GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FINLAND Special Paper 46 2007 Applied Quaternary research in the central part of glaciated terrain Proceedings of the INQUA Peribaltic Group Field Symposium 2006 Oulanka biological research station, Finland, September 11.–15. Edited by Peter Johansson and Pertti Sarala Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper 46 Applied Quaternary research in the central part of glaciated terrain Proceedings of the INQUA Peribaltic Group Field Symposium 2006 Oulanka biological research station, Finland, September 11.–15. Edited by Peter Johansson and Pertti Sarala Geological Survey of Finland Espoo 2007 Johansson, P. & Sarala, P. (eds.) 2007. Applied Quaternary re- search in the central part of glaciated terrain. Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper 46, 161 pages, 100 fi gures, 7 tables. The INQUA Peribaltic Group Field Symposium was held in Sep- tember 11.–15.2006 in the central and northern part of Finland. Topics related to Late Pleistocene glaciogenic deposits in the central part of the Scandinavian ice sheet were discussed during the excursions and meeting. This publication contains 21 peer-re- viewed papers that are based on the oral and poster presentations given at the symposium. The papers represent a wide range of recent Quaternary research achievements in the glaciated areas of northern Europe, America and Antarctica. The fi rst paper by Sarala gives a general presentation of the glacial stratigraphy and characteristics of southern Lapland and Koillismaa in Finland. In the next papers Yevzerov et al. and Kor- sakova & Kolka present results relating to deglaciation history in the Kola Peninsula. Depositional conditions and deposits of the . last deglaciation are also discussed in the papers by Karmaziene et al. and Baltr0nas et al. for the northern and southern parts of Lithuania respectively. In the next papers the subglacial hydrography and drainage of the melting phase are discussed. The paper by Johansson deals with meltwater action and deposits in northern Finland. In the papers by Sutinen et al. and Rattas the development of subglacial drainage systems and the related deposits are presented. Sub- glacial tunnel valleys and their sedimentation are introduced by Kehew & Kozlowski. In the paper by Hang et al. varved clay studies in proglacial sedimentary environment in western Estonia are presented. Stud- ies of buried organic sediments in the glaciolacustrine/-marine environment in Estonia are discussed by Saarse et al. In the sec- ond paper by Sutinen et al. macrofossils relating to the birch-pine- spruce succession in western Finnish Lapland have been studied. Sharapova & Semenova and Bolikhovskaya & Molodkov have done pollen investigations for palaeoenvironmental reconstruc- tion in Kola Peninsula and Estonia. In the paper by Gyllencreutz et al. a new GIS-based reconstruction and dating database are presented. Seismotectonic events in Lapland are discussed in the third paper of Sutinen et al. and in Kola region in the paper of Yevze- rov & Nikolaeva. An example of the applied use of geophysical methods in the study of lithology and hydraulic properties of tills is given in the fourth paper of Sutinen et al. In the last papers, the urban geology of Tartu in Estonia is discussed by Kalm, and in southern Finland by Ojala and Palmu and morphotectonic inves- tigations of the Antarctic by Lastochkin & Krotova-Putintseva. Key words (GeoRef Thesaurus, AGI): glacial geology, degla- ciation, meltwater channel, glacial features, sediments, paleo- botany, Quaternary, symposia. Peter Johansson and Pertti Sarala Geological Survey of Finland P.O. Box 77, FI-96101 Rovaniemi, FINLAND E-mail: peter.johansson@gtk.fi , pertti.sarala@gtk.fi ISBN 978-952-217-006-4 (paperback) ISBN 978-952-217-021-7 (PDF) ISSN 0782-8535 3 CONTENTS Preface, Peter Johansson & Pertti Sarala .................................................................................................... 6 Glacial morphology and ice lobation in southern Finnish Lapland, Pertti Sarala ....................................... 9 Deglaciation of the Rybachi and Sredni Peninsulas in the Late Pleistocene, northwest Russia, Vladimir Yevzerov, Jakob Møller, Vasili Kolka & Geoffrey Corner ............................................... 19 Landscape and geological features of tectonic zones in the Khibiny Mountains, Kola Peninsula, NW Russia, Olga Korsakova & Vasili Kolka ............................................................................................. 25 . Structural characteristics of Pleistocene deposits in North Lithuania, Danguole Karmaziene, Bronislavas Karmaza & Valentinas Baltr0nas ........................................................................................... 