Polityka Zagraniczna Węgier W Latach 1867-1945
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How Middle-Class Soldiers and Officers Came to Fight for Károlyi
Regaining the Homeland: How Middle-Class Soldiers and Officers Came To Fight For Károlyi and Kun Timothy Helmick Submitted to Central European University History Department In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Professor András Géro Second Reader: Professor Julian Casanova Budapest, Hungary CEU eTD Collection 2012 Statement of Copyright “Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author.” CEU eTD Collection i Abstract I will employ the tool of comparative history to invoke the differences and similarities of the military under the Károlyi and Kun regimes; providing the loss of homeland/threat to sovereignty as the defining motivation that allowed these middle class soldiers to fight for both regimes. Theoretically I will draw upon both Theda Skocpol and Charles Tilly to establish three principal factors that validate the second part of my thesis; loss of the monopoly of violence by the state, multiple sovereignty in the separated territories, and the state losing its ability to be an effective coercive power over the soldiers.1 Both the Tilly and Skocpol theories are directed to correctly identifying revolution, (which both the Károlyi and Kun governments used to gain power) the former arguing from the perspective of political-conflict in which ultimate sovereignty is sought, and the latter stressing the social aspects in a Marxian conception;2 and allow me to explain the effect of the loss of clearly defined national boundaries undermining resistance to outside interference. -
Czechoslovakia's Ethnic Policy in Subcarpathia
1 Czechoslovakia’s ethnic policy in Subcarpathia (Podkarpatskaja Rus or Ruthenia) 1919 – 1938/1939 József Botlik Translated and edited by P. Csermely 2 Table of Contents POLITICAL MACHINATIONS................................................................................................................................... 3 THE RUTHENIANS OF HUNGARY .......................................................................................................................... 6 FOREIGN MILITARY OCCUPATION OF SUBCARPATHIA ............................................................................ 18 ARMED OPPOSITION TO CZECHOSLOVAK RULE ......................................................................................... 29 SUBCARPATHIA ........................................................................................................................................................ 41 CZECH COLONIZATION ......................................................................................................................................... 63 THE PERIOD OF GOVERNMENT AUTONOMY, THE SOJM......................................................................... 104 THE FIRST VIENNA ARBITRAL ACCORD........................................................................................................ 124 THE REUNION OF SUBCARPATHIA WITH HUNGARY................................................................................. 138 BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................................................................................................................................... -
HSR Vol. XLV, Nos. 1-2 (Spring-Fall, 2018)
Hungarian Studies Review, Vol. XLV, Nos. 1-2 (Spring-Fall, 2018) In this volume: Jason Kovacs reviews the history of the birth of the first Hungarian settlements on the Canadian Prairies. Aliaksandr Piahanau tells the story of the Hungarian democrats’ relations with the Czechoslovak authorities during the interwar years. Agatha Schwartz writes about trauma and memory in the works of Vojvodina authors László Végel and Anna Friedrich. And Gábor Hollósi offers an overview of the doctrine of the Holy Crown of Hungary. Plus book reviews by Agatha Schwartz and Steven Jobbitt A note from the editor: After editing this journal for four-and-a-half decades, advanced age and the diagnosis of a progressive neurological disease prompt me to resign as editor and producer of this journal. The Hungarian Studies Review will continue in one form or another under the leadership of Professors Steven Jobbitt and Árpád von Klimo, the Presidents res- pectively of the Hungarian Studies Association of Canada and the Hungarian Studies Association (of the U.S.A.). Inquiries regarding the journal’s future volumes should be directed to them. The contact addresses are the Departments of History at (for Professor Jobbitt) Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, RB 3016, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada, P7B 5E1. [email protected] (and for Prof. von Klimo) the Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Ave. NE, Washing- ton DC, USA, 20064. [email protected] . Nándor Dreisziger Hungarian Studies Review, Vol. XLV, Nos. 1-2 (Spring-Fall, 2018) Contents Articles: The First Hungarian Settlements in Western Canada: Hun’s Valley, Esterhaz-Kaposvar, Otthon, and Bekevar JASON F. -
