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*PUB DATE Jun 82 ) DOCUMENT RESUME. % ED 218 O53 4 RC 013 463 AUTHOR Cronk, Shanler.D., Ed.; An_Others TITLE Criminal Justice in Rural America. INSTITUTION Tennessee Univ.; Knoxville. School of Social Work. SPONS AGENCY DepartMent of Justice, Washington, D.C. Natiohtl Inst. of Justice. 4 *PUB DATE Jun 82" . CONTRACT 9-1363-J-LEAA NOTE 242p.; For related document, see ED 205 352. -EDRS -PRDCE -1 MF01/PC10 Plus Postage. DESCRIVTORS.. Battered Women'; Charige Strategies;- Community Involvement; *Correctional Institutions; *Courts; *Crime; *Criminals; Delinquency; Due ,process;yamily 0 Problems; Group Therapy; *Law;Entorcement; Needs -Assessment; Police; ,*Rural Areas; Victims 9,f*Crime IDENTIFIERS *Criminal Justice System; Legal Reference - Materials ABSTRACT .Fifteeripapers (largely from, the 1979 National. Sympbsium on Rural Justice) explore rural crime, criminals, and the rrural'criminal,justice system (law enforcement, courts and the legal pr.ocess, and jails and corrections). Each section begins with a synthesis. Part I csntains two papers: 'ie addresses past research andfuture direction.of rural crime, criminals,c and delinquents; the other looks at rural victimization in a southern state. Part DI is divided into three sections: (1) law enforcement; (2) rural courts and the legal process4 and (3)"jails and corrections. The first . section provides a perspective on rural Crimesancrlaw enforcement,';. _changing patterns inlav, encotceofent using the,county sheriff as-a case study, an epproachrto enhancement of rural Nlaw enforcement, and a community ipprodchAo spouse abuse. The following section provides research on rural criminal'justice, models for court °Orations in rural areas, criminal defense.in rural' America, and rural pretrial services.-The lestsection discuSses:,problems, people, and solutions for rural jails; a needs assessment fbr small jails; te=nationel strategy for c4Age in rural jails; a description of the Maiengw., Count,Jail InMate Program; and the philosphy and application.of- gr p ps-Ydhotherapy,in regional correctional.e4Stings: (All) o O ( ******************************.*!*************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best thdf can be made * * from the original document. *********************************************************************** U. SI.Departmerit of Justice National Institute:of Justice OffiCe of IleveloPment Testing.and Dissemination4 _ I- riminal 4ustice in Rural Amerida ., ° 0 fit .. a publication'of the National Instituteof- Justic U S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as 11 received from the person or organization odginating it Minor changes have been made to improve rroduction quality Pointsofview or opinions stated in this docu merit do not necessarily represent official NIE position or policy ., r 14. 4 About'ehe Nat ionalInstitute of Justice .11 The National Instituteof Justice is a research, development,, and evaluation center within the U.SDepartment of Justice. Established in '2. '1979 by the 'Jd'stice System Improvement Act, NIJ builds'upon the foundation . laid by.theformer Nabio,nalInstitute of Law Enforcement and Criminal .. Justice, the first majdr Federal 'research program.on drime and justice. Carrying out the mandate atsigned by"Congress, the National Institute./ r . of Justice: , .. 1 , Sponsors research and development to improve and strengthen the criminaljusticesyStemandrelated civil justice asptts, with a balanced program of basic and applied research. Evaluates the effectiveness offederalyL-funded justice improvement ,programs and identifies progeams that promise to.be.successful ... - '.if continued -or repeated; . Tests and demonstrates new and improved approaches to strengthen . the jusice'system, aiid.r.eco'6and6 actions thatcan be taken ..by . ' '.Federal;`- State,andAlocalgoveinfAhls'and rfivalorganization's '.. ...,.- .0d individuals.. 'to aidhieva this'goal. ,--,, . ,.. , :: Aisseminatesin4orM6tjori 4om researchodgimoAttratIons,. evalusatidns,. - .. ...'and spaial..-'pA'AtO.Pecle...-41,.Siatie,an0 local4cernmnfs14 : . , , -, . .60 terves as-an international clearinghouseof iu iceinformatilon. .. - '---., .1 .9 -ct %; ., TraTi4scriminal. jlthice) p[acti tioners, 4n researdt -and evaluatIon ?. :,:-., L, JfindinganO'assi , s the,reSearchcommunity 'throughferlowsliqis,, and special seipinars. ' . - .r . o 2 . '- OP Authority.for adMinistering.the Institute .gmq awarding g$ants, contracts,- and cooperative agreements Is vested lOthe RIJ.J?irector i6 consulation, with a 21-Member Advis,ory'BOard. The Board recommends policiesand priorlties'end advi-Ses on-ker review procedures. ,,. ,. NIJ is 'authorized to -support researsh'and experimentation dealing with .,.. the full range of criminal justiceiss4s and 'related civil justice matters., A portion of its resources gd.es to support work on these long- k V % 4 range-priprifies: . t \f ' Correlates of Crime and determinants of criminal behavior Vidlent crime and the violent offender Comunity crime prevention - career criminals and habitual offenders . Utilization and deploymente.of.police resources . i . 