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Study of Biodiversity of Sariska Tiger Reserve in Aravallis with Particular Emphasis on Medicinal and Endemic Plants

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Study of Biodiversity of Sariska Tiger Reserve in Aravallis with Particular Emphasis on Medicinal and Endemic Plants International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438 Study of Biodiversity of Sariska Tiger Reserve in Aravallis with Particular Emphasis on Medicinal and Endemic Plants Anil Kumar Dular Department of Environmental Science, Maharaja Ganga Singh University, N.H 15, Jaisalmer Road, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334004.India Abstract: The Sariska tiger reserve in Aravallis has its own importance and specific characteristics endowed with unique biodiversity. In the present study an attempt has been made to ascertain the current status of the flora in all the possible study area. Attention is focused on one of the important reserve forest of state of Rajasthan with pace of their endemism, medicinal important plants species and along with facing number of challenges in this reserve. In present study emphasize on taxonomic richness; genetic difference within each taxon; the communities, ecosystem and landscape occupied by this reserve. The status of medicinal plants with their uses is also incorporate with overall study of floral diversity in the study area. Several studies so far conducted in Aravallis like which supported checklist of plant diversity in this natural reserve. Anon, 2000, Champion and Seth1968, Dennis, Billore, and Mishra, 1997,Jain and Kotwal1960,Jain1970, Khan1995,Katewa1996,Mathur and Saxena1968,Mathur1991,Nair and Nathawat1957, Parmar1985, Pandravada,. Sarath, Rao, Maheswara and Satyanarayana, 2000,Rodgers. and Panwar1988,Rodgers 1990a. Rodgers, 1990b, Rodgers 1991, Rodgers, 1991. Sharma,1958, Sharma, 1978 Sharma1983. Keywords: Floral diversity, Sariska tiger reserve, Aravallis, endemism 1. Introduction Lannea coromandelica (Garjan) grows on steep rocky areas. Acacia catechu (Khair), Zizyphus mauritiana (Bordi) and Rajasthan, the largest state in our country, has marked Butea monosperma (Dhak) are found in valleys. difference in physiographic feature. The Aravallis, one of the Dendrocalamus strictus is extremely limited in distribution oldest mountain system, divide the state in two unequal parts. and is found along the well drained reaches of the streams and Over 30 percent of the state is covered by Aravallis and a vast moist and colder part of the hills. expanse of arid and semi arid tract lies in the west of Aravallis. According to the Champion and Seth (1968) the forest of Aravalli region fall under the broad category of Tropical Dry forests. Study area the “Sariska Tiger reserve” (74°14´ to 76° 34´ N and 25° 5´ to 27° 3´ E) is situated in the Aravalli hill range and lies in the semi-arid part of Rajasthan (Rodgers and Panwar, 1988). It became a wild life sanctuary in 1955 and Tiger reserve in 1982. According to Department of Forest, Government of Rajasthan the total area of the Sariska Tiger Reserve is 866 sq.km, of which 302.2 sq. km. is buffer zone and 497.8 sq.km is core zone. Sariska core zone is comprised of three isolated; pockets: Core-I (273.8 sq.km), II (126.5 sq.km.) and III (97.5 sq.km). The status of the Core I has been notified as a National park in 1982. Sariska is undulating to hilly and has numerous narrow valleys. Kiraska and Kankwari plateau and two large lakes Mansarovar and Somsagar. Silisad lake is situated just along the north eastern boundary of the reserve. The altitude of Sariska varies from 540 to 777 meters. Earlier Sariska was the private hunting grounds of Alwar’s royal family, today only 20 percent of this 2. Material and Methods vast expanse of jungle is “Tiger Habitat”. The vegetation of Sariska correspond to Northern tropical dry deciduous forests In the present study emphasis was laid on the study of floral (sub group 5 B; 5/E I and 5/E2) and Northern tropical thorn diversity in Sariska Tiger Reserve, during January, 2001 to forest (Sub Group 6 B) (Champion and Seth,1968). The forest March, 2004. This study revealed that biodiversity of the being scattered and sparse over a large area on various study area was affected due to anthropogenic activities. It geological and soil formation and vary greatly in composition. provides an assessment of the key human factors and their Anogeissus pendula (Dhok) is dominant species in the relative roles in driving the destruction of biodiversity, which undulating area and on the hills. Boswellia serrata (Salar) and are likely to operate, not only in core zone but immediately Volume 4 Issue 2, February 2015 www.ijsr.net Paper ID: SUB151212 Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 420 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438 surrounding buffer zone. Personal observations were taken in Dendrocalamus strictus is extremely limited and are found the field by visiting the study area and its different landforms. along well drained reaches of the streams and moist and It was a great help that the field staff of