ballymoe in 1881

• He died on May 8th ,1916 Thomas MacDonagh

• He wasn’t born in Tipperary in 1878

• He was in the I.R.B Military Committee in 1916

• He was a political activist and a poet playwright

• He died on May 3rd , 1916 William Pearse

• William was born in Dublin in 1881

• He was Patrick Pearse’s younger brother

• He took part in the Rising fighting alongside his older brother Patrick

• He was executed on May 4th 1916 at the age of 34 Thanks for watching By Eimear Foody The 1916 Easter Rising HOW LONG WAS THE RISING?

• The Easter Rising lasted six days in total with 485 people killed and 2600 were wounded. 54 % of this were civilians, 30% were British military and 16% were Irish rebels.

• It started on Monday the 24 of April 1916 to Saturday the 29 of April. The leaders of the Irish Rebels

• There were a least eight men executed. They were killed by a firing squad. Some of them men Eamonn Ceannt, Thomas James Clarke, James Connolly, Seán MacDiarmada and Thomas MacDonagh

•

• •

•

• • THE 1916 EASTER RISING By Jack Packer What was the Easter Rising ?

• The Easter rising was armed rebellion in Ireland during Easter week, april1916. it was carried out by the Irish republican brother hood and members of the Irish citizens army. It was done to protest against British rule in Ireland, it was the first uprising since the 1798 rebellion. Only about 1250 men took part in the rising. Out of these about 300 when to the general post office (GPO) in Dublin. They were led by Patrick Pearse and James Connolly. At first the British put up no resistance as world was one was their main concern, but soon more British arrived in Dublin to fight the Irish. THE LEADERS Pearse was one of the main leaders of the 1916 Easter rising. He was a trained Irish teacher and poet. His Patrick name in Irish is Pádraig. He was born ion 1879 in Dublin and had a great interest in the . He spent many summers in the learning Irish. He had a huge interest in politics also. Pearse

At first Pearse only wanted home rule rather than independence. He founded a school for boys and called it “st Edna's school”, where children could learn about Irish culture and language.

Pádraig Pearse was the leader who read the proclamation form the top of the GPO Cumann na mBhan

Cumann na mBhan “the league of women” was founded on the 2nd of April 1914. they were founded by Agnes O Ferally. The recruits were from diverse background from very professional women to women of the middle working class. In September of 1914 when Remond was looking for troops to fight for the over 3000 men rejected him, Cumann na mBhan supported these men. Cuman na mBhan main duty was to tend to the wounded, gather intelligence on scouting missions and transport arms. The were made up of over 70 women The IRB

• The Irish republican brotherhood was led by high‐ ranking members such as Joseph Plunket, Thomas Macdonough and Pádraig Pearse who was co‐opted by the supreme council in 1915. they were a small and secret revolutionary group. The 1916 rising was planned by a seven‐man IRB military council in may of 1915 Locations GPO This is where the proclamation was read by Pádraig Pearse at 12.45pm on the 24th of April. His audience of people had all left by the end leaving only his guard listening to him 16 When the rising reached its 5th day it was decided that the leaders should be moved to this house in the interest of safety. This was the last meeting place of the leaders Liberty Hall On the 23rd of April the proclamation was printed here and on the 26th it was fired upon by the HMY Helga Dublin castle When the rising began the castle had very few British solider as it was a bank holiday and they were all at the Fairyground races. A sniper in the opposite tower injured 53 rebels and was not killed until the last day of the rising Boland's bakery This was an importance strategic strong hold because it covered the railway tine into Dublin. Eamon de Valera HQ was a small building next to the building. On the Thursday afternoon the bakery took shelling from the HMY Helga. Late on the Friday de Valera ordered thee bakery to be evacuated The Liberty Hall 16 Moore Street GPO

Dublin Castle HMY Helga Boland's Bakery 1916 Easter Rising

By Niall Duffy Why did the Easter Rising happen? The Rising was launched by Irish republicans to end British rule in Ireland and establish an independent Irish Republic while the United Kingdom was fighting the First World War. It was the most significant uprising in Ireland since the rebellion of 1798 and the first armed action of the Irish revolutionary period.