31 Periglacial conditions and deglaciation in Southern Lithuania during the Last Ice Age, . Valentinas Baltr0nas, K´stutis Švedas & Violeta Pukelyte ........................................................................ 39 Late Weichselian deglaciation in Finnish Lapland, Peter Johansson ......................................................... 47 Late Weichselian sheetfl ow drainage of subglacial Lokka ice lake, Raimo Sutinen, Mari Jakonen, Pauliina Liwata & Eija Hyvönen ................................................................................................................ 55 Spatial distribution and morphological aspects of eskers and bedrock valleys in north Estonia: implications for the reconstruction of a subglacial drainage system under the Late Weichselian Baltic Ice Stream, Maris Rattas .................................................................................................................. 63 Tunnel Channels of the Saginaw Lobe, Michigan, USA, Alan E. Kehew & Andrew L. Kozlowski ........... 69 Proglacial sedimentary environment in Pärnu area, western Estonia as derived from the varved clay studies, Tiit Hang, Peeter Talviste, Raul Reinson & Marko Kohv ...................................................... 79 Buried organic sediments in Estonia related to the Ancylus Lake and Litorina Sea, Leili Saarse, Jüri Vassiljev, Avo Miidel & Eve Niinemets ...............................................................................................87 Macrofossil evidence dispute ubiquitous birch-pine-spruce succession in western Finnish Lapland, Raimo Sutinen, Ilkka Aro, Hannu Herva, Tapio Muurinen, Matti Piekkari & Mauri Timonen .................. 93 Pollen diagram of the Late Pleistocene interstadial deposits from the Kola Peninsula, Russia, Alla Sharapova & Ljudmila Semenova ....................................................................................................... 99 Pollen and IR-OSL evidence for palaeoenvironmental changes between ca 39 kyr to ca 33 kyr BP recorded in the Voka key section, NE Estonia, Natalia S. Bolikhovskaya & Anatoly N. Molodkov ...103 DATED – A GIS-based Reconstruction and dating Database of the Eurasian Deglaciation, Richard Gyllencreutz, Jan Mangerud, John-Inge Svendsen & Øystein Lohne ..........................................113 4 Time-transgressive evolution of landslides possibly induced by seismotectonic events in Lapland, Raimo Sutinen, Matti Piekkari & Pauliina Liwata ................................................................ 121 Geological evidence of the seismicity in the Kola region during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene, Vladimir Yevzerov & Svetlana Nikolaeva ................................................................................................. 129 Lithological contribution to hydraulic properties of tills: inter-seasonal dielectric assessment, Raimo Sutinen, Matti Piekkari, Aki Tepsa, Markku Virtanen & Pekka Hänninen ....................................135 The urban geology of Tartu, Estonia, Volli Kalm ......................................................................................141 Sedimentological characteristics of the Late Weichselian – Holocene deposits of the Suurpelto area in Espoo, southern Finland, Antti E. K. Ojala & Jukka-Pekka Palmu ..............................................147 Morphotectonic investigations of the Antarctic, Alexander N. Lastochkin & Alexandra Y. Krotova-Putintseva ............................................................................................................................... 157 Front cover: The excursion participants at the Hitura open pit. 5 Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper 46 Peter Johansson and Pertti Sarala PREFACE The Peribaltic Group is an INQUA (International were much longer than previously thought. The Union for Quaternary Research) research group, new information is based on new, more accurate bringing together ice age researchers from countries age determination methods and a tighter sample around the Baltic Sea. It is one of the most active network. The results of recent new applications in working groups of INQUA’s commission meeting geophysical working methods applied in Quaternary regularly once a year for over ten years now. The research were also introduced. The occurrence and aim of the working group is to enhance the research fl ow patterns of glaciers of the Early and Middle co-operation between the countries around the Bal- Weichselian glaciation stages, however, remained tic Sea and to create contacts between researchers open questions. in different countries. Its most crucial concrete tasks The meeting included a four-day-excursion to are to compile a comprehensive fi le on glacial fl ow northern and central Ostrobothnia and southern patterns and a GIS-based map database of late-gla- Lapland, with