Plastic Laws: Definitions

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Plastic Laws: Definitions ELAW: Terms and Definitions from Plastic Laws Country Name of law if clear Link to law Term used Definition Estonia Waste Act https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/520012015021/consolideagricultural plastic means silage wrap film, silage covering film, tunnel film, net wrap, and plastic twine Australia, WA Environmental Protection (Plastichttps://www.slp.wa.gov.au/pco/prod/filestore.nsf/FileURL/mrdoc_41671.pdf/$FILE/Environmental%20Protection%20(Plastic%20Bags)%20Regulations%202018%20-%20%5B00-c0-00%5D.pdf?OpenElement Bags) Regulations 2018Barrier bag a plastic bag without handles used to carry unpackaged perishable food Environment Management (Container Deposit) Regulations Fiji 2011 https://files.elaw.org/app/index.do#storage/files/1/Shared/Documents/Legal/plastic/Laws_ByCountry/Fiji?pbeverage container means a jar, carton, can, bottle made of glass, polyethylene terephalate (PET) or aluminum that is or was sealed by its manufacturer External Policy: Environmental Levy on Plastic Bags Manufactured South Africa in South Africa https://www.sars.gov.za/AllDocs/OpsDocs/Policies/SE-PB-02%20-%20Environmental%20Levy%20on%20Plastic%20Bags%20Manufactured%20in%20South%20Africa%20-%20External%20Policy.pdfBin Liners A plastic bag used for lining a rubbish bin. Bahamas, The Environmental Protection (Control of Plastic Pollution)biodegradable Act, 2019 single-use plastic bag that is capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms Ville de Montreal By-Law 16- Canada, Montreal 051 http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/sel/sypre-consultation/afficherpdf?idDoc=27530&typeDoc=1biodegradable bag bag that can be decomposed by microorganisms, resulting in the formation of water, carbon dioxide, inorganic compounds and biomass that are non-toxic for the environment Environmental Management (Plastic Packaging and Plastic Bottles) Regulations, Zimbabwe 2010 http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/zim171720.pdfbiodegradable plastic any plastic capable of being decomposed in natural aerobic and anaerobic environments; Plastic Bag Use Reduction Palau Act https://www.palaugov.pw/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/RPPL-No.-10-14-re.-Plastic-Bag-use-Reduction-...pdfbiodegradable plastic bag a plastic bag that is capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms within five (5) years or less Environment Management (Waste Disposal and Fiji Recycling) Regulations 2007 https://doefiji.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/amended-waste-disposal-recycling.pdfbottle as a noun, means a small portable container for liquid; as a verb, means to manufacture or fill bottles with liquid for purposes of sale; Canada, Prince Edward Island Plastic Bag Reduction Act https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/p-09-2-plastic_bag_reduction_act.pdfbusiness a business incorporated under the Business Corporations Act R.S.P.E.I. 1988, Cap. B-601, the Companies Act R.S.P.E.I. 1988, C-14, or required to be registered under the Extra-provincial Corporations Registration Act R.S.P.E.I. 1988, Cap. E-14, and includes a sole proprietorship, a partnership or a cooperative association engaged in a retail operation and, for the purposes of section 4, a person employed by, or operating on behalf of, a business Korea, South Act on the Promotion of Saving andhttp://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?hseq=46235&lang=ENG Recycling of Resourcesby-products things produced incidentally in the processes of manufacturing, processing, repairing or selling products, supplying energy, or performing civil and construction works; Kenya (Draft) Plastic Bags Control and Management RegulationsCarrier (2018) bag bag constructed with handles and with or without gussets. Kenya Environmental Management and Co-Ordinationhttp://kenyalaw.org/kenya_gazette/gazette/volume/MTQ2NQ--/Vol.CXIX-No.31/ Act Carrier bag bag constructed with handles, and with or without gussets; External Policy: Environmental Levy on Plastic Bags Manufactured South Africa in South Africa https://www.sars.gov.za/AllDocs/OpsDocs/Policies/SE-PB-02%20-%20Environmental%20Levy%20on%20Plastic%20Bags%20Manufactured%20in%20South%20Africa%20-%20External%20Policy.pdfCarrier bag Bags constructed with handles and with or without gussets. India Plastic Waste Management Rules,http://moef.