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Road Map Guinée REDD+

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Road Map Guinée REDD+ REPUBLIC OF GUINEA Work – Justice – Solidarity MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, WATER AND FORESTRY ROADMAP FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION, FOREST DEGRADATION AND LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY (REDD+) IN GUINEA November 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Background ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Lower Guinea . ........................................................................................................................... 3 2. Middle Guinea . .......................................................................................................................... 3 3. Upper Guinea ............................................................................................................................. 3 4. Forest Guinea ............................................................................................................................... 3 R-PP and its preparation process ..................................................................................................... 4 The importance of Guinean forests .................................................................................................. 5 Causes of deforestation and forest degradation ..................................................................... 7 Underlying or indirect causes ............................................................................................................. 9 1. Poverty levels ............................................................................................................................... 9 2. Demographic causes............................................................................................................ 10 3. Cultural causes ........................................................................................................................ 10 4. Technological causes .......................................................................................................... 10 5. Political and institutional or governance related causes ........................... 11 6. Economic causes .................................................................................................................... 11 Analysis of causes and some measures to curb or reverse deforestation .......... 11 Strategic Options for REDD+ in Guinea ..................................................................................... 15 1. Continuous improvement of REL and MRV ............................................................ 15 2. The Global Framework for REDD + .............................................................................. 16 Steps to take to be ready for REDD+ ............................................................................................ 16 USAID / WA BiCC’s Contribution .................................................................................................... 18 1. Conservation of the Ziama forest .................................................................................. 18 2. National group of experts for the conservation of endangered species in Guinea ................................................................................................................................................... 18 3. Mobilization for the restoration of degraded forest landscapes / ............. 19 (challenge)................................................................................................................................................ 19 4. Support for national /sub-regional adaptation plans ..................................... 19 Management and cost of the preparation process .............................................................. 20 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: The four natural regions of Guinea 2 Figure 2: Guinea as the water reservoir of West Africa and a hub with a high concentration of chimpanzees in the sub region. 6 Figure 3 : Changes between 1975 and 2013 in Guinea 8 Figure 4 : Causes of loss of biodiversity in Guinea 12 LIST OF ACRONYMS AFD French Development Agency SCCF Civil Society Consultation Framework UNFCCC United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change NDCs Nationally Determined Contributions COSIE PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper FCPF RMF Road Maintenance Fund FFN ESF Environmental Safeguard Fund GHS Greenhouse Gas GIEC MEWF Ministry of Environment Water and Forestry MRV OSFACO PNDES ESDP Economic and Social Development Plan REDD+ REL/RL RDFL Restoration of Degraded Forest Landscapes R-PP MPDM Master Plan for the Development of Mangroves MPDL Master Plan for the Development of Lands USAID United States Agency for International Development VCS Background The Republic of Guinea is located in the northern hemisphere in the western part of the African continent. It stretches between the 7th and 12th northern parallels and between longitudes 8° and 15° west. The entire territory falls within the humid tropics. It is bordered to the north by Mali and Senegal, to the south by Sierra Leone and Liberia, to west by Guinea Bissau and the Atlantic Ocean and to the east by Cote d’Ivoire and Mali. The country covers an area of 245 857 km² and currently has a population of about 12,000,000 inhabitants. Guinea is a territory in transition between the sub-equatorial regions, a dense rain forest area in the south, and the Soudan and Sahel regions, a savannah and steppe area in the north. It is also in transition between the west Atlantic façade and the hinterlands of the West African sub region. Guinea is well endowed with natural resources, including minerals. The mining sector accounts for about 25% of state revenue. Guinea is home to over 25 billion tons of bauxite, which could represent up to half of world reserves. In addition, the country also holds over 4 billion tons of high-grade iron ore and significant gold and diamond reserves as well as large quantities of uranium and potential oil reserves. Guinea ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1993. To contribute to the fight against climate and especially the restoration of its forest cover, the government of Guinea has joined the REDD+ mechanism since 2015 through the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MEWF) and the National REDD Coordination. Like most West African countries, Guinea is not a major greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter, including CO2, but the emissions have been on an upward trend since 2007 (World Bank, 2016). The per capita CO2 emissions rose from 0.119 ton in 2007 to 0.226 ton in 2011 (PNDES, 2016). The diversity of the geomorphology, climatic conditions, landscape structure and vegetation coupled human factors make it possible to divide the country into four natural regions, namely: 1) Lower Guinea or Maritime Guinea; Middle Guinea or Fouta Djallon; (3) Upper Guinea and Forest Guinea [Figure 1]. 1 Guinea Landscape Figure 1: The four natural regions of Guinea 2 1. Lower Guinea is the maritime region covering a strip of about 150 km wide on average, constituting the continental shelve between the Fouta Djallon highlands to the east and the Atlantic Ocean to the West. Before this low gradient continental shelf there are 50 to 90 km wide seafront alluvial plains. This region is also characterized by a tropical climate known as sub Guinean climate under maritime influence (advancing monsoon) with abundant rainfall, always above 2 meters per year, and low temperature variations of 22 to 32 degrees and a fully dry season from November to April. 2. Middle Guinea is the Fouta Djallon mountainous region made up of lateritic highlands with altitudes ranging between 500 and 1500 meters. It is an uneven region with its cliffs reaching heights of several hundreds of meters and great walls between which originate many water bodies in West Africa, including the Gambia and the Bafing (one of the major branches of the Senegal River). The tropical climate in this region changes into a mountain climate, described as Foutanian, which is particularly pleasant, with temperature significantly reduced by the altitude and dropping to below 100 during the minor cold season (November, December, January) especially on the highlands at Dalaba and Mali. The average maximum temperature is 290 and the average minimum temperature is 17o with less abundant rains which range from 1.5 to 2.50m from the North to the South. 3. Upper Guinea or the pre-Sudanese zone is closer to the southern borders of Mali. It consists of low plateaus and vast lateritic plains making up a savannah shrublands through which flow the Niger River and its tributaries: the Tinkisso, Fie, Sankarani… Its dry tropical climate is known as sub Sudanese or Sudano-Guinean climate. The seasonal amplitude of temperatures ranges from 18o to 40o C with rainfall varying between 1200 and 1800mm/annum from the north to south. The vegetation is stunted during the dry season from November to May and often ravaged by bushfires. 4. Forest Guinea is a region with a relatively uneven landscape, a fairly humid climate and the vegetation in the southern part already point to large sub equatorial forests. (Beaujeu-Garnier, 1958). Rainfall along this latitudinal gradient varies between 1500 and 2500mm and spreads over 7 to 10 months. The dry season lasts only two to three months, January and December. Humidity is significant and constant and spread over the entire year. Average monthly temperatures are between 24° and 30°, the absolute minimum temperature being around
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