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Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee Memorial, Arlington County, Virginia, 11 (Typed Draft, National Capital Team, Denver Service Center, August 1981

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Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee Memorial, Arlington County, Virginia, 11 (Typed Draft, National Capital Team, Denver Service Center, August 1981 013 S historic structure report I J)z_ historic data section volume 1 · december 1985 ARLINGTON HOUSE THE ROBERT E. LEE MEMORIAL GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL PARKWAY, VIRGINIA HISTORIC STRUCTURE REPORT HISTORICAL DATA SECTION ARLINGTON HOUSE THE ROBERT E. LEE MEMORIAL, VIRGINIA GERORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL PARKWAY VOLUME I OF 11 1802-1933 By Charles W. Snell Edited by Harlan D. Unrau DENVER SERVI CE CENTER EASTERN TEAM NATIONAL PARK SERVI CE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DENVER, COLORADO CONTENTS PREFACE / v I. SIGNIFICANCE OF ARLINGTON HOUSE/ 1 II. CHAIN OF TITLE, ARLINGTON PLANTATION/ 3 111. CONSTRUCTION, ALTERATIONS, AND RESTO RATl ON OF ARLINGTON HOUSE, 1802-1933 / 8 A. Construction of Arlington House, 1802-1818 / 8 1 • Introduction / 8 2. Construction of North Wing, 1802 / 9 3. Construction of South Wing, 1803-04 / 13 4. Remodeling of the North Wing, ca. 1810-11 / 16 5. Construction of the Main or Center House, 1817-18 / 20 6. Construction and Enclosure of the Loggias on the North and South ·wings I 25 7. George Hadfield, Architect of Arlington House? / 26 B. Repair and Improvement of Arlington House by the Custis-Lee Fam iiies, 18 3 7 - 1 8 61 / 29 1. Bath and Water Closet (Rooms 102 and 103) in North Wing, 1837 / 29 2. Brick Floor and New Wooden Steps, East Portico, 1851 / 29 3. Improvement of the Mansion by the Robert E. Lee Family, 1855 / 31 4. Remodelling the Two East Dressing Rooms, 1857 / 35 5. Robert E. Lee Makes Further Improvements, 1858-59 / 35 6. Contemporary Evidence on the Use· of the Rooms, 1845-61 I 39 a. Extracts from "Childhood Days at Arlington Mixed With After Memories," by Elizabeth Gibbon Randolph Calvert, ca. 1875 / 39 b. The Studio (Room 117), South Wing, 1852-53 / 43 c. April 1856 Visit to Arlington House / 43 d. South Wing Room 115--The "Morning Room," 1855 / 45 e. Data on Use of Rooms Provided by Former Slaves, 1930 / 45 C. Arlington House Under the Administration of the War Department, 1861-1933 / 46 1. Military Headquarters, May 24, 1861-June 1864 / 46 2. Establishment and Development of Arlington National Cemetery, May 13, 1864 - January 1883 / 52 3. Arlington House and the Quartermaster Corps, 1864-84 / 65 a. New Wood Shingle Roof on South Wing, 1869 / 66 b. New Roof on North Wing and Exterior and Interior Painting, 1870 / 68 c. New Window Glass and Repair of Servants' Quarters, 1871 / 69 d. Improvements in 1872 / 71 e. Improvements in 1873 / 72 f. Improvements in 1874 / 73 (1) New Front Steps and Two New Rear (West) Porches/ 73 (2) Improvements to the Water Supply / 74 (3) Buildings in 1874 / 75 (4) Repairs to Interior of Arlington House / 75 (5) Glass Roof for the Conservatory ( Room 116), South Wing / 76 g. Improvements in 1875 / 76 ( 1) Columns and Gutters of East Portico Repaired / 76 (2) Stable Repaired / 77 h. Improvements in 1876 / 77 i. Improvements in 1877 / 78 j. Improvements in 1878 / 78 k. Improvements in 1879 / 80 i. Improvements in 1880 / 80 m. Improvements in 1881 / 81 n. Improvements in 1882 / 82 o. Improvements in 1883 / 83 p. Improvements in 1884 / 83 (1) Cleaning Out Rubbish in Basement / 83 (2) Repairs to Roof of Mansion / 84 (3) Repairing and Repainting Interior of Mansion / 84 ( 4) Scraping and Painting Columns on East Portico / 85 (5) Slate Roof on Outbuilding / 85 (6) Removal of Old Summer Arbor in Flower Garden / 85 4. Arlington House and the Quartermaster Corps, 1885-1894 / 86 a. Remodelling and Repair of Arlington House, 1885 / 86 b. Exterior Painting and Murals in Main Hall, 1886 / 95 c. New Greenhouse with Interior Cistern Erected, 1889 / 96 d. Description of Arlington House and Buildings, 1889 / 96 e. Exterior Color and Use of Rooms, 1892 / 96 5. Arlington House and the Quartermaster Corps, 1895 - 1904 / 97 a. Improvements in 1895 I 98 b. Improvements in 1896 I 98 c. Improvements in 1897 I 100 d. Improvements in 1898 I 101 e. Improvements in 1899 I 103 ii f. Improvements in 1900 / 106 g. Improvements in 1901 / 107 h. Improvements in 1902 / 108 i. Improvements in 1903 / 109 j. Improvements in 1904 / 11 O k. Summary of Expenditures for Repairs and Improvements, 1895 - 1904 / 111 6. Ari ington House and the Quartermaster Corps, 1905 - 1914 / 116 a. Improvements in 1905 / 116 b. Improvements in 1906 / 119 (1) New Guttering and Spouting for Mansion / 120 (2) Painting Exterior of Mansion / 121 (3) Central Steam Heating System for Mansion / 122 (4) New Benches for Conservatory ( Room 116), South Wing / 125 (5) Installation of Telephone / 125 c. Improvements in 1907 / 125 (1) New Stable / 125 ( 2) New Water System for Fire Protecton / 