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Report of the Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission
REPORT OF THE TRUTH, JUSTICE AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION The Government should immediately carry out counselling services, especially to those who lost their entire families to avoid mental breakdown. It is not too late to counsel the victims because they have not undergone any counselling at all. The community also seeks an apology from the Government, the reason being that the Government was supposed to protect its citizens yet it allowed its security forces to violently attack them and, therefore, perpetrated gross violation of their rights. Anybody who has been My recommendation to this Government is that it should involved in the killing address the question of equality in this country. We do of Kenyans, no matter not want to feel as if we do not belong to this country. We what position he holds, demand to be treated the same just like any other Kenyan in should not be given any any part of this country. We demand for equal treatment. responsibility. Volume IV KENYA REPORT OF THE TRUTH, JUSTICE AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION Volume IV © Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission, 2013 This publication is available as a pdf on the website of the Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission (and upon its dissolution, on the website of its successor in law). It may be copied and distributed, in its entirety, as long as it is attributed to the Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission and used for noncommercial educational or public policy purposes. Photographs may not be used separately from the publication. Published by Truth Justice and Reconciliation Commission (TJRC), Kenya ISBN: 978-9966-1730-3-4 Design & Layout by Noel Creative Media Limited, Nairobi, Kenya His Excellency President of the Republic of Kenya Nairobi 3 May 2013 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL By Gazette Notice No. -
Making the Loyalist Bargain: Surrender, Amnesty and Impunity in Kenya's Decolonization, 1952–63
Original citation: Anderson, David M.. (2017) Making the Loyalist bargain : surrender, amnesty and impunity in Kenya's decolonization, 1952–63. The International History Review, 39 (1). pp. 48-70. Permanent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/86182 Copyright and reuse: The Warwick Research Archive Portal (WRAP) makes this work of researchers of the University of Warwick available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0) and may be reused according to the conditions of the license. For more details see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ A note on versions: The version presented in WRAP is the published version, or, version of record, and may be cited as it appears here. For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: [email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications The International History Review ISSN: 0707-5332 (Print) 1949-6540 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rinh20 Making the Loyalist Bargain: Surrender, Amnesty and Impunity in Kenya's Decolonization, 1952–63 David M. Anderson To cite this article: David M. Anderson (2017) Making the Loyalist Bargain: Surrender, Amnesty and Impunity in Kenya's Decolonization, 1952–63, The International History Review, 39:1, 48-70, DOI: 10.1080/07075332.2016.1230769 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2016.1230769 © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Published online: 19 Sep 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 452 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rinh20 Download by: [137.205.202.97] Date: 27 February 2017, At: 03:26 THE INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW, 2017 VOL. -
Rethinking Mau Mau in Colonial Kenya This Page Intentionally Left Blank Pal-Alam-00Fm.Qxd 6/14/07 6:00 PM Page Iii
pal-alam-00fm.qxd 6/14/07 6:00 PM Page i Rethinking Mau Mau in Colonial Kenya This page intentionally left blank pal-alam-00fm.qxd 6/14/07 6:00 PM Page iii Rethinking Mau Mau in Colonial Kenya S. M. Shamsul Alam, PhD pal-alam-00fm.qxd 6/14/07 6:00 PM Page iv Rethinking Mau Mau in Colonial Kenya Copyright © S. M. Shamsul Alam, PhD, 2007. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quo- tations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS. Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN-13: 978-1-4039-8374-9 ISBN-10: 1-4039-8374-7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Alam, S. M. Shamsul, 1956– Rethinking Mau Mau in colonial Kenya / S. M. Shamsul Alam. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-4039-8374-7 (alk. paper) 1. Kenya—History—Mau Mau Emergency, 1952–1960. 2. Mau Mau History. I. Title. DT433.577A43 2007 967.62’03—dc22 2006103210 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. -
The Mau-Mau Uprising and the Emergence of Kenya: an Interview with Field Marshal Muthoni Kirima