Sariska Tiger cooler parts of the hills. The trees are generally slow growing Reserve, Department of Forest, Government of Rajasthan was an attain poor height. Albizia lebbeck, Diospyros associated always in the field. Plant samples (leaf, flower etc.) melanoxylon, Syzygium cumini, Tamarindus indica and Ficus were brought to Indira Gandhi Centre for Human Ecology, spp. which are found in moist localities attain large size both Environmental and Population Studies, herbarium sheets for in crown grows gregariously, where valleys fan out. and important species were prepared and help and cooperation becoming flat and wide. On the basis of their composition. was sought from the “Herbarium” of Department of Botany, The forests of Sariska Tiger Reserve can be classified as University of Rajasthan, Jaipur for finding out the current follows (i):Anogeissus pendula forest (ii)Boswellia serrata status of vegetation in the study area. The properties of forest (iii) Acacia catechu forest and(iv)Miscellaneous type of medicinal important plants are assessed by interview of local forests which can further be divided into three categories dweller, ayurvedic doctors, local medicomen and elder man namely (a)Butea monosperma forest( b)Forests along and women of inside and outside the reserve. The exudates of nallahs(c)Scrub forest. different parts of plants species shall be carried out by the help of pharmaceutical professional and through laboratory 3. Result and Discussion investigation. The ethanobotanical aspects of the plants species of the reserve area can elaborate by the medicinal and A total number of 403 indigenous and naturalised plant folk dietry practices of local indigenous people. species belonging to 271 genera under 86 families can be observed in Sariska Tiger Reserve. This also includes four Landwise floral (endemic) composition of Sariska Tiger species of Petriodophytes belonging to three genera and three reserve in Aravallis :Sariska Tiger reserve nestled amidst the families, and a species of Gymnosperm. Table(a) includes the Aravillis which used to be hunting place (Sikargrah) of number of families, genera and species, under Dictoyledons and princely state Alwar in the past, is now a days a tiger reserve Monocotyledons, Pteridophytes and Gymnosperm. Except for of international reputation. Sariska is very rich in biodiversity Poaceae (56 species) and Cyperaceae (17 species) the with wide spectrum of flora and ample of wild life. According Monocotyledons are poorly represented. The remaining 16 to the latest " Revised forest types of India " by Sir H.G. species of Monocotyledons belong to 10 different families. Champion and Shri S.K. Seth, the forests, met within the division fall under group 5 "Tropical dry deciduous forest" Table a: Shows current status of vegetation in Sariska Tiger and group 6 “Tropical thorn forests” under the broad category Reserve 'Dry tropical forests'. The main endemic and economically families Genera Species valuable species are dhok (Anogeissus pendula) salar Angiosperm (Boswellia serrata), khair (Acacia catechu), bamboos Monocotyledons 13 59 90 (Dendrocalamus strictus), dhak (Butea monosperma), kair Dicotyledons 69 208 308 (Capparis decidua), ber (Zizyphus mauritiana) with having lot Total 82 267 398 of ground flora comprised of shrubs, herbs, grasses and Pteridophytes 3 3 4 sedges etc. The forest being scattered over a large area and Gymnosperm 1 1 1 occurring on various geological and soil formation vary Total 86 271 403 greatly in composition and quality. Approximately 35 percent of the forest area is either occupied by bare rocks or covered Aravallis is known for very valuable plant and animal species. specially with degraded and poor type of scrub growth. The The local people and Ayurvedic doctors have been using plant growth of the principal trees is generally slow and the height products (leaf, seeds, bark, fruit etc.) in a crude manner. It poor. On average the height varies from 4.5 meters to 7.5 reveals that these plant species are of medicinal values of meters, in favorable localities like core area the height which full potential is yet to be explored and utilized. There is reaching unto 12 meters. The diameter increment, too is slow ample scope of researches in the field of Phytochemistry, and most of the principal species over 30 cm wide in width. Biochemistry. Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology. Analysis The dominating species with occurrence in particular height of interview schedule revealed that there are Fifty four plant are divided into upper canopy, middle canopy and ground species occuring in the study area, which can be considered as flora as grasses and sedges mainly. The forests being scattered medicinal plant species. These medicinal plants species with and sparse over a large area on various geological and soil their use of different parts are the subject matter of endemism formations, vary greatly in composition. In the valleys where of the particular area and time to concentrate to conserve their better soil and moisture conditions exist, the vegetation is status so far.
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