126 d. Improvements in 1908 / 130 e. Improvements in 1909 / 135 f. Improvements in 191 O I 135 g. Improvements in 1911 / 136 h. Improvements in 1912 / 136 i. Improvements in 1913 / 136 j. Improvements in 1914 / 138 k. Summary of Expenditures for Repairs and Improvements, 1905-14 / 139 7. Arlington House and the Quartermaster Corps, 1915-20 / 140 8. Arlington House and the Quartermaster Corps, 1921-33 / 140 a. Improvements in 1921 / 140 b. Use of Rooms in Mansion, 1922 / 141 c. Preparation of Measured Drawings of Arlington House, 1923-24 / 143 d. Architectural Analysis of Arlington House, 1924 / 146 e. Improvements in 1923-24 / 148 f. Improvements to Arlington House, 1925-1933 / 150 IV. RESTORATION OF ARLINGTON HOUSE, 1920-1931 / 157 A. General History of the Restoration of Arlington House, 1920-31 / 164 B. Research for Arlington House Restoration, 1929-1930 / 181 C. Restoration of Arlington House, 1928-1931 / 184 1 • Exterior Restoration, 1928-31 / 184 a. Brick Floor and Stone Steps, East ( Front) Portico / 193 b. Balustrades on Roofs of North and South Wings / 194 c. Basement Windows / 195 iii d. Chimneys / 189 e. Pediment on East and West Facades of Main Building / 190 f. Roofing Materials for Mansion / 191 g. Shutters, Steps, and Roof Repairs / 191 h. Exterior Painting / 191 2. Interior Restoration, 1928-31 / 193 a. Removal of Memorials from Ari ington House / 193 b. Rewiring Mansion / 194 c. Removal of Kitchen Ranges and Plumbing / 195 d. New Heating System Installed in Outbuilding / 197 e. Installation of Automatic Fire Alarm System I 199 f. Metal Guard Rails for Rooms and Rubber Stair Mats / 201 g. Work in Attic / 202 h. Pol icy for Interior Restoration / 203 i. Floors / 204 j • Stairs / 2 O5 k. Repair of Interior Mill Work / 206 I. Interior Doors I 206 m. Replicas of "Colonial" ( Federal) Hardware / 207 n. Truss for Partition and Floor Construction over the White Parlor (Room 112) / 209 o. Partitions Between Rooms 108 and 109 / 21 O p. Rebuilding and Replastering of Brick Walls, Second Floor Main Hal I ( Room 201) / 210 q. Repairs to Plaster Walls, Ceilings, and Cornices / 211 r. Work on the Conservatory (Room 116), South Wing/ 211 s. Painting Interior of Mansion / 212 t. Searching for Rumored Mural in White Parlor ( Room 112) / 212 u. Restoration of Murals on Walls of Main Hall (Room 111) / 213 v. Conversion of Morning Room (Room 115) to "State Dining Room" / 216 w. Removal of Original Mantels / 216 x. Work on First Floor Mantels / 218 y. Work on Second Floor Mantels and Fireplace / 226 z. Basement (Room No. B0-3), Wine Cellar/ 227 D. General Summary, Restoration of Arlington House, 1928-31 / 228 1 • Exterior Work / 229 2. Interior Work / 230 V. USE OF ARLINGTON HOUSE, 1802-1933 / 235 A. Utilization, 1802 to May 15, 1861 / 235 B. Utilization, May 24, 1861 to June 15, 1864 / 235 C. Utilization, June 15, 1864 to August 9, 1933 / 236 D. Arlington House, August 10, 1933 to Date I 238 iv PREFACE This report has been prepared to satisfy the historical research needs as outlined in George Washington Memorial Parkway, Package No. 506, which requested the preparation of a historic structure report, historical data section for Arlington House, to cover the physical history of the Custis-Lee Mansion from 1802 to 1982. The purpose of the present study is to bring together available documentary evidence, including maps, plans, prints, and photographs, to facilitate the accurate restoration and interpretation of Arlington House as that structure appeared was utilized during the years from 1855 to 1861. This report is based on intensive research in the collections of the National Archives, the Library of Congress, and the Washington National Records Center at Suitland, Maryland. As part of this work, a catalog of 184 maps and plans in the National Archives Cartographic Division of Arlington House and grounds covering the period from 1874 to 1965 was prepared. Copies of 97 of these plans were obtained. Copies of 12 photographs, new to the research files of the park, were also acquired. More than 1,000 pages of documents covering the physical history of the house from 1864 to 1933 were copied, and a duplicate set of these manuscripts was compiled in two volumes were placed in the park research files. These two volumes are entitled as follows: 1. 11 Data Compiled from Record Group No. 92 - Records of the Office of the Quartermaster General, U.S. Army, in the National Archives, Washington, D.C., Relating to the Alteration, Repair, and Use of Arlington House (the Custis-Lee Mansion), in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia, From 1864 to 1915. 11 Charles W. Snell, Comp. , December 1981-January 1982. 2. 11 Data Compiled from Record Group No. 92, Records of the Office of the Quartermaster General, U.S. Army, in the National Archives at Washington Federal Records Center at Suitland, Maryland, and also from The Arlington House National Park Service Research Files, relating to the Alteration, Repair, Restoration, and Use of Arlington House from 1916 to 1935.
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