Polycom Special Event: The Mau-Mau Uprising and the Emergence of Kenya: An Interview with Field Marshal Muthoni Kirima LESSON PLAN OVERVIEW RELATED SUBJECTS: THEME: Civics, History, Social Studies Conflict and Human Rights, Global Development, Global Politics, Colonization ESTIMATED TIME: GRADE LEVEL: 1-3 class sessions; depending on desired High school, grades 9-12 learning objectives GUIDING QUESTION(S): 1. Why did European nations colonize Africa, and what was the effect on African Civilizations? 2. What events occurred that make up the Mau-Mau uprising? Why was it resented by Europeans? 3. Describe the course of the Mau-Mau uprising. Explain why the uprising was later repressed by the Europeans. 4. What were the measures taken by government to suppress the uprising? Outline the effects of the uprising. LESSON OVERVIEW: Mau-Mau was an underground political uprising organized by the people of Kenya against British colonial rule from 1951-60. The Mau-Mau rebellion embodied the African efforts to fight for their rights after realizing that they were oppressed in their own country. It was also an indication that Africans were politically aware and determined to shape their destiny. Muthoni Kirima, a member of the Kikyu tribe grew up in the central highlands of Kenya in the 1940’s. As a young girl she worked with her parents as a sharecropper on a British settler’s citrus plantation. The working conditions on the plantation resembled slave labor and at the age of sixteen she escaped into the forest to join the resistance movement known as Mau- Mau. The Mau-Mau movement was fighting for their native lands after the British had taken vast tracts for agriculture under the guise of colonization. -
MAU MAU in NATIONAL and INTERNATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS by Macharia Munene Introductory Remarks It Is Possible to Look at Mau Mau Co
MAU MAU IN NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS By Macharia Munene Introductory Remarks It is possible to look at Mau Mau consciousness in terms of two overlapping phases of the Colonial and Post-colonial periods, represented by seminal publications which show the power of books to shape thinking and public consciousness. In the colonial period were Jomo Kenyatta’s 1938 Facing Mount Kenya, the Corfield Report in 1960. In the Post-Colonial period were John Nottingham’s The Myth of Mau Mau soon after independence, and Caroline Elkins’ 2005 Imperial Reckoning/Britain’s Gulag. Each represents a phase of consciousness with regard to the Mau Mau War and can be divided into the following segments: a. The Colonial Setting b. The shock of the Mau Mau War outbreak c. The attempted destruction of Mau Mau Consciousness d. Post-colonial ignoring or effort to rearrange Mau Mau Consciousness e. Limited revival of Consciousness The Attraction The attraction to Mau Mau consciousness is partly because there probably was no challenge to the European colonial state in Africa that captured as much global attention as the Mau Mau War in Kenya against the British and the Algerian War against the French.1 The Mau Mau War was bitter and the benefits did not always accrue to those who bore the brunt of the war.2 A few fighters benefited, but the rest appear to have been neglected. In contrast, those who had opposed the war or supported British colonialists seemingly benefited most, continue to benefit, and a feeling of betrayal cropped up that is often the subject of many debates. -
Colonialism and the Agikuyu Women's Indigenous
COLONIALISM AND THE AGIKUYU WOMEN’S INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS ON FOOD CROP PRODUCTION IN KIAMBU, KENYA, 1902-1963. MARTHA WANJIRU MURAYA A Research Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Award of Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History of Chuka University. CHUKA UNIVERSTY SEPTEMBER, 2019 DECLARATION AND RECOMMENDATION ii COPYRIGHT © 2019 No size of this research may be replicated or transferred in any manner lacking written authorization from the researcher or Chuka University. All rights are reserved. iii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my dear parents Mr. Francis Muraya and Mrs Felister Wairimu Muraya. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Foremost, my sincere gratitude goes to the Almighty God for giving me the opportunity and the ability to accomplish this noble academic task and for providing me with everything I needed. It has taken His mighty hand for me to complete this study. Special thanks also go to Chuka University for giving me University innovation and commercialization research grant to facilitate the data collection, and for giving me the study leave without which this work would have been impossible. I am greatly indebted to my supervisors Dr. Lazarus K. Ngari and Dr. Geofrey K. Gathungu for their tireless effort to read and guide my work. They have been a great source of inspiration and encouragement in all stages leading to the completion of this thesis. I honor their continuous dedication, intelligence, humility and handwork. Thank you for nurturing me to the World of scholarship, God bless you abundantly. Profound appreciation is extended to the Dean, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Prof. -