When? The 1916 Rising started on Monday the 24th of April 1916 and finished on Saturday 29th of April 1916. Main Leaders

Seven of the leaders of the 1916 Rising were Padraig Pearse, James Connolly, Thomas Clarke, Sean MacDermott, Joseph Mary Plunkett, Eamonn Ceannt and Thomas MacDonagh Countess Markievicz Countess Markievicz (1868 -1927) Born Constance Gore-Booth in Lissadell Co. on Feb 4th 1868, Countess Markievicz was the only woman sentenced to death for her role in the Rising. Her sentence was later commuted to life in prison because of her gender and she was ultimately released in an amnesty in 1917. In 1918 she was the first woman elected to the British Parliament, but refused to take her seat; instead she became the only woman to hold a cabinet position, as Minister of Labor, in the first Irish Assembly. The countess died, virtually penniless, in 1927.

Day 1, Easter Monday, April 24th ● The rebels turned out in reduced numbers in Dublin and began operations at noon, seizing the General Post Office, Boland’s Mill, the South Dublin Union, Jacob’s factory and other buildings. ● The rebels failed to capture the largely undefended centre of the administration at Dublin Castle but occupied the adjacent City Hall instead. ● Patrick Pearse read the Proclamation of the Irish Republic outside the GPO. ● Transport and distribution services broke down throughout the city. ● Large-scale looting began in the O’Connell Street area. ● During the night, government troops quietly occupied the Shelbourne Hotel, occupying a commanding position overlooking the Citizen Army positions in St Stephen’s Green. Day 2, Tuesday, April 25th ● Government forces arrived in the city by train overnight from Belfast and the Curragh. ● Machine-gun fired from the roof of the Shelbourne Hotel forced the rebels to leave their positions in St Stephens Green and withdraw into the College of Surgeons. ● Government troops retook City Hall and the nearby offices of the Daily Express. ● The deranged Capt Bowen-Colthurst arrested three innocent civilians, including the pacifist Francis Sheehy Skeffington, and had them shot the next morning. ● Lord Wimborne, one of the last Lords Lieutenant of Ireland, declared martial law. Day 3, Wednesday, April 26th ● At 8am, the shelling of an empty Liberty Hall began. ● Rebels held out in the Mendicity Institute, near the Four Courts, surrendered after ammunition finally ran out. ● British troops continued landing at Kingstown (now Dún Laoghaire). The public welcomed soldiers by giving them food as they marched towards city. ● At Mount Street Bridge rebels engaged these troops. In a battle that lasted until evening, there were heavy government casualties. ● Fires began to spread on O'Connell Street. ● General Sir John Grenfell Maxwell was dispatched from London to deal with the Rising.

Day 4, Thursday, April 27th

● The British believed they have retaken control of the city. ● The stench of rotting dead horses on Sackville Street was now overwhelming. ● The main British objective was the taking of the GPO ● The city was in flames. There was fierce fighting in the four courts. ● There were no wages, no separation allowances were being paid, people were starving, there was nothing to buy, the shops were closed ● The Helga gunboat continued shelling. Food was scarce, typhoid was threatened. Day 5, Friday, April 28th

● There were now 20,000 British soldiers in Dublin. General Sir John Maxwell arrived in the city to take charge of the army. ● 8pm. The Metropole Hotel and the GPO were evacuating as the Rebels retreated to Moore Street where they set up new headquarters. ● There was sniping in and around Camden Street, ● Sackville Street was smouldering, buildings were collapsing, there was the smell of clothes burning. ● The 7 main leaders made their way to a cottage on Henry Place off Moore Street ● The North KIng Street Massacre began and 15 civilians were killed by the military. Day 6, Saturday, April 29th

● Rebel leaders were concentrated around Moore St.,Henry Place and Moore Lane ● 12noon Pearse saw publican,Robert Dillon killed by British soldiers and his family shot down and decided on a ceasefire ● 12.45pm Nurse Elizabeth OFarrell left 16 Moore Street and approached the military with a message of surrender from the rebels. ● 3.30pm Pearse left 16 Moore Street and surrendered. ● By 7.30pm ,calm was almost completely restored . Number of people killed Of the 485 people killed in the Easter Rising: 54 percent were civilians, 30 percent were British military and police and 16 percent were Irish rebels. More than 2,600 were wounded. Many of the civilians were killed or wounded by British artillery and machine guns or were mistaken for rebels. Others were caught in the crossfire in the crowded city. The shelling and resulting fires left parts of central Dublin in ruins.