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/PWM-Rules-2016-English.pdf 2016 carry bags bags made from plastic material or compostable plastic material, used for the purpose of carrying or dispensing commodities which have a self carrying feature but do not include bags that constitute or form an integral part of the packaging in which goods are sealed prior to use. Canada, Prince Edward Island Plastic Bag Reduction Act https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/p-09-2-plastic_bag_reduction_act.pdfcheckout bag i) any bag intended to be used by a customer for the purpose of transporting items purchased or received by the customer from the business providing the bag, and ii) a bag used to package take-out food or food to be delivered Environmental Management (Plastic Packaging and Plastic Bottles) Regulations, Zimbabwe 2010 http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/zim171720.pdfcling film a thin plastic film that sticks to itself and that is customarily used for wrapping food; Environment Management (Container Deposit) Regulations Fiji 2011 https://files.elaw.org/app/index.do#storage/files/1/Shared/Documents/Legal/plastic/Laws_ByCountry/Fiji?pCollection Agency means a person, retailer, producer, distributor, agency or legal entity that collects items designated under these Regulations for transport to a processor Malawi Environment Management (Plastics) https://cepa.rmportal.net/Library/inbox/environment-management-plastics-regulations-2015/viewRegulations 2015 Commercial distribution of plasticsmaking plastic bags or sheets directly or indirectly available for various purposes including packaging of good, carrying of goods or carrying waste, at a price Bahamas, The Environmental Protection (Control of Plastic Pollution) Act, 2019compostable when used in relation to single use plastic food ware or a single use plastic bag, means single use plastic food ware or a single use plastic bag that - (a) meets the ASTM D6400, Standard Specification for Labelling of Plastics Designed to be Aerobically Composted in Municipal or Industrial Facilities, or another widely recognised standard for composability specified in any regulation made by the Minister under this Act; (b) is clearly labelled as compostable; and ( c) has been certified as compostable by the Biodegradable Products Institute or a similar international certification authority; Town of Qualicum Beach Canada, Qualicum Beach Bylaw NO. 725 https://qualicumbeach.civicweb.net/document/7680compostable bag any bag that a) degrades by biological processes; b) leaves no visible distinguishable or toxic residue; and c) displays one or more compostable mark(s) of conformity, as listed in Appendix A, attached to and forming part of this bylaw Plastic Bag Use Reduction Palau Act https://www.palaugov.pw/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/RPPL-No.-10-14-re.-Plastic-Bag-use-Reduction-...pdfcompostable plastic bag a plastic bag which is able to decompose in aerobic environments that are maintained under specific controlled temperature and humidity conditions, and is capable of undergoing biological decomposition in a compost site such that the material is not visually distinguishable and breaks down into carbon dioxide, water, inorganic compounds and biomass at a rate consistent with known compostable materials Rwanda Law No. 17/2019 of 10/8/2019 Relatinghttp://www.fonerwa.org/sites/default/files/Law_On_Single_Use_Plastics_In_Rwanda.pdf to the Prohibitioncompostable of Manufacturing, plastic material Importation,any material Use andmade Sale from of single-usePlastic Carry plastic Bags or and plastic Single-Use carry bag Plastic made Items from plant-based synthetic materials capable of undergoing biological decomposition in natural conditions India Plastic Waste Management Rules,http://moef.