JOMO KENYATTA and KENYAN INDEPENDENCE: the TWISTS and TURNS of MEMORY Hélène Charton
JOMO KENYATTA AND KENYAN INDEPENDENCE: THE TWISTS AND TURNS OF MEMORY Hélène Charton To cite this version: Hélène Charton. JOMO KENYATTA AND KENYAN INDEPENDENCE: THE TWISTS AND TURNS OF MEMORY. Vingtième siècle, Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, 2013, 118 (2), pp.45-59. 10.3917/ving.118.0045. halshs-02431946 HAL Id: halshs-02431946 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02431946 Submitted on 8 Jan 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Document downloaded from www.cairn-int.info - Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris 193.54.67.93 14/03/2017 16h42. © Presses Sciences Po JOMO KENYATTA AND KENYAN INDEPENDENCE: THE TWISTS AND TURNS OF MEMORY Hélène Charton Presses de Sciences Po | « Vingtième Siècle. Revue d’histoire » 2013/2 No 118 | pages 45 - 59 ISSN 0294-1759 ISBN 9782724633344 This document is a translation of: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hélène Charton, « Jomo Kenyatta et les méandres de la mémoire de l'indépendance du Kenya », -
Mau Mau's Army of Clerks: Colonial Military Service and the Kenya Land Freedom Army in Kenya's National Imagination
Journal of African History, . (), pp. –. © Cambridge University Press doi:./S MAU MAU’S ARMY OF CLERKS: COLONIAL MILITARY SERVICE AND THE KENYA LAND FREEDOM ARMY IN KENYA’SNATIONALIMAGINATION* Timothy H. Parsons Washington University, St Louis, Missouri Abstract Scholarly and popular histories of Kenya largely agree that African Second World War vet- erans played a central role in the Kenya Land Freedom Army. Former African members of the colonial security forces have reinforced these assumptions by claiming to have been covert Mau Mau supporters, either after their discharge, or as serving soldiers. In reality, few Mau Mau generals had actual combat experience. Those who served in the colonial military usually did so in labor units or support arms. It therefore warrants asking why so many Kenyans accept that combat veterans played such a central role in the KLFA and in Kenyan history. Understanding how veterans of the colonial army have become national heroes, both for their wartime service and their supposed leadership of Mau Mau, reveals the capacity of popular history to create more useful and inclusive forms of African nationalism. Key Words Kenya, East Africa, historiography, independence wars, military, nationalism. Dedan can change himself into anything – a white man, a bird, or a tree. He can turn himself into an aeroplane. He learnt all this in the Big War. In boasting that Dedan Kimathi escaped capture by masquerading as a European police- man in the novel Weep Not, Child, Ngugi wa Thiong’o gave voice to the commonly held Kenyan assumption that the famed Mau Mau general acquired his military expertise and guile in the British military during the Second World War. -
Conference on African Liberation Movement Focusing on the Mau Mau Struggle in Kenya
1 Opening Speech: Conference on African Liberation movement focusing on the Mau Mau Struggle in Kenya Professor Shellemiah O Keya1 Chancellor The Dedan Kimathi University of Technology Held at Dedan Kimathi University of Technology, Main Campus, Nyeri, Kenya, February 19th, 2014 All protocols observed…. Mrs … Kimathi, the widow of Dedan Kimathi, ladies and gentlemen, I wish to thank Dedan Kimathi University of Technology administration led by the Vice Chancellor Prof Ndiragu Kioni for the invitation and worm words. I congratulate the University for its Systematic Pursuit in organizing these series of conferences over the last … years hence I am privileged to be here today. I follow in the footsteps of Prof Ali Mazrui, former Chancellor of JKUAT the academic icon on these matters of freedom fighters, who in 2009, discussed the Mau Mau struggle in the context of history of the black people and struggle for freedom in Africa, I notice that other freedom fighters and Kenyan heroes such as Muthoni Likimani had already spoken here at this University. Muthoni Likimani talked about her role in the liberation struggle as an African nationalist. I salute Mukami the wife of the late Dedan Kimathi for graciously staying by his side and sharing the knowledge and keeping the struggle for his memory alive. I 1Chancellor Dedan Kimathi University of Technoly, Nyeri, Kenya, Former Vice Chancellor Moi University, Former Executive Secretary to the Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) CGIAR, Former Deputy Director, Research, Africa Rice Centre (WARDA). will build on the legacy of the previous two speakers. I will not profess to be an expert in history, archaeology, art, music, politics, anthropology, language, of struggle and other human rights, since speakers to follow are well versed in these areas. -
