A New Formal Subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch in Estonia
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Circum-Indian Ocean Hydroclimate at the Mid to Late Holocene Transition: the Double Drought Hypothesis and Consequences for the Harappan” by Nick Scroxton Et Al
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-138-RC2, 2021 CPD © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Interactive comment Interactive comment on “Circum-Indian ocean hydroclimate at the mid to late Holocene transition: The Double Drought hypothesis and consequences for the Harappan” by Nick Scroxton et al. Harvey Weiss (Referee) [email protected] Received and published: 4 January 2021 Global KM-A Congruence and the Indus Collapse Harvey Weiss Printer-friendly version Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Environmental Studies Pro- gram, and School of Environment, Yale University Discussion paper The IUGS-recognized global boundary stratotype for the 4.2 - 3.9 ka BP event, marking C1 the middle to late Holocene transition to the Meghalayan stage, is the KM-A speleothem δ18O record from Mawmluh Cave, Meghalaya, NW India, that is an Indian Summer CPD Monsoon (ISM) drought record (Berkelhammer et al 2012; Walker et al 2019). The recent analysis of the Indus delta foraminifera record at core 63KA has identified, as well, the Indian Winter Monsoon drought synchronous with the 4.2 ka BP ISM drought Interactive (Giesche et al 2019). The global boundary sub-stratotype is the Mt. Logan Yukon comment glacial core’s δ18O moisture event (Fisher et al 2008). Scroxton et al present a principal components analysis of seven recent δ18O speleothem records from the Indian Ocean region and the Giesche et al 2019 delta foraminifera analyses (line 110) “to investigate the impacts of the 4.2 kyr event on trop- ical Indian Ocean basin monsoonal rainfall” and the late third millennium BC Indus urban collapses. -
The Astronomical Theory of Climate and the Age of the Brunhes-Matuyama Magnetic Reversal
EPSL ELSEVIER Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126 (1994) 91-108 The astronomical theory of climate and the age of the Brunhes-Matuyama magnetic reversal Franck C. Bassinot a,1, Laurent D. Labeyrie b, Edith Vincent a, Xavier Quidelleur c Nicholas J. Shackleton d, Yves Lancelot a a Laboratoire de Gdologie du Quaternaire, CNRS-Luminy, Case 907, 13288 Marseille cddex 09, France b Centre des Faibles Radioactivit&, CNRS/CEA, Avenue de la Terrasse, BP 1, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France c Institut de Physique du Globe, Laboratoire de Pal~omagn&isme, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris c~dex 05, France d Department of Quaternary Research, The Godwin Laboratory, Free School Lane, Cambridge CB2 3RS, UK Received 3 November 1993; revision accepted 30 May 1994 Abstract Below oxygen isotope stage 16, the orbitally derived time-scale developed by Shackleton et al. [1] from ODP site 677 in the equatorial Pacific differs significantly from previous ones [e.g., 2-5], yielding estimated ages for the last Earth magnetic reversals that are 5-7% older than the K/Ar values [6-8] but are in good agreement with recent Ar/Ar dating [9-11]. These results suggest that in the lower Brunhes and upper Matuyama chronozones most deep-sea climatic records retrieved so far apparently missed or misinterpreted several oscillations predicted by the astronomical theory of climate. To test this hypothesis, we studied a high-resolution oxygen isotope record from giant piston core MD900963 (Maldives area, tropical Indian Ocean) in which precession-related oscillations in t~180 are particularly well expressed, owing to the superimposition of a local salinity signal on the global ice volume signal [12]. -
Low-Cost Epoch-Based Correlation Prefetching for Commercial Applications Yuan Chou Architecture Technology Group Microelectronics Division
Low-Cost Epoch-Based Correlation Prefetching for Commercial Applications Yuan Chou Architecture Technology Group Microelectronics Division 1 Motivation Performance of many commercial applications limited by processor stalls due to off-chip cache misses Applications characterized by irregular control-flow and complex data access patterns Software prefetching and simple stride-based hardware prefetching ineffective Hardware correlation prefetching more promising - can remember complex recurring data access patterns Current correlation prefetchers have severe drawbacks but we think we can overcome them 2 Talk Outline Traditional Correlation Prefetching Epoch-Based Correlation Prefetching Experimental Results Summary 3 Traditional Correlation Prefetching Basic idea: use current miss address M to predict N future miss addresses F ...F (where N = prefetch depth) 1 N Miss address sequence: A B C D E F G H I assume N=2 Use A to prefetch B C Use D to prefetch E F Use G to prefetch H I Correlations recorded in correlation table Correlation table size proportional to application working set 4 Correlation Prefetching Drawbacks Very large correlation tables needed for commercial apps - impractical to store on-chip No attempt to eliminate all naturally overlapped misses Miss address sequence: A B C D E F G H I time A C F H B D G I E compute off-chip access 5 Correlation Prefetching Drawbacks Very large correlation tables needed for commercial apps - impractical to store on-chip No attempt to eliminate all naturally overlapped misses Miss address sequence: -