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/PWM-Rules-2016-English.pdf 2016 compostable plastics plastic that undergoes degradation by biological processes during composting to yield CO2, water, inorganic compounds and biomass at a rate consistent with other known compostable materials, excluding conventional petro-based plastics, and does not leave visible, distinguishable or toxic residue Town of Qualicum Beach Canada, Qualicum Beach Bylaw NO. 732 https://qualicumbeach.civicweb.net/document/7687compostable straw a straw that: a) degrades by biological processes; b) leaves no visible, distinguishable or toxic residue; and c) displays one or more compostable mark(s) of conformity, as listed in Appendix A, attached to and forming part of this bylaw. Palau Palau Recycling Act 2006 http://countrysafeguardsystems.net/sites/default/files/Palau%20Recycling%20Act%202006.pdfDeposit Beverage Containermeans the individual, separate, sealed, glass, polyethylene terephthalate, high density polyethylene, or metal container less than or equal to thirty-two fluid ounces, used for containing, at the time of sale to the consumer, a deposit beverage intended for use or consumption in the Republic. Marshall Islands Styrofoam cups and plates, and Plastichttps://rmiparliament.org/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2016/2016-0017/StyrofoamCupsandPlatesandPlasticProductsProhibitionandContainerDepositAct2016_2.pdf Products ProhibitionDisposable and Container Depositan articleAct 2016 designed to be thrown away after use once St. Lucia Styrofoam and Plastic
Recommended publications
  • Plastics Reduction Bylaws Faqs
    and the Lee Recycling Committee Frequently Asked Questions: the Polystyrene and Thin-Film Plastic Shopping Bag Bylaws At the May 2016 Town Meeting, Representatives adopted two bylaws designed to reduce the use of polystyrene drink and food containers and thin-film plastic shopping bags. The bylaws are posted on the Tri-Town Health Department website and in the Recycling Committee’s section of the Town’s website. A summary guide to the bylaws is also posted on these websites. The Tri-Town Health Department and the Lee Recycling Committee are collaborating to help the community transition to the bylaws. We are working to educate residents and businesses about the bylaws and to support them in making any changes. This effort will be ongoing well beyond the mid-May 2017 effective date. We prepared this document as an educational resource and we will update as we receive new questions. We welcome your feedback as well as your questions, so if you have any, please contact Jim Wilusz, Executive Director of the Tri-Town Health Department ([email protected]; 413.243.5540) or Peter Hofman, Chair of the Lee Recycling Committee ([email protected]; 603.767.4250). GENERAL QUESTIONS: When will the bylaws go into effect? Mid-May 2017. What is the purpose of the bylaws? The bylaws were designed to reduce the use of thin-film plastic shopping bags and polystyrene drink and food containers in order to enhance public health and safety, reduce waste disposal and management problems, and improve the environment – including eliminating items commonly found in roadside litter throughout Lee.
    [Show full text]
  • Reducing the Distribution of Single-Use Shopping Bags: a Resource Guide for BC Retailers
    Reducing the Distribution of Single-use Shopping Bags: A Resource Guide for BC Retailers Reducing the Distribution of Single-use Shopping Bags: A Resource Guide for BC Retailers Table of Contents Why Reduce the Distribution of Single-use Shopping Bags? 1 Reducing the Distribution of Single-use Shopping Bags 2 Introduce a Fee 2 Offer a Resuable Bag 2 Provide In-store Recycling 3 Develop a Communications Strategy 3 Develop a Training Program 3 Develop a Green Program 3 Creating a Single-use Bag Reduction Program 4 Staff Training 5 Sourcing a Good Reusable Bag 6 Promoting Proper Bag Recycling 7 Appendix A - Single-use Bag Reduction Plans 8 Single-use Bag Reduction Plan 8 Single-use Bag Elimination Plan 9 Appendix B – Templates for Signage and Till Stickers 10 Appendix C – Sample Scripts for Training Staff on Customer Interaction 11-12 Appendix D - Endnotes 13 Reducing the Distribution of Single-use Shopping Bags: A Resource Guide for BC Retailers i Why Reduce the Distribution of Single-use Shopping Bags? Canadians use somewhere between nine billion and 15 billion plastic bags every year, enough to circle the Earth more than 55 times if 1 tied together . Over two million plastic shopping bags are disposed of in the garbage every week in the City of Vancouver, with 63% of 2 them having been re-used for garbage and pet waste . The manufacture and transportation of plastic bags consume significant amounts of non-renewable resources and they are not bio-degradable. We do not know for sure how long plastic bags will take to break down.
