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Brief Description & Validation Report Japan Brief Description & Validation Report March 9, 2020 (ver. 2.1) Today’s Earth Developing Group Copyright 2018, All rights reserved. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. What is “Today’s Earth - Japan”? .................................................................................... 1 2. Target of TE-Japan ............................................................................................................ 2 3. Outline of TE-Japan system ............................................................................................. 2 4. Variable list of TE-Japan ................................................................................................... 5 5. Validation results ............................................................................................................... 7 i. Snow Amount .................................................................................................................... 7 ii. Soil Moisture...................................................................................................................... 9 iii. River Discharge ............................................................................................................... 12 6. Summary of the validation .............................................................................................. 14 7. Terms of use .................................................................................................................... 16 i. Site Policy ....................................................................................................................... 16 ii. User Registration ............................................................................................................. 16 iii. Deletion of User Registration ........................................................................................... 16 iv. Protection of Personal Information & Handling of Personal Information ........................... 16 v. Management of account and password ........................................................................... 16 vi. Ownership of Data etc. .................................................................................................... 16 vii. Change of the Service ..................................................................................................... 17 viii. Termination of the Service ............................................................................................... 17 ix. How to cite ...................................................................................................................... 17 x. Disclaimer ....................................................................................................................... 17 xi. Contact Information ......................................................................................................... 17 8. Member list of TE developing group .............................................................................. 18 9. References ....................................................................................................................... 19 1. What is “Today’s Earth - Japan”? “Today’s Earth” (hereafter called “TE”) is JAXA's simulation system of land surface, river discharge and flood area fraction etc. Various products relating to the conditions of land surface and river are obtained as the results of numerical land surface model and river model. “Today’s Earth - Japan” (hereafter called “TE-Japan”) is the regional version of TE, which enables us to see the detailed land surface state of Japan (see Figure 1 for the comparison with TE-Global). Since the target of the TE-Japan is to produce and evaluate long-term high resolution land water cycle data set to calculate risk indices of water hazards, we use MSM- GPV (JMA’s Meso-Scale Model-Grid Point Value) atmospheric analysis data as forcing data of baseline experiment. Furthermore, we are going to utilize satellite data sets developed by JAXA/EORC to replace some input parameters of MSM ver. Rainfall from the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) and solar radiation from Himawari satellite provided by the JAXA Himawari Monitor system are going to be used for satellite version in near future. The TE developer group consists of the researchers in Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Earth Observation Research Center (EORC), The University of Tokyo (UT), and Remote Sensing Technology Center of Japan (RESTEC). Detailed member list is attached at the end of this document. Figure 1. Comparison between simulated images of river discharge by TE-Global (0.25-deg lat/lon) and TE-Japan (1/60-deg lat/lon) 1 2. Target of TE-Japan TE-Japan system aims to produce and evaluate global long-term land water cycle dataset that is helpful for calculating risk indices of water hazards, particularly floods. This activity is designed to broadly contribute the society as a part of the climate services. 