41 e - : Pretrial proceSe: consistency, fairness, and delay- reduction Sentencing 0 0*-- Rehabilitation Oeterrence v p- )erformance.standards and measures for criminal justice Reports-of NIJ-sponsored-;tud,ies are reviewed byIRsitute officials , and staff. the views 0f/outside expects knowledgeable in the report's Sfibject area are also obtained. Publication indi.cates that the report wets the standards of quality, buy it signifies no'endorsement of conciusions.Or'recommendations. James L. Unilewood "., Att.4-N.,(\ C 0 - Critninal Justice in Rural America v . Salvor Editor '.Shanler D. COnk,, -Assistant Attothey General State ol Nebraska w. 1 4 Associatd Editors Joanne JankOvic Assistant Professor University of Tennessee School ofSocial Work , t , Ronald K. Green DireCtor Office of Continuing Social Work Education University of Tennessee School of Sdcial Work elk I ti e June 1982 4' U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Jusfice 1 `4. 4 tt, It National In tituteof Justice James L Underwood Actin Director I v, .1 a 9. , Thts project was supported by Contract Number 9-1363-J-LEAA, awarded to the University of Tennessee, by the National Institute of Justice, U. S. Department of Justice, under the Omnrus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act,of 1968, as amended. Points ofview or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reriresent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. a. .a The National Institute of Justice reserves the right to reproduce, 9, publish, translate, or otherwise use and to authorize others to', publish and use all or any part ot the copyrightedmaterial con- tained in this publication. Copyright1981 b'1' the Qffice'Of Continuing Social Woric Educa- tion, the Univeriity of TennesseeSchool of Social Work, the Uni- versity of Tennessee, Knoxville. fir aT e 5r, 4 t a :17ABLE :OF, CONTENTS / °Page -Contril;utor )\.- i Preface 6 . t I Acknowledgmentt . , ' PART I. RURAL CRIME AND RURAL cRimINALs Introduction to Part I ., Chapter I ral Erime, Rue&CriMinals, Rural De nquents:Past Research and Future Dictions, JOHN R. WARNER, JR. VW Chapter II Rural Victimization in a Southern State, 29 "JAMES B. MOORE-and RAYMOND H. C.., tESKE, JR. am, PART II. THE RURAL CRIMINACJUS ICE SYSTEM 41 .I nfrodEiction to Part II '43 .. Section I LAWS ,gNFORCEMEN o." 45 Introduction to Sec,ion /I %. .. 147 Chapter III. Rural 0:rime andaw Enforcementt: 49 A .Perspective, ST VEN M. WARD t , Chapter Changing Patterfnsi Dural Law 69 -Enforcement;The oprity Sheriff as a Case.Study, RO ER HANDBERG and .CHARLES M. UNKOVIC ChaperV. An Approach* to Enhance Rural Law 83 . Enfordement, NAMES VETTER Chapt VI. Spouse Assault:A ComMunity Approacn,. 93 4 'DAVID R. YODkR 'r Section 'II. RURAL, COURTS.N''' LEGAL PROCESS -101 I ntroductiOn to Section II 103 Chapter .Research.on,Rw&c.riminal.JusticeC 195 A S:urivrtary., 'JAMES EISENSTEIN , Chapter VIIcl.In Search' of Models foi Court Operations 147 . 9.. In Rural Areas, TED FETTER 1 -1* 1, a * I Page 'Chapter IX.' . Criminal Defqnse,in PluralAmerica, 159 . HOWARD' B. sElSENBER'G . %thaptei-7.X. Rural Pretrial' Services\ST-EPHENF. 173 WHEELER . Section III.JAILS AND CORRECTIONS 15.5 4 . Intl-oductionto Secition 1411 187 Chapter Xl. The Rural Jail:Its Peoplk; Problems 189., and :Solutions-, KEN KERLE 1. ChapterXII. A Needs Assessment for Shall Jails in 205 the United Stites, RODMILLER , Chapter XIII. A. National Strategy for Change inRural 231' 'Jails, PAUL A. KATSAMPES Chaptr XIV. Marengo County Jail inmateServices 243' ,\ PrOgram, MICHAELHALEY and W. ) , ,Chapter:XV. Group Psythotherapy ina Regional Cor- 249. rectfons Setting:Philosophy and Applica- tion; DAN LAWRENCEand Jt:)Y.CE 5 1311S"NEN "s ' 41% 5" A th. 4 CONTRIBUTORSt% HOWARD B. EISENBERG is Executive Director of the NatiOna1Legal Aid and Defender. AssocN3tion in Washrnthop, D. C: . JAMES, EISENSTEIN is ProfessoN Of Political Soienceat PennsylVaniarState University,- University Parlk,' Pennsylvania. isHEOD,ORE J. FETTER is theCourt Administrator for the State of Wyoming Supr-'eme Court in Cheyenne, MICHAEL HALEY is Judicial Counsefor and Coordinatorof Law Enforcement * Services at the West Alabama Mental Health Center inDemopolis, Alabama. He a-l-sro serves as consultant to the MarengoCounty Jail. ROGER HANDBERG is Professor ofPolitical Science and Associate
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