Hungarisn Studies Review
Hungarian Studies Review, Vol. XLV, Nos. 1-2 (Spring-Fall, 2018) In this volume: Jason Kovacs reviews the history of the birth of the first Hungarian settlements on the Canadian Prairies. Aliaksandr Piahanau tells the story of the Hungarian democrats’ relations with the Czechoslovak authorities during the interwar years. Agatha Schwartz writes about trauma and memory in the works of Vojvodina authors László Végel and Anna Friedrich. And Gábor Hollósi offers an overview of the doctrine of the Holy Crown of Hungary. Plus book reviews by Agatha Schwartz and Steven Jobbitt A note from the editor: After editing this journal for four-and-a-half decades, advanced age and the diagnosis of a progressive neurological disease prompt me to resign as editor and producer of this journal. The Hungarian Studies Review will continue in one form or another under the leadership of Professors Steven Jobbitt and Árpád von Klimo, the Presidents res- pectively of the Hungarian Studies Association of Canada and the Hungarian Studies Association (of the U.S.A.). Inquiries regarding the journal’s future volumes should be directed to them. The contact addresses are the Departments of History at (for Professor Jobbitt) Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, RB 3016, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada, P7B 5E1. [email protected] (and for Prof. von Klimo) the Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Ave. NE, Washing- ton DC, USA, 20064. [email protected] . Nándor Dreisziger Hungarian Studies Review, Vol. XLV, Nos. 1-2 (Spring-Fall, 2018) Contents Articles: The First Hungarian Settlements in Western Canada: Hun’s Valley, Esterhaz-Kaposvar, Otthon, and Bekevar JASON F. -
THE HUNGARIAN QUARTERLY Was First Published in the Spring of 1934 by the Society of the Hungarian Quarterly
Vol. 1 ISSN 0883-8321 No. 4 Ü1C ffwnga^riam- Qkartcrl^ Designed to spread true knowledge concerning the Carpathian Basin and its peoples. To explore the possibilities of mutual understanding and cooperation between the coexisting nationalities for the sake of a lasting peace, justice and prosperity. Published by The Danubian Press, Inc. Astor, FL 32002 In cooperation with the Danubian Research and Information Center Editor; Albert Wass Assistant Editor: Dr. Anne Atzél Editorial Board: Dr. Edward Chaszar Rev. Ft. Christopher Hites Dr. László Juhász Dr. László Könnjrü Dr. Antal Lelbach Subscription: U.S. $12.00 yearly. Single copy U.S. $4.00. Overseas U.S. $18.00. Address: Danubian Press, Rt. 1, Box 59, Astor, FL 32002 USA. Printed by: Franciscan Fathers Catholic Publishing Company 1739 Mahoning Avenue Youngstown, Ohio 44509 July 1986 THE HUNGARIAN QUARTERLY was first published in the spring of 1934 by the Society of the Hungarian Quarterly. The editors were: Dr. Joseph Balogh, Budapest, Hungary, Owen Rutter, London, England and Francis Deak, New York, USA. In 1944 the Society of the Hungarian Quarterly was dissolved, and in 1945-46 its members imprisoned or deported into Russia. Years later the communist government in Budapest started the NEW HUNGARIAN QUARTERLY, a propaganda publication, which in no way can be regarded as the legal successor of the original Hungarian Quarterly. Forty years after the occupation of Hungary by the armies of the Soviet Union, which occupation is still demonstrated by the presence of Soviet troops on Hungarian soil, members of the Hungarian exile in the USA, Canada, Australia and Europe decided to pick up the fallen banner, of ‘‘peace, justice and a better future through knowledge and understanding,” and republish the Hungarian Quarterly in the USA. -
The 1931 Financial Crisis in Austria and Hungary
Doctoral Thesis Flóra Macher THE 1931 FINANCIAL CRISIS IN AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY A CRITICAL REASSESSMENT A thesis submitted to the Department of Economic History of the London School of Economics and Political Science for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2017 1 DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP I, Flóra Macher, certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 53,469 words. 2 ABSTRACT In this thesis, I re-investigate the 1931 financial crisis in Austria and Hungary with the help of new data compiled from primary sources. Our knowledge about the causes of these calamities is much less extensive than about the German crisis. The aim of my research is to provide for a better understanding of the Central European crises of 1931. Chapter 1 examines the role of international and domestic forces behind the crisis in Austria. Two newly constructed micro-level datasets demonstrate that a domestic factor, exposure to weakly performing industrial enterprises, was essential in accounting for the insolvency and possibly also for the illiquidity of the four universal banks that came under distress between 1925 and 1931. -
The Domestic Politics of the Bethlen Government, 1921-1925
