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Die Römischen Auxiliarformationen Im Unteren Donauraum

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Die Römischen Auxiliarformationen Im Unteren Donauraum SBORNlK PRACf FILOSOFICKß FAKULTY BRNENSKß UNIVERSITY E-15 (1970) JAN BENES DIE RÖMISCHEN AUXILIARFORMATIONEN IM UNTEREN DONAURAUM Bereits etliche Jahrzehnte gehörte zu den unerlässlichen Studiumbestandteilen der römischen Provinzen auch die Problematik der römischen Armee in den Grenz­ gebieten des Imperiums. Die folgende Abhandlung zielt lediglich auf eine dieser Fragen hin — auf die Dislokation der römischen Auxiliartruppen im unteren Donauraum im Verlauf der ersten drei Jahrhunderte u. Z. Geographisch verstehen wir unter diesem Begriff alle an die Donau angrenzenden Gelände von Belgrad (Singidunum) bis zu ihrer Mündung, im Süden bis zum Gebirgskamm am Balkan, nördlich dann alle zu Tra- jans Dakien gehörende Gegenden. Methodisch knüpft diese Arbeit an ältere, dieser oder ähnlicher Problematik ge­ widmete (vom Gebiets- und vom Standpunkt der Zeit gewissermassen abweichend eingestellte) Publikationen, die hier aus Raumersparungsgründen im Text und in Anmerkungen in den unten angeführten Abkürzungen angegeben sind;*) es ist not­ wendig vornehmlich an die fundamentale Arbeit W. Wagners über die Dislokation römischer Auxiliarformationen in allen Donauprovinzen aus dem Jahr 1938 und an die die Auxilien in Mösien behandelnde Studie B. Filovs aus dem Jahr 1906 zu erin­ nern. In der tschechischen fachlichen Produktion wurde ein ähnliches Thema nie­ mals, auch nicht als Randarbeit, behandelt. Das nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg durch systematische archäologische Erfor­ schungen, Entdeckungen neuer Inschriften und Militärdiplome (ferner nur: MD) unaufhörlich anwachsende Quellenmaterial sowie die neue ausländische wissen­ schaftliche, mit neuen methodischen Verfahren ausgestattete Produktion ermögli­ chen in so mancher Hinsicht die Erkenntnisse der gegebenen Problematik der auf­ grund im wesentlichen bis zum Jahr 1967 abgeschlossenen Forschungen zu vertiefen und zu präzisieren. Die Geschichte der uns bekannten Auxilien sind im Rahmen kleiner Einheiten behandelt und aus mehr oder weniger stabilisierten Gründen alphabetisch den Ein­ heitsbenennungen nach gereiht; die abschliessend angegliederten Dislokationstabel­ len fassen dann die Hauptangaben über den Aufenthalt der Einheiten und ihre Ver­ schiebungen in den Provinzen des unteren Donauraumes und in den angrenzenden und entfernteren Gebieten des Imperiums zusammen. *) Abkürzungverzeichnis: AArchH = Acta archeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Budapest Aep = L'annee epigraphique, Paris Apulum = Apulum (Studii si comunicäri — Acta Musei Regionalis Apulensis), Alba Iulia Archeologija = Organ na Archeologiceskija institut i muzej pri Bälgarskata akademija na naukite, Sofia 160 J. BUXES Archeologia = Rocznik Instytutu historii kultury materialnej Polskej akademii nauk, Warszawa, Wroclaw Cichorius, Ala = Ernst Cichoriua: Ala. — In: REAW, I, Stuttgart 1893, Sp. 1224 — 1270 Cichorius, Cohors = Ernst Cichorius: Cohors. — In: REAW, VII. Hlbd., Stuttgart 1900, Sp. 231-356 CIL = Corpus Inacriptionum Latinarum CIL XVI (Suppl.) = H. Nesselhauf, Corpus Diplomatum Militarium, Berolini 1936 (Supple- mentum 1955) Filov = Boris Filov: PomoStnite vojski na rimskata provincija Mizija. — In: IBAD, II, Sofia 1906, S. 41-90 