Transformation in the Administration Police Service In
TRANSFORMATION IN THE ADMINISTRATION POLICE SERVICE IN KENYA, 1958 - 2010 GLADYS KIRIGO WAMBUGU C50/21421/2012 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS (HISTORY), IN THE SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES OF KENYATTA UNIVERSITY MAY, 2019 ii DECLARATION This thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other University or for any other award. Signature……………………………. Date…………………… Gladys K Wambugu C50/21421/2012 SUPERVISORS We confirm that the work reported in this thesis was carried out by the candidate under our supervision. Sign…………………………………… Date……………….. Dr. Felix Kiruthu Department of History, Archaeology and Political Studies Sign…………………………………….Date……….……… Dr. Susan Mwangi Department of History, Archaeology and Political Studies iii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my family, Njuguna, Abigael, Wendy and Angela for their love and encouragement. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis would not have been possible without the support of various people and institutions. My profound gratitude goes to my two very able supervisors, Dr. Felix Kiruthu and Dr. Susan Mwangi. Your guidance, corrections and positive criticism cannot go unmentioned. Thank you for being resourceful, patient and paying attention to details. Special thanks go to my informants, who set aside time to be interviewed and provided a wide range of information that saw this work to completion I am grateful to my employer, the Teachers Service Commission, for granting me study leave to undertake the study. I thank Kenyatta University for giving me a chance to further my academic goal. My heartfelt gratitude to the lecturers in the Department of History, Archeology, and Political studies, who helped me fulfil my intellectual quest for knowledge. -
Colonial Wars and Perceptions of Race and Empire in American Newspapers
Africa in Cleveland: Colonial Wars and Perceptions of Race and Empire in American Newspapers Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Amy Lynn Selby, M.A. Graduate Program in African American and African Studies The Ohio State University 2012 Thesis Committee: Franco Barchiesi, Advisor Lupenga Mphande Sarah Van Beurden Copyright Amy Lynn Selby 2012 Abstract This thesis examines the change in American public opinion regarding two colonial wars, the Second Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902 in South Africa and the Mau Mau uprising of 1952-1960 in Kenya. The representations of the Anglo-Boer War differed greatly from those of the Mau Mau uprising, despite similarities such as the colonial power involved, occurrence within African colonies, and even the methods used by both the colonial power and the colonized people. While mainstream newspapers strongly sided with the Boers, the Mau Mau were presented as savages. However, the African-American newspapers did not follow the mainstream interpretations of events. By using comparative historical analysis of three newspapers in the Cleveland, Ohio area, the Cleveland Plain Dealer, the Cleveland Gazette, and the Cleveland Call & Post, I demonstrate that the perceptions of Clevelanders toward the Anglo-Boer War of 1899- 1901 and the Mau Mau uprising of 1952-1960 resulted from contemporary anxieties regarding the fear of foreigners and communism, and, above all, race. While white Americans overwhelmingly supported the Boers during the colonial war in South Africa at the turn of the century, they supported violent methods to suppress a colonial war in Kenya fifty years later. -
The Homemade Guns of the Mau Mau Uprising
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020- 2020 Mau Mau Blasters: The Homemade Guns of the Mau Mau Uprising James Stoddard University of Central Florida Part of the African History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd2020 University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020- by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Stoddard, James, "Mau Mau Blasters: The Homemade Guns of the Mau Mau Uprising" (2020). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-. 138. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd2020/138 MAU MAU BLASTERS: THE HOMEMADE GUNS OF THE MAU MAU UPRISING by JAMES EDWARD STODDARD B. A. University of Central Florida, 2016 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History in the College of Arts and Humanities at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2020 Major Professor: Ezekiel Walker ABSTRACT The Mau Mau Uprising was a violent anticolonial struggle that took place in Kenya between 1952 and 1960. During the Uprising, firearms were extremely difficult for Mau Mau fighters to obtain. The few precision weapons they could acquire came from raided government armories or those found on the battlefield. In order to make up the difference, the Mau Mau leadership turned to resources that were more readily available and relied on the ingenuity of their supporters.