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En Penmngkunde
JAARBOEK VOOR Munt- en Penmngkunde 52/53 1965/ 1966 KONINKIIJK NEDERLANDS GENOOTSCHAP VOOR MUNT- EN PENNINGKUNDE AMSTERDAM Commissie van redactie: Dr. H. Enno van Gelder, Voorburg Drs. G. van der Meer, 's-Gravenhage Alle correspondentie betreffende redactie en administratie te richten aan het Secretariaat: Zeestraat 71b, 's-Gravenhage. 52 MUNTVONDSTEN HerkenWh 1965 - Bij het aanleggen van aspergebedden op een stuk grond enkele kilometers buiten Herkenbosch (L.) aan de weg naar Roermond zijn in 1965 in een bouwvoor 22 koperen Romeinse munten gevonden1. Later is er nog een bijgekomen, zodat het totale aantal thans 23 bedraagt. Er zijn geen resten aangetroffen van een potje of ander omhulsel waarin de munten kunnen hebben gezeten. Aangezien er echter ook geen verdere sporen uit de Romeinse tijd zijn gevonden mag toch met zekerheid worden aangenomen dat het hier een gesloten vondst betreft van munten die tesamen en tegelijkertijd verborgen zijn De schat- vondst heeft de volgende samenstelling: Trier 330-335 kz. GLORIA EXERCITVS twijg Constantinus I aes III, portret Constantinus II, HK 81-2 mei-augustus 350 kz. GLORIA ROMANORVM TÏÏPU Magnentius aes II, CK55, Bastien 32 H^ Magnentius aes II, CK55, Bastien 33 351-augustus 352 kz. VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAES Ti? Decentius aes II, cf. CK 59, Bastien 65 TRP? Magnentius of Decentius aes II, cf. CK 58 of 59, cf. Bastien 64 e.v. Trier? Magnentius aes II, cf. CK 58, cf. Bastien 64 e.v. begin-10 augustus 353 kz. SALVS DD NN AVG ET CAES Tl? Magnentius aes I, CK 62, Bastien 84 TÏÏF Magnentius aes I, CK 62, Bastien 88 (2 ex.) HERKENBOSCH 53 TRP Magnentius (Decentius?) aes I, CK 62 (63?), Bastien 88 (89?) TRP Decentius aes I,CK 63, Bastien 89 TRP of TiF. -
The Cambridge Companion to Age of Constantine.Pdf
The Cambridge Companion to THE AGE OF CONSTANTINE S The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine offers students a com- prehensive one-volume introduction to this pivotal emperor and his times. Richly illustrated and designed as a readable survey accessible to all audiences, it also achieves a level of scholarly sophistication and a freshness of interpretation that will be welcomed by the experts. The volume is divided into five sections that examine political history, reli- gion, social and economic history, art, and foreign relations during the reign of Constantine, a ruler who gains in importance because he steered the Roman Empire on a course parallel with his own personal develop- ment. Each chapter examines the intimate interplay between emperor and empire and between a powerful personality and his world. Collec- tively, the chapters show how both were mutually affected in ways that shaped the world of late antiquity and even affect our own world today. Noel Lenski is Associate Professor of Classics at the University of Colorado, Boulder. A specialist in the history of late antiquity, he is the author of numerous articles on military, political, cultural, and social history and the monograph Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century ad. Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 The Cambridge Companion to THE AGE OF CONSTANTINE S Edited by Noel Lenski University of Colorado Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo Cambridge University Press 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011-4211, usa www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521818384 c Cambridge University Press 2006 This publication is in copyright. -
Collector's Checklist for Roman Imperial Coinage
Liberty Coin Service Collector’s Checklist for Roman Imperial Coinage (49 BC - AD 518) The Twelve Caesars - The Julio-Claudians and the Flavians (49 BC - AD 96) Purchase Emperor Denomination Grade Date Price Julius Caesar (49-44 BC) Augustus (31 BC-AD 14) Tiberius (AD 14 - AD 37) Caligula (AD 37 - AD 41) Claudius (AD 41 - AD 54) Tiberius Nero (AD 54 - AD 68) Galba (AD 68 - AD 69) Otho (AD 69) Nero Vitellius (AD 69) Vespasian (AD 69 - AD 79) Otho Titus (AD 79 - AD 81) Domitian (AD 81 - AD 96) The Nerva-Antonine Dynasty (AD 96 - AD 192) Nerva (AD 96-AD 98) Trajan (AD 98-AD 117) Hadrian (AD 117 - AD 138) Antoninus Pius (AD 138 - AD 161) Marcus Aurelius (AD 161 - AD 180) Hadrian Lucius Verus (AD 161 - AD 169) Commodus (AD 177 - AD 192) Marcus Aurelius Years of Transition (AD 193 - AD 195) Pertinax (AD 193) Didius Julianus (AD 193) Pescennius Niger (AD 193) Clodius Albinus (AD 193- AD 195) The Severans (AD 193 - AD 235) Clodius Albinus Septimus Severus (AD 193 - AD 211) Caracalla (AD 198 - AD 217) Purchase Emperor Denomination Grade Date Price Geta (AD 209 - AD 212) Macrinus (AD 217 - AD 218) Diadumedian as Caesar (AD 217 - AD 218) Elagabalus (AD 218 - AD 222) Severus Alexander (AD 222 - AD 235) Severus The Military Emperors (AD 235 - AD 284) Alexander Maximinus (AD 235 - AD 238) Maximus Caesar (AD 235 - AD 238) Balbinus (AD 238) Maximinus Pupienus (AD 238) Gordian I (AD 238) Gordian II (AD 238) Gordian III (AD 238 - AD 244) Philip I (AD 244 - AD 249) Philip II (AD 247 - AD 249) Gordian III Trajan Decius (AD 249 - AD 251) Herennius Etruscus -