After the rebellion After the Easter Rising conflict, the leaders of the rebellion were given trials in British courts and were sentenced to death. Fourteen were executed by British soldiers at Kilmainham jail in Dublin. The prisoners eyes were covered with blindfolds and they were shot. Among them were the leaders, Patrick Pearse and James Connolly. Another leader, Thomas Kent was later shot in , Ireland. Roger Casement was hanged in London, England. Countess Markievicz was sent to jail . Eamonn de Valera was not sentenced to death because he was an American .

The 1916 Rising had failed to get independence for Ireland. However the rising had made the cause of Independence more popular as many were so outraged by the executions that they also began to call for independence from Britain.

At first the people in Dublin were confused and angry, because many had died and food supplies were cut off. But after the British shot the leaders, some of the Irish people began to follow and support them in sympathy for their cause.

The Easter Rising was a major reason for the creation of the Irish Republic and the Irish War of Independence.

1916 Easter Rising

by Robyn o’ConnoR 1916 Easter Rising

What caused the Easter Rising • The Easter Rising was a major event in Irish history. It was a rebellion in Dublin, at Easter in 1916. It was carried out by members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood and members of the Irish Citizens Army. It was done to protest against British rule in Ireland. It was the first uprising in Ireland since the 1798 rebellion. 1916 Easter Rising When was the Easter Rising The 1916 Easter Rising started on April 24th 1916 and ended on April 29th 1916 which means that it lasted 5 days. • At the time, Ireland was ruled by Britain but many people in Ireland wanted independence. In 1915, some groups of men— including Patrick Pearse and James Connolly—decided to rebel against the British. • They planned uprisings all over the country. However, the leaders disagreed about how the rebellion should be carried out. Also, guns were supposed to reach Ireland by ship from Germany. The British discovered this part of the plan and stopped the weapons from reaching the rebels. After this, some of the leaders issued an order to halt the uprising 1916 Easter Rising timeline Events.

Monday 24th April 1916 • 150 Irish volunteers marched from Liberty Hall to the GPO. Pàdraig Pearse was the commander-in-chief. • At the GPO, Pearse read the proclamation of the Irish Republic. The Irish flag is raised over the GPO. • Other groups of volunteers occupied and took over other buildings around Dublin such as Jacob’s Biscuit Factory, The Four Courts, Boland’s Mill and The College Of Surgens. The GPO becomes the headquarters of the Easter Rising. 1916 Easter Rising

Tuesday 25th April 1916 • Looters begin to empty shops on Sackville Street (O’Connell Street) for their goods. • The British were not successful in their efforts to retake the GPO, leaving many of their army and horses dead. • Inside the GPO, all was well and calm. However, Pearse announced that there was a shortage of ammunition. • The volunteers were preparing for a British invasion, who had begun to surround the city. 1916 Easter Rising

Wednesday 26th April 1916 • At Boland’s Mill, Eamon de Valera and some of the volunteers ambushed a group of British soldiers and succeed. • Gunfire was heard all over the city. • The British had sent their gunboat The Hegla up the Liffey which was firing at Liberty Hall. • More than 200 British soldiers were killed. 1916 Easter Rising

Thursday 27th April 1916 • James Connolly got injured close to Sackville Street. He returned to the GPO to seek help and the fighting continued. Friday 28th April 1916 • The GPO was in flames. Many of the volunteers were dead and others were badly injured. Despair hit across the city as defeat began to set in. • Pearse oederd the evacuation of the GPO 1916 Easter Rising

Surrendered to the British • Within a week, the leaders of the rising realized they would not be able to beat the army. They surrendered and were arrested by the British. • The trials of the leaders of the Easter Rising were held in secret. • Pearse and 14 other leaders were sentenced to death. • More than 500 people had died in the rising, including many ordinary citizens. 1916 Easter Rising

