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B. JENIS OPTK KATEGORI A2

1. SERANGGA ()

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) 1. Acanthoscelides obtectus Say.; II Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, biji (true seeds Indonesia: Jawa, Sulawesi (Syn. Acanthoscelides irresectus pigeon pea), Cicer arietinum (inc. grain)) Africa: Angola, Burundi, Fåhraeus, Acanthoscelides tetricus (kacang arab, chickpea), DR Congo, , Kenya, Gyllenhal, Bruchidius obsoletus, Glycine max (kedelai, Lesotho, Malawi, Bruchidius obtectus Say, Bruchus soyabean), Lathyrus sativus Mauritius, , fabae Riley, Bruchus irresectus, (grasspea), Phaseolus Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Bruchus obsoletus (Say), Bruchus acutifolius (tepary bean), Saint Helena, Senegal, obtectus Say, Bruchus tetricus Phaseolus coccineus (runner Seychelles, South Africa, Gyllenhal, Laria obtectus Say, Larra bean), Phaseolus (beans), Spain, Swaziland, irresectus, Mylabris obtectus Say); Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Tanzania, Uganda, (Coleoptera: Bruchidae); Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, Zambia, Zimbabwe bean bruchid, American seed , common bean), Pisum sativum America: Argentina, bean beetle, bean weevil, common (pea), Vicia faba (faba bean), Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, bean weevil, dried bean beetle, dried Vigna unguiculata (kacang Canada, Chile, Colombia, bean weevil panjang, cowpea), Zea mays Costa Rica, Cuba, (jagung, corn, maize) Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, - 701 -

Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Venezuela Asia: , , Israel, Japan, , Malaysia, Myanmar, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Tajikistan, Thailand, , Vietnam Europe: Albania, Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea 2. Altha alastor Tams.; II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, batang (stems, Indonesia: Sulawesi (: Limacodidae); coconut) dan Palmae lainnya, trunks, - 702 -

ulat siput/slug caterpillar, the of Bombax (Malvaceae) shoots, borneo branches), daun (leaves), bunga (flowers, inflorescences, cones, calyx), buah (fruits) 3. Amblypelta theobromae Brown; II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, batang (stems, Indonesia: Papua (: Coreidae); coconut), Theobroma cacao trunks, Oceania: Papua New coconut bug (kakao, cocoa) shoots, Guinea branches, daun (leaves), buah (fruits) 4. Atherigona soccata Rondani, 1871; II Brachiaria reptans (sprawling batang (stems) Indonesia: Maluku (Syn. Atherigona indica Malloch, 1923, panicum), Brachiaria Africa: Burkina Faso, DR Atherigona indica ssp. infuscata brizantha, Cymbopogon citratus Congo, Egypt, Ghana, Emden, 1941, Atherigona varia var. (serai wangi, citronella grass), Kenya, , soccata (Rondani) Hennig, 1961); Cymbopogon ceasius, Cynodon Malawi, Mauritius, (Diptera: Muscidae); dactylon (rumput bermuda, Morocco, Nigeria, sorghum shoot (stem) , great fly, bermuda grass), Desmostachya Réunion, South Africa, millet stem fly, millet stem maggot bipinnata (halfa grass), Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Digitaria sanguinalis (large Zimbabwe crabgrass), Echinochloa colona Asia: Bangladesh, , (junglerice), Echinochloa crus- India, Iraq, Israel, galli (barnyard grass), Eleusine Myanmar, Nepal, coracana (jaba, finger’s millet), Pakistan, Philippines, Eleusine indica (goose grass), Saudi Arabia, , Eragrostis japonica (delicate Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam lovegrass), Eriochloa procera Europe: Italy - 703 -

(tropical cupgrass), Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, rice), Panicum antidotale (elbow grass), Panicum miliaceum (millet), Panicum repens (torpedo grass), Paspalum scrobiculatum (ricegrass paspalum), Pennisetum glaucum (bajra, pearl millet), Pennisetum (feather grass), Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass), Setaria intermedia, Setaria pumila (yellow foxtail), Setaria verticillata (bristly foxtai), Sorghum arundinaceum, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass), Sorghum propinquum, Sorghum purpureosericeum, Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Urochloa brizantha (palisade grass), Urochloa distachya, Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) 5. Bactrocera bryoniae (Tryon); II Bryonopsis affinis, Capsicum buah (fruits Indonesia: Bali, (Syn. Chaetodacus bryoniae); frutescens (cabai rawit, chilies), (inc. pods)), Kalimantan, Maluku (Diptera: Tephritidae); Musa spp. (pisang, banana), media tanam Utara, Papua fruit fly Mangifera indica (mangga, (growing Oceania: Australia, - 704 -

