DOCSLIB.ORG

Characterization of Chitosan Films for Cell Culture Applications Michael Katalinich

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Characterization of Chitosan Films for Cell Culture Applications Michael Katalinich The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library 12-2001 Characterization of Chitosan Films for Cell Culture Applications Michael Katalinich Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Complex Fluids Commons Recommended Citation Katalinich, Michael, "Characterization of Chitosan Films for Cell Culture Applications" (2001). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 245. http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/245 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOSAN FILMS FOR CELL CULTURE APPLICATIONS I BY Michael Katalinich B.S. University of Colorado, Boulder, 1997 A THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (in Chemical Engineering) The Graduate School The University of Maine December, 2001 Advisory Committee: Amy1 Ghanem, Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering, Advisor Douglas Bousfield, Professor of Chemical Engineering Rebecca Van Beneden, Professor of Biochemistry and Marine Sciences CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOSAN FILMS FOR CELL CULTURE APPLICATIONS By Michael Katalinich Thesis Adyisor: Dr. Amy1 Ghanem An Abstract of the Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (in Chemical Engineering) December, 200 1 Chitosan (P-(l,4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose)is a naturally occurring, abundant biopolymer exhibiting desirable biomaterial properties of biodegradability, low toxicity and good biocompatibility. These properties indicate the suitability of chitosan as a surface for mammalian cell growth. The goal of this thesis is to explore the potential for using chitosan as a surface for NIH 3T3 fibroblast attachment and growth. '4 standard, reproducible film-formation technique, based on other researchers techniques was established. The reproducibility of this technique. through characterization of the physical and chemical properties of these films, was good. The attachment and growth of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts on chitosan films and controls was measured. These films were modified by physical and chemical means to optimize the attachment and growth of the NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Physical properties, including film tensile properties, surface roughness of films, and chemical properties including the degree of deacetylation (measure of number of acetylated amino groups in the chitosan polysaccharide) and surface free energy (SFE) estimated by contact angle measurements were performed to characterize the chitosan films. Chitosan films of 0.5, 1.5 and 3.0% (wlv) support the attachment and proliferation of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts at rates lower than polystyrene controls. The film tensile properties, surface roughness and surface free energies indicate that the film-formation technique gives films with reproducible physical and chemical properties. The sterilization of films with ultraviolet aAd infrared lamps (UV-IR) over time changes the water-in-air contact angle (WIA) and increases the overall SFE of the films. This is an important result because the WIA contact angle has been shown influential to the rate of cell attachment, and the SFE has been shown to affect the degree of fibroblast spreading. Our results indicate that UV-IR treatment of chitosan films can change the WIA contact angle and SFE of the films, and can potentially be used to optimize the attachment and spreading of fibroblasts on these films. The ability of these chitosan films to support cell attachment and growth indicates their potential use as biomedical surfaces. Good attachment and growth results in rapid and efficient wound repair. This research may result in the development of biodegradable tissue-engineering matrices. This development requires an understanding of the basic cell-chitosan surface interactions. DEDICATION This paper is dedicated to my father, David Katalinich. He was a significant driving force in the continuation of my education after high school. This work is a direct I reflection of his influence on my professional career. He is my real-life hero and a wonderful father. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to thank his advisor, Dr. Amy1 Ghanem, for her guidance, and support on all aspects of this project throughout the duration of this study. Dr. Ghanem's considerable effort towards fie review and correction of papers and presentations was both beneficial and enlightening. The author would also like to thank Dr. Douglas Bousfield for his input on various aspects of this project, especially advice concerning the characterization of the films utilized in this study. The author is pleased to thank Dr. Rebecca Van Beneden for her support of the author and the project over the last two years. Dr. Van Beneden's input regarding cell culture-related project aspects was very helpful. The author thankfully acknowledges all of those individuals who assisted with the completion of this project. Specifically, thanks to Manish Giri for his assistance with rheology testing of samples, Yang Xiang for help with image capture and analysis, Jong