4.43 MA Kannada
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Kannada Versus Sanskrit: Hegemony, Power and Subjugation Dr
================================================================== Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 Vol. 17:8 August 2017 UGC Approved List of Journals Serial Number 49042 ================================================================ Kannada versus Sanskrit: Hegemony, Power and Subjugation Dr. Meti Mallikarjun =================================================================== Abstract This paper explores the sociolinguistic struggles and conflicts that have taken place in the context of confrontation between Kannada and Sanskrit. As a result, the dichotomy of the “enlightened” Sanskrit and “unenlightened” Kannada has emerged among Sanskrit-oriented scholars and philologists. This process of creating an asymmetrical relationship between Sanskrit and Kannada can be observed throughout the formation of the Kannada intellectual world. This constructed dichotomy impacted the Kannada world in such a way that without the intellectual resource of Sanskrit, the development of the Kannada intellectual world is considered quite impossible. This affirms that Sanskrit is inevitable for Kannada in every respect of its sociocultural and philosophical formations. This is a very simple contention, and consequently, Kannada has been suffering from “inferiority” both in the cultural and philosophical development contexts. In spite of the contributions of Prakrit and Pali languages towards Indian cultural history, the Indian cultural past is directly connected to and by and large limited to the aspects of Sanskrit culture and philosophy alone. The Sanskrit language per se could not have dominated or subjugated any of the Indian languages. But its power relations with religion and caste systems are mainly responsible for its domination over other Indian languages and cultures. Due to this sociolinguistic hegemonic structure, Sanskrit has become a language of domination, subjugation, ideology and power. This Sanskrit-centric tradition has created its own notion of poetics, grammar, language studies and cultural understandings. -
Hoysala King Ballala Iii (1291-1342 A.D)
FINAL REPORT UGC MINOR RESEARCH PROJECT on LIFE AND ACHIEVEMENTS: HOYSALA KING BALLALA III (1291-1342 A.D) Submitted by DR.N.SAVITHRI Associate Professor Department of History Mallamma Marimallappa Women’s Arts and Commerce College, Mysore-24 Submitted to UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION South Western Regional Office P.K.Block, Gandhinagar, Bangalore-560009 2017 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to Express My Gratitude and Indebtedness to University Grants Commission, New Delhi for awarding Minor Research Project in History. My Sincere thanks are due to Sri.Paramashivaiah.S, President of Marimallappa Educational Institutions. I am Grateful to Prof.Panchaksharaswamy.K.N, Honorary Secretary of Marimallappa Educational Institutions. I owe special thanks to Principal Sri.Dhananjaya.Y.D., Vice Principal Prapulla Chandra Kumar.S., Dr.Saraswathi.N., Sri Purushothama.K, Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff, members of Mallamma Marimallappa Women’s College, Mysore. I also thank K.B.Communications, Mysore has taken a lot of strain in computerszing my project work. I am Thankful to the Authorizes of the libraries in Karnataka for giving me permission to consult the necessary documents and books, pertaining to my project work. I thank all the temple guides and curators of minor Hoysala temples like Belur, Halebidu. Somanathapura, Thalkad, Melkote, Hosaholalu, kikkeri, Govindahalli, Nuggehalli, ext…. Several individuals and institution have helped me during the course of this study by generously sharing documents and other reference materials. I am thankful to all of them. Dr.N.Savithri Place: Date: 2 CERTIFICATE I Dr.N. Savithri Certify that the project entitled “LIFE AND ACHIEVEMENTS: HOYSALA KING BALLALA iii (1299-1342 A.D)” sponsored by University Grants Commission New Delhi under Minor Research Project is successfully completed by me. -
Proposal for a Kannada Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR)