    [Show full text]
  • Waste Wise Coordinator Job Description Information Provided During Waste Wise Farmers’ Market Program Introductory Meeting for Market Sellers, March 15, 2008
    Appendix 2 STAFFING & TRAINING Examples of market seller and volunteer monitor training materials, plus Waste Wise Coordinator job description Information Provided During Waste Wise Farmers’ Market Program Introductory Meeting for Market Sellers, March 15, 2008 Why is CUESA launching a Waste Wise program? • An estimated 90% of materials discarded at market could be composted, but is going to landfill instead. • When food scraps go to landfill, they produce methane, which is 23 times stronger than CO2. • CUESA is committed to sustainable agriculture – would rather capture these food scraps and materials and make them available for reuse to grow foods. • Opportunity to educate public regarding benefits of closing the food loop. • A desire to reduce disposable products, including plastic bags and one-use containers. Phase out of plastic bags will begin in 2009, and CUESA needs your help to do this. • Market shoppers are hungry for it. What will the Waste Wise program include? • New Waste Wise Stations with three bins: one each for compost, recycling and waste. • Educational materials highlighting the lifecycle of food from scraps to compost to food. • Tips for shoppers regarding how to purchase and store food in reusable containers. • Reusable bag give-away (10,000 bags). • Educational, fun activities including bag parade, slide show of recycled art, screening of The Story of Stuff, etc., as part of the Kickoff Celebration. • Resource guide for other farmers’ markets interested in launching compost & recycling collection. • Potential program to acknowledge sellers who use only compostable packaging. What will the new WW program affect market sellers? • Sellers have the ability to make or break this program based on how food is packaged.
    [Show full text]
  • Microstructure and Properties of Polytetrafluoroethylene Composites
    coatings Article Microstructure and Properties of Polytetrafluoroethylene Composites Modified by Carbon Materials and Aramid Fibers Fubao Zhang *, Jiaqiao Zhang , Yu Zhu, Xingxing Wang and Yuyang Jin School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; [email protected] (J.Z.); [email protected] (Y.Z.); [email protected] (X.W.); [email protected] (Y.J.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-13646288919 Received: 12 October 2020; Accepted: 16 November 2020; Published: 18 November 2020 Abstract: Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is polymerized by tetrafluoroethylene, which has high corrosion resistance, self-lubrication and high temperature resistance. However, due to the large expansion coefficient, high temperature will gradually weaken the intermolecular bonding force of PTFE, which will lead to the enhancement of permeation absorption and the limitation of the application range of fluoroplastics. In order to improve the performance of PTFE, the modified polytetrafluoroethylene, filled by carbon materials and aramid fiber with different scales, is prepared through the compression and sintering. Moreover, the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the prepared composite materials are tested. In addition, the influence of different types of filler materials and contents on the properties of PTFE is studied. According to the experiment results, the addition of carbon fibers with different scales reduces the tensile and impact properties of the composite materials, but the elastic modulus and wear resistance are significantly improved. Among them, the wear rate of 7 µm carbon fiber modified PTFE has decreased by 70%, and the elastic modulus has increased by 70%. The addition of aramid fiber filler significantly reduces the tensile and impact properties of the composite, but its elastic modulus and wear resistance are significantly improved.