Tae Youn for help with tension tests of samples, Ben McCool for help with surface area and porosity measurements, and Brian Nimess for help with FTIR testing of samples. Additionally, thanks to Dr. Thompson for the donation of the UV-IR oven used to sterilze samples, Dr. Co and Amos Cline for IT support, and Mark Paradis for the use of vital testing equipment. Thanks to Angel Hildreth and Cathy Dum for help with department- related issues. Also, thanks to Dan Jolicoeur for help with obtaining supplies and with the fabrication and repair of tools integral to this project. Finally, a special thank you is extended to Scott Delcourt, Director of the Graduate School, and Chet Rock, Dean of the College of Engineering, for much-needed financial support towards the end of this project. TABLE OF CONTENTS .. DEDICATION .............................................................................................................11 ... ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... .... ...............................................................................ill LIST OF FIGURES ................ .... ............+ LIST OF TABLES .....................................................................................................xi LIST OF EQUATIONS ............................................................................................ xii 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Project Objective .................................................................................................1 . 1.2. Chitin and Chitosan ............................................................................................. 1 1.3. Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials ................................................................. 5 1.4. Cell Culture . Use of NIH 3T3 Fibroblasts .........................................................6 2 . BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................8 2.1. Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials .................................................................8 2.1.1. Tissue Engineering: Applications and Approaches ....................................8 2.1.2. Biomaterials .............................................................................................. 12 2.2. Chitosan ............................................................................................................ 16 2.2.1. Applications of Chitosan as a Biomaterial ................................................ 16 2.2.1.1 Chitosan and Various Cell Types ......................................................... 18 2.2.1.1.1 Chitosan and Anchorage-Dependent Cells ..................................... 19 2.2.1.1.2 Chitosan, Immune Cells, and Blood-Related Tissues ..................... 20 2.2.1.1.3 Chitosan and Bone Tissues .............................................................22 2.2.1.2 Other Important Applications ............................................................... 24 2.2.1.3 Chitosan and Fibroblasts ....................................................................... 25 2.2.2 Film. Membrane and 3-D Matrix Formation Techniques for Chitosan .... 31 2.3. Cellular Function and the Wound Repair Process ........................................ 34 2.3.1. The Wound Repair Process .....................................................................34 3.3.2 . Cellular Interactions ...............................................................................40 I 2.3.2.1. Cell Attachment and Adhesion .........................................................40 2.3.2.2. Cell Spreading ................................................................................... 44 2.3.2.3. Cell Growth and Migration ...............................................................45 2.3.3. Extracellular Matrix ..................................................................................46 2.4. Fibroblasts .........................................................................................................50 2.5. Important Substrate Properties .......................................................................... 53 2.5.1. Surface Free Energy .................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Scary Movies at the Cudahy Family Library
    SCARY MOVIES AT THE CUDAHY FAMILY LIBRARY prepared by the staff of the adult services department August, 2004 updated August, 2010 AVP: Alien Vs. Predator - DVD Abandoned - DVD The Abominable Dr. Phibes - VHS, DVD The Addams Family - VHS, DVD Addams Family Values - VHS, DVD Alien Resurrection - VHS Alien 3 - VHS Alien vs. Predator. Requiem - DVD Altered States - VHS American Vampire - DVD An American werewolf in London - VHS, DVD An American Werewolf in Paris - VHS The Amityville Horror - DVD anacondas - DVD Angel Heart - DVD Anna’s Eve - DVD The Ape - DVD The Astronauts Wife - VHS, DVD Attack of the Giant Leeches - VHS, DVD Audrey Rose - VHS Beast from 20,000 Fathoms - DVD Beyond Evil - DVD The Birds - VHS, DVD The Black Cat - VHS Black River - VHS Black X-Mas - DVD Blade - VHS, DVD Blade 2 - VHS Blair Witch Project - VHS, DVD Bless the Child - DVD Blood Bath - DVD Blood Tide - DVD Boogeyman - DVD The Box - DVD Brainwaves - VHS Bram Stoker’s Dracula - VHS, DVD The Brotherhood - VHS Bug - DVD Cabin Fever - DVD Candyman: Farewell to the Flesh - VHS Cape Fear - VHS Carrie - VHS Cat People - VHS The Cell - VHS Children of the Corn - VHS Child’s Play 2 - DVD Child’s Play 3 - DVD Chillers - DVD Chilling Classics, 12 Disc set - DVD Christine - VHS Cloverfield - DVD Collector - DVD Coma - VHS, DVD The Craft - VHS, DVD The Crazies - DVD Crazy as Hell - DVD Creature from the Black Lagoon - VHS Creepshow - DVD Creepshow 3 - DVD The Crimson Rivers - VHS The Crow - DVD The Crow: City of Angels - DVD The Crow: Salvation - VHS Damien, Omen 2 - VHS