Proposal for a Kannada Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR) Proposal for a Kannada Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR) LGR Version: 3.0 Date: 2019-03-06 Document version: 2.6 Authors: Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel [NBGP] 1. General Information/ Overview/ Abstract The purpose of this document is to give an overview of the proposed Kannada LGR in the XML format and the rationale behind the design decisions taken. It includes a discussion of relevant features of the script, the communities or languages using it, the process and methodology used and information on the contributors. The formal specification of the LGR can be found in the accompanying XML document: proposal-kannada-lgr-06mar19-en.xml Labels for testing can be found in the accompanying text document: kannada-test-labels-06mar19-en.txt 2. Script for which the LGR is Proposed ISO 15924 Code: Knda ISO 15924 N°: 345 ISO 15924 English Name: Kannada Latin transliteration of the native script name: Native name of the script: ಕನ#ಡ Maximal Starting Repertoire (MSR) version: MSR-4 Some languages using the script and their ISO 639-3 codes: Kannada (kan), Tulu (tcy), Beary, Konkani (kok), Havyaka, Kodava (kfa) 1 Proposal for a Kannada Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR) 3. Background on Script and Principal Languages Using It 3.1 Kannada language Kannada is one of the scheduled languages of India. It is spoken predominantly by the people of Karnataka State of India. It is one of the major languages among the Dravidian languages. Kannada is also spoken by significant linguistic minorities in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Kerala, Goa and abroad. -
Miscellaneous a TRAGIC RAVANA
Miscellaneous A TRAGIC RAVANA I I have often pitied poor Ravana. His is no doubt a cursed name—Loka-kantaka, Scourge of the world—handed down the ages, branded—and who knows, wounded, none so human as to waste some sympathy on the Demon-Monster. Rishi and poet, Pouranik and dramatist, the Saint in the rapture of Bhakti and the Prakrit or vernacular minor or major versifier in ecstasy borne on the swelling tide of devotion, the Dasa who spins out his Hari-katha, and the village Bottom who roars you in Ercles’ vein— all, all have conspired to stamp on the imagination of India a repulsive Ravana, the terrible Rakshasa, the mighty Asura, ten-headed monster, cruel Devil, incarnation of the wicked principle, enemy of Gods and men, harasser of saints and sages, destroyer of sacrifices, violater of women—all have but one name to give him “Ravana,” thy name is Evil. It is all very edifying, impressive, sublime, undoubtedly. Black against white, evil against good, monstrosity against beauty, a simple law of contrast, the very trick of the early artist and primitive preacher of morals. Rama and Ravana! All is said. And now look on this picture! Charming boy, obedient son, loving brother, loyal husband, chivalrous prince, fearless warrior, merciful enemy, lover of truth, soul of sacrifice, beloved by subject, beloved by all—Ramachandra, Ramabhadra—perfect Man, nay, is he not perfect God? And between Rama and Ravana, Sita: to name her is to praise her, to call her blessed. Not in vain was Valmiki hailed Rishi, Adi Kavi, Holy Saint, Father of poets: and he wept for a shot bird! And in his wake, with whatever touches of individual genius, variety of incident or modification of character, not in vain, have followed Bhasa and Kalidasa, Bava-Bhuti and Tulsi Das. -
Kannada Literature Syllabus
Kannada Literature Syllabus UPSC Civil Services Mains Exam is of Optional Subject and consists of 2 papers. Each paper is of 250 marks with a total of 500 marks. KANNADA PAPER-I (Answers must be written in Kannada) Section-A History of Kannada Language What is Language? General charecteristics of Language. Dravidian Family of Languages and its specific features, Antiquity of Kannada Language, Different Phases of its Development. Dialects of Kannada Language : Regional and Social Various aspects of development of Kannada Language : phonological and Semantic changes. Language borrowing. History of Kannada Literature Ancient Kannada literature : Influence and Trends. Poets for study : Specified poets from Pampa to Ratnakara Varni are to be studied in the light of contents, form and expression : Pampa, Janna, Nagachandra. Medieval Kannada literature : Influence and Trends. Vachana literature : Basavanna, Akka Mahadevi. Medieval Poets : Harihara, Ragha-vanka, Kumar-Vyasa. Dasa literature : Purandra and Kanaka. Sangataya : Ratnakaravarni Modern Kannada literature : Influence, trends and idealogies, Navodaya, Pragatishila, Navya, Dalita and