Some Interesting Facts! • Only 2,500 copies of the proclamation were printed. Very few original copies have survived. In recent years, one sold at an auction for €390,000 Fun Facts! • Of the 485 people killed in the Easter Rising: 54 percent were civilians, 30 percent were British military and police and 16 percent were Irish rebels. More than 2,600 were wounded. • Many of the civilians were killed or wounded by British artillery and machine guns or were mistaking for rebels. • Sadly, over 40 children died during the Rising also. 1916 Easter Rising

Did You Know? • After the Easter Rising, one of the rebels, Eamon de Valeria, was sentenced to death. However, he ended up serving only a brief prison term and went on to become one of Ireland’s leading political figures, with a career spanning half a century. The GPO Today

• The General Post Office today stands proudly in the centre of O'Connell Street. • Under the new Irish Government, reconstruction of the GPO began in 1925 and the building reopened in 1929 • It is the headquarters of the Irish Post Office, An Post, and Dublin's principal post office. • It is now one of Ireland's most famous buildings, and was the last of the great Georgian public buildings erected in the capital. The End

•Thank you for Reading The 1916 Easter Rising

 The Easter rising started on the 24 of April 1916 and ended on the 29 of April 1916.  The Easter Rising was A rebellion in Dublin, Ireland at Easter in 1916.  It was done to protest against British rule in Ireland.  It was the first uprising in Ireland since the 1798 rebellion.  Two of the most important leaders of the IRB were Thomas Clarke and Sean Mc Dermott.  They made plans for a rebellion, which they kept secret from the leaders of the Irish Volunteers.  The rebellion or rising would begin on Easter Sunday April 23rd 1916.  On Easter Monday 1916, a small group of men marched from Liberty Hall to the General Post Office (GPO) in Sackville Street (now O' Connell Street).  They were led by the secret military council of the IRB and James Connolly.  A women's organisation called Cumann na mBan also marched with them.  Some wore the grey-green uniform of the Irish Citizens Army.  They were armed with rifles, handguns and shotguns, but had very little ammunition.

By Rachel Hannon The Easter Rising  Some fascinating buildings such as the Dublin Bread Company didn’t survive the Easter Rising. Others are now shopping centres and bustling office blocks.  The leaders of the insurrection had gambled on the British not using artillery in Dublin city centre, but the sight of the Helga on the Liffey with her guns trained on Liberty Hall quickly vanquished those thoughts early on Easter week, 1916.  In quelling the Rising, the British forces left a fiery trail of destruction in Ireland’s capital — as damages ran into the millions as new political powers faced the daunting challenge of rebuilding a nation.  The Easter Rising lasted just seven anarchic days yet it is marked as one of the most tumultuous and significant events in Irish history.  Sixteen men associated with leading this revolution were executed within weeks.  Hundreds were killed and thousands more arrested and interned at jails in England and .  The Rising left iconic buildings in Dublin’s city centre flattened to the ground with British rule in Ireland in a state of irreconcilable civil and political chaos.  From seven signatories of the Proclamation of Independence to the political leaders there is lots of great information.  Those at the forefront of the dramatic events of Easter week almost 100 years ago tell a remarkable story fired by passion but filled with bloodshed.  There are remarkable characters too on the fringes of the insurrection, such as the pacifist Francis Sheehy- Skeffington who was murdered in the Dublin suburbs.

By Rian Hannon 1916 Easter Rising By Trudie Moran Timeline

1913 AD = James Connolly and lead the Dublin Lockout.

1914 AD=Ernest Shackleton leads an exploration to the South Pole.

1916 AD =Easter Rising starts in Dublin.

1918 AD =World War 1 finally ends.

1918 AD =Irish Women are allowed to vote. The Irish Republican Brotherhood

The IRB was a secret organisation of a small number of the 10,000 who would not fight for Britain during World War 1 . The leaders of the IRB was Joseph Plunkett Thomas MacDonagh and Padraig Pearse.There aim was to set up a Irish Republic and they Joseph Plunkett believed armed rebellion was the only way to Thomas MacDonagh achieve it . While Britain Was fighting in World War 1 the IRB agreed it was a good time to start a rebellion.