Calendar Year Age Estimates of Allerød-Younger Dryas Sea-Level
JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE (2004) 19(5) 443–464 Copyright ß 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jqs.846 Calendar year age estimates of Allerød–Younger Dryas sea-level oscillations at Os, western Norway ØYSTEIN S. LOHNE,1,2* STEIN BONDEVIK,3 JAN MANGERUD1,2 and HANS SCHRADER1 1 Department of Earth Science, Alle´gaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway 2 The Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Norway 3 Department of Geology, University of Tromsø, Dramsveien 201, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway Lohne, Ø. S., Bondevik, S., Mangerud, J. and Schrader, H. 2004. Calendar year age estimates of Allerød—Younger Dryas sea-level oscillations at Os, western Norway. J. Quaternary Sci., Vol. 19 pp. 443–464. ISSN 0267-8179. Received 30 September 2003; Revised 2 February 2004; Accepted 17 February 2004 ABSTRACT: A detailed shoreline displacement curve documents the Younger Dryas transgression in western Norway. The relative sea-level rise was more than 9 m in an area which subsequently experienced an emergence of almost 60 m. The sea-level curve is based on the stratigraphy of six isolation basins with bedrock thresholds. Effort has been made to establish an accurate chronology using a calendar year time-scale by 14C wiggle matching and the use of time synchronic markers (the Vedde Ash Bed and the post-glacial rise in Betula (birch) pollen). The sea-level curve demonstrates that the Younger Dryas transgression started close to the Allerød–Younger Dryas transition and that the high stand was reached only 200 yr before the Younger Dryas–Holocene boundary. -
The Geologic Time Scale Is the Eon
Exploring Geologic Time Poster Illustrated Teacher's Guide #35-1145 Paper #35-1146 Laminated Background Geologic Time Scale Basics The history of the Earth covers a vast expanse of time, so scientists divide it into smaller sections that are associ- ated with particular events that have occurred in the past.The approximate time range of each time span is shown on the poster.The largest time span of the geologic time scale is the eon. It is an indefinitely long period of time that contains at least two eras. Geologic time is divided into two eons.The more ancient eon is called the Precambrian, and the more recent is the Phanerozoic. Each eon is subdivided into smaller spans called eras.The Precambrian eon is divided from most ancient into the Hadean era, Archean era, and Proterozoic era. See Figure 1. Precambrian Eon Proterozoic Era 2500 - 550 million years ago Archaean Era 3800 - 2500 million years ago Hadean Era 4600 - 3800 million years ago Figure 1. Eras of the Precambrian Eon Single-celled and simple multicelled organisms first developed during the Precambrian eon. There are many fos- sils from this time because the sea-dwelling creatures were trapped in sediments and preserved. The Phanerozoic eon is subdivided into three eras – the Paleozoic era, Mesozoic era, and Cenozoic era. An era is often divided into several smaller time spans called periods. For example, the Paleozoic era is divided into the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous,and Permian periods. Paleozoic Era Permian Period 300 - 250 million years ago Carboniferous Period 350 - 300 million years ago Devonian Period 400 - 350 million years ago Silurian Period 450 - 400 million years ago Ordovician Period 500 - 450 million years ago Cambrian Period 550 - 500 million years ago Figure 2. -
All These Fantastic Cultures? Research History and Regionalization in the Late Palaeolithic Tanged Point Cultures of Eastern Europe
European Journal of Archaeology 23 (2) 2020, 162–185 This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), which permits non- commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the same Creative Commons licence is included and the original work is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use. All these Fantastic Cultures? Research History and Regionalization in the Late Palaeolithic Tanged Point Cultures of Eastern Europe 1 2 3 LIVIJA IVANOVAITĖ ,KAMIL SERWATKA ,CHRISTIAN STEVEN HOGGARD , 4 5 FLORIAN SAUER AND FELIX RIEDE 1Museum of Copenhagen, Denmark 2Archaeological and Ethnographic Museum of Łódź, Poland 3University of Southampton, United Kingdom 4University of Cologne, Köln, Germany 5Aarhus University, Højbjerg, Denmark The Late Glacial, that is the period from the first pronounced warming after the Last Glacial Maximum to the beginning of the Holocene (c. 16,000–11,700 cal BP), is traditionally viewed as a time when northern Europe was being recolonized and Late Palaeolithic cultures diversified. These cultures are characterized by particular artefact types, or the co-occurrence or specific relative frequencies of these. In north-eastern Europe, numerous cultures have been proposed on the basis of supposedly different tanged points. This practice of naming new cultural units based on these perceived differences has been repeatedly critiqued, but robust alternatives have rarely been offered. Here, we review the taxonomic landscape of Late Palaeolithic large tanged point cultures in eastern Europe as currently envisaged, which leads us to be cautious about the epistemological validity of many of the constituent groups. -