Bandaya. Section-B Poetics and literary criticism : Definition and concepts of poetry : Word, Meaning, Alankara, Reeti, Rasa, Dhwani, Auchitya. Interpretations of Rasa Sutra. Modern Trends of literary criticism : Formalist, Historical, Marxist, Feminist, Post-colonial criticism. Cultural History of Karnataka Contribution of Dynasties to the culture of Karnataka : Chalukyas of Badami and Kalyani, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas, Vijayanagara rulers, in literary context. Major religions of Karnataka and their cultural contributions. Arts of Karnataka : Sculpture, Architecture, Painting, Music, Dance-in the literary context. Unification of Karnataka and its impact on Kannada literature. PAPER-II (Answers must be written in Kannada) The paper will require first-hand reading of the Texts prescribed and will be designed to test the critical ability of the candidates. -
Heritage of Mysore Division
HERITAGE OF MYSORE DIVISION - Mysore, Mandya, Hassan, Chickmagalur, Kodagu, Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Chamarajanagar Districts. Prepared by: Dr. J.V.Gayathri, Deputy Director, Arcaheology, Museums and Heritage Department, Palace Complex, Mysore 570 001. Phone:0821-2424671. The rule of Kadambas, the Chalukyas, Gangas, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas, Vijayanagar rulers, the Bahamanis of Gulbarga and Bidar, Adilshahis of Bijapur, Mysore Wodeyars, the Keladi rulers, Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan and the rule of British Commissioners have left behind Forts, Magnificient Palaces, Temples, Mosques, Churches and beautiful works of art and architecture in Karnataka. The fauna and flora, the National parks, the animal and bird sanctuaries provide a sight of wild animals like elephants, tigers, bisons, deers, black bucks, peacocks and many species in their natural habitat. A rich variety of flora like: aromatic sandalwood, pipal and banyan trees are abundantly available in the State. The river Cauvery, Tunga, Krishna, Kapila – enrich the soil of the land and contribute to the State’s agricultural prosperity. The water falls created by the rivers are a feast to the eyes of the outlookers. Historical bakground: Karnataka is a land with rich historical past. It has many pre-historic sites and most of them are in the river valleys. The pre-historic culture of Karnataka is quite distinct from the pre- historic culture of North India, which may be compared with that existed in Africa. 1 Parts of Karnataka were subject to the rule of the Nandas, Mauryas and the Shatavahanas; Chandragupta Maurya (either Chandragupta I or Sannati Chandragupta Asoka’s grandson) is believed to have visited Sravanabelagola and spent his last years in this place. -
Dr.Veeresh Badiger Father’S Name : Seshappa Badiger Date of Birth : 04-04-1966 Permanent Address : Dr
BIO - DATA Dr. VEERESH BADIGER Professor, Dept. of Manuscriptology Kannada University, Hampi Vidyaranya- 583276 ¸Àé-«ªÀgÀ qÁ. «ÃgÉñÀ §rUÉÃgÀ ¥ÁæzsÁå¥ÀPÀgÀÄ, ºÀ¸ÀÛ¥Àæw±Á¸ÀÛç «¨sÁUÀ PÀ£ÀßqÀ «±Àé«zÁå®AiÀÄ, ºÀA¦ «zÁågÀtå- 583276 1 | BIO-DATA-Dr.VSB CONTENTS 1. Address 2. Details of Educational Qualification 3. Teaching and Research Experience (1991-2018): 28 years 4. Administrative Experience (1994-2012): 22 years 5. Research Articles Published: 95 6. Lesson written for distance Education and other articles: 22 7. Lectures delivered for AIR:11 8. Review of Books: 17 9. Books Published: 42 10. Participated Seminars and Essays presented (State Level):57 11. Special Lectures: 46 12. Participated Conferences and Papers Presented (State Level):39 13. National Conference and Seminars: 25 14. National Workshops: 48 15. International Conference: 4 16. Awards received: 10 17. Ph.D. Guide: Degree Awards: 15 18. Ph.D. Students still study : 8 19. M.phil: Degree Awards:8 20. Research Programmes Completed: 12 21. Special Educational Programmes: 2 22. Designed Organisational Plans: 4 23. Organized Conference, Seminars, Workshops, Training Camps: 36 2 | BIO-DATA-Dr.VSB BIO – DATA Name : Dr.Veeresh Badiger Father’s Name : Seshappa Badiger Date of Birth : 04-04-1966 Permanent Address : Dr. Veeresh Badiger Bennur: post Bagalkot: Talu & Dist. Communication (contact) : Dr.Veeresh Badiger (Office) Professor Department of Manuscriptology Kannada University, Hampi Vidyaranay-583 276 Cell: 94488 45789 [email protected] [email protected] Residential Address Dr.Veeresh Badiger Anthahkarana #172, Bandikeri 16th Ward, Kamalapur Hospet Taluk, Bellary Dist Res: 08394-241419(Karnataka) Caste : Hindu Panchala Group : II A Educational Qualification : MA Phd and B.Ed, Dip. -