3. Outline of TE-Japan system The TE system consists of land surface model MATSIRO[1] (Minimal Advanced Treatments of Surface Interaction and Runoff) version5[2] and river routing model CaMa-Flood[3] (Catchment-based Macro-scale Floodplain). By giving forcing of surface meteorological parameters, MATSIRO simulates the water and energy interactions between a land surface with a vegetation canopy and atmosphere. The surface runoff and baseflow were calculated independently using Horton flow and the advanced application in TOPMODEL[4], respectively. Based on the calculated runoff amount, CaMa-Flood enables hydrodynamic simulation with floodplain. The model solves the local inertial equation[5], considering a rectangular river channel and trapezium flood plain storage, and represents flood plain dynamics assuming that the elevation profile of the floodplain monotonically increases in each pixel. Severity index of each variables in the form of return period or Mahalanobis distance are also visualized. Table 1 and 2 describe the basic information of TE-Japan. Figure 2 shows the schematic procedure of TE-Japan system. Table 1. TE-Japan components 1/60° Land Surface Model Horizontal south west lat. = 24° [1][2] resolution south west lon. = 123° MATSIRO [Nx, Ny]=[1500, 1320] (Minimal Advanced Treatments of Surface Interaction and Runoff) Temporal output every 1 hours starting from resolution UTC+0 each day. 1/60° River Routing Model Horizontal south west lat. = 24° resolution south west lon. = 123° [3] CaMa-Flood [Nx, Ny]=[1500, 1320] (Catchment-based Macro-scale Floodplain) Temporal output every 1 hours starting from resolution UTC+0 each day. 2 Table 2. Version information of TE-Japan Name MSM-GPV ver. Period 2007-present Forcing rainfall M Data*1 snowfall M eastward wind M northward wind M surface air temperature M specific humidity M surface shortwave radiation M (downward) surface longwave radiation M (downward) surface air pressure M Data distribution Latency*2 Realtime 1. M: MSM-GPV[6] 2. MSM-GPV forecast data is used to cover the data latency. To distinguish the data using forecast, users are requested to check “Initial_date” described in global_attributes of netCDF data(If the difference between “initial_date” and the date of the file name is within 3 hours, the data is analysis value.). The item of initial_date is included in the data after March 1, 2020. Anything before that will be the analysis value. 3 Figure 2. Schematic figure of TE-Japan system. 4 4. Variable list of TE-Japan All variables distributed from TE-Japan are summarized in Table 3. The column of Fig describes whether figures are available or not through the monitor page. Table 3. Hydrological variables distributed in the TE-Japan Unit Model/Category Variable Name Item Name Fig (netCDF) rainfall GPRCT kg/m2/s ○ snowfall GSNWL kg/m2/s ○ wind speed GDU m/s - surface air temperature GDT K ○ Forcing specific humidity GDQ kg/kg 〇 surface shortwave radiation (downward) SSRD W/m2 ○ surface longwave radiation (downward) SLRD W/m2 - surface air pressure GDPS hPa - soil moisture (at each level) [Z1-Z6]*1 GLW m/m ○ Water soil moisture (total volume) GLWtot kg/m2 ○ balance (State) canopy water GLWC m - snow amount GLSNW kg/m2 ○ snow melt SNMLT kg/m2/s - snow freeze SNFRZ kg/m2/s - snow sublimation SNSUB kg/m2/s - ice melt ICEMLT kg/m2/s - ice sublimation ICESUB kg/m2/s - snow & ice sublimation SSUB kg/m2/s - 2 Water transpiration ETFLX kg/m /s ○ balance canopy evaporation EIFLX kg/m2/s ○ (Flux) canopy sublimation EISUB kg/m2/s - soil evaporation EBFLX kg/m2/s ○ soil sublimation EBSUB kg/m2/s - MATSIRO total runoff (total) [W1-W2]*4 RUNOFF kg/m2/s ○ base runoff RUNOFFB kg/m2/s ○ surface runoff SRUNOF kg/m2/s ○ runoff (lake & land) [W1-W2]*4 RUNOFFA kg/m2/s - soil temperature [Z1-Z6]*1 GLG K ○ Heat snow temperature [L1-L3]*2 GLTSN K ○ balance *3 ○ (State) land skin temperature [C1-C2] GLTS K canopy temperature [C1-C2]*3 GLTC K ○ soil heat flux GFLUXS W/m2 ○ snow surface heat flux SNFLXS W/m2 ○ ground heat flux in total GFLXTL W/m2 - Heat surface shortwave radiation (upward) SSRU W/m2 - balance surface longwave radiation (upward) SLRU W/m2 - (Flux) sensible heat flux SENS W/m2 ○ latent heat flux LTNT W/m2 ○ latent heat flux (evaporation) EVAP W/m2 - 5 river flow [W1-W2]*4 RFLOW m3/s - River river water [W1-W2]*4 GDRIV kg/m2 - river storage [W1-W2]*4 GDRIVL kg/m2 - snow covered fraction SNRAT - ○ albedo ALB - - snow albedo [A1-A3]*5 GLASN - - soil potential [Z1-Z6]*1 GPSI Pa - dust density in snow [L1-L3]*2 CDSTM ppmw - water flux atmosphere to land WA2L m/s - water
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