R~;: PHYSIOLOGICAL, MIGRATORIAL
....----------- 'r~;: i ! 'r; Pa/eont .. 62(4), 1988, pp. 64~52 Copyright © 1988, The Paleontological Society 0022-3360/88/0062-0640$03.00 PHYSIOLOGICAL, MIGRATORIAL, CLIMATOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL, SURVIVAL, AND EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS OF CRETACEOUS POLAR DINOSAURS GREGORY S. PAUL 3109 North Calvert Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 ABSTRACTT- he presence of Late Cretaceous social dinosaurs in polar regions confronted them with winter conditions of extended dark, coolness, breezes, and precipitation that could best be coped with via an endothermic homeothermic physiology of at least the tenrec level. This is true whether the dinosaurs stayed year round in the polar regime-which in North America extended from Alaska south to Montana-or if they migrated away from polar winters. More reptilian physiologies fail to meet the demands of such winters -in certain key ways, a· point tentatively confirmed by the apparent failure of giant Late Cretaceous phobosuchid crocodilians to dwell north of Montana. Low metabolisms were also insufficient for extended annual migrations away from and towards the poles. It is shown that even high metabolic rate dinosaurs probably remained in their polar habitats year-round. The possibility that dinosaurs had avian-mammalian metabolic systems, and may have borne insulation at least seasonally, severely limits their use as polar paleoclimatic and Earth axial tilt indicators. Polar dinosaurs may have been a center of dinosaur evolution. The possible ability of polar dinosaurs to cope with conditions of cool and dark challenges theories that a gradual temperature decline, or a sudden, meteoritic or volcanic induced collapse in temperature and sunlight, destroyed the dinosaurs. INTRODUCTION America suggests that dinosaurs were regularly crossing, and NCREASINGNUMBERSof remains show that dinosaurs lived living upon, the Bering Land Bridge within a few degrees of the I near the North and South Poles during the Cretaceous. -
Scientific Dating of Pleistocene Sites: Guidelines for Best Practice Contents
Consultation Draft Scientific Dating of Pleistocene Sites: Guidelines for Best Practice Contents Foreword............................................................................................................................. 3 PART 1 - OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................. 3 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 3 The Quaternary stratigraphical framework ........................................................................ 4 Palaeogeography ........................................................................................................... 6 Fitting the archaeological record into this dynamic landscape .............................................. 6 Shorter-timescale division of the Late Pleistocene .............................................................. 7 2. Scientific Dating methods for the Pleistocene ................................................................. 8 Radiometric methods ..................................................................................................... 8 Trapped Charge Methods................................................................................................ 9 Other scientific dating methods ......................................................................................10 Relative dating methods ................................................................................................10 -
Late Neogene Chronology: New Perspectives in High-Resolution Stratigraphy
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Columbia University Academic Commons Late Neogene chronology: New perspectives in high-resolution stratigraphy W. A. Berggren Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 F. J. Hilgen Institute of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands C. G. Langereis } D. V. Kent Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964 J. D. Obradovich Isotope Geology Branch, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado 80225 Isabella Raffi Facolta di Scienze MM.FF.NN, Universita ‘‘G. D’Annunzio’’, ‘‘Chieti’’, Italy M. E. Raymo Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 N. J. Shackleton Godwin Laboratory of Quaternary Research, Free School Lane, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 3RS, United Kingdom ABSTRACT (Calabria, Italy), is located near the top of working group with the task of investigat- the Olduvai (C2n) Magnetic Polarity Sub- ing and resolving the age disagreements in We present an integrated geochronology chronozone with an estimated age of 1.81 the then-nascent late Neogene chronologic for late Neogene time (Pliocene, Pleisto- Ma. The 13 calcareous nannoplankton schemes being developed by means of as- cene, and Holocene Epochs) based on an and 48 planktonic foraminiferal datum tronomical/climatic proxies (Hilgen, 1987; analysis of data from stable isotopes, mag- events for the Pliocene, and 12 calcareous Hilgen and Langereis, 1988, 1989; Shackle- netostratigraphy, radiochronology, and cal- nannoplankton and 10 planktonic foram- ton et al., 1990) and the classical radiometric careous plankton biostratigraphy. -
A Possible Late Pleistocene Impact Crater in Central North America and Its Relation to the Younger Dryas Stadial
A POSSIBLE LATE PLEISTOCENE IMPACT CRATER IN CENTRAL NORTH AMERICA AND ITS RELATION TO THE YOUNGER DRYAS STADIAL SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY David Tovar Rodriguez IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE Howard Mooers, Advisor August 2020 2020 David Tovar All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Howard Mooers for his permanent support, my family, and my friends. i Abstract The causes that started the Younger Dryas (YD) event remain hotly debated. Studies indicate that the drainage of Lake Agassiz into the North Atlantic Ocean and south through the Mississippi River caused a considerable change in oceanic thermal currents, thus producing a decrease in global temperature. Other studies indicate that perhaps the impact of an extraterrestrial body (asteroid fragment) could have impacted the Earth 12.9 ky BP ago, triggering a series of events that caused global temperature drop. The presence of high concentrations of iridium, charcoal, fullerenes, and molten glass, considered by-products of extraterrestrial impacts, have been reported in sediments of the same age; however, there is no impact structure identified so far. In this work, the Roseau structure's geomorphological features are analyzed in detail to determine if impacted layers with plastic deformation located between hard rocks and a thin layer of water might explain the particular shape of the studied structure. Geophysical data of the study area do not show gravimetric anomalies related to a possible impact structure. One hypothesis developed on this works is related to the structure's shape might be explained by atmospheric explosions dynamics due to the disintegration of material when it comes into contact with the atmosphere. -
Late Weichselian and Holocene Shore Displacement History of the Baltic Sea in Finland
Late Weichselian and Holocene shore displacement history of the Baltic Sea in Finland MATTI TIKKANEN AND JUHA OKSANEN Tikkanen, Matti & Juha Oksanen (2002). Late Weichselian and Holocene shore displacement history of the Baltic Sea in Finland. Fennia 180: 1–2, pp. 9–20. Helsinki. ISSN 0015-0010. About 62 percent of Finland’s current surface area has been covered by the waters of the Baltic basin at some stage. The highest shorelines are located at a present altitude of about 220 metres above sea level in the north and 100 metres above sea level in the south-east. The nature of the Baltic Sea has alter- nated in the course of its four main postglacial stages between a freshwater lake and a brackish water basin connected to the outside ocean by narrow straits. This article provides a general overview of the principal stages in the history of the Baltic Sea and examines the regional influence of the associated shore displacement phenomena within Finland. The maps depicting the vari- ous stages have been generated digitally by GIS techniques. Following deglaciation, the freshwater Baltic Ice Lake (12,600–10,300 BP) built up against the ice margin to reach a level 25 metres above that of the ocean, with an outflow through the straits of Öresund. At this stage the only substantial land areas in Finland were in the east and south-east. Around 10,300 BP this ice lake discharged through a number of channels that opened up in central Sweden until it reached the ocean level, marking the beginning of the mildly saline Yoldia Sea stage (10,300–9500 BP). -
Part 2A of Form ADV Firm Brochure
Item 1: Cover Page Part 2A of Form ADV Firm Brochure 399 Park Avenue New York, NY 10022 www.eipny.com January 27, 2021 This brochure provides information about the qualifications and business practices of Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. (“Epoch” or the “Firm”). If you have any questions about the contents of this brochure, please contact David A. Barnett, Epoch’s Managing Attorney and Chief Compliance Officer at 399 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10022 or call (212) 303-7200. The information in this brochure has not been approved or verified by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or by any state securities authority. In addition, registration with the SEC as an investment adviser does not imply a certain level of skill or training. Additional information about Epoch is also available on the SEC’s website at: www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. Epoch Investment Partners Part 2A of Form ADV Item 2: Material Changes Our last annual update was dated January 27, 2020. Since the last annual update, there have been no material changes to our Form ADV Part 2A. To the extent that we materially amend our Brochure in the future, you will receive either an amended Brochure or a summary of any material changes to the annual update within 120 days of the close of our fiscal year or earlier if required. We may also provide you with an interim amended Brochure based on material changes or new information. ___________________________________________________________________________ 2 Epoch Investment Partners Part 2A of Form ADV Item 3: Table of Contents Item 2: Material Changes ..............................................................................................................