    [Show full text]
  • Physical and Moral Survival in Stephen King's Universe
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2012-03-06 Monsters and Mayhem: Physical and Moral Survival in Stephen King's Universe Jaime L. Davis Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Classics Commons, and the Comparative Literature Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Davis, Jaime L., "Monsters and Mayhem: Physical and Moral Survival in Stephen King's Universe" (2012). Theses and Dissertations. 2979. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2979 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Monsters and Mayhem: Physical and Moral Survival in Stephen King’s Universe Jaime L. Davis A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Carl Sederholm, Chair Kerry Soper Charlotte Stanford Department of Humanities, Classics, and Comparative Literature Brigham Young University April 2012 Copyright © 2012 Jaime L. Davis All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Monsters and Mayhem: Physical and Moral Survival in Stephen King’s Universe Jaime L. Davis Department of Humanities, Classics, and Comparative Literature, BYU Master of Arts The goal of my thesis is to analyze physical and moral survival in three novels from King’s oeuvre. Scholars have attributed survival in King’s universe to factors such as innocence, imaginative capacity, and career choice. Although their arguments are convincing, I believe that physical and moral survival ultimately depends on a character’s knowledge of the dark side of human nature and an understanding of moral agency.
    [Show full text]
  • Stephen King the Stephen King the Stephen King Checklist Checklist Checklist the Dark Tower the Stand the Dark Tower the Stand the Dark Tower the Stand 1
    The Stephen King The Stephen King The Stephen King Checklist Checklist Checklist The Dark Tower The Stand The Dark Tower The Stand The Dark Tower The Stand 1. The Gunslinger The Dead Zone 1. The Gunslinger The Dead Zone 1. The Gunslinger The Dead Zone 2. The Drawing of the Firestarter 2. The Drawing of the Firestarter 2. The Drawing of the Firestarter Three The Mist Three The Mist Three The Mist 3. The Waste Lands Cujo 3. The Waste Lands Cujo 3. The Waste Lands Cujo 4. Wizard and Glass Pet Sematary 4. Wizard and Glass Pet Sematary 4. Wizard and Glass Pet Sematary 5. Wolves of the Calla Christine 5. Wolves of the Calla Christine 5. Wolves of the Calla Christine 6. Song of Susannah Cycle of the Werewolf 6. Song of Susannah Cycle of the Werewolf 6. Song of Susannah Cycle of the Werewolf 7. The Dark Tower It 7. The Dark Tower It 7. The Dark Tower It 8. The Wind Through the The Eyes of the Dragon 8. The Wind Through the The Eyes of the Dragon 8. The Wind Through the The Eyes of the Dragon Keyhole The Tommyknockers Keyhole The Tommyknockers Keyhole The Tommyknockers Misery Misery Misery Talisman The Dark Half Talisman The Dark Half Talisman The Dark Half (with Peter Straub) Needful Things (with Peter Straub) Needful Things (with Peter Straub) Needful Things 1. The Talisman Dolores Claiborne 1. The Talisman Dolores Claiborne 1. The Talisman Dolores Claiborne 2. Black House Gerald's Game 2. Black House Gerald's Game 2. Black House Gerald's Game Insomnia Insomnia Insomnia The Green Mile Rose Madder The Green Mile Rose Madder The Green Mile Rose Madder 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of I Am Legend on Stephen King´S Cell Bachelor’S Diploma Thesis
    Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of English and American Studies English Language and Literature Anna Hamzová The Influence of I Am Legend on Stephen King´s Cell Bachelor’s Diploma Thesis Supervisor: doc. Michael Matthew Kaylor, PhD. 2016 I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. …………………………………………….. Author’s signature Acknowledgement I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Kaylor, for his support and immense understanding. This thesis would never have existed without his precious advice. I would also like to thank my mother, who introduced me to the world of literature and Stephen King’s work as well, and who has always had my back. And finally, I would like to thank my partner, who has the strongest nerves and an infinite patience. Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................. 5 Chapter 1 – The Authors ............................................................................... 8 1.1. Richard Matheson ........................................................................... 8 1.2. Stephen King ............................................................................... 10 Chapter 2 – Vampire or Zombie? What is the difference? ............................... 14 2.1. Vampiric Stereotypes .................................................................... 14 2.2. The Zombie Evolution ..................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Layer-By-Layer Assembly Nanofilms to Control Cell Functions