Calendar of Roman Events
Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th. -
The Monumental Villa at Palazzi Di Casignana and the Roman Elite in Calabria (Italy) During the Fourth Century AD
The Monumental Villa at Palazzi di Casignana and the Roman Elite in Calabria (Italy) during the Fourth Century AD. by Maria Gabriella Bruni A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classical Archaeology in the GRADUATE DIVISION of the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Committee in Charge Professor Christopher H. Hallett, Chair Professor Ronald S. Stroud Professor Anthony W. Bulloch Professor Carlos F. Noreña Fall 2009 The Monumental Villa at Palazzi di Casignana and the Roman Elite in Calabria (Italy) during the Fourth Century AD. Copyright 2009 Maria Gabriella Bruni Dedication To my parents, Ken and my children. i AKNOWLEDGMENTS I am extremely grateful to my advisor Professor Christopher H. Hallett and to the other members of my dissertation committee. Their excellent guidance and encouragement during the major developments of this dissertation, and the whole course of my graduate studies, were crucial and precious. I am also thankful to the Superintendence of the Archaeological Treasures of Reggio Calabria for granting me access to the site of the Villa at Palazzi di Casignana and its archaeological archives. A heartfelt thank you to the Superintendent of Locri Claudio Sabbione and to Eleonora Grillo who have introduced me to the villa and guided me through its marvelous structures. Lastly, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my husband Ken, my sister Sonia, Michael Maldonado, my children, my family and friends. Their love and support were essential during my graduate -
THE WORLD of COINS an Introduction to Numismatics
THE WORLD OF COINS An Introduction to Numismatics Jeff Garrett Table of Contents The World of Coins .................................................... Page 1 The Many Ways to Collect Coins .............................. Page 4 Series Collecting ........................................................ Page 6 Type Collecting .......................................................... Page 8 U.S. Proof Sets and Mint Sets .................................... Page 10 Commemorative Coins .............................................. Page 16 Colonial Coins ........................................................... Page 20 Pioneer Gold Coins .................................................... Page 22 Pattern Coins .............................................................. Page 24 Modern Coins (Including Proofs) .............................. Page 26 Silver Eagles .............................................................. Page 28 Ancient Coins ............................................................. Page 30 World Coins ............................................................... Page 32 Currency ..................................................................... Page 34 Pedigree and Provenance ........................................... Page 40 The Rewards and Risks of Collecting Coins ............. Page 44 The Importance of Authenticity and Grade ............... Page 46 National Numismatic Collection ................................ Page 50 Conclusion ................................................................. Page -
View and Stated That This Imagery Might Us a Date from Which to Work Backwards