mango), Passiflora media French Polynesia, New quadrangularis (markisa, associated Caledonia granadilla, passion-fruit) with plants), tanah (soil) 6. Bactrocera musae (Tryon, 1972).; II Carica papaya (pepaya, buah (fruit Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa (Syn. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) musae papaya), Musa spp. (pisang, (inc. pods), Barat), Kalimantan, Tryon, 1927, Chaetodacus dorsopicta banana), Musa acuminata (wild media tanam Maluku, Nusa Tenggara Tryon, 1927, Chaetodacus dorso-picta banana), Musa banksii (wild (growing Barat (Lombok), Sulawesi, Tryon, 1927, Chaetodacus musae banana), Musa x paradisiaca media Papua Tryon, 1927, Chaetodacus tryoni var. (plaintain), Psidium guajava accompanying Asia: Philippines musae Tryon, 1927, Dacus musae (jambu biji, guava), Ximenia plants), tanah Oceania: Australia, Papua Hardy, 1951, Dacus nigrofasciatus americana (hog plum) (soil) New Guinea Tryon, 1927, Dacus ornatissimus Froggatt, 1909, Strumeta musae May, 1953); (Diptera: Tephritidae); banana fruit fly 7. Bactrocera occipitalis (Bezzi); II Achras (=Manilkara) zapota buah (fruit Indonesia: Kalimantan (Syn. Chaetodacus ferrugineus var. (sawo, sapodilla), Averrhoa (inc. pods), Asia: Brunei Darussalam, occipitalis Bezzi, Chaetodacus carambola (belimbing, media tanam Malaysia, Philippines occipitalis Bezzi, 1919, Dacus dorsalis carambola, star fruit), Citrus (growing var. occipitalis (Bezzi), Dacus occipitalis reticulata (jeruk mandarin, media (Bezzi), Strumeta pedestris var. mandarin, tangerine, mandarin associated occipitalis (Bezzi)); orange), Mangifera indica with plants), (Diptera: Tephritidae) (mangga, mango), Psidium tanah (soil) guajava (jambu biji, guava), Spondias purpurea (hog plum, red mombin) 8. Chaetanaphothrips orchidii (Moulton); II Acer palmatum, Adiantum batang (stems, Indonesia: Jawa (Syn. Anaphothrips orchidii, Euthrips (japanese maple), Adiantum shoots, Africa: Mauritius, Sao - 705 -

orchidii, Physothrips orchidii, (maidenhair ferns), Allium branches), Tome and Principe Taeniothrips orchidii); (onions, garlic, leek, etc), daun (leaves), America: Argentina, (Thysanoptera: Thripidae); Amaranthus (grain amaranth), bunga Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, anthurium thrips, orchid thrips Anthurium andreanum, (flowers, Dominica, Dominican Alternanthera (joyweed), inflorescences, Republic, Ecuador, Bougainvillea, Begonia, cones, calyx), Grenada, Guadeloupe, Chrysanthemum (daisy), Citrus tanah (soil) Honduras, Jamaica, reticulata x paradisi (tangelo), Mexico, Puerto Rico, Saint Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad Citrus x paradisi (jeruk bali, and Tobago, USA, Hawaii pommel, grapefruit), Citrus Asia: China, India, spp. (jeruk, orange), Coix Malaysia, Nepal, Sri lacryma-jobi (jail, Job’s tears), Lanka, Japan, Taiwan Cryptotaenia canadensis, Europe: Italy, Poland Euphorbia (spurges), Oceania: Australia, Tonga Epiphyllum, Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweetpotato), Iresine (blood-leaf), Litchi sinensis (leci, lychee), Lycopersicon, Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Passiflora (passion flower), Paspalum conjugatum (sour paspalum), Piper (pepper), Pisonia, Petroselinum crispum (peterseli, parsley), Orchid, ornamental plants, Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) 9. Chrysomphalus aonidum (Linnaeus, II Asparagus officinalis batang (stems, Indonesia: Jawa, 1758); (asparaga, asparagus), Carica shoots, Sulawesi, Sumatera. (Syn. Aonidiella ficorum Ashmead, papaya (pepaya, papaya), branches), Africa: Algeria, Burundi, - 706 -

Aspidiotus (Chrysomphalus) aonidum Camelia sinensis (teh, tea), daun (leaves), Comoros, Egypt, Ethiopia, (Linnaeus) Hempel, 1900, Aspidiotus Cinnamomum verum buah (fruits Guinea, Kenya, (Chrysomphalus) ficus (Ashmead) (cinnamon), Citrus spp. (jeruk, (inc. pods)) Madagascar, Malawi, Berlese, 1896, Aspidiotus aonidum orange), Citrus aurantiifolia Mauritius, Morocco, (Linnaeus) Cockerell, 1905, Aspidiotus (lime), Citrus limon (lemon), Mozambique, Nigeria, ficorum Ashmead, Aspidiotus ficus Citrus maxima (pummelo), Réunion, Senegal, (Ashmead) Comstock, 1881, Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Seychelles, South Africa, Chrysomphalus ficus Ashmead, 1880, Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit), Spain, Sudan, Tanzania, Coccus aonidum Linnaeus, 1758); Cocos nucifera (kelapa, , Uganda, Zambia, (Hemiptera: Diaspididae); coconut), Dracaena, Dracaena Zimbabwe red scale, Sircular black scale reflexa, Gossypium hirsutum America: Argentina, (kapas, cotton), Lauraceae, Barbados, Bermuda, Palmaceae, Malus domestica Brazil, Cayman Islands, (apel, apple), Mangifera indica Chile, Colombia, Costa (mangga, mango), Musa spp. Rica, Cuba, Dominica, (pisang, banana), Musa x Dominican Republic, El paradisiaca (plantain), Phoenix Salvador, French Guiana, dactylifera (kurma, date-palm), Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Pinus merkusii (pinus, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, pinetree), Pinus (pines) Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, United States Virgin Islands, Hawaii, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: Bhutan, British - 707 -