Gerov, Romanizmät = Boris Gerov: Romanizmät mezdu Dunaya i Balkana, I, II. — In: Go- diänik na Sofijskija universitet, istoriko-filologifteski fakultet, 1949, 1950/1952 Christescu = Vasile Christescu: Istoriä militarä a Daciei romane, Bucuresti 1937 IAI — Izvestija na Archeologiöeskija institut, Sofia IBAD = Izvestija na Bälgarsko archeologi&esko druzestvo, Sofia IG Bulg. = Inscriptiones Graecae in Bulgaria repertae (edidit G. Mihailov) Sofia ILS = H. Dessau: Inscriptiones Latinae selectae, Berolini 1892—1916 JOeAI = Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Institutes, Wien JRS = The Journal of Roman Studies, London Kazarow, Thrak. Reitergott = Gawril I. Kazarow: Die Denkmäler des Thrakischen Reitergottes in Bulgarien, Dissertationes Pannonicae, Budapest 1938 Kraft = Konrad Kraft: Zur Rekrutierung der Alen und Kohorten an Rhein und Donau, Bern 1951 Materiale = Materiale si cercetäri archeologice, Bucuresti Ritterling = E. Ritterling: Legio. - In: REAW, XII, Sp. 1186 — 1829 Radnöti = A. Radnöti: Zur Dislokation der Auxiliartruppen in den Donauprovinzen. — In: Limes-Studien, Basel 1959 SCIV = Studii si cercetäri de istorie veche, Bucuresti Szilägyi = Szilägyi Janos: Die Besatzungen des Verteidigungssystems von Dazien und ihre Ziegelstempel, Budapest 1946 Sasel, ILIug. = Anna et Jaro Saäel: Inscriptiones Latinae quae in Iugoslavia inter annos MCMXL et MCMLX repertae et editae sunt, Ljubljana 1963 Wagner = Walter Wagner: Die Dislokation der römischen Auxiliarformationen in den Provinzen Noricum, Pannonien, Moesien und Dakien von Augustus bis Gallienus, Berlin 1938 ALAE 1. ALA I ALPINORUM IN DACIA? Die Stempel ALIAI aus der Umge­ bung von Sarmisegethusa interpretiert Szilägyi (S. 26, 52, 66, 69) als al(a) I Al(pi- norum). 2. ALA ANTIANA = ALA GALLORUM ET THRACUM ANTIANA war scheinbar schon in den J. 45—46 in Mösien und wurde mit anderen westlichen Auxilien hierher disloziert (z. B. ala Pansiana). In CIL XVI 3 vom J. 54 hatte sie die Benennung; ala Gall(orum) et Thracum Antiana.1 1 Wagner, S. 41; Gerov, Romanizmät I, S. 40; Germania 41, 1963/2, S. 327. 3. ALA I ASTURUM war im J. 99 inMoesia Inf. (CIL XVI 45), scheinbar im Umkreis der legio I Italica, seit 119 in Dacia Inf. im Kastell Hoghiz (die Stempel ALAS und ein neues MD aus Palamarcia vom 13. XII. 140). Ungefähr vom Ende des II. Jhd. lagerte sie in Germisara (Cigmäu).2 * Cichorius, Ala, Sp. 1230-1231; Füov, S. 61-62; Wagner, S. 10-11; Kraß, S. 141; Gerov, Romanizmät I, S. 41; Klio, 37, 1959, S. 201-202; Christescu, S. 131,178; G. Bordemache, Dacia, IX, 1965, S. 260. DIE RÖMISCHEN AUXIM AR FORMATION EN 161 4. ALA AUGUSTA (Moesia Inf.) lagerte unter den Flaviern und Trajan im Kastell Chärlec in der Flussmündung Ogosta.3 1 Wagner. S. 14 — 15; Gerov, Romanizmät I, S. 41. 5. ALA 1 BATAVORUM MILLIARIA war im I. Jhd. in Pannonien, in: II. Jhd. wurde sie nach Dacia Sup. versetzt (CIL XVI 90, 107, 108 von 144, 157, 158). Sie lagerte in Salinae-Räzboieni (die Stempel ALBA oo, ALB), zeitweilig auch in Apulum.4 < Cichorius, Sp. 1234; Wagner, S. 16-17; Christelen, S. 178; Szilägvi, S. 32; Kraft, S. 142-143; Materiale, VI, 1959, Nr. 20, Abb. 19. f.. ALA I BOSPORANORUM MILLIARIA. Auf dem Gebiet des Bospor- schen Königreiches zusammengestellt, kam sie nach Mösien gemeinsam mit der leg. V Macedonica, die im J. 71 in ihr Lager Oescus aus Osten zurückkehrte. Irgendwann am Anfang der Regierung Hadrians war die Ala nach Dakien versetzt worden und ihr erstes Lager war Micia (Vefel, Veczel). Spuren ihrer Tätigkeit in Apulum deutet die CIL III 1197 u. a. an: nachweisbare Stempel BOSPo sind in Mikhäza-Sovarad gefunden worden. Unsichere Stempel TBO = (ala) I BO(sporanorum?) fand man in Potaissa.5 5 V. F. Gaidukevü. Bosporskoje carstvo, S. 333 sq., 543; Ritterling, Sp. 1574 sq.; Wagner, S. 18-19; IAI, II, 1923-1924, S. 226-227; Gerov, Romanizmät I, S. 42. 