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Political Liberation in the Arab World Hearing
REDEFINING BOUNDARIES: POLITICAL LIBERATION IN THE ARAB WORLD HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION APRIL 21, 2005 Serial No. 109–81 Printed for the use of the Committee on International Relations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.house.gov/international—relations U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 20–788PDF WASHINGTON : 2005 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Mar 21 2002 10:45 Nov 17, 2005 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 F:\WORK\FULL\042105\20788.000 HINTREL1 PsN: SHIRL COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HENRY J. HYDE, Illinois, Chairman JAMES A. LEACH, Iowa TOM LANTOS, California CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, HOWARD L. BERMAN, California Vice Chairman GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York DAN BURTON, Indiana ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American ELTON GALLEGLY, California Samoa ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida DONALD M. PAYNE, New Jersey DANA ROHRABACHER, California ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey EDWARD R. ROYCE, California SHERROD BROWN, Ohio PETER T. KING, New York BRAD SHERMAN, California STEVE CHABOT, Ohio ROBERT WEXLER, Florida THOMAS G. TANCREDO, Colorado ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York RON PAUL, Texas WILLIAM D. DELAHUNT, Massachusetts DARRELL ISSA, California GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York JEFF FLAKE, Arizona BARBARA LEE, California JO ANN DAVIS, Virginia JOSEPH CROWLEY, New York MARK GREEN, Wisconsin EARL BLUMENAUER, Oregon JERRY WELLER, Illinois SHELLEY BERKLEY, Nevada MIKE PENCE, Indiana GRACE F. -
Newsroom Convergence in Saudi Press Organisations a Qualitative Study Into Four Newsrooms of Traditional Newspapers 1
Newsroom Convergence in Saudi Press organisations A qualitative study into four newsrooms of traditional newspapers 1 Ahmed A. Alzahrani2 A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Journalism Studies University of Sheffield September 2016 1 To cite this thesis: Alzahrani, A. (2016) Newsroom Convergence in Saudi Press Organisations: A qualitative study into four newsrooms of traditional newspapers. PhD Thesis, University of Sheffield. 2 [email protected] Alzahrani Newsroom Convergence in Saudi Press organisations Abstract This is the first study of its kind about newsroom convergence and multi- skilled journalists in Saudi newspaper organisations and aimed to fill a gap in the literature about this particular issue in the Saudi context. The study investigated transformations, implications and consequences of technological convergence at four Saudi traditional newspaper organisations; Al-Madina, Alriyadh, Alyaum, and Alwatan. This thesis has explored the particular impacts of online journalistic production in traditional newspaper organisations to identify changes and perhaps challenges occurring in newspaper newsrooms. The study used the observation method in the four newsrooms and in-depth interviews with open ended questions with 60 professionals. The findings confirmed that there are ongoing transformations in the newsrooms. Yet, these transformations are challenged by regulatory, business, and cultural forces. Alyaum was the only newsroom to introduce new integrated newsroom. Journalists are observing and using new communication technologies in the workplace. However, there are difficulties in this process such as tensions in the newsrooms and shortage of qualified and trained journalists in the Saudi media market especially, multiskilled journalists. Despite embracing online and digital technology in news production and disruption, the four Saudi newspapers are still prioritising the traditional print side as it is generating more than 95 % of the annual revenue. -
Saudi Arabia.Pdf
A saudi man with his horse Performance of Al Ardha, the Saudi national dance in Riyadh Flickr / Charles Roffey Flickr / Abraham Puthoor SAUDI ARABIA Dec. 2019 Table of Contents Chapter 1 | Geography . 6 Introduction . 6 Geographical Divisions . 7 Asir, the Southern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �7 Rub al-Khali and the Southern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �8 Hejaz, the Western Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �8 Nejd, the Central Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 The Eastern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 Topographical Divisions . .. 9 Deserts and Mountains � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 Climate . .. 10 Bodies of Water . 11 Red Sea � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Persian Gulf � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Wadis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Major Cities . 12 Riyadh � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �12 Jeddah � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �13 Mecca � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � -
Saudi Arabia Page 1 of 18
Saudi Arabia Page 1 of 18 Published on Freedom House (https://freedomhouse.org) Home > Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Country: Saudi Arabia Year: 2015 Status: Not Free Total Score: 73 (0 = Best, 100 = Worst) Obstacles to Access: 15 (0 = Best, 25 = Worst) Limits on Content: 24 (0 = Best, 35 = Worst) Violations of User Rights: 34 (0 = Best, 40 = Worst) Population: 30.8 million Internet Penetration: 64 percent Social Media/ICT Apps Blocked: Yes Political/Social Content Blocked: Yes Bloggers/ICT Users Arrested: Yes Press Freedom Status: Not Free Key Developments: https://freedomhouse.org/print/47723 12/8/2016 Saudi Arabia Page 2 of 18 June 2014–May 2015 • The Saudi television channel Rotana ordered Google to take down a video of the satirical YouTube show “Fitnah” on copyright grounds, after the show had used footage from Rotana to criticize its owner, Prince Waleed bin Talal. The video was later restored by YouTube (see Content Removal). • Human rights activists Waleed Abu al-Khair and Fowzan al-Harbi have had their prison sentences extended to 15 and 10 years, respectively, upon appeals by the public prosecutor (see Prosecutions and Detentions for Online Activities). • Raif Badawi, who co-founded the website Saudi Arabia Liberals, had his 10-year sentence suspended and later upheld by the Supreme Court and received the first set of 50 lashes in January. He was sentenced to a total 1,000 lashes, to be carried out in public (see Prosecutions and Detentions for Online Activities). • During a funeral for the victims of an attack by Islamic State (IS) militants on a Shiite mosque, political activist Waleed Sulais was beaten by two men who accused him of insulting them on social networks (see Intimidation and Violence). -