The Domestic Politics of the Bethlen Government, 1921-1925 Thomas Lorman PhD thesis, September 2001 SSEES, London ProQuest Number: U642144 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest U642144 Published by ProQuest LLC(2015). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract This thesis does not seek to provide a comprehensive overview of the first five years of the premiership of Istvan Bethlen. Instead, each of its six chapters deals with a specific question relating to the operation of his government, and from these general conclusions can be drawn. It begins with a short introduction relating to Bethlen’s background and Hungary in 1921. This thesis will also discuss the sources that the research is based upon. The first chapter analyses Bethlen’s relationship with the parties that initially supported his government and his attempt to create a ‘Unified Party’. The second chapter examines the way he sought to normalize relations with the Magyarorszagi Szociâldemokrata Part, (MSZDP), (Hungarian Social Democratic Party), break their election boycott and bring them back into the fold of parliamentary life prior to the 1922 elections. -
Žitný Ostrov, Grosse Schütt) to Czechoslovakia * Géza Jeszenszky
1 The British Role in Assigning Csallóköz (Žitný Ostrov, Grosse Schütt) to Czechoslovakia * Géza Jeszenszky Where the River Danube leaves Austria and enters the so-called ‘Little Plain’ at Bratislava/Pozsony/Pressburg (the city where the kings of Hungary were crowned between 1563 and 1830), there is a large island called Csallóköz (Grosse Schütt in German; Velký Žitný Ostrov in Slovak) which lies between the main branch of the Old Danube and the Little Danube, formerly called the Csalló River. The island has remarkably fertile and frequently flooded soil, which is why it was also known as Aranykert , the Golden Garden. Its population has been Hungarian since the Settlement (or Conquest) of Hungary in the tenth century, when the clan Csurla settled in what used to be called in the Middle Ages the terra Chalov . Protected by the waters and the marshes, most of the villages here survived the wars fought against the invading Ottoman Turks. 1 The census of 1910 found living here 121,500 Hungarians, 3000 Germans, and 500 Slovaks, dwelling in altogether 140 settlements. The Peace Treaty of Trianon, in contradiction to the principle of self-determination, assigned the area to the newly created Czechoslovakia. The Vienna Award of 1938 returned it to Hungary, only for it to be ceded back by the 1947 Paris Peace Treaty, together with three more Hungarian villages on the right bank of the river. Between 1945 and 1948 a considerable portion of the Hungarians were expelled and Slovak settlers moved in, mainly into the towns of Dunajská Streda/Dunaszerdahely, Samorin/Somorja, Velký Meder/Nagymegyer and Kolárovo/Gúta. -
BENEŠ Statesman Or Charlatan?
BENEŠ Statesman or charlatan? The plans and the reality 1908-1948 by László Gulyás Prepublishing copy Corvinus Publishing Toronto - Buffalo 2007 Translated from Hungarian by Peter Csermely ©LÁSZLÓ GULYÁS ISBN 1-882785-21-5 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 4 PART I: BENEŠ AND THE BIRTH OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA.......... 7 1.1 THE FIRST CONCEPT or, what preceded 1914 ............................. 7 A SUBJECT OF THE MONARCHY ......................................................... 7 1.2 THE ÉMIGRÉ ACTIVITIES OF BENEŠ ...................................... 37 PHASE ONE (September, 1915 – March, 1916) ...................................... 37 PHASE TWO (March, 1916 – December, 1917) ...................................... 55 PHASE THREE (1918) ............................................................................ 68 1.3 THE SECOND CONCEPT ............................................................... 74 THE PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS ................................................................ 74 1.4 COUP, THE CREATION OF SLOVENSKO ................................. 92 SLOVAK – MAGYAR RELATIONSHIP TO 1914 ................................ 92 SLOVAK – MAGYAR RELATIONSHIP 1914-1918 ........................... 109 1.5 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SECOND CONCEPT ............... 117 PRELIMINARIES TO SLOVENSKO .................................................... 117 THE GLITTERING CHAMBERS OF VERSAILLES ........................... 137 PART II: DEFENCE OF THE CZECHOSLOVAK STATE -
The Hungarian Historical Review Business History