72. Nr. 13; Cichorius, Sp., 1224; Christes™. S. 178; Szilägyi, S. 8, 17, 32, 35; D. Radu, Apulum, IV, 1961, S. 114. Nr. 29. 7. ALA I BRITANNICA CIVIUM ROMANORUM ist am 2. VII. 110 auf dem Gebiet Dakiens (CIL XVI, Suppl. 163) festzustellen, später hat sie vielleicht in Dacia Inf. im Umkreis Potaissa gelagert. Nicht ganz beweisbar wird sie manchmal von manchen Forschern mit der aus Pannonien gut bekannten Einheit ala I Flav. Aug. Britann. mill. c.R. identifiziert.6 <• Dacia, VIT-VIII, 1937-1940, S. 333-336; Cichorius, Sp. 1235; Wagner, S. 20-24; Kraft, S. 143; Szilägyi, S. 35, 72; A. Radn6ti~L. Barköczi, AArchH, I, 1951, S. 195, 204 sq., 207; .1. Möcsy, AArchH, IX, 1958, S. 407-412; Aep 1960 14, 15; J. Fitz, AArchH, XIV, 1962, S. 58-59. 8. ALA I FLAVIA AUGUSTA BRITANNICA MILLIARIA CIVIUM ROMANORUM BIS TORQUATA OB VIR TUTE M war im unteren Donau- jrftbict in den J. 86—92/93. Ihr Angehöriger konnte der Veteran Iulius Vanno in Scupi gewesen sein.7 7 II''igvi-r, S. 21; Gerov, Romanizmät I, S. 41; Starinar, 1956/57, S. 290 sq. 9. ALA 1 CIVIUM ROMANORUM war in den J. 80. 84, 85 in Pannonien. auf dem Gebiet von Dakien am 17. II. 110 (CIL XVI 57). Am Ende der Regierung Trajans war sie schon dauernd in Pannonia Inf. im Lager Teutoburgium (Aep 1955 17, App 1960 19).8 * Cichorius, Sp. 1237; Wagner, S. 26; J. Klemenc, Limes u Jugoslaviji, I, 1960, S. 20 (weiter nur: Klemcnc); T. Xagy, AArchH, VII, 1956, S. 58-61. 11 shurnlk praci E 15 162 j. BEXES 10. ALA I CLAUDIA NOVA MISCELLANEA war um 45 in Dalmatien, 74 (CIL XVI 20) in Germania Sup.; 82, 93 und 100 (CIL XVI 28, 39, 46) befand sie sich schon in Moesia Sup. Aufgrund des CIL XVI (Suppl.) 163 wissen wir heute, dass sie nach den dakischen Kriegen Trajans im J. 110 einen Bestandteil der Okkupations­ armee gebildet hat. Nach einem wahrscheinlich kurzen Aufenthalt im Osten gehörte sie der leg. IV Flavia in Dacia Inf. (auch die Stempel aus Släveni) an. In der 2.Hälfte des II. Jhd. war sie neuerdings in Moesia Sup. (CIL XVI 111 von 159/160) mit dem Attribut miscellanea. Ihr Lager mag sich irgendwo zwischen Viminacium und Drobeta befunden haben.9 » Cichorius, Sp. 1237—1238; Filov, S. 47 -48; Wagner, S. 28-29; Dacia, VII-VIII,»1937-1940, S. 356—357; Gerov, Romanizmät I, S. 41, II, S. 55—56; Radnoti, S. 144; G. Alföldy, AArohH, XIV, 1962, S. 261-262; D. Tudor, Latomus, XXII, 1963, S. 240-251 = Aep 1963 125; SCIV, XVI, 1965/2, 357-358, Nr. 2. 11. ALA CONTARIORUM IN DACIA? Die Stempel CONT aus Porolissum (Szilägyi, S. 14) regen zur Analogie mit der Einheit ala I Ulp. contariorum an, die in Arrabona in Pannonia Sup. garnisoniert hat.10 10 Wagner, S. 30-33; Kraft, S. 146; J. Fitz, AArchH, XIV, 1962, S. 42 sq., Denes Gabler, Archeo- loäki Vestnik, XIX, Ljubljana 1968, S. 53 sq. 12. ALA C. .. Eine fragmentare Inschrift aus der Dobrudscha — Scythia Minor (Materiale, II, 1956, S. 608, Nr. 118) mit klar lesbarem ... ALA C... deutet die Anwesenheit einer Ala mit dem Attribut Claudia, contariorum, celerum, Gallorum u. a. an.11 " Wagner, S. 25, 28, 37, 40, 41.
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