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Freedom Respect Equality Dignity: Action NGO Submission to the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination Australia

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Freedom Respect Equality Dignity: Action NGO Submission to the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination Australia Freedom Respect Equality Dignity: Action NGO Submission to the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination Australia June 2010 Contents Contents..................................................................................................................................................i Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................4 List of Contributors...............................................................................................................................7 List of Supporting Organisations........................................................................................................8 Executive Summary..............................................................................................................................9 A. LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND GENERAL POLICIES (ARTICLES 1 & 2) .......................19 A.1 Discrimination Law ............................................................................................19 A.2 Special Measures..............................................................................................21 A.3 Australian Human Rights Commission .............................................................22 A.4 Regulating Australian Corporations Overseas..................................................24 A.5 Multicultural Policy ............................................................................................28 A.6 The Durban Review ..........................................................................................29 A.7 Discrimination against Non-Citizens .................................................................30 (a) Citizenship Test 31 B. LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR ABORIGINAL AND TORRES STRAIT ISLANDER PEOPLES (ARTICLES 1 & 2).....................................................................32 B.1 The Northern Territory Intervention...................................................................32 (a) Justification and Reactions to the Northern Territory Intervention 33 (b) Northern Territory Intervention Review 34 (c) Consultation with Affected Communities 35 (d) Proposed Amendments to the Northern Territory Intervention 36 (e) Special Measures 37 (f) Proposed Reinstatement of the Racial Discrimination Act 38 B.2 Aboriginal Representative Body........................................................................39 B.3 Australia’s Conduct in Intergovernmental Financial Institutions .......................42 B.4 Close the Gap Policies......................................................................................43 C. RACIAL SEGREGATION (ARTICLE 3).........................................................................45 C.1 Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander Peoples ..............................................45 (a) Basics Card 46 D. OFFENCES OF RACIAL HATRED (ARTICLE 4)..........................................................48 D.1 Australia’s Reservations to Article 4(a) .............................................................48 (a) Acts of Racial Hatred 48 (b) Inciting Acts of Racial or Religious Hatred 50 D.2 Vilification of African Communities....................................................................53 D.3 Cyber-Racism....................................................................................................54 E. EQUAL TREATMENT IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE (ARTICLE 5(a)).......56 E.1 Establishing Race Discrimination in Courts ......................................................56 E.2 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples ..................................................57 (a) Policing 57 (b) Aboriginal Legal Assistance 60 (c) Interpreting Services 61 (d) Transport to Court in Remote Northern Territory Communities 62 E.3 Policing African Communities ...........................................................................64 Page i E.4 Counter-Terrorism Measures............................................................................66 E.5 Migrant and Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Communities .......................68 F. OTHER CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS (ARTICLE 5(b) – (d)) ...................................70 F.1 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples ..................................................70 (a) Imprisonment 70 (b) Aboriginal Women in Prison 72 (c) Deaths in Custody 73 (d) Mandatory Sentencing 75 (e) Juvenile Justice 77 (f) Native Title 78 (g) Participation in Political Life 79 (h) Freedom of Movement 79 (i) Property Rights 80 (j) Nuclear Waste Sites 81 F.2 Indian Communities ..........................................................................................85 F.3 International Students .......................................................................................86 F.4 Asylum Seekers, Refugees and Non-Citizens..................................................88 (a) Mandatory Immigration Detention 89 (b) Excision from the Migration Zone 91 (c) Suspension of Asylum Claims 93 (d) Refoulement of Non-Citizens 96 (e) Stateless People 99 (f) Deportation of Long Term Residents 101 F.5 Counter-Terrorism...........................................................................................104 (a) Border Security and the Right to Privacy 104 (b) Proscription of Organisations and Freedom of Association 105 F.6 Muslim Women................................................................................................107 G. ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS (ARTICLE 5(e)) ............................110 G.1 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples ................................................110 (a) Education 110 (b) Health 112 (c) Access to Water 116 (d) Access to Food 116 (e) Social Security 117 (f) Housing and Homelessness 117 (g) Work Rights 120 (h) Stolen Wages 122 G.2 International Students .....................................................................................125 (a) Employment 126 (b) Housing 127 (c) Education 128 G.3 African Communities – Employment...............................................................129 G.4 Refugees and Asylum Seekers.......................................................................130 (a) Health in Immigration Detention 130 (b) Work Rights 131 (c) Social Security 132 Page ii G.5 Migrant and Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Communities .....................133 (a) Aged Care Services 133 (b) Young People 134 A. ACCESS TO PUBLIC SPACES (ARTICLE 5(f)) .........................................................136 A.1 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples ................................................136 A.2 African Communities .......................................................................................139 B. EFFECTIVE REMEDIES (ARTICLE 6)........................................................................141 B.1 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples ................................................141 (a) Northern Territory Intervention 141 (b) Stolen Generations 141 (c) Stolen Wages 142 (d) Native Title 142 B.2 Australian Human Rights Commission ...........................................................143 C. EDUCATION TO COMBAT PREJUDICES AND PROMOTE TOLERANCE AND UNDERSTANDING (ARTICLE 7)................................................................................144 C.1 Primary and Secondary Human Rights Education..........................................144 D. DOMESTIC IMPLEMENTATION OF CERD VIEWS AND RECOMMENDATIONS (ARTICLE 14)...............................................................................................................147 Glossary.............................................................................................................................................149 Page iii NGO Report - Australia Introduction Introduction ABOUT THIS SUBMISSION 1. This submission to the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (the CERD Committee) has been prepared by a coalition of non-government organisations (NGOs) from across Australia. The principal authors of this submission are Emily Howie of the Human Rights Law Resource Centre1 and Louise Edwards of the National Association of Community Legal Centres.2 2. The submission was prepared with substantial input and guidance from a high-level NGO Strategy Group, comprising: Pino Migliorino and Victoria Erlichster – Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia Les Malezer – Foundation for Aboriginal and Islander Research Action Ikebal Patel – Federation of Islamic Councils Joumanah El Matrah – Islamic Women’s Welfare Council of Victoria Soo-Lin Quek – Centre for Multicultural Youth Graeme Thom – Amnesty International Australia Jane Brock – Immigrant Women’s Speakout Association 3. The authors would like to acknowledge the many NGOs and individuals listed on page 7 of this report who contributed to the content and provided expert guidance on issues. The authors would also like to acknowledge the support provided by the Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) in hosting meetings of the Strategy Group. 4. This submission is supported, in whole or in part, by the NGOs set out on page 8 of this submission. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONTEXT OF SUBMISSION 5. Australia’s Combined Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Periodic Reports under Article 9 of the International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination (the Government’s CERD report) was lodged with the CERD Committee
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