Padraig Pearse Ireland in 1916 Most of the people of Ireland supported Britain during World War 1.While this awful war was being fought throughout Europe , Ireland seemed peaceful .Home Rule had been promised when the war was over and there was no reason to expect a rebellion 1916 .But there was small groups of people who believed WW1 had nothing to do with the people of Ireland .’’We neither serve neither the King nor Kaiser,But Ireland’’was said by a man called James Connelly….

James Connolly James Connolly was born in Edinburgh in 1868. He emigrated to Dublin in 1896 were he founded the Irish socialist Republican party . He spent time in America but soon returned to Ireland to look for workers rights with a man known as James Larkin . He was one of the founders of an army to protect workers.On the Easter rising James was the Commandant-General for the Dublin Forces . About 150 of the Rebels took over the G.P.O. James Connolly was the Leader of the group. He was wounded in the G.P.O. and was executed in May 1916. The Dublin Lockout

The Dublin Lockout happened on the 26th of August 1913. The lockout happened because the Dublin bosses under William Martin Murphy tried to destroy the ITUGW by locking out all the workers who refused to resign from the Union some 20,000 workers were locked out by around 300 employers . The leaders of the Dublin Lockout were James Connolly and James Larkin. Easter Monday

On Easter Monday 1916 a Small group of men Marched to the G.P.O. They were led to by the secret IRB and James Connolly. An organisation of women marched alongside them. They were called Cumann na mBan.some were armed with Rifles,Shotguns and Handguns but had hardly any ammunition.

Cumann na mBan THE BEGINNING OF THE RISING

When the military council and the Cumann na mBan arrived at the G.P.O. ,The rebels barged in and barricaded the doors . There was two British people in the G.P.O. buying stamps they became the first prisoners of war.The rebels took down the British flag and and put up a green white and orange tricolour and a green flag with the words ‘Irish Republic’. Padraig Pearse stood on a pavement outside the G.P.O. and read the Irish proclamation. the Easter rising had officially begun. The week

Tuesday April 25th. Even though Wednesday April 26th. A British there was only 2000 rebels in the Fisheries Patrol boat,the Helga, it Easter rising they took everybody by sailed up the river Liffey and surprise. On the morning of Tuesday attacked Liberty and Boland’s Mills they took their positions armed with The British marched into kingstown machine guns and a lot of artillery.In but were matched with a fierce the College of surgeons there was attack from the Irish . around 100 rebels under the leadership of countess Marchavicz . 5 of the irish were killed. The week

Thursday April 27th. At 10:00 am,the Friday April 28th.General Maxwell British started to bomb sackville arrived from England to command street.At the end of the day some of the British forces.The roof of the the street was engulfed in flames. G.P.O. caught fire at 4:00 pm five James Connolly was seriously hours later the building was a wounded.A man called Dr Jim Ryan burning ruin the rebels evacuated treated Connolly he said Connolly the G.P.O. and went to moore street. was an extremely patient man who never complained even if he was in a lot of pain. SURRENDER

On Saturday the 29th the rebels decided to surrender. More than 300 Irish people had been killed most of them were innocent civilians. Elizabeth O’Farrell a nurse made her way through Moore Street carrying a surrender flag. Elizabeth O’Farrell The Aftermath

General Maxwell said that the rebels were sided with Germany during the war and there for Ireland had commited . On the 3rd of May, 1916 ,Padraig Pearse , Thomas Mcdonagh and Thomas Clarke and James Connolly were all executed Eamon de Valera and Countess Markievicz,were spared because Eamon was American and Countess Markievicz was a woman. Sinn Fein

After the rising, about 1800 IRB members were brought to prison camps in Britain. Sinn Fein were blamed for the rising.

However ,Sinn Fein, founded by in 1905 ,Had nothing to do with the rising.

The prisoners were released at Christmas 1916. When the prisoners came home they started to support Sinn Fein. In 1917 Eamon de Valera became the leader of Sinn Fein. The failure of the Easter Rising did not mean the end of the IRB.Ireland was now set for a revolution…... The End Thanks for Watching 