Indian Ocean Territory, China, DPR Korea (North Korea), India, , Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, , Malaysia, Myanmar, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Republic of Korea (South Korea), Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, , Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen Europe: Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, Malta, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Serbia, Slovenia Oceania: American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Kiribati, New Caledonia, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu. - 708 -

10. Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan, II (wattles), Acer palmatum batang (stems Indonesia: Jawa, Papua, 1889); (Japanese maple), Agave, Aloe (above Sumatera (Syn. Aspidiotus (Chrysomphalus) (grey alder), , Araucaria ground), Africa: Algeria, Angola, dictyospermi (Morgan) Cockerell, 1897, angustifolia (Paraná pine), shoots, Benin, Cameroon, Cape Aspidiotus agrumicula De Gregorio, Artocarpus (breadfruit trees), trunks, Verde, Comoros, Congo, 1915, Aspidiotus arecae (Newstead) Asparagus, Albizia julibrissin branches), DR Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Cockerell, 1894, Aspidiotus (silk tree), Areca, Areca catechu daun (leaves), Ethiopia, Guinea, Ivory dictyospermi Morgan, 1889, Aspidiotus (pinang, betelnut-pam), buah (fruits Coast, Kenya, Libya, dictyospermi jamaicensis Cockerell, Bambusa vulgaris (common (inc. pods), Madagascar, Mozambique, 1894, Aspidiotus dictyospermi var. bamboo), Buxus (box), kulit kayu Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, arecae Newstead, 1893, Aspidiotus Cactaceae (cacti), Camellia, (bark), bunga Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, jamaicensis (Cockerell) Ferris, 1941, Carica papaya (pepaya, (flowers, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Aspidiotus mangiferae Cockerell, papaw), Ceratonia siliqua inflorescences, Leone, Somalia, South 1893, Chrisomphalus dictyospermi (locust bean), Cinnamomum, cones, calyx) Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Yasnosh, 1995, Chrysomphalus arecae Colocasia, Crataegus Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, (Newstead) Malenotti, 1916, (hawthorns), Cupressus Zambia, Zimbabwe. Chrysomphalus castigatus Mamet, macrocarpa (monterey cypress), America: Argentina, 1936, Chrysomphalus dictyospermatis Cycas, Cymbidium, Bahamas, Barbados, Lindinger, 1949, Chrysomphalus Cypripedium, Citrus spp. Bermuda, Brazil, Bolivia, jamaicensis (Cockerell) Malenotti, (jeruk, orange), Citrus Chile, Colombia, Costa 1917, Chrysomphalus jamaucebsis aurantiifolia (lime), Citrus Rica, Cuba, Dominican Chou, 1895, Chrysomphalus aurantium (sour orange), Citus Republic, El savador, mangiferae (Cockerell) Leonardi, 1899, maxima (pummelo), Citrus Ecuador, Grenada, Chrysomphalus minor Berlese, 1896); sinensis (navel orange), Citrus Guadeloupe, Guatemala, (Hemiptera: Diaspididae); unshiu (satsuma), Citrus x Guyana, Honduras, dictyospermum scale, Morgan’s scale, paradisi (grapefruit), Cocos Jamaica, Mexico, palm scale, red scale, Spanish red nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Nicaragua, Panama, scale, western red scale Dracaena, Dendrobium, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Dictyosperma, Diospyros Rico, Saint Lucia, (malabar ebony), Elaeis Suriname, Trinidad and - 709 -

guineensis (kelapa sawit, oil Tobago, USA, Hawaii, palm), Erythrina variegata South Carolina, Uruguay, (Indian coral tree), Eucalyptus United States Virgin (Eucalyptus tree), Eugenia, Islands, Venezuela. Euphorbia regis-jubae, Ficus, Asia: Cambodia, China, Fraxinus (ashes), Grevillea, Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Hedera (Ivy), Hibiscus syriacus Israel, Japan, (shrubby althaea), Howea Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, forsteriana (paradise palm), Lao PDR (Laos), Lebanon, Howea, Olea (olive), Olea Malaysia, Mongolia, europaea subsp. europaea Myanmar, Philippines, (zaitun, olive), Latania, Laurus Republic of Korea (South (laurel), Ligustrum (rivet), Korea), Sri Lanka, Syria, Macadamia tetraphylla (rough- Taiwan, Tajikistan, shell macadamia nut), Malus Thailand, Turkey, (ornamental species apple), , Mangifera indica (mangga, Uzbekistan, Vietnam. mango), Manihot, Musa Europe: Albania, Armenia, (pisang, banana), Musa x Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, paradisiaca (pisang kepok, Belarus, Bosnia and plantain), Monstera deliciosa Herzegovina, Czech (ceriman), Morus Republic, Croatia, (mulberrytree), Myristica Estonia, France, Georgia, (nutmeg), Nerium oleander Germany, Greece, Italy, (oleander), Palmaceae lainnya, Latvia, Lithuania, Phoenix (date palm), Portugal, Poland, Malta, Phormium, Pinus (pines), Moldova, Montenegro, Pistacia, Persea americana North Macedonia, Kosovo, (avokad, avocado), Plumeria, Ukraine, Russia, Plumeria (frangipani), Romania, Serbia, - 710 -

