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State of Crime and Criminal Justice in Ohio

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State of Crime and Criminal Justice in Ohio 113877 U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of lhe National Institute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this ~d material has been 0 granted by ~ _Pub~~--.Omain/B~~ ___~ iI:lCIIII G) U,S, Department of Justi.ce 0 to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). S < CD Further reproduction outside of the NGJRS system requires permis­ nil ...... sion of the c~wn6r. ::s 0 ~ ......... ==ll en Z 0 OJ :l: ::!i c= () J]? m CD a ::t> 2: 0 0 If) 9 '0 -+> ~ G ...... en (: lJ 0 .... ~ 0 = ~. »:;d f~ ~ t,g CD 3 t;,!;o ~ 6 :it: S ~ ex> c::z::::o I:!!:mI:llI ~ ::s ~ 0=> -...J Ol ....... E!i!>' ~ ~ nil @ f/f§J 0 Z <"- ~ C ~ l> en (@; 0 !:!:. r= () ifiI CD ~ (J) CD b ...... ~. en () =;1 CDen = ...... 0 ~- m ~ ~ "-..! -~--~----------------------------- Contents Governor's Letter iii Acknowledgements iv Preface v Foreword vi Chapter 1 Ohioans' Views of Crime and Justice 1 Chapter 2 The Criminal Event 7 Chapter 3 The Criminal Offender 15 Chapter 4 Victims of Crime 23 Chapter 5 An Overview of Ohio's Criminal Justice System 29 Chapter 6 The Law Enforcement Function 35 Chapter 7 Prosecutiun and the Courts 45 Chapter 8 An Overview of Ohio Prison Systems 55 Chapter 9 Juvenile Justice in Ohio 65 Governor's Office of Chapter Authors: Criminal Justice Services Mark S. Davis RICHARD F. CELESTE David A. Faulconer GOVERNOR Jeffrey J. Knowles Brian E. Simms Michael J. Stringer Robert G. Swisher Director Bureau of Justice Statistics Jeffrey J. Knowles Project Monitor Research Administrator Marianne Zawitz This report was produced with the assist­ ance of a grant from the federal Bureau of Justice Statistics (#85 BJ ex K019). ii The State of Crime and Criminal Justice in Ohio Dear FJiend: If you have ever been bewildered by the workings of the criminal justice system, angered by what seems like a consistent pattern of injustice, or concerned about your personal safety, then I believe you will find much of interest and value in this report. For the first time, we have put between two covers a complete overview of crime and criminal justice in Ohio - beginning with our basic attitudes about crime and extending through the commission, investigation, prosecution and adjudication of criminal acts. The State 0/ Crime and Criminal Justice in Ohio report is unique in that it is based upon facts rather than theoJies, opinions or anecdotes. It is the statistical story of what really happens on a day-to-day, grass-roots level. The report provides impor­ tant information for all Ohioans. For example: • The incidence of crime in Ohio has been level or declining during the past decade. o The number and percentages of pJisoner paroles have significantly decreased. o Seventy percent of all persons charged with serious crimes in our courts are con- victed, and most of these go to jail or prison. o Compensation is available for victims of crime. In compiling thi~ report, my Office of Criminal Justice Services has made use of eight years of data from Ohio and other parts of the nation. The report is also of national importance - Ohio was one of two states chosen by the U.S. Department of Justice to produce such a document. Crime affects everyone. Like many of your families, mine has been touched by serious crime in recent years. This has strengthened my resolve to make Ohio a safer place to live. The information contained in this report is an important tool in making that goal a reality. Although the intention was to present this data as objectively as possible, please keep in mind that no statistic is free of the built in biases of society. This administration's goal is to coutinue to open up new doors and new opportunities through more jobs and better education - factors that create a better quality of life for all Ohioans. Sincerely, Richard F. Celeste Governor The State of Crime and Criminal Justice in Ohio iii Acknowledgements The State 0/ Crime and Criminal Jus­ Robert Hardy tice in Ohio began its formal develop­ Ohio Department of Rehabilitation ment in the fall of 1984, when Ohio and Correction was named as one of two states to receive special technical assistance J ann Heffner from the federal Bureau of Justice Ohio Department of Mental Health Statistics (BJS). To that end BJS COll­ vened a conference in Washington in Sue Lindgren December, 1984 and, in Ohio's case, Bureau of Justice Statistics provided on-site technical assistance on tWI) subsequent occasions. BJS Charles Mahoney also awarded Ohio a $30,000 produc­ Ohio Department of Mental Health tion grant in July of 1985, primarily to cover the unusually heavy printing Marilyn Monahan costs of the four-color document. U.S. Department of the Census From the beginning this report was Evalyn Parks designed to capitalize on the many Ohio Department