Successful Strategies for Media Houses
In cooperation with 9th WAN-IFRA Middle East Conference · 12-13 March 2014, Dubai THE FUTURE STARTS TODAY SUCCESSFUL STRATEGIES FOR MEDIA HOUSES GOLD PARTNERS SILVER PARTNERS SUPPORTING PARTNERS In cooperation with 9th WAN-IFRA Middle East Conference · 12-13 March 2014, Dubai Programme Day 1 – March 12th 14:30 Driving Newsroom Innovation with the Power of Your People “How to unleash newsroom innovation by tapping into the Offical opening talent of your staff”. Journalists at news desks and on the road are the people 10:00 Official opening of the conference that transform newsroom strategies into reality. They Welcome speech: breathe life into the vision, taking goals, milestones and H.R.H. Princess Rym Ali, Jordan metrics from flipcharts and excel spreadsheets into the real world. Without well-trained staff and an environment that 10:30 Welcome address from the region nurtures rather than stifles creativity, a newsroom transfor- Dhaen Shaeen, CEO of Publishing Sector, mation may never reach its full potential. Dubai Media Incorporated, Dubai, UAE Jonathan Halls, Adjunct Prof, George Washington University, USA Saleh Alhumaidan, Managing Director, Al-Yaum Media House Dammam, Saudi Arabia, and Chairman of 15:00 Focusing on the Local: Mantiqti, the the WAN-IFRA Middle East Committee region’s first quality hyperlocal newspaper Mohammad Abdullah, Managing Director, Media Mantiqti, the first “hyper local” free newspaper in Egypt Cluster – TECOM Investments, Dubai, UAE and the Middle East is distributed across Cairo’s vibrant downtown district – door to door to residents, at branded 10:50 Welcome address from WAN-IFRA stands in cafes and among local businesses ranging from Vincent Peyrègne, Chief Executive Officer, the Stock Exchange to medical doctors, lawyers, tourism WAN-IFRA, France companies and others. -
Revolutionary Afghanistan Is No Exception
CONTENTS PREFACE 1. In Search of Hafizullah Amin 6 2. Three Revolutionaries 12 3. A House Divided: the PDPA, 1965-1973 25 4. The Making of a Revolution: the PDPA, 1973-1978 39 5. The Inheritance: Afghanistan, 1978 53 6. Strategy for Reform 88 7. The Eid Conspiracy 106 8. A Treaty and a Murder: Closing the American Option 120 9. The Question of Leadership 133 10. The Summer of Discontent 147 11. The End Game 166 12. ‘. And the People Remain’ 186 Select Bibliography 190 PREFACE PREFACE The idea for this book arose from a visit to Kabul in March 1979 when it became immediately obvious that what was happening in Afghanistan bore little relation to reports appearing in the Western media. Further research subsequently reinforced that impression. Much of the material on which the book is based was collected in the course of my 1979 field trip which took me to India, Pakistan and the United Kingdom as well as Afghanistan and during a follow-up trip to India and Pakistan from December 1980 to January 1981. Unfortunately by then times had changed and on this second occasion the Afghan government refused me a visa. Texts of speeches and statements by Afghan leaders and other Afghan government documents have for the most part been taken from the Kabul Times, since these are in effect the official version. I have however taken the liberty where necessary of adjusting the syntax of the Afghan translator. The problem of transliteration is inescapable, and at the risk of offending the purists I have chosen what appears to be the simplest spelling of Afghan names and have tried to be consistent. -
Developments on E-Invoicing
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Developments on E-Invoicing December 2020 Insights Tax and Legal Services PwC Middle East In brief The Electronic Invoicing (‘E-Invoicing’) regulation was published on 4 December 2020 and will come into force for all registered entities from 4 December 2021. Moreover, the General Authority of Zakat and Tax (‘GAZT’) has published on its portal the Guide on e-invoicing and a list of FAQs to help taxpayers comply with the new requirements in relation to E-invoicing. All above documents are issued in Arabic language at the moment and can be accessed through the following link: https://gazt.gov.sa/ar/RulesRegulations/UnderConsultations/Pages/Rule_004.aspx In detail a) E-Invoicing Regulations (‘Regulations’) After completing the public consultation process in relation to the E-invoicing regulation, GAZT board of director has approved the final version of the E-invoicing regulation and published it in the official Saudi gazette on 4 December 2020. These Regulations, which entered into force from the date of their publishing, contain the framework of the E-Invoicing mechanism GAZT is anticipating to apply within the effective date and expects persons subject to the E-invoicing regulation to comply with as of 4 December 2021. It is expected that further details would follow prior to the effective date to help taxpayers comply with the new E-invoicing requirements. b) Guide on E-Invoicing The guide issued by GAZT provide additional information over the requirements established under the E-invoicing regulations. It includes i) The definition of an E-invoice, ii) The timeline to implement E-invoicing in KSA, iii) The taxpayers who will be subject to the regulations of E-invoicing, iv) The Preliminary and basic requirements for technical solutions related to E-invoicing, and v) The violations and penalties. -
Primary Healthcare Centers Accreditation Status Till 31 May 2020