Pittosporum, Platanus (planes), Slovenia, Spain, Slovakia Populus (poplars), Prunus Republic, United Kingdom (stone fruit), Psidium guajava Oceania: American (guava), Punica, Pyrus (pears), Samoa, Australia, Quercus (oaks), Rhamnus Federated states of (Buckthorn), Roystonea, Micronesia, Cook Islands, Ruscus, Rute (rue), Rosa Fiji, French Polynesia, (roses), Solanum melongena Guam, Johnston Island, (terung, aubergine, eggplant), Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Syzygium malaccense (jambu New Caledonia, Niue, bol, malay-apple), Solanaceae, Norfolk Island, Northern Salix (willows), Sida, Sophora, Mariana Islands, Palau, Spondias (purple mombin), Papua New Guinea, Strelitzia, Taxus baccata Samoa, Solomon Islands, (english yew), Tamarindus, Tonga, Tuvalu Thuja occidentalis (Eastern white cedar), Thuja occidentalis . (Eastern white cedar), Vanilla planifolia (vanilla), Vitis vinifera (grapevine), Xanthosoma (cocoyam), Yucca, Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger) 11. Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillet, 1899); II Sorghum arundinaceum, biji (true seed Indonesia: Jawa (Syn. Contarinia sorghicola, Contarinia Sorghum dochna, Sorghum (inc. grain)), Africa: Benin, Burkina saltata, Contarinia andropogonis, halepense (Johnson grass), bunga Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Contarinia palposa, Diplosis sorghicola, Sorghum sudanense (sudan (flowers, Central African Republic, Allocontarinia sorghicola); grass), Sorghum bicolor inflorescences, Chad, DR Congo, (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae); (sorgum, sorghum), cones, calyx) Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, ganjur (sorgum)/Sorghum midge rerumputan (Triodia flava, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Setaria qlauce, Andropogon Mauritius, Niger, Nigeria, - 711 -

gayanus) Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, United States Virgin Islands, Hawaii, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: India, Iran, Japan, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Yemen Europe: France, Italy, Russian Federation Oceania: Australia, Fiji, - 712 -

New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea

12. Coptocercus biguttatus (Donovan, II Myristica fragrans (pala, batang (stems, Indonesia: Maluku (Pulau 1805); nutmeg), Syzygium aromaticum trunks, Ambon, Pulau Seram) (Syn. Sternocorus biguttaus Donovan, (cengkeh, clove) shoots), Oceania: Australia, Papua 1805, Coptocercus decorus Perroud, ranting New Guinea 1855); (branches) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae); 13. Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann, 1896); II Albizia, Pinus, Hevea, other batang (stems Indonesia: Jawa (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae); wood (above Africa: Madagascar, Asian subterranean termite ground), Mauritius, Reunion shoots, America: Antigua, trunks, Barbados, Brazil, Cayman branches), Islands, Mexico, kayu (woods) Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St Kitts and Nevis, USA, US Virgin Islands Asia: Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand Europe: Italy Oceania: French Polynesia 14. Cryptophasa watungi Watung, 2014; II Syzygium aromaticum batang (stems Indonesia: Sulawesi (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae) (cengkeh, clove) (above (Sulawesi Utara) ground), shoots, branches) 15. Dalbulus maidis DeLong & Wolcott; II Tripsacum (gamagrass), Zea daun (leaves), Indonesia: Sulawesi (Syn. Baldulus maidis DeLong & mays (jagung, corn, maize), batang (stems (Sulawesi Tengah) Wolcott, Cicadula maidis DeLong & Zea spp. (above America: Argentina, - 713 -

Wolcott) ground), Brazil, Colombia, Costa (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); shoots, Rica, Cuba, Dominican corn leafhopper; maize leafhopper branches) Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, USA, Venezuela 16. Darna bradleyi Holloway; II Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, batang (stems Indonesia: Sumatera (Syn. Ploneta bradleyi); oil palm) (above (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae); ground), ulat api, fire worm trunks, shoots, branches), daun (leaves) 17. Darna catenatus (Snellen); II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, daun (leaves) Indonesia: Sulawesi, (Syn. Orthocraspeda catenata coconut), Elaeis guineensis Papua (Snellen), Orthocraspeda catenatus); (kelapa sawit, oil palm), (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae). Metroxylon sagu (palem sagu, sago palm) 18. Diaspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) II Acacia (wattles), Acer (maples), batang (stems Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa Cockerell, 1899, Danzig, 1993; Actinidia, Aesculus (buckeye), (above Timur) (=Aonidia fusca =Aonidiella fusca =A. Alianthus, Akebia, Albizia, ground), Africa: Algeria, Angola, DR perniciosa =Aspidiotus (Comstockaspis) Alnus (alders), Aloe (grey trunks, Congo, Congo, Morocco, perniciosus =A. (Diaspidiotus) alders), Althea (hollyhocks), shoots, South Africa, Tunisia, andromelas =A. (Diaspidiotus) Amelanchier (serviceberries), branches), Zimbabwe perniciosus =A. (Hemiberlesiana) Ampelopsis, Antirhinum daun (leaves), America: Argentina, perniciosus =A. perniciosus =A. (snapdragon), Aralia, Arbutus, buah (fruits), Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, albopunctatus =A. fuscus =A. Aristolochia (dutchman’s pipe), stalk Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, - 714 -