Some Bhumija Temples of Karnataka
Some Bhumija Temples of Karnataka Priyamvada R Sharma Designation: Ph.D Research Student, Mobile: +917387777501 Email: [email protected] Abstract The article deals with a style of temple architecture called Bhumija, which originated and developed in Central India, and spread over a vast area comprising Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka with regional overtones. It explains the meaning of the term Bhumija, mentions Silpa texts which give details of this style and considers examples of temples which have this style of Sikhara on the mulaprasada (shrine proper) and of its models on the walls of the temples in Karnataka. Four temples, i.e., Kasivisvesvara temple at Lakkundi, Siddhesvara temple at Haveri and Nagesvara and Chennakesava temples at Mosale Hosahalli are described as they have Bhumija style of Sikhara as models on their walls. Here I have classified the type of Bhumija according to the description given in the Silpa texts along with the illustrations of the models present on the walls of temples. A reference is made to the only inscription which mentions Bhumija style. A table containing information about sub-types of Bhumija as described in the two Silpa texts Samaranganasutradhara and Aparajitaprccha. Introduction The Bhumija style of temple architecture belongs to the Central Indian School of temple architecture. Though conforming in certain details to Nagara style, the sikhara obtains distinguishing feature of a Bhumija temple. It is generally believed that the Bhumija style originated in Malwa region. But the style was extensive in the space and time and spread across the region of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka in early medieval times. -
Gandaberunda: Aesthetic Representation of the Mythical Bird
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-8, Issue- 7C2, May 2019 Gandaberunda: Aesthetic Representation of the Mythical Bird Gomathi Gowda passage to the left of the figure. It may be mentioned that the Abstract— Indian Art is predominantly decorative in donor, Bhaktiraja, enjoyed the title Gaṇḍabheruṇḍa. Mostly character and birds occupy an important position in plastic and confined to Andhra, it is noticed in the same form in the pictorial representation. Birds such as the Garuda, Peacock and Tripurantakam (Kurnool district) inscription (saka 1310) of others are connected with important mythological stories and in Annadeva, Vinukonda (district Guntur) inscription (Saka the stories of Jataka, most other birds are carved, painted as an integral part of the design. 1377). (Sarkar. H and Pande B.M 1999: 75) Of the mythical birds, Garuda, the vehicle of Vishnu, is The Gaṇḍabheruṇḍa had strange associations and scholars well-represented in medieval records. In south, another kind of have suggested various origins of it. Marshall contended that mythical bird is noticed in the inscription known as this double-headed eagle occurs for the first time in the gaṇḍabheruṇḍa. In Sanskrit the word bheruṇḍa means terrific, Hittite sculptures in Western Asia, that it is also found on an frightful, terrible, a species of bird while gaṇḍa is understood to early ivory of the Geometric period from Sparta and that later imply a warrior or hero. The term gaṇḍabheruṇḍa was adopted on the Scythians introduced it to taxila (Taksasila). From as a title by the Chalukyas, Kadambas and the Vijayanagara rulers. -
Title Ancestral Dravidian Languages in Indus Civilization
Title Ancestral Dravidian Languages in Indus Civilization: Ultraconserved Dravidian Tooth-word Reveals Deep Linguistic Ancestry and Supports Genetics Abstract Ever since the discovery of Indus valley civilization, scholars have debated the linguistic identities of its people. This study analyzes numerous archaeological, linguistic, archaeogenetic and historical evidences to claim that the words used for elephant (like, ‘pīri’, ‘pīru’) in Bronze Age Mesopotamia, the elephant-word used in the Hurrian part of an Amarna letter of ca. 1400 BC, and the ivory-word (‘pîruš’) recorded in certain sixth century BC Old Persian documents, were all originally borrowed from ‘pīlu’, a Proto-Dravidian elephant-word, which was prevalent in the Indus valley civilization, and was etymologically related to the Proto-Dravidian tooth-word ‘*pal’ and its alternate forms (‘*pīl’/‘*piḷ’/‘*pel’). This paper argues that there is sufficient morphophonemic evidence of an ancient Dravidian ‘*piḷ’/‘*pīl’-based root, which meant ‘splitting/crushing’, and was semantically related to the meanings ‘tooth/tusk’. This paper further observes that ‘pīlu’ is among the most ancient and common phytonyms of the toothbrush tree Salvadora persica, which is a characteristic flora of Indus valley, and whose roots and twigs have been widely used as toothbrush in IVC regions since antiquity. This study claims that this phytonym ‘pīlu’ had also originated from the same Proto-Dravidian tooth- word, and argues that since IVC people had named their toothbrush trees and tuskers (elephants) using a Proto-Dravidian tooth-word, and since these names were widely used across IVC regions, a significant population of Indus valley civilization must have used that Proto-Dravidian tooth-word in their daily communication. -
Development of OHWR System for Kannada
Development of OHWR System for Kannada A G Ramakrishnan and J Shashidhar Medical Intelligence and Language Engineering Laboratory Dept of Electrical Engg, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: In this article, we address the challenges in segmentation of online handwritten, isolated Kannada words. This is the maiden work in the field of segmentation of online handwritten Kannada words. Due to the advent of tablet PCs and systems with pen-enabled interface, online handwriting recognition has got wide applications such as form filling, field data collection and word processing. In some of these applications, recognition of names of individuals is required and it is nearly impossible to maintain the lexicon of all possible names. Also, Kannada, being a Dravidian language, is morphologically rich and also agglutinative and thus does not have a finite lexicon. For example, a single root verb can easily lead to a few thousand words after morphological changes and agglutination. Hence, to make recognition of open vocabulary online handwritten Kannada words possible, one must necessarily look into the possibility of segmentation of online Kannada words into their constituent symbols. The modern Kannada script consists of 13 vowels, 34 consonants, 2 other symbols, and 10 numerals. Old Kannada script has additional 3 vowels and 2 consonants. In Kannada, a compound character called akshara is possible by combining consonants and vowels. A total of 8,63,848 different aksharas are possible. We derived a minimal set of 295 distinct symbols to recognize these characters. A corpus of isolated Kannada symbols (MILE Lab Kannada symbols data-set) is collected to study the various statistics about Kannada characters. -
Chapter 4.9 Later Chalukyas and Hoysalas I. Answer The
CHAPTER 4.9 LATER CHALUKYAS AND HOYSALAS I. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING IN A WORD OR SENTENCE EACH. 1. Who was the founder of Chalukyas of Kalyana? A:Tailappa II. 2. Which was the first capital of Chalukyas of Kalyana? A: Manyakheta. 3. Who was the patron of Ranna? A: Sathyashraya. 4. Who had the title ‘Kavichakravarthi’? A: Ranna. 5. Which work is considered as ‘The First Encyclopedia of Sanskrit’? A: Manasollasa. 6. Who was the founder of the Hoysala kingdom? A: Sala 7. What was the royal emblem of the Hoysalas? A: Sala killing a tiger. II. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING IN TWO WORDS OR TWO SENTENCES EACH. 1. Who started ‘Vikarama Era’ and when? A: a) Vikramaditya VI b) 1076 CE. 2. Mention any two titles of Vikramaditya VI. A: a) Permadideva. b) Tribhuvanamalla. 3. Name any two works of Ranna. A: a) Ajitanatha Purana. b) Sahasa Bhima Vijaya. 4. Who was the court poet of Vikramiditya VI? Name his work. A: a) Bilhana b) ‘Vikramankadeva Charitham’ 5. Name any two capitals of Hoysalas. A: a) Belur b) Dwarasamudra. 6. Mention any two titles of Vishnuvardhana. A: a) Mahamandaleshwara. b) Maleparolganda. 7. Name any two famous temples of Hoysalas. A: a) Hoysaleshwara at Halebeedu b) Chennakesahava at Belur. III. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING IN 15 TO 20 SENTENCES EACH. 1. Explain the cultural contributions of Chalukyas of Kalyana. A: The Chalukyas of Kalyana followed the great tradition of the Chalukyas of Badami and made rich cultural contributions: Literature: Kannada and Sanskrit literature developed during this period. Jain writers wrote scholarly literature in Kannada.