    Polymer Chemistry Layer-by-Layer Assembly Nanofilms to Control Cell Functions Journal: Polymer Chemistry Manuscript ID PY-MRV-02-2019-000305.R2 Article Type: Minireview Date Submitted by the 05-May-2019 Author: Complete List of Authors: Zeng, Jinfeng; Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry Matsusaki, Michiya; Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry Page 1 of 13 Polymer Chemistry Review Layer-by-Layer Assembly Nanofilms to Control Cell Functions Jinfeng Zenga, Michiya Matsusakia,b* Received xx January 2019, Accepted xx xx 2019 Controlling cell functions, including morphology, adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation, in the cellular DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x microenvironments of biomaterials is a major challenge in the biomedical fields such as tissue engineering, implantable biomaterials and biosensors. In the body, extracellular matrices (ECM) and growth factors constantly regulate cell functions. For functional biomaterials, the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique offers a versatile method for controllable bio-coating at micro-/nano-meter scale to mimic ECM microenvironments. In this review, an overview of recent research related to the fabrication of cell-function controllable nanofilms via LbL assembly in the form of sheet-like nanofilms and customized nanocoatings around cells or implants is presented. Firstly, the components, driving forces, and especially the new approaches for high-throughput assembly of a nanofilm library are introduced. Moreover, we focus our attention on the control of cell functions via LbL nanofilms in the form of nanofilms and nanocoatings respectively. The effects of tunable growth factor release from multilayers on cell functions are also discussed. oppositely charged polymer solutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Pennywise Dreadful the Journal of Stephen King Studies
    1 Pennywise Dreadful The Journal of Stephen King Studies ————————————————————————————————— Issue 1/1 November 2017 2 Editors Alan Gregory Dawn Stobbart Digital Production Editor Rachel Fox Advisory Board Xavier Aldana Reyes Linda Badley Brian Baker Simon Brown Steven Bruhm Regina Hansen Gary Hoppenstand Tony Magistrale Simon Marsden Patrick McAleer Bernice M. Murphy Philip L. Simpson Website: https://pennywisedreadful.wordpress.com/ Twitter: @pennywisedread Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pennywisedread/ 3 Contents Foreword …………………………………………………………………………………………………… p. 2 “Stephen King and the Illusion of Childhood,” Lauren Christie …………………………………………………………………………………………………… p. 3 “‘Go then, there are other worlds than these’: A Text-World-Theory Exploration of Intertextuality in Stephen King’s Dark Tower Series,” Lizzie Stewart-Shaw …………………………………………………………………………………………………… p. 16 “Claustrophobic Hotel Rooms and Intermedial Horror in 1408,” Michail Markodimitrakis …………………………………………………………………………………………………… p. 31 “Adapting Stephen King: Text, Context and the Case of Cell (2016),” Simon Brown …………………………………………………………………………………………………… p. 42 Review: “Laura Mee. Devil’s Advocates: The Shining. Leighton Buzzard: Auteur, 2017,” Jill Goad …………………………………………………………………………………………………… p. 58 Review: “Maura Grady & Tony Magistrale. The Shawshank Experience: Tracking the History of the World's Favourite Movie. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016,” Dawn Stobbart …………………………………………………………………………………………………… p. 59 Review: “The Dark Tower, Dir. Nikolaj Arcel. Columbia Pictures,
    [Show full text]
  • Needful-Things
    Needful Things By Stephen King ALSO BY STEPHEN KING N O V E L S Carrie 'Salem's Lot The Shining The Stand The Dead Zone Firestarter Cujo The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger Christine Pet Sematary Cycle of the Werewolf The Talisman (with Peter Straub) It Eyes of the Dragon Misery The Tommyknockers The Dark Tower fl: The Drawing of the Three The Dark Half AS RICHARD Bachman Rage The Long Walk Roadwork The Running Man Thinner COLLECTIONS Night Shift Different Seasons Skeleton Crew Four Past Midnight NONFICTION Danse Macabre SCREENPLAYS Creepshow Cat's Eye Silver Bullet Maximum Overdrive Pet Sematary Golden Years VIKING Published by the Penguin Group Viking Penguin, a division of Penguin Books USA Inc 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. Penguin Books Ltd, 27 Weights Lane, Landon W8 5TZ, England Penguin Books Australia Ltd, Ringwood, Victoria, Australia Penguin Books Canada Ltd, 10 Alcorn Avenue, Suite 300, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 3B2 Penguin Books (N.Z.) Ltd, 182-190 Wairau Road, Auckland 10, New Zealand Penguin Books Ltd, Registered offices: Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England First published in 1991 by Viking Penguin, a division of Penguin Books USA Inc. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Copyright (C) Stephen King, 1991 Illustrations copyright (C) Bill Russell, 1991 All rights reserved Grateful acknowledgment is made for permission to use the following copyrighted material.Excerpt from "Snake Oil" by Steve Earle. C 1988 Goldline Music & Duke of Earle. All rights reserved. Used by permission. Excerpt from 'Jailhouse Rock" by Mike Stoner and Jerry Lieber.
    [Show full text]
  • Model M1408-M119-02ADB FATIGUE RATED LOW PROFILE LOAD
    Model M1408-M119-02ADB FATIGUE RATED LOW PROFILE LOAD CELL, DUAL BRIDGE Installation and Operating Manual For assistance with the operation of this product, contact PCB Piezotronics, Inc. Toll-free: 800-828-8840 24-hour SensorLine: 716-684-0001 Fax: 716-684-0987 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.pcb.com Warranty, Service, Repair, and Return Policies and Instructions The information contained in this document supersedes all similar information that may be found elsewhere in this manual. Total Customer Satisfaction – PCB Calibration – Routine calibration of Piezotronics guarantees Total Customer sensors and associated instrumentation Satisfaction. If, at any time, for any is recommended as this helps build reason, you are not completely satisfied confidence in measurement accuracy with any PCB product, PCB will repair, and acquired data. Equipment replace, or exchange it at no charge. calibration cycles are typically You may also choose to have your established by the users own quality purchase price refunded in lieu of the regimen. When in doubt about a repair, replacement, or exchange of the calibration cycle, a good “rule of thumb” product. is to recalibrate on an annual basis. It is also good practice to recalibrate after Service – Due to the sophisticated exposure to any severe temperature nature of the sensors and associated extreme, shock, load, or other instrumentation provided by PCB environmental influence, or prior to any Piezotronics, user servicing or repair is critical test. not recommended and, if attempted, may void the factory warranty. Routine PCB Piezotronics maintains an ISO- maintenance, such as the cleaning of 9001 certified metrology laboratory and electrical connectors, housings, and offers calibration services, which are mounting surfaces with solutions and accredited by A2LA to ISO/IEC 17025, techniques that will not harm the with full traceability to SI through physical material of construction, is N.I.S.T.
    [Show full text]
  • Summer Reading List Suggestions Stephen King
    Summer Reading List suggestions Stephen King Download 1. The Gunslinger DB029232 Seeking vengeance for the death of his father and the dishonoring of his mother, the gunslinger travels through time to face his evil nemesis. 2. On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft DB050873 King describes his writing technique for aspiring authors. He also discusses defining moments from his childhood. 3. Doctor Sleep DB077471 Years after the events in The Shining, Danny Torrance has gained control over his supernatural abilities and befriends a child whose supernatural powers put her at risk. 4. Joyland DB076799 Heartbroken New Hampshire college student Devin takes a summer job at a North Carolina amusement park, where he is intrigued by tales of different ghosts. 5. Under the Dome DB069804 An invisible dome is covering a town, causing tension to escalate for the isolated residents as they try to survive with dwindling resources. 6. The Journals of Eleanor Druse: My Investigation of the Kingdom Hospital Incident DB058074 After Sally has a near-death experience visiting her hospitalized friend, she investigates a decades- old tragedy and puts to rest one young victim’s spirit. 7. It DB028045 It began in 1958 when seven imperiled children searched in the drains beneath the New England town of Derry for the horror they believed lurked there. Twenty-seven years later those children, now grown, recall their buried memories. Large Print 1. Cujo LT017926 Cujo, a family’s beloved Saint Bernard, follows a rabbit in a cave where he is bit by a rabid bat. The family attempts to conceal the illness until bloody deaths follow one after another.