perniciosus =Comstockaspis perniciosa Asclepias (Silkweed). Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, =Diaspidiotus perniciosus Asparagus officinalis USA, Uruguay, Venezuela =Hemiberlesia perniciosa (asparagus), Aster, Aucuba, Asia: Afghanistan, =Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Baccharis, Bambusa (bamboo), Bangladesh, Bhutan, =Q.perniciosus); Berberis (barberries), Betula Brunei, China, DPR Korea (Hemiptera: Diaspididae); (birches), Bignonia, Buddleia (North Korea), Georgia, California scale, Chinese scale, (Butterflybush), Buxus (box), India, Iran, Iraq, Japan, perniciosus scale, San José scale Callistemon (Bottle brush), Kazakhstan, Nepal, Camelia, Canna, Caragana, Pakistan, Republic of Carpinus (hornbeams), Carya Korea (South Korea), (hickories), Caryopteris (blue- Tajikistan, Thailand, beard), Castanea (chestnut), Turkey, Uzbekistan, Catalpa, Ceanothus (white- Vietnam, Yemen thorn), Cedrus (cedars), Celtis Europe: Albania, Armenia, (nettle tree), Cephalanthus Austria, Azerbaijan, (buttonbush), Cercis (redbud), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Chaenomeles (flowering Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech quinces), Chamaecyparis (false Republic, France, cypress), Chrysanthemum Germany, Greece, (daisy), Cinnamomum, Citrus Hungary, Italy, Moldova, spp.(jeruk, orange), Clarastis, Montenegro, Netherlands, Clematis, Cleodendrum North Macedonia Poland, (Fragrant clerodendron), Portugal, Romania, Convolvulus (morning glory), Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Cornus (Dogwood), Corylopsis, Slovenia, Spain, Corylus, Cotoneaster, Switzerland, Ukraine, Crataegus (hawthorns, Oceania: Australia, New Cupressus (cypresses), Zealand Cydonia (quince), Cytisus (Broom), Dahlia, Daphne, - 715 -

Daucus (carrot), Deutzia, Diervilla (bush-honeysuckle), Diospyros (malabar ebony), Eleagenus, Erica (heaths), Erigeron (Fleabane). Eriobotrya, Eucalyptus, Euonymus, Euphorbia (spurges), Fagus (beeches), Ficus, Forsythia (golden bells), Fragaria (Strawberry), Fraxinus (ashes), Gaylussacia (huckleberry), Genista (broom), Ginkgo, Gymnocladus, Hamamelis (witchhazel), Hedera (Ivy), Hibiscus (rosemallows), Hydrangea (hydrangeans), Hypericum (st Johnsworts), Ilex (Holly), Inula (Elecampene), Jasminum (jasmine), Juglans (walnuts), Juniperus (junipers) Kalmia (laurel), Kerria, Laburnum anaryroides (laburnum), Lagerstroemia, Larix (larches), Laurus (laurel), Lespedeza, Ligustrum (privet), Lilium (lily), Lindera (spicebush), Liquidambar (amber tree), Liriodendron (tulip tree), Lonicera (honeysuckles), - 716 -

Lycium (boxthorn), Maclura (osage-orange), Magnolia, Mahonia (holly grape), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Malva, Mesembryanthemum, Mespilus (medlar), Morus (mulberrytree), Myrica (waxmyrtles), Myrtus (myrtle), Nerium (oleander), Nyssa (tupelo), Olea (olive), Ostrya, Paeonia (peonies), Panicum (millets), Paulownia, Persea, Petroselinum (parsley), Phellodendron (cork tree), Philadelphus, Philadelphus coronarius (mock orange), Phlox, Physocarpus, Picea (spruces), Pinus (pines), Piper (pepper), Pittosporum, Platanus (planes), Plygonum (knotweed), Poncirus, Populus (poplas), Potentilla (Cinquefoil), Prunus (stone fruit), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus laurocerasus (cherry laurel), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Ptelea, Punica, Pyracantha (Firethorn), Pyrus - 717 -

(pears), Pyrus communis (European pear), Rhododendron (Azalea), Rhus (Sumach), Ribes (currant), Ricinus, Salix (willows), Sambucus (Elderberry), Sassafrass, Schinus (pepper tree), Sciadopitys, Smilaz (greenbriar), Solanum (nightsade), Sophora, Sorbaria, Sorbus (rowan), Spartium, Spiraea, Stephanandra, Symphoricarpos (snowbery), Tamarix (tamarisk), Taxodium (pondcypress), Taxus (yew), Tecoma, Ternstromia, Thuja, Tilia (limes), Trachelospermum, Tsuga (hemlocks), Ulmus (elms), Urtica spp., Vaccinium (blueberries), Vivurnum, Vinca (periwinkle), Vitex, Wisteria, Yucca Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Prunus persica nectarina (nektarin, nectarine), buah batu (stone fruit) 19. Dihammus rusticator Fisher, 1935; II Coffea arabica (kopi arabika, batang (stems Indonesia: Sumatera (Syn. Acalolepta fistulator (Germar), arabica coffee), Coffea spp. (above Acalolepta rusticator (Fabricius), (kopi, coffee), Jatropha sp. ground), Dihammus fistulator Germar, (jarak iri, Barbados nut tree), trunks, Monochamus fistulator (Germ.), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, shoots, - 718 -