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Saudi Health Council Saudi Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions Primary HealthCare Centers Accreditation Status till 31 May 2020 • Primary HealthCare Centers that are not listed below, are scheduled for survey visit. • Conditional Accreditation does not mean that the Primary HealthCare Centers is Accredited. It means that accreditation in progress and the Primary HealthCare Centers is required to submit Corrective Action Plan (CAP) for non-compliance areas Primary Health Care Centers Visit Date Accreditation Status Date of Accreditation End Date of Accreditation Notes N. -
MONTHLY BULLETIN VOLUME 55; ISSUE :55 SEPTEMBER—OCTOBER 2013 News Updates MIDDLE EAST PUBLISHERS’ ASSOCIATION
MONTHLY BULLETIN VOLUME 55; ISSUE :55 SEPTEMBER—OCTOBER 2013 News Updates MIDDLE EAST PUBLISHERS’ ASSOCIATION MEPA'S OBJECTIVES: Sayidaty.net No. 1 Arab women's website worldwide ! • To encourage the widest possible spread Sayidaty, a sister publication of Arab News, reached of publications throughout Middle East in August first place among the most visited Arab magazine and beyond. websites for women worldwide, according to Effec- • To promote and protect by all lawful means the publishing industry in Middle tive Measure, a leading online measurement provider in the East world. • To protect members by dealing collec- More than 1.6 million unique users visited Sayidaty last tively with problems. month, generating more than 20 million page views from • To cooperate for mutual benefits with around the world with half of the visitors coming from the other organizations concerned in the Prince Turki bin Salman creation, production and distribution of GCC, according to Google Analytics. publications. Sayidaty launched its new website in September 2012 with a strategy of covering all • To promote the development of public that are required by Arab women in their daily lives. The content includes social issues, interest in publications in association fashions, jewelry, children’s education, marriage, family relations, cuisine, health, with other publishing organizations with work, lifestyle, home, décor capacity building and more. similar objectives. • To serve as a medium for exchange of Sayidaty is considered the largest circulating women’s magazine in the Middle East. ideas with respect to publication, sales The success of its website on the Internet reflects its wealthy content in both print and copyright and other matters of interest. -
Saudi Arabia List of Issues Prior to Reporting
Saudi Arabia List of Issues Prior to Reporting Report submitted to the United Nations Committee against Torture in the context of the third periodic review of Saudi Arabia June 2021 Table of Contents 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3 2 2016 Concluding Observations and implementation of priority recommendations ........................ 3 3 Definition and criminalisation of torture (articles 1, 2 and 4) ......................................................... 6 4 Duty to prevent torture (article 2) ................................................................................................... 7 4.1 Fundamental legal safeguards .................................................................................................. 7 4.2 Torture in the context of counter-terrorism .............................................................................. 8 4.3 Enforced disappearances and secret detention ....................................................................... 10 5 Accountability and redress (articles 12, 13, 14) ............................................................................ 13 5.1 Failure to investigate allegations of torture (article 12) ......................................................... 13 5.2 Failure to provide redress to victims (article 14) ................................................................... 13 6 Failure to exclude torture tainted confessions from criminal proceedings, -
Maritime Boundary Agreements 172 6.1 Introduction 172 6.2 Saudi-Bahrain 1958 Agreement 172 6.2.1 Historic Background 174 6.2.2 Boundary Delimitation 176
Durham E-Theses Maritime boundary delimitation of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia a study in political geography Al-Muwaled, Faraj Mobarak Jam'an How to cite: Al-Muwaled, Faraj Mobarak Jam'an (1993) Maritime boundary delimitation of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia a study in political geography, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10368/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 MARITIME BOUNDARY DELIMITATION OF THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA A STUDY IN POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Fara.i Mobarak Jam'an AI-Muwaled The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Social Science in the Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Durham, U.K. -
Applying the Creative City Concept to Makkah
Urban Transformation Through Creativity: Applying the Creative City Concept to Makkah Saeed A. Alamoudy A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Media at the University of Salford School of Arts and Media 1 Table of Contents List of Tables ............................................................................................................6 List of Figures...........................................................................................................7 Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................9 Abstract .................................................................................................................. 10 Publications ............................................................................................................ 11 Papers presented .................................................................................................... 11 Conference Co-organiser ....................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ................................................................... 12 Research Aim ................................................................................................................ 12 Research objectives ....................................................................................................... 12 Research Rationale .......................................................................................................