of Rehabilitation successful features of the BJS Report and Correction to the Nation 011 Crime and JlIstice: The Data, published in 1983. Hence, Vickie Schneider Ohio has a triple indebtedness to BJS Inter-University Consortium for for its expertise, grant fund", and Political and Social Research model report. (University of Michigan) In addition to those persons cited at Robert Tinari the beginning of each chapter and in U.S. Department of the Census the footnotes, many people extended themselves beyond routine profes­ Stephan Vandine sional courtesy to make this report a Ohio Department of Rehabilitation reality. The following list attempts to and Correction give them credit for their much appreciated services: Paul Zolbi FBI Uniform Crime Reporting Patsy Clause Bureau of Justice Statistics Program Special operational support was also John Curry U.S. Department of the Census provided by Joan Harless, who pro­ vided editing, layout and proofread­ David Diroll ing services, and by Phil Lytle, Bar­ Governor's pr.son Crowding Project bara Sarvis, Vickie Martin and Kristen Smith of the Ohio Depart­ John Flickinger ment of Administrative Services, who Ohio Volunteer Peace Officer were instrumental in the printing and Association graphics phase of the project. Ann Graham FBI Uniform Crime Reporting Project iv The State of Crime and Criminal Justice in Ohio Preface The State of Crime and Criminal Jus­ of the criminal justice system: the tice in Ohio is the product or eight police, prosecution, courts, and cor­ years of data collection and two years rections. Finally, the report looks at of intensive analysis, requiring thou­ the often separate world of juvenile sands of work hours and hundreds of justice. thousands of research dollars. It also represents a significant investment of More than anything else, however, time and money by the Federal The State of Crime and Criminal Jus­ Bureau of Justice Statistics, which tice in Ohio is a statistical description chose Ohio as one of only two states of crime and justice as they regularly to produce such a report. The result is affect the lives of Ohio's citizens and Ohio's first comprehensive, statistical officials. Because of this, the report overview of crime and criminal may frequently conflict with widely justice. held beliefs about crime and justice This report is structured to reflect which are based on incidents that are both the nature of crime and the well publicized but statistically rare. sequence of the criminal justice sys­ Only during the last couple of years tem in Ohio. It begins with an over­ have the quality of, and accessibility view of citizen attitudes about crime. to, criminal justice information The report then moves to the criminal reached a point where a comprehen­ event itself, including the key actors sive report such as this is possible. It in that event-the criminal and the is hoped that it will provide the begin­ victim. At this point the reader is ning of a better understanding of this introduced to the central components often misunderstood subject. The State of Crime and Criminal Justice in Ohio v Foreword The criminal justice system is providing most of the professional The State of Crime and Criminal Jus­ designed to perform many socially staffing. The courts-inferior and tice in Ohio is a compendium of vital desirable and legislatively mandated superior-adjudicate and sentence, statistics obtained from the several functions: to protect the public, to investigate and dispose with judges administration of justice agencies, prevent and deter personal, property sitting at the apex of a hierarchy of carefully analyzed and well pres­ and public order offenses, to appre­ personnel-referees, court adminis­ ented. This massive effort, which hend and prosecute violators, to trators, bailiffs and probation officers. included field survey and attitude restore victims to their pre-offense Corrections includes a formidable data, will be a useful resource to all status (to make victims "whole" array of agencies and services-incar­ decision-makers in the criminal jus­ again), to give suspected offenders ceration, parole, halfway houses, pre­ tice process in Ohio. Two aspects of "due process," and to punish, incapac­ release centers and employs physi­ this report deserve special note. The itate, rehabilitate, and correct persons cians, nurses, educators, psycholo­ first concerns the administration of convicted of major offenses. These gists, in addition to the more visible justice funnel or what happens to per­ legitimate demands on the system­ custody personnel. The entire system sons arrested for major crimes in and the ever present tensions inher­ i.s complex and very costly, and the Ohio based on the outcomes in a ent in performing all these and other various systems and sub-units fre­ statewide cohort of 2493 serious functions efficiently and cost effec­ quently mesh poorly.
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