Monohammus fistulator (Germ.)); cassava), Ricinus communis branches), (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae); penggerek (jarak kepyar, castor bean), daun (leaves), batang/stem borer Theobroma cacao (kakao, akar (roots) cocoa), Solanum melongena (terung, aubergine, eggplant) 20. Dorysthenes buqueti (Guerin- II Bambusa vulgaris (common batang (stems Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa Meneville, 1844); bamboo), Saccharum (above Barat) (Syn. Lophosternus buqueti); officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), ground), Asia: India, Lao PDR (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae); Spondias pinnata (kedondong, trunks, (Laos), Malaysia, longhorn beetle otaheitte apple), Leucaena branches), Myanmar, Thailand glauca (lamtoro gung, horse daun (leaves) tamarind), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava) 21. antonii Signoret, 1858; II Anacardium occidentale buah (fruits Indonesia: Sumatera (Hemiptera: ); (cashew nut), Azadirachta (inc. pods)), Asia: India, Myanmar, Sri tea bug indica (mimba, neem tree), daun (leaves), Lanka, Vietnam Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), biji (seeds), Cinchona officinalis, Persea batang americana (avokad, avocado), (stems), titik Pimenta doica, Piper nigrum, tumbuh Psidium guajava (jambu biji, (growing guava), Punica granatum point) (delima, pomegranate, Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) 22. Heterobostrychus aequalis II Camelia sinensis (teh, tea), batang Indonesia: Jawa, Bali (Waterhouse); Ceiba pentandra (kapuk, (stems), kayu Africa: South Africa, (Coleoptera; Bostrichidae); kapok), Forest trees (woods) Madagascar powder post beetle Asia: Bangladesh, Bhutan, - 719 -

China, India, Israel, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Timor Leste Europe: Germany Oceania: Papua New Guinea 23. Hexamitodera semivelutina Heller.; II Syzygium aromaticum batang (stems) Indonesia: Jawa, (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae); (cengkeh, clove), Syzygium Sulawesi, Maluku, penggerek batang (cengkeh)/stem spp., Eugenia spp., Myrtaceae, Sumatera borer Psidium guajava (jambu biji, Asia: Brunei Darussalam guava) 24. Icerya purchasi Maskell.; II Acacia (wattles), Acacia batang Indonesia: Jawa, (Syn. Pericerya purchasi); confusa, Acalypha (copperleaf), (stems), daun Kalimantan, Sulawesi, (Hemiptera: Margarodidae); Albizia julibrissin (silk tree), (leaves) Sumatera, Papua cottony cushion scale Acacia dealbata (acacia Africa: Algeria, Angola, bernier), Albizia procera (white Cape Verde, Congo, DR siris), Baccharis, Begonia, Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Buxus sempervirens (common Kenya, Libya, boxwood), Caesalpinia (divi- Madagascar, Malawi, divi), Cajanus cajan (kacang Mauritius, Morocco, gude, pigeon pea), Camellia, Mozambique, Saint Cassia (sennas), Casuarina, Helena, Sao Tome and Casuarina equisetifolia Principe, Senegal, (casuarina), Citrus, Cytisus Seychelles, Somalia, (broom), Choisya, Choisya South Africa, Sudan, ternata (mexican orange Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, blossom), Crotalaria, Uganda, Zambia, - 720 -

Desmodium (tick clovers), Zimbabwe Elaeagnus, Euphorbia America: Antigua and (spurges), Fragaria Barbuda, Argentina, (strawberry), Fuchsia, Glycine Bahamas, Barbados, soja (kedelai, soybean), Hebe, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Hedera helix (ivy), Hydrangea Cayman Islands, Chile, (Hydrangeas), Impatiens Colombia, Cuba, Curaçao, (balsam), Indigofera (indigo), Dominica, Dominican Jasminum (jasmine), Republic, Ecuador, El Juncus(rushes), Lantana Salvador, Guadeloupe, camara (lantana), Laurus Guatemala, Guyana, nobilis (Sweet bay), Mangifera Haiti, Jamaica, indica (mangga, mango), Martinique, Mexico, Maranta bicolor, Macadamia Montserrat, Paraguay, integrifolia (macadamia, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint macadamia nut), Malpighia Kitts and Nevis, Saint punicifolia, Malpighia glabra Lucia, Trinidad and (acerola), Medicago sativa Tobago, USA, Uruguay, (alfalfa, lucerne), Mimosa Venezuela (sensitive plants), Morus alba Asia: Bangladesh, China, (murbei, mulberry), Morus Cocos Islands, DPR Korea nigra (murbei, blackmulberry), (North Korea), Georgia, Nandina domestica (heavenly India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, bamboo), Pelargonium Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, (pelargoniums), Pittosporum, Malaysia, Maldives, Pittosporum tobira (japanese Pakistan, Republic of pittosporum), Plumbago, Korea (South Korea), Plumbago zeylanica, Prunus Saudi Arabia, Singapore, (stone fruit), Psophocarpus Sri Lanka, Syria, tetragonolobus (kecipir, winged Thailand, Taiwan, Turkey, - 721 -

bean), Psidium guajava (jambu Vietnam, Yemen biji, guava), Punica granatum Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, (delima, pomegranate), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Pyracantha coccinea Cyprus, Croatia, France, (scarletfirethorn), Quercus Gibraltar, Greece, (oaks), Ricinus communis (jarak Hungary, Italy, Malta, kepyar, castor bean), Rosa Montenegro, North (roses), Schinus (pepper tree), Macedonia, Portugal, Senecio (groundsel), Spartium Romania, Russia, Serbia, junceum (spanish broom), Slovenia, Spain, Spirarea, Syringa (lilac), Ros Switzerland, United marinus officinalis (), Kingdom Ulex europaeus (gorse), Virgilia Oceania: Australia, capensis (snowdrop tree) Christmas Island, Federated States of Micronesia (Caroline Islands), Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, US Minor Outlying Islands 25. Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen); II Avena sativa (oats), Dactylis batang Indonesia: Sumatera (Syn. Laodelphax striatellus, glomerata (orchard grass), (stems), daun Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Calligypona marginata, Calligypona Digitaria ciliaris (southern crab (leaves) Tunisia striatella, Delphacodes striatella, grass), Echinochloa Asia: China, DPR Korea Delphax notula, Delphax striata, (barnyardgrass), Hordeum (North Korea), Georgia, - 722 -

