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Rocznik Centrum Studiów Białoruskich Гадавік Цэнтра Беларускіх Студыяў

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Rocznik Centrum Studiów Białoruskich Гадавік Цэнтра Беларускіх Студыяў Uniwersytet Warszawski Варшаўскі Ўніверсітэт Studium Europy Wschodniej Студыюм Усходняй Еўропы Centrum Studiów Białoruskich Цэнтр Беларускіх Студыяў Rocznik Centrum Studiów Białoruskich Гадавік Цэнтра беларускіх Студыяў Nr 3 / № 3 Dedykuje się 500-leciu druku pierwszej białoruskiej książki Прысвячаецца 500-годдзю першай беларускай друкаванай кнігі Warszawa / Варшава 2017 Над нумарам працавалі: Henadź Semianchuk / Генадзь Семянчук (redaktor/рэдактар) Tatsiana Kasataya / Тацяна Касатая (sekretarz redakcji/сaкратар рэдакцыі) Maciej Wilczyński / Мацей Вільчыньскі (sekretarz techniczny/тэхнічны сакратар; tłumaczenia białorusko-polskie/пераклады беларуска-польскія) Aliaksandr Perahudau / Аляксандр Перагудаў (projekt okładki/праект вокладкі) Katsiaryna Krot / Кацярына Крот (korekta tekstów białoruskich/карэктура беларускіх тэкстаў) Marta Witkowska / Марта Віткоўска (korekta tekstów polskich/карэктура польскіх тэкстаў) Bolesław Jaworski / Баляслаў Яворскі (tłumaczenia polsko-angielskie/пераклады польска-англійскія; korekta tekstów angielskich/ карэктура англійскіх тэкстаў) Zmicer Hupianiec / Зміцер Гупянец (skład i łamanie/камп’ютарная вёрстка) Recenzenci / Рэцэнзэнты: prof. dr hab. Eugeniusz Mironowicz, dr hab. Oleg Łatyszonek prof. UwB, doc. dr Aliaksiej Shalanda, doc. dr Wital Hałubowich, doc. dr. Albina Semianchuk / праф. др. габ. Яўген Мірановіч, др. габ. Алег Латышонак праф. Універсітэта ў Беластоку, дац. к.г.н. Аляксей Шаланда, дац. к.г.а. Віталь Галубовіч, дац. к.г.н. Альбіна Семянчук Druk i oprawa: Drukarnia Duo Studio Spis treści / Змест Госці Алесь Жлутка (Мінск). Дацкі след у біяграфіі Францыска Скарыны ..............................................................6 Wojciech Śleszyński (Białystok). Konstruowanie białoruskiego przekazu historycznego na przełomie XIX i XX wieku ...14 Юры Грыбоўскі (Варшава). Да гісторыі беларускай школы ў Латвіі пад нямецкай акупацыяй (1941-1944 г.) ..................................................................................................38 Працы сяброў ЦБС Генадзь Семянчук (Варшава/Гродна). Кіеўскае княжанне Усяслава Брачыславіча (верасень 1068 – красавік 1069 г.) .......93 Аляксандр Краўцэвіч (Варшава/Гродна). Каранацыя Міндаўга: месца ў прасторы і часе ...................................................... 114 Святлана Куль-Сяльверстава (Беласток/Варшава). Летазлічэнне ў выданнях Францыска Скарыны. ................................................. 121 Сяргей Токць (Варшава/Гродна). Шляхта Гродзенскай губерні на расійскай дзяржаўнай службе ў 30-50-ыя гады ХІХ ст. ................................................................................................... 137 Сяргей Раманаў (Свіслач), Іна Соркіна (Варшава/Гродна). Феномен шматкультурнасці мястэчак Беларусі: на прыкладзе Свіслачы ..........160 Uladzimir Liakhouski (Minsk), Andrey Charniakievich (Warsaw/Hrodna). Foreign trade of the Belarusian People’s Republic ....................................................... 