    [Show full text]
  • Acrylic/PMMA Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) >
    Product Information Sheet Acrylic/PMMA Poly(methyl methacrylate) Acrylic (PMMA) is a water clear transparent polymer suitable for indoor and outdoor applications. PMMA is an economical alternative to polycarbonate (PC) when extreme strength is not required. It also offers great UV stability, scratch resistance, and light transparency over PC. Conventus Polymers is an authorized distributor of LG MMA. Key Features 4Water clear and transparent 4Unsurpassed in ultraviolet resistance 4Excellent scratch resistance 4Highest light transmission 4Ease of molding 4Good chemical resistance 4Easy to color (transparent, translucent, and opaque) 4Excellent economical value Comparison of PMMA vs. Other Transparent Resins Scratch resistance Chemical Transmittance Heat Impact Weatherability Workability 92% resistance resistance 4H resistance 5 Superiority PMMA 4 PC 3 Transparent ABS SAN 2 PS 1 Note: PMMA is the only polymer family that offers the unique combination of UV resistance, light transmission, and scratch resistance. Applications 4 Lighting and lenses 4 Point of purchase displays 4 Optical applications 4 Automotive components 4 PPE equipment and sheet 4 Packaging and cosmetics 4 Appliance components 4 PMMA Product Information Sheet About Conventus Polymers Conventus Polymers offers distribution as well as superior custom compounding and masterbatch solutions in thermoplastic resins. Conventus partners with you to identify the best resins, reinforcements, additives, modifiers, and more to formulate a custom compound for your specific application requirements. Conventus delivers a combination of technology, performance, and quality with speed, flexibility, and service that is unparalleled in today’s industry. The goal is to work as your partner to make your vision a reality. Conventus Manufacturing Expertise The manufacturing facilities at Conventus excel with continuous improvement and highly developed process controls to ensure every batch produced meets our customer's wide array of specifications.
    [Show full text]
  • Greenny Reducing Single-Use Plastics
    Reducing Single-Use Plastics Single-use plastics have only been around for a few decades and make modern life convenient and easy, but What is a Single-Use Plastic? they also have a dark side. Plastic pollution is clogging Single-use plastics (SUP) are commonly used for streams and water infrastructure, littering natural areas, packaging and include items intended to be used only and choking our oceans. Disturbing images of the impact once before they are disposed of. that plastic pollution is having on wildlife and ecosystems also brought the impact of single-use plastics into the Common items include: limelight. • grocery bags • food packaging So, what can we do? • bottles • straws • cups and cutlery 1. Plan Ahead • take-out containers • Make a waste reduction kit for your backpack, handbag, or vehicle so you’re prepared on the go. It can include a reusable: shopping bag, container for leftovers, water bottle, coffee mug, straw, and eating utensils. Keep a similar meal kit at your desk! 2. Think Before You Buy • Purchase and bring plastic free snacks, such as fruit, Avoid products with SUP if possible and if you can’t avoid it, veggies, homemade cookies and dips, and bulk snacks in seek out options with the least amount of packaging. reusable containers. • Purchase refillable travel sized containers for toiletries and • Try bar soap/shampoo/conditioner. refill with larger bottles of products you have at home. • Try a non-plastic toothbrush, such as one made of bamboo. • Purchase post-consumer recycled content trash bags. • Try containers with lids instead of buying plastic wrap to store food.