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying First Editions (Updated 2018) the Table Below Lists the First Trade
    Identifying first editions (updated 2018) Compiled by Bev Vincent with the assistance of materials made available by Rich DeMars, John Mastrocco, Steve Oelrich and Shaun Nauman. E-mail corrections or questions to [email protected] The table below lists the first trade edition identification criteria for each of Stephen King's books. The early Doubleday books all say "First Edition" explicitly on the copyright page (CP). There are other identifiers for these books as well. For books that contain strings of numbers to denote the printing, the important consideration is the presence of the numeral 1 in that string, regardless of the format of the numbers. Some possible variations of the printing numbers are: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 All three of these denote a first edition. The numeral 1 will be removed for a second printing. Black House is the exception. First edition copies state "First Edition" on the copyright page and the number sequence will be "2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3". Trim size is given because Book Club editions are often smaller than trade editions. Also, Book Club edition dust jackets (DJ) are occasionally found on first editions to replace lost or damaged jackets. Book Club edition dust jackets are easily identified because they do not have a price marked inside the front cover. Later printing trade edition dust jackets will often have a different price from what is found in the table.
    [Show full text]
  • Bone Density and Muscle Stress in Microgravity
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration Classroom Connections Bone Density and Muscle Stress in Microgravity For more STEMonstrations and Classroom Connections, visit www.nasa.gov/stemonstation. www.nasa.gov ACTIVITY ONE Bone Density Teacher Background th th Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS): Grade Level: 4 -8 4-LS1-1. Construct an argument that plants and animals have internal and external structures that function to support survival, growth, behavior, and reproduction. MS-LS1-1. Conduct an investigation to provide evidence that living things are made of cells; either one cell or many different numbers and types of cells. MS-LS1-3. Use argument supported by evidence for how the body is a system of interacting Time Required: 60 Minutes 5 minutes to watch & discuss the video subsystems composed of groups of cells. STEMonstration: Exercise; 50 minutes to Crosscutting Concepts: Cause and Effect conduct activity; 5 minutes to wrap up discussion with students and their peers. Science and Engineering Practices: Asking questions; Planning and carrying out investigations; Analyzing and interpreting data; Constructing explanations Background Objective Life in the microgravity environment of space brings many Following this activity, students will be able to: changes to the human body. The loss of bone and muscle • Identify the effects of decreased bone mass mass, change in cardiac performance, variation in behavior, and body-wide alterations initiated by a changing nervous system are • Describe why healthy bones are important in space and on some of the most apparent and potentially detrimental effects of Earth microgravity. Loss of bone mass is particularly noticeable because Today you will test how an impact can affect bones of different it affects an astronaut’s ability to move and walk upon return to densities.
    [Show full text]
  • Inhibition of Cell Proliferation, Migration and Invasion by Dnazyme Targeting MMP-9 in A549 Cells
    121-126.qxd 2/6/2009 10:26 Ì ™ÂÏ›‰·121 ONCOLOGY REPORTS 22: 121-126, 2009 121 Inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasion by DNAzyme targeting MMP-9 in A549 cells LIFANG YANG1, WEIZHONG ZENG2, DAN LI3 and RUI ZHOU2 1Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078; 2Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011; 3Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P.R. China Received March 4, 2009; Accepted April 20, 2009 DOI: 10.3892/or_00000414 Abstract. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been to be significantly associated with survival in NSCLC patients regarded as major critical molecules assisting tumor cells and giving an inverse prognostic effect (6-9), thus suggesting during angiogenesis and metastasis. Enhanced expression MMP-9 as an interesting target for adjuvant anticancer therapy of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is associated with in operable NSCLC using specific inhibitors of MMP-9. human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) invasion and DNAzyme is a DNA residue-based molecule capable of metastasis. DNAzyme is a single-stranded DNA catalyst that specific cleavage of complementary mRNA. This catalyst can be engineered to bind to its complementary sequence in has emerged as a potential new class of nucleic acid-based the target gene and cleave the mRNA. In this study, DNAzyme drug because of its relative ease and low cost of synthesis, targeting MMP-9 was designed and synthesized. We found it high stability, and flexible rational design features (10,11). strongly inhibited MMP-9 mRNA and protein expression in These agents have been used in a number of applications the NSCLC cell line A549.
    [Show full text]