The Hungarian Historical Review New Series of Acta Historica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae Volume 4 No. 4 2015 Business History: Enterprises in Adaptation Judit Klement Special Editor of the Thematic Issue Contents Articles PETR POPELKA Business Strategies and Adaptation Mechanisms in Family Businesses during the Era of the Industrial Revolution: The Example of the Klein Family from Moravia 805 JUDIT KLEMENT How to Adapt to a Changing Market? The Budapest Flour Mill Companies at the Turn of the Nineteenth and Twenties Centuries 834 ÁGNES POGÁNY Crisis Management Strategies after World War I: The Case of the Budapest Flour Mills 868 ANDRÁS SCHLETT The Socialist-Type Process of Innovation: Lessons of Hungarian Agrarian Modernization between 1960 and 1990 900 ZSUZSANNA VARGA Opportunities and Limitations for Enterprise in the Socialist Economy: The Case of the Budapest Agricultural Cooperatives 928 ZSOMBOR BÓDY Enthralled by Size: Business History or the History of Technocracy in the Study of a Hungarian Socialist Factory 964 http://www.hunghist.org Featured Review Felvilágosult vallás és modern katasztrófa között: magyar zsidó gondolkodás a Horthy-korban [Between Enlightened Religion and Modern Catastrophe: Hungarian Jewish Thinking in the Horthy Era]. By Ferenc Laczó. Reviewed by Zsolt K. Horváth 990 Book Reviews On the Road: The History and Archaeology of Medieval Communication Networks in East-Central Europe. By Magdolna Szilágyi. Reviewed by Dietrich Denecke 996 A pozsonyi prépost és a káptalan viszálya (1421–1425). A szentszéki bíráskodás Magyarországon – a pozsonyi káptalan szervezete és működése a XV. század elején [Confl ict between the provost and the Chapter of Pressburg (1421–1425). Jurisdiction of the Holy See in Hungary – Organization and Operation of the Pozsony Chapter in the Early Fifteenth Century]. -
Forditás Végleges
Abstract of PhD Thesis DIÓSZEGI LÁSZLÓ Crisis and Integration Economic Integration Plans for the Danube Basin during the Great Depression (1929-1933) in Light of British Foreign Documents Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Humanities 2013 Preface There is quite large literature in connection with the integration plans of the Danube Basin, and the revival of these ideas may be useful in understanding the processes of today as well. My research focuses on the ideas that came to light during the Great Depression 1929- 33, those – along with good number of integration proposals – that have not yet been in the focus of academic research. The dissertation presents the Franco-German competition for the Danube Basin in the thirties through British diplomatic documents, which have not yet been elaborated on in the Hungarian literature. During my work I reviewed the Hungarian and English language literature in addition to the relevant documents of the National Archives of Hungary, the London Public Record Office, the Prime Minister's Office and the Foreign Office, including primary sources and publications. The Danube Basin in the twentieth century The Danube basin was influenced from the east and the west boundary by Russian and German populations. Before the Napoleonic wars and the birth of German unity this influence was only possibility, later it became a concrete influence in the region. There was no nation in the region that had a population which could come close to the power of the two neighboring populations. The combined population could not surpass that of Germany and could not even come close to the Russian Empire, while the unique ethnic mixture of the people has reduced the political potential of the population. -
Tc Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalı
T.C. FIRAT ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANABİLİM DALI I. DÜNYA SAVAŞI SONUNA KADAR MACARİSTAN DOKTORA TEZİ DANIŞMAN HAZIRLAYAN Prof. Dr. Mustafa ÖZTÜRK Muzaffer ŞEN ELAZIĞ – 2016 T.C. FIRAT ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANABİLİM DALI I. DÜNYA SAVAŞI SONUNA KADAR MACARİSTAN DOKTORA TEZİ DANIŞMAN HAZIRLAYAN Prof. Dr. Mustafa ÖZTÜRK Muzaffer ŞEN Jürimiz, ……… tarihinde yapılan tez savunma sınavı sonunda bu yüksek lisans / doktora tezini oy birliği / oy çokluğu ile başarılı saymıştır. Jüri Üyeleri: 1. Prof. Dr. 2. 3. 4. 5. F. Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yönetim Kurulunun …... tarih ve ……. sayılı kararıyla bu tezin kabulü onaylanmıştır. Prof. Dr. Zahir KIZMAZ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Müdürü II ÖZET Doktora Tezi I. Dünya Savaşı Sonuna Kadar Macaristan Muzaffer ŞEN Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalı Yakınçağ Bilim Dalı Elazığ-2016; Sayfa: XIV + 413 Göçebe bir yaşam süren Macarlar yerleşik düzene 890 yıllarında Karpatlar Havzası’na gelmeleri ile geçmişlerdir. O nedenle bu dönem yurt tutuş evresi olarak da isimlendirilmiştir. Yaklaşık 1000 yıllarında Aziz István döneminde Hristiyanlığı benimseyerek buradaki varlıklarını pekiştirmişlerdir. XIV. yüzyıla gelindiğinde Türklerle karşılaşmışlar ve Mohaç yenilgisinin ardından Macar Devleti dağılmış ve üç parçaya ayrılmıştır. Topraklarının bir kısmı Osmanlı yönetimine, bir kısmı Avusturya yönetimine geçmiştir. Fakat Osmanlı Devleti’nin bölgede gücünü yitirmesiyle ondan kalan otorite boşluğunu ve Macaristan topraklarını Avusturya ele geçirmiştir. Fakat Avusturya İmparatorluğu’nun baskıcı sindirici politikaları Macarları ayaklanmaya itmiştir. Önce İmre Thököly, ardından da Ferenc Rákóczi önderliğinde iki defa ayaklandılarsa da başarılı olamamışlardır. Avrupa’da Fransız İhtilali’nin etkileri hızla yayılırken milliyetçi düşünceler de gittikçe kuvvetlenmiştir. Bu durumdan rahatsızlık duyan Avrupalı devletler, Fransız İhtilali’nin etkilerini hafifletmek amacıyla 1815’de Viyana Kongresi’ni gerçekleştirmişlerdir.