Delphax striatella, Liburnia vulgare (barli, barley), Lolium India, Iran, Israel, Japan, akashiensis, Liburnia devastans, (rye grasses), Oryza sativa Republic of Korea (South Liburnia gifuensis, Liburnia haupti, (padi, paddy, rice), Poa annua Korea), Philippines, Liburnia maikoensis, Liburnia (annual meadow grass), Taiwan, Tajikistan, marginata, Liburnia minonensis, (tebu, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Liburnia nipponica, Liburnia striatella); sugarcane), Poaceae, Triticum Vietnam (Hemiptera: Delphacidae); spp.(wheat), Zea mays (jagung, Europe: Armenia, Austria, smaller brown planthopper corn, maize) Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czech Republic, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom Oceania: Federated states of Micronesia, Northern Mariana Islands 26. Liriomyza chinensis (Kato, 1949); II Allium cepa (bawang bombai, batang Indonesia: Jawa, (Diptera: Agromyzidae); onion), Allium pp. (stems), daun Sulawesi, Bali pengorok daun/onion leaves miner, (leaves) Asia: China, Japan, stone leek leafminer Malaysia, Republic of Korea (South Korea), - 723 -

Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam Europe: France, Germany

27. Liriomyza trifolii Burgess in Comstock, II Allium cepa (bawang bombay, batang Indonesia: Jawa, 1880; onion), Allium schoenoprasum (stems), daun Sumatera (Syn. Agromyza phaseolunata Frost, (bawang kucai, chives), (leaves) Africa: Benin, Egypt, 1943, Liriomyza allivora Frick, 1955, Alstroemeria (inca lily), Ethiopia, Guinea, Ivory Liriomyza alliovora Frick, 1955, L. Ambrosia (ragweed), Coast, Kenya, phaseolunata (Frost, 1943), Oscinis Antirrhinum (snapdragon), Madagascar, Mauritius, trifolii Burgess in Comstock, 1880); Apium graveolens var. dulce Mayotte, Morocco, Nigeria, (Diptera: Agromyzidae); (bleached celery), Arachis, Réunion, Senegal, South penggorok daun (leaves), serpentine Artemisia (wormwoods), Avena Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, leaf miner, American serpentine leaf sativa (oats), Abelmoschus Tunisia, Zambia, miner, chrysanthemum leaf miner esculentus (okra, lady’s finger), Zimbabwe Ageratum, Allium spp. (onions, America: Argentina, garlic, leek,etc) Allium sativum Bahamas, Barbados, (bawang putih, garlic), Arachys Bermuda, Brazil, British hypogaea (kacang tanah, Virgin Islands, Canada, peanut), Aster, Beta vulgaris Chile, Colombia, Costa var. saccharifera (bit gula, Rica, Cuba, Dominican sugar beet), Bidens Republic, Ecuador, (burmarigold), Brassica rapa French Guiana, cultivar group Mizuna, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis Guyana, Martinique, (pak-choi, Chinese cabbage), Mexico, Netherlands Baccharis, Basella, Bellis, Antilles, Peru, Puerto Cassia (sennas), Centaurea Rico, Saint Kitts and (knapweed), Carthamus, Nevis, Trinidad and Cestrum (jessamine), Tobago, USA, United State - 724 -

Chenopodium (goosefoot), Virgin Island, Hawaii, Chrysanthemum indicum Venezuela (krisan, chrysanthemum), Asia: China, India, Iran, Citrullus lanatus (semangka, Israel, Japan, Jordan, watermelon), Crataegus Lebanon, Oman, (hawthorns), Crotalaria, Philippines, Republic of Cucurbita maxima (labu, giant Korea (South Korea), pumpkin), Cucurbita moschata Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, (labu kuning, pumpkin), Turkey, United Arab Chrysanthemum spp., Emirates, Vietnam, Yemen Chrysanthemum morifolium Europe: Austria, Belgium, (florist’s chrysanthemum), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Capsicum annuum (cabai Croatia, Cyprus, Czech besar, paprika, bell-pepper, hot Republic, Finland, France, pepper, chilies), Callistephus, Greece, Italy, Malta, Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Montenegro, North Cucumis sativus (mentimun, Macedonia, Netherlands, cucumber), Cucurbita pepo Portugal, Romania, (labu kuning, zukini, zucchini), Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Cucurbitaceae (cucurbits), Slovenia, Spain, Dahlia, Dendranthema, Switzerland Dianthus (anyelir, carnation), Oceania: American Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Samoa, Australia, Erigeron (fleabane), Federated states of Eupatorium, Gazania, Gladiolus Micronesia, Guam, hybrids (sword lily), Glycine, Northern Mariana Islands, Gaillardia, Gerbera (barbeton Samoa, Tonga daisy), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium (cotton), Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, - 725 -