    [Show full text]
  • Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover Waste: a 4R's Guide
    Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover Waste: A 4R’s Guide For the First Nations Communities of Quebec and Labrador First Nations of Quebec and Labrador Sustainable Development Institute Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover Waste: A 4R’s Guide For the First Nations Communities of Quebec and Labrador First Nations of Quebec and Labrador Sustainable Development Institute March 2008 REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE AND RECOVER WASTE: A 4R’s Guide - For the First Nations Communities of Quebec and Labrador First Nations of Quebec and Labrador Sustainable Development Institute (FNQLSDI) 250, Place Chef Michel-Laveau, bureau 101 Wendake, Quebec, G0A 4V0 EDITING Daniel Dickey, FNQLSDI REVISION Daniel Dickey, FNQLSDI ENGLISH TRANSLATION TeXtoLab PRODUCTION NOTES Printed on Rolland Environ100 Copy, a paper containing 100% post-consumer fibres, certified Ecologo and processed Chlorine Free, manufactured using biogas energy. Cover and tabs printed on Rolland Hitech30 and Rolland Opaque30, papers containing 30% post-consumer fibres, certified Environmental Choice and manufactured using biogas energy. Case Binder is made of 100% recyclable Polypropylene, manufactured with up to 85% recycled material and needing 30% less raw material to produce than regular vinyl binders. DESIGN AND PRINTING ReproCité Reproduction of this document for commercial purposes is strictly forbidden. Reproduction for non-commercial purposes can be allowed with the specific authorization of the First Nations of Quebec and Labrador Sustainable development Institute (FNQLSDI). TABLE OF CONTENTS
    [Show full text]
  • State of Colorado
    AVON TOWN COUNCIL MEETING AGENDA THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 MEETING BEGINS AT 5:00 PM (ALL START TIMES LISTED IN RED ARE APPROXIMATE) !! SETUP AS A VIRTUAL MEETING VIA ZOOM DUE TO COVID-19 AND TOWN HALL CLOSURE AVON TOWN COUNCIL REGULAR MEETING BEGINS AT 5:00 PM 1. CALL TO ORDER AND ROLL CALL 2. APPROVAL OF AGENDA 3. DISCLOSURE OF ANY CONFLICTS OF INTEREST RELATED TO AGENDA ITEMS 4. PUBLIC COMMENT – COMMENTS ARE WELCOME ON ITEMS NOT LISTED ON THE FOLLOWING AGENDA [AN INITIAL THREE (3) MINUTE LIMIT ALLOWED TO EACH PERSON WISHING TO SPEAK. SPEAKER MAY REQUEST MORE TIME AT THE END OF THE THREE (3) MINUTES, WHICH MAY BE APPROVED BY A MAJORITY OF THE COUNCIL.] 5. BUSINESS ITEMS 5.1. REVIEW OF GLENNA GOODACRE’S BRONZE ART IN AVON (CASE MANAGER DANITA DEMPSEY) (10 MINUTES) 5:10 5.2. RESOLUTION TO AWARDING AVON COMMUNITY EMERGENCY RELIEF GRANTS IN RESPONSE TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC (COMMUNICATIONS MANAGER ELIZABETH WOOD) (20 MINUTES) 5:20 5.3. DISCUSSION OF AVON BUSINESS RELIEF (TOWN MANAGER ERIC HEIL) (30 MINUTES) 5:40 5.4. RESOLUTION 20-11 – WALKING MOUNTAINS SCIENCE CENTER COMMUNITY HOUSING – WAIVER OF TAXES AND FEES (TOWN ATTORNEY PAUL WISOR) (20 MINUTES) 6:10 5.5. DISCUSSION OF CULTURE, ARTS AND SPECIAL EVENTS COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS (CASE MANAGER DANITA DEMPSEY) (20 MINUTES) 6:30 5.6. DISCUSSION ON COUNCIL SUPPORT FOR LWCF FUNDING SIGN-ON LETTER (EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT TO THE TOWN MANAGER INEKE DE JONG) (10 MINUTES) 6:50 5.7. DISCUSSION ON REUSABLE GROCERY SHOPPING BAGS AND RISK OF SPREADING COVID-19 (TOWN MANAGER ERIC HEIL) (30 MINUTES) 7:00 5.8.