197 Генадзь Сагановіч (Варшава/Мінск). Крытыка гістарыяграфіі БССР часоў адлігі ў друку беларускай эміграцыі ...215 Aliaksandr Smalianchuk (Warsaw/Hrodna). Homo Sovieticus and Belarusian Post-Soviet Historiography ................................. 233 Тацяна Касатая (Варшава/Гродна). Біблія ў штодзённым жыцці евангельскіх хрысціян-баптыстаў у БССР .... 243 Тадэўш Гавін (Варшава/Гродна). Палітыка ўлад Рэспублікі Беларусь у дачыненні да польскай меншасці ў 1991-2005 гг. ........................................................................ 261 Маладыя навукоўцы Андрэй Карач (Гродна). Грашовая сістэма Вялікага княства Літоўскага ў часы Аляксандра Ягелончыка .................................................................................. 285 Кірыл Сыцько (Мінск). Інстытут Беларускай Культуры і падрыхтоўка да святкавання 400-годдзя беларускага кнігадрукавання (паводле матэрыялаў Цэнтральнага навуковага архіва Нацыянальнай акадэміі навук Беларусі) .................................................... 303 Крыніцы: Андрэй Мяцельскі (Мінск). Дакументы па гісторыі Віцебска і Віцебскага павета ў кніге запісаў № 35 Метрыкі ВКЛ ...........................................................................................................314 Зміцер Юркевіч (Мінск). Крыніцы да радавода сям’і Адама Міцкевіча ........................................................ 339 Зміцер Дрозд (Мінск). Новыя дакументы аб правядзенні “Польскай аперацыі НКУС” у Беларусі ......363 Госці Алесь Жлутка (Мінск) Дацкі след у біяграфіі Францішка Скарыны Жыццёвы шлях беларускага і ўсходнеславянскага першадрукара Францішка Скарыны, нягледзячы на вялікую працу, праробленую некалькімі пакаленнямі даследчыкаў з розных краін, застаецца ўсё яшчэ недастаткова вывучаным і на сённяшні дзень можа быць акрэслены толькі пункцірна. Невядомыя дакладныя даты нараджэння і смерці першадрукара. Гіпатэтычна час з’яўлення Францішка на свет змяшчаюць у межы ад 1480 да 1490 г. Памёр ён, найбольш верагодна, на пачатку 50-х гадоў XVI стагоддзя. Хаваецца ў невядомасці прамежак часу паміж яго нараджэннем і паступленнем у 1504 г. у Кракаўскі ўніверсітэт. Пасля атрымання ім ступені бакалаўра вызваленых навук у тым самым універсітэце ў 1506 г., у біяграфіі Скарыны зноў зеўрае шасцігадовы прагал. У Падую ў 1512 г. ён прыбывае ўжо з тытулам доктара вызваленых навук і набывае ў Падуанскім універсітэце яшчэ адну вучоную ступень — доктара медыцыны. За час паміж дзвюма гэтымі датамі Францішак Скарына мусіў не толькі стаць доктарам вызваленых навук, але яшчэ атрымаць выдатную медыцынскую адукацыю. Апрача таго, у апошнім падуанскім дакуменце ад 9 лістапада 1512 г. (пра наданне знакаў годнасці доктара медыцыны) ён названы сакратаром дацкага караля — regis Datiae. Да апошняга часу вяліся спрэчкі наконт тэрміна Datiae, які ў старажытных пісьмовых крыніцах ужываўся ў дачыненні да колішняй рымскай правінцыі Дакіі (сёння тэрыторыя Румыніі), але ў часы Скарыны гэтая назва азначала ўжо іншую краіну — Данію. Дарэчы, дакладна гэтак жа — rex Datiae — называе сябе сам тагачасны кароль Даніі Ёган-Ганс у дакументах, выдадзеных ад яго імя. Такія абазнаныя скарыназнаўцы, 6 Дацкі след у біяграфіі Францыска Скарыны як Георгій Галенчанка 1, Віктар Дарашкевіч 2, Вітаўт Тумаш (які часта пісаў пад псеўданімам Сымон Брага) 3 ужо даўно адзначалі, што пад гэтым тэрмінам хаваецца менавіта Дацкае каралеўства. Нядаўна гэтае пытанне яшчэ раз грунтоўна прааналізавала Вольга