Usurping a Usurper: the Revolt of Poemenius at Trier Walter C Holt After him, Poemenius...was the man...who was chosen to protect his fellow-citizens when Trier closed its gates against Decentius Caesar.i The name ‘Poemenius’ is not one that would be familiar to most numismatists; in fact, it would probably not be familiar to a great many ancient his- torians either. Yet it is through his actions that we have today one of the more interesting issues of coins to survive from the Roman Imperial period. All that remains of this conse- quential moment in Roman history is a solitary sentence in a partially lost work of Ammianus Marcellinus and a Fig 1. Map of Principal cities. Created by author. few rare coins lost and hoarded long ago. to Britain in 343, Constans was seen as The Roman Empire was once again an ineffective ruler and ill-admired by his united under Constantine I ‘the Great’ (AD court, the military and his subjects alike. A 307–337; Fig 1), and on his death the empire combination of his fanatical and aggressive was inherited by his three sons. Constantine manner and his unacceptable proclivities II received control of the western areas, and vices (at least one source calling them Constans the central parts as well as North ‘criminal’)ii led to a coup in January 350. Africa, and Constantius II the eastern At the celebrations for the birthday of regions. Constantine launched an attack on the son of Marcellinus, Constans’ comes rei the youngest brother’s adjacent territories privatae (Count of the Private [imperial] and was soundly defeated with the elder Purse), one of Constans’ generals presented brother perishing in the fighting. -
Book IV. Title LVIII.1 Concerning Actions Given by Edicts of The
Book IV. Title LVIII.1 Concerning actions given by edicts of the aediles. (De aediliciis actionibus.) Headnote. Warranties in sales. 1. For warranty against eviction , see C. 8.44.8 note. And there was an ancient action for deficiency in acreage. Paul 2. 17. 4. Aside from that, the rule of caveat emptor applied in classical law, and there was no regress as to secret defects, except: (1) when there was an express warranty; (2) if the vendor was guilty of fraud, resulting in damage. Failure to disclose material defects, known to the vendor, or knowingly to keep the vendee in an error, as to quantity, quality or condition (including burdens), early gave rise to an action on the contract. Cic., De off. 3.58-60; D. 4.3.37), and, in later law, (instead of that action), in an action on the contract (ex empto). Paul 2.17.6; Vat. 13. 2. A markedly different rule was made by the aedile, market supervisor, under edicts issued by him, as to property sold in the public market, and at first applied as to slaves. He required certain defects to be disclosed, and a stipulation warranting against them (and against eviction) to be given, and gave actions for a limited time, designed to enforce the giving of the stipulation. D. 21.1.28. Later all corporeal defects of animals sold in the public market, not minor in character, were required to be disclosed. D. 21.1.38 pr. Furthermore, the aedile came to imply a warranty against such defects, and gave an action for rescission (redhibitio) for 6 months, and an action for the difference in value and price (quanti minoris) in 12 months, if such defects appeared in the meantime. -
A Numismatic Iconographical Study of Julian the Apostate
A Revolutionary or a Man of his Time? A Numismatic Iconographical Study of Julian the Apostate Master’s Thesis in Classical Archaeology and Ancient History, Spring 2018 Department of Archaeology and Ancient History Lund University Author: Nicolas Frendin Supervisor: Henrik Gerding 2 Abstract Julian the Apostate’s short rule has left in the historical records a clearly divisive picture. This thesis starts with that divisive nature of the reign of Rome’s last pagan emperor and aims to analyse some of the Apostate’s coinage iconography. Can the symbols used on the coins minted during his reign say something about his allegedly revolutionary rule? By choosing to focus on a set of ten symbols found of Julian’s coins, this thesis was subsequently divided in a three-phased analysis in order to approach the subject. Julian’s coin iconography was first analysed in comparison to the totality of the Roman Emperors, stretching back to Octavian/Augustus. The second step was to put Julian’s rule within its own context and compare his coinage iconography to that of his predecessors in his own family, the second Flavian dynasty. The last step was to observe the changes during Julian’s two periods of time in power: being first a Caesar – subordinate to his cousin Constantius II – and later on the sole ruler/Augustus. Julian’s iconography was also compared to Constantius’. The results tend to show that most of Julian’s coin iconography could be characterised as conventional. The true departures can be divided into either obvious or surprising ones. 3 Contents -
1849, Open Wreath, Small Head