    [Show full text]
  • Single-Use Plastic Bags and Their Alternatives Recommendations from Life Cycle Assessments
    Single-use plastic bags and their alternatives Recommendations from Life Cycle Assessments Acknowledgments Authors: Tomas Ekvall, Christin Liptow, Sofiia Miliutenko (IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute AB) Reviewers: Anna Rengstedt (BillerudKorsnäs), Caroline Gaudreault (NCASI), Francesco Razza (Novamont), Majurkaa Kujanpaa (StoraEnso), Yuki Hamilton Onda Kabe (Braskem). This publication is commissioned and supervised by the United Nations Environment Programme and the Life Cycle Initiative (Economy Division): Feng Wang, Llorenç Milà i Canals, Joséphine Courtois, Heidi Savelli. Recommended citation: United Nations Environment Programme (2020). Single-use plastic bags and their alternatives - Recommendations from Life Cycle Assessments. Design and layout: Joséphine Courtois This publication has been developed with the kind financial contribution of the Government of Norway. Copyright © United Nations Environment Programme, 2020 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit services without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. United Nations Environment Programme would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Communication Division, United Nations Environment Programme, P. O. Box 30552, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory or city or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Winter Camping
    Winter Camping OK. So how do you stay warm while camping in the snow? Cotton – Cotton is bad for staying warm while being active in winter weather. Once cotton gets wet it loses ALL of its ability to keep you warm and in fact wet cotton will begin to draw heat away from your body. Wool and synthetic fabrics such as polypropylene are much better cold weather fabrics. Both of them can still provide warmth even when wet. Layering - Layering always gets mentioned because it always works. It works because it creates more dead air space around the body to trap more warm air. But not only does it help warm the body, it helps to cool you off and keep you from sweating during periods of high activity. Perspiration needs to be limited because soon after clothing gets wet, people get cold. So layering is important in regulating your temperature. Sometimes it is important to stay cool now so your layers can help you be warm later. Several thin layers are more effective than a single thick layer. Hands - Layering works great for keeping your hands warm too. A good way to accomplish this is to use a thin knit glove in inside an outer mitten with a nylon shell. Mittens are warmer than gloves and by having that extra layer provided by a liner glove, a more effective insulation layer is formed. When more dexterity is needed, the mitten can be removed temporarily and still have the hand covered with the liner glove. A liner glove can be just a simple thin knit glove without an outer nylon shell.
    [Show full text]
  • Acrylic Based Thermoplastic Elastomers: Design and Synthesis for Improved Mechanical Performance
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 5-2017 All Acrylic Based Thermoplastic Elastomers: Design and Synthesis for Improved Mechanical Performance Wei Lu University of Tennessee, Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Materials Chemistry Commons, Organic Chemistry Commons, Polymer and Organic Materials Commons, Polymer Chemistry Commons, and the Polymer Science Commons Recommended Citation Lu, Wei, "All Acrylic Based Thermoplastic Elastomers: Design and Synthesis for Improved Mechanical Performance. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2017. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/4411 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Wei Lu entitled "All Acrylic Based Thermoplastic Elastomers: Design and Synthesis for Improved Mechanical Performance." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Chemistry. Jimmy W. Mays, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Alexei P. Sokolov, Michael D. Best, Thomas A. Zawodzinski Accepted for the Council: Dixie L. Thompson Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) All Acrylic Based Thermoplastic Elastomers: Design and Synthesis for Improved Mechanical Performance A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Wei Lu May 2017 Copyright © 2017 by Wei Lu All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodegradable, Oxo-Degradable and Compostable Bags Observed Over Three Years in the Sea, Open Air and Soil
    Biodegradable, oxo-degradable and compostable bags observed over three years in the sea, open air and soil European scientists have conducted the first ever long-term study into the 28 November 2019 breakdown of alternative plastic bags compared to conventional plastic Issue 536 bags, across multiple habitats — open air, soil and sea. Oxo-degradable, Subscribe to free compostable and biodegradable bags are often marketed as being recycled back weekly News Alert into nature more quickly than normal bags; however, the long-term environmental studies to back this up are lacking and there is concern regarding microplastic Source: Napper, I. and pollution from these alternative plastic bags. Thompson, R. (2019). Environmental Deterioration Single-use plastic bags, made from polyethylene, were introduced in the 1970s of Biodegradable, Oxo- and have become common in daily life worldwide. In 2010 alone an estimated 98.6 biodegradable, billion bags were placed on the European market, which equates to 198 plastic bags per Compostable, and year for the average European1. Europe produces 25 million tonnes of plastic waste every Conventional Plastic Carrier year and only 30% is recycled, with a huge 70% going to landfill or being incinerated2. Lots Bags in the Sea, Soil, and of end-of-life plastics end up in the environment, with a large amount finding its way into Open-Air Over a 3-Year the oceans and terrestrial habitats. If current production trends continue by 2050 there Period. Environmental could be more plastics in the sea than fish. Science & Technology, 53(9), pp.4775-4783. Accumulation of plastic debris in marine habitats has been identified as a major issue by the UN Environment Assembly and in the G7 leaders’ declaration.
    [Show full text]