Шутава, якая прыйшла да такога ж меркавання 4. Якім чынам Скарына, сакратар дацкага караля, апынуўся ў Італіі? Вядома, што выпускнікі медыцынскага факультэта Капенгагенскага ўніверсітэта для доктарскай абароны выбіралі звычайна альбо Падую, альбо Монпэлье. Апрача таго, каралеўскія сакратары даволі часта выконвалі адказныя дыпламатычныя даручэнні. Таму выпадае меркаваць, што Скарына прыбыў у Італію ў складзе нейкай дыпламатычнай місіі. Здаецца, гэта пацвярджае нядаўна выяўленая беларускім літаратарам і перакладчыкам Антонам- Францішкам Брылём копія дакумента — аднаго з запісаў у дзённіку папскага цырымоніймайстра Парыса Грасі 5. Арыгінал часткі дзённіка за 1512 г., дзе змешчаны гэты запіс, паводле нашых звестак, не захаваўся, а вядомы — з шэрагу копій за дадзены год і за іншы час, якія захоўваюцца ў Ватыканскім Таемным Архіве (10 рукапісаў), у Ватыканскім архіве Аддзела Літургічных Цэлебрацый Найвышэйшага Пантыфіка (14 рук.), у Апостальскай Бібліятэцы ў Ватыкане (38 рук.) 6, у бібліятэках Рыма: Ангеліка (1 рук.), Валічэліяна (1 рук.), Казанатэнскай (6 рук.), Камунальнай бібліятэцы архігімназіі ў Балоньі (4 рук.), Баварскай дзяржаўнай бібліятэцы ў Мюнхене (3 рук.), Нацыянальнай бібліятэцы Францыі ў Парыжы (2 рук.). З самай ранняй копіяй у Казанатэнскай бібліятэцы г. Рыма сёлета пашчасціла папрацаваць і мне. Запіс датуецца 6 жніўня 1512 г., гэта за тры месяцы да надання Скарыну годнасці доктара медыцыны ў Падуі. Парыс Грасі распавядае пра прыём папам Юліем ІІ у той дзень трох дацкіх пасланнікаў, якія ўсе былі дактарамі і простымі канонікамі: адзін з іх — прысяглы сакратар караля, двое іншых — каралеўскія прыдворныя 7. 1 Г. Галенчанка, Францыск Скарына — беларускі і ўсходнеславянскі першадрукар, Мінск 1993, с. 94; ён жа. Праблемныя дакументы Скарыніяны ў кантэксце рэальнай крытыкі, [у:] 480 год беларускага кнігадрукавання: Матэрыялы Трэціх Скарынаўскіх чытанняў, Мінск 1998, (Беларусіка=Albaruthenica; Кн. 9), с. 9–20. 2 В. Дарашкевіч, Прадмова, [у:] Францыск Скарына: зборнік дакументаў і матэрыялаў, Мінск 1988, с. 10. 3 С. Брага, Геаграфічная лякалізацыя жыцьцяпісу доктара Скарыны, Ню Ёрк 1965, с. 18. 4 V. Shutava, Again about Skaryna in Padua: circumstances, “Belarusian review”, Vol. 27, Nr. 1, p. 27. 5 Антон-Францішак Брыль сканаваную старонку гэтай крыніцы даслаў аўтару артыкула, звярнуўшы ўвагу на змест крыніцы і яе дату. Выказваем яму за гэта шчырую падзяку. 6 Città del Vaticano. Archivio Segreto Vaticano, Fondo Borghese. Serie I. 889, 890; Città del Vaticano. Archivio dell’Ufficio delle Celebrazioni Liturgiche del Sommo Pontefice, Cerimonieri pontifici. 371, 376 A; Città del Vaticano. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Barb. lat. 2689, 2798; Città del Vaticano. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Chig. L.I.19; Città del Vaticano, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Urb. lat. 1016; Città del Vaticano, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. lat. 12268, 12269, 12305, 12412, 12414, 12415. 7 Biblioteca Casanatense in Roma, Codex 1594, f. 35v. 7 Госці Вядома, што ўвесну таго ж года ў Рыме, у Лятэранскай базіліцы, распачаўся V Лятэранскі сабор. Гаворка пра сабор ішла і 6 жніўня, ва ўзнёслай прамове, з якой звярнуўся да папы ад імя караля Ганса ягоны не названы
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