SOUTHERN GOLD DOLLARS 1849-C, Closed Wreath Mintage: 11,634 Graded NGC: 99 total, Mint State 31, Finest MS64 (2) The 1849-C Closed Wreath variety can be considered quite scarce in any grade. High grade examples are usually prooflike in appearance but can be difficult to grade due to convex obverse fields (giving the coin a bulged look), which can be confused with damage. Low grade pieces are the norm, with Mint State coins being very rare. The 1849-C Closed Wreath design is scarce in all grades, but it is the only collectible Charlotte Mint gold dollar for the year that is practical to collect. The finest example seen is an MS64 coin that was discovered by me in 2014, and later sold at auction in 2015 for $49,350. 1849-C, Open Wreath Mintage: Unknown and included as part of the 1849-C, Close Wreath Graded NGC: 2 total, Mint State 0, Finest XF45 (1) This issue must be considered the “king” of all gold dollars and is one of the rarest U.S. gold coins. The Charlotte Mint was the only branch mint to receive the new Close Wreath dies in time to strike the 1849-dated coins. All other branch-mint issues are found with Open Wreath designs only. Probably just a handful of coins were struck in Charlotte with the Open Wreath dies. Waldo Newcomer discovered the variety sometime before 1933. It is estimated that currently five are known to exist, the finest being an MS63, which sold for $493,500 in April, 2015. -
2018 Transline Product Price List Visit for Complete Product Detail
List Creation Date Sunday, May 20, 2018 2018 Transline Product Price List Visit www.translinesupply.com for complete product detail ITEM # Vend # Trade Name UPC / Product MSRP Wholesale Qty 2 Price 2 Qty 3 Price 3 Shipping & Transportation>Tapes & Dispensers 1514 497825 3M - Tartan Box Sealing Tape $4.55 $3.0536 $2.800 72 $2.550 1518 375 3M - Scotch Box Sealing Tape 3M Clear $11.12 $7.2036 $6.600 72 $6.110 1524 371018 3M - Tartan Filament Tape 3/4"x60 yards 8934 Clear $5.00 $3.7548 $3.130 96 $2.800 1526 371579 3M - Tartan Filament Tape 1"x60yards $6.15 $4.6036 $3.990 72 $3.500 1528 474096 3M - Tartan Filament Tape 2"x60 yards $11.65 $9.9024 $9.300 48 $7.800 1540 893 3M 371563 - Scotch Filament Tape 1" x 60 yards $16.75 $12.5036 $12.000 72 $11.730 1542 893-1540 3M - Scotch Filament Tape 2" x 60 yards $37.50 $25.1024 $23.900 48 $22.700 1564 673006: 250 Grad Central - Reinforced Tape $15.50 $10.5010 $9.550 20 $8.750 1582 H-190 3M - Scotch Tape Dispenser $24.00 $14.40 1586 376290 3M - 1" Strapping Tape Dispenser 3M-H-10 $23.50 $14.10 Shipping & Transportation>Envelope Mailers & Box Mailers 2135 240140107 MMF 078541220171 - Coin Roll Shipper Box - Cent Bulk $79.35 $51.503 $47.690 2136 240140508 MMF 078541220584 - Coin Roll Shipper Box - Nickel bulk $79.35 $51.503 $47.690 2137 240141002 MMF 078541221024 - Coin Roll Shipper Box - Dime Bulk $76.30 $51.503 $47.690 2138 240142516 MMF 078541222557 - Coin Roll Shipper Box - Quarter Bulk $79.35 $51.503 $47.690 2139 240141101 MMF - Coin Roll Shipper Box - Dollar Bulk $79.35 $51.503 $47.690 1400 FOS-8FX16F -
The Experiences and Education of the Emperor Julian and How It
COMPANION TO THE GODS, FRIEND TO THE EMPIRE: THE EXPERIENCES AND EDUCATION OF THE EMPEROR JULIAN AND HOW IT INFLUE NCED HIS REIGN Marshall Lilly Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS August 2014 APPROVED: Christopher Fuhrmann, Major Professor Laura Stern, Committee Member Robert Citino, Committee Member Richard McCaslin, Chair of the Department of History Mark Wardell, Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School Lilly, Marshall. Companion to the Gods, Friend to the Empire: The Experiences and Education of the Emperor Julian and How It Influenced His Reign 361-363 A.D. Master of Arts (History), August 2014, 108 pp., bibliography, 114 titles. This thesis explores the life and reign of Julian the Apostate the man who ruled over the Roman Empire from A.D. 361-363. The study of Julian the Apostate’s reign has historically been eclipsed due to his clash with Christianity. After the murder of his family in 337 by his Christian cousin Constantius, Julian was sent into exile. These emotional experiences would impact his view of the Christian religion for the remainder of his life. Julian did have conflict with the Christians but his main goal in the end was the revival of ancient paganism and the restoration of the Empire back to her glory. The purpose of this study is to trace the education and experiences that Julian had undergone and the effects they it had on his reign. Julian was able to have both a Christian and pagan education that would have a lifelong influence on his reign.