cotton), Gypsophila (baby’s breath), Helianthus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Hordeum (barli, barleys), Ipomoea (morning glory), Lagenaria siceraria (labu air, bottle gourd), Linaria (toadflax), Luffa acutangula (angled luffa), Luffa aegyptiaca (loofah), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lathyrus (Vetchling), Macrotyloma, Malva (mallow), Medicago, Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Macrotyloma, Melilotus (melilots), Mollucella, Nasturtium officinale (selada air, watercress),Ocimum, Primula (primrose), Phlox, Physalis (groundcherry), Phaseolus spp. Phaseolus (beans), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Pisum sativum(kacang polong, pea), Ricinus, Ricinus communis (jarak kepyar, castor bean), Sonchus (sowthistle), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Salvia (sage), Senecio (grounsel), Solanum - 726 -

lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, aubergine, eggplant), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Spinacia oleracea (bayam jepang, spinach), Tagetes (marigold), Tropaeolum, Trifolium (cengkeh, clovers), Trifolium repens (semanggi putih, white clover), Taraxacum (dandelion), Tithonia, Tragopogon (goat’s- beard), Tribulus (caltrop), Trigonella, Typha (reedmace), Verbena (vervain), Vicia (vetch), Vigna unguiculata (kacang panjang, cowpea), Xanthium (cocklebur), Zinnia 28. Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, II Apium graveolens (seledri, batang Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa 1878; celery), Artemisia (wormwoods), (stems), daun Barat) (Syn. Illinoia solanifolii, Macrosiphon Beta vulgaris var. Saccharifera (leaves), Africa: Algeria, Angola, euphorbiae Thomas, Macrosiphon (bit gula, sugar beet), bunga Burundi, DR Congo, solanifolii Ashmead, Macrosiphum Capsicum (peppers), (flowers), Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, amygdaloides, Macrosiphum cyprissiae Chenopodium album (fat hen), buah (fruits) Libya, Malawi, Mauritius, var. cucurbitae del Guercio, Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa), Morocco, Mozambique, Macrosiphum euphorbiellum Theobald, Citrus, Citrus deliciosa Rwanda, Reunion, Saint Macrosiphum koehleri Börner, (mediterranean mandarin), Helena, South Africa, Macrosiphum rosaeollae Theobald, Citrus reticulata (mandarin Tanzania, Tunisia, Macrosiphum solanifolii (Ashmead), orange), Citrus sinensis (navel Uganda, Zambia, Macrosiphum tabaci Pergande, orange), Cucumis sativus Zimbabwe - 727 -

Nectarophora ascepiadis Cowen ex (mentimun, cucumber), America: Argentina, Gillette & Baker, Nectarophora Cucurbita pepo (labu kuning, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, heleniella Cockerell, Nectarophora zukini, zucchini), Epilobium Canada, Chile, Colombia, lycopersici Clarke, Nectarophora angustifolium (rosebay Cuba, DPR Korea (North tabaci, Nectarophora tabaci Pergande, willowherb), Fragaria (stroberi, Korea), Ecuador, Falkland Siphonophora asclepiadifolii, Thomas, strawberry), Freesia, Gladiolus Island, Jamaica, Mexico, Siphonophora cucurbitae Middleton ex hybrids (sword lily), Gossypium Peru, Puerto Rico, USA, Thomas, Siphonophora euphorbiae (cotton), Hordeum vulgare Uruguay, Venezuela Thomas, Siphonophora solanifolii (barli, barley), Ipomoea batatas Asia: Bangladesh, China, Ashmead, Siphonophora tulipae (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Georgia, India, Iran, Mondell); Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Israel, Japan, Jordan, (Hemiptera: Aphididae); Linum usitatissimum (flax), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, potato aphid, pink and green potato Lupinus (lupins), Lupinus Lebanon, Malaysia, aphid, pink and green potato aphis, albus (white lupine), Phaseolus Pakistan, Republic of pink potato aphid, potato aphid, vulgaris (buncis, common Korea (South Korea), tomato aphid bean), Rosa spp. (mawar, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, rose), Solanum lycopersicum Syria, Turkey, Tajikistan, (tomat, tomato), Solanum Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan melongena (terung, eggplant, Europe: Armenia, aubergine), Solanum tuberosum Azerbaijan, Austria, (kentang, potato), Triticum Belarus, Belgium, aestivum (gandum, wheat), Bulgaria, Bosnia and Vicia faba (faba bean), Vigna Herzegovina, Croatia, unguiculata (kacang panjang, Cyprus, Czech Republic, cowpea), Vitis vinifera (anggur, Denmark, Estonia, grapevine), Zea mays (jagung, Finland, France, Latvia, corn, maize) Lithuania, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, North - 728 -

Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom Oceania: Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand 29. Olenecamptus bilobus (Fabricius); II Artocarpus integra, Artocarpus batang Indonesia: Jawa, Maluku, (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae); hissuta, Ficus carica (ara, fig), (stems), kayu Sumatera, Papua Longhorn beetle Mangifera indica (mangga, (woods), kulit Asia: India, Pakistan mango), Morus alba (murbei, kayu (bark) mulberry) 30. Ophelimus eucalypti (Gahan, 1922); II Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus daun (leaves) Indonesia: Sumatera (Syn. Rhicnopeltella eucalypti); botryoides (southern (Sumatera Utara) (: Eulophidae) mahogany), Eucalyptus Africa: Kenya, