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Exploring the Caregiver-Child Relationship in Institutional Care Facilities in South Sudan

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Exploring the Caregiver-Child Relationship in Institutional Care Facilities in South Sudan BearWorks MSU Graduate Theses Summer 2017 Exploring the Caregiver-Child Relationship in Institutional Care Facilities in South Sudan Jennifer Joy Telfer Missouri State University, [email protected] As with any intellectual project, the content and views expressed in this thesis may be considered objectionable by some readers. However, this student-scholar’s work has been judged to have academic value by the student’s thesis committee members trained in the discipline. The content and views expressed in this thesis are those of the student-scholar and are not endorsed by Missouri State University, its Graduate College, or its employees. Follow this and additional works at: https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses Part of the African Studies Commons, Anthropology Commons, Child Psychology Commons, Community-Based Research Commons, Early Childhood Education Commons, Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, Place and Environment Commons, and the Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies Commons Recommended Citation Telfer, Jennifer Joy, "Exploring the Caregiver-Child Relationship in Institutional Care Facilities in South Sudan" (2017). MSU Graduate Theses. 3140. https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses/3140 This article or document was made available through BearWorks, the institutional repository of Missouri State University. The work contained in it may be protected by copyright and require permission of the copyright holder for reuse or redistribution. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EXPLORING THE CAREGIVER-CHILD RELATIONSHIP IN INSTITUTIONAL CARE FACILITIES IN SOUTH SUDAN A Masters Thesis Presented to The Graduate College of Missouri State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science, Early Childhood and Family Development By Jennifer Joy Telfer August 2017 Copyright 2017 by Jennifer Joy Telfer ii EXPLORING THE CAREGIVER-CHILD RELATIONSHIP IN INSTITUTIONAL CARE FACILITIES IN SOUTH SUDAN Childhood Education and Family Studies Missouri State University, August 2017 Master of Science Jennifer Joy Telfer ABSTRACT Institutional care for children separated from parents is expanding in Africa, but little research exists on caregiving at these institutions. This study explores the caregiver-child relationship in two residential institutions in South Sudan by investigating how caregivers experience their role and how children experience their lives in the institution. Semi- structured interviews assessed 14 caregivers’ backgrounds, parenting experience, attitudes, education, and motivations. The Orphans and Vulnerable Children Wellbeing Tool (OWT) assessed 98 adolescent residents, who also gave feedback about their answers. Caregivers employ parenting styles used by their parents and report treating non-relative children the same as biological children. Children report relatively lower family and social wellbeing as compared with other domains of wellbeing, such as food, shelter, and spirituality. Despite disparities in caregivers’ age, experience, and education between the two institutions, the adolescent groups at both sites report similar mean wellbeing scores, indicating the institutional framework may influence adolescent wellbeing more strongly than particular characteristics of the caregivers at those institutions. Future studies in South Sudan could compare adolescent wellbeing across a spectrum of alternative care settings (relative foster care, non-relative foster care, institutional care) to determine which form of alternative care provides the highest wellbeing for children. KEYWORDS: caregiver-child relationship, caregivers, institutional care of children, orphans, Africa, South Sudan, orphanage, residential care, alternative care, caregiver attitudes, OVC, adolescent wellbeing, OWT This abstract is approved as to form and content _______________________________ Joan E. Test, Ed.D. Chairperson, Advisory Committee Missouri State University iii EXPLORING THE CAREGIVER-CHILD RELATIONSHIP IN INSTITUTIONAL CARE FACILITIES IN SOUTH SUDAN By Jennifer Joy Telfer A Masters Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College Of Missouri State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science, Early Childhood and Family Development August 2017 Approved: _______________________________________ Joan E. Test, Ed.D. _______________________________________ David Goodwin, Ph.D. _______________________________________ Rose Korang-Okrah, Ph.D. _______________________________________ Julie Masterson, PhD: Dean, Graduate College In the interest of academic freedom and the principle of free speech, approval of this thesis indicates the format is acceptable and meets the academic criteria for the discipline as determined by the faculty that constitute the thesis committee. The content and views expressed in this thesis are those of the student- scholar and are not endorsed by Missouri State University, its Graduate College, or its employees. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the following people for their support during the course of my graduate studies: Vern and Marjorie Knierim, for their warm welcome to Knierim Hall; Vaughn and Cindy Telfer, for their love, prayers, willingness to come to my aid in car troubles, and tangible support; the many friends and loved ones who encouraged, supported, and believed in me during the process of data collection in South Sudan; and Father Tom McGann, Bev. Franklin, and other staff at Catholic Campus Ministry, who provided me with workspace to spread out my data and coffee to fuel my many late night thesis sessions. I would like to acknowledge the help of the following individuals at Missouri State University: Dr. Joan Test, whose regular listening ear and helpful feedback on this project both clarified and challenged my thinking; Dr. David Goodwin, whose office was a place I could go to catalyze my creativity; Dr. Rose Korang-Okrah, whose consistent presence and helpful questions during the data analysis encouraged me to keep working; and Dr. Todd Daniels, whose statistical prowess aided me at two important junctures in the course of data analysis. Lastly, but most importantly, I would be remiss not to thank the following individuals in South Sudan: the two organizations who welcomed me to come live and learn with them for two months during the summer of 2016; my fantastic research assistant, Malik Kafi Maki, whose thoughts, questions, and translation assistance have sharpened this project; and all of the caregivers and children who welcomed me into their lives and graciously allowed me to learn from their experience. Without you, I would not have been asking these questions. I dedicate this thesis to Isaac, Rebecca, and Isaiah. May you rest in peace, rise in power, and may your memory live on. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ..........................................................................................................................1 Statement of the Problem .........................................................................................2 Purpose and Aim of the Study .................................................................................6 Research Questions ..................................................................................................6 Research Design.......................................................................................................7 Significance of the Study .........................................................................................7 Assumptions .................................................................................................8 Limitations ...................................................................................................8 Definition of Terms..................................................................................................9 Literature Review...............................................................................................................12 Traditional and Emerging Forms of Alternative Care in Africa ............................13 Early Research on Institutional Care and Patterns of Attachment .........................15 Studies on Child Outcomes and Factors Influencing Alternative Care in Africa ..20 Material Wellbeing ....................................................................................20 Social Wellbeing ........................................................................................21 Emotional Wellbeing .................................................................................22 Interaction of Material, Social, and Emotional Care .................................23 Factors Influencing Child Wellbeing Outcomes in Alterative Care ..........26 Caregiver-Child Relationships in Institutional Care Settings in Africa.................27 Summary and Direction .........................................................................................29 Methods..............................................................................................................................32 Research Design.....................................................................................................32 Site of the Study .....................................................................................................34 Participants .............................................................................................................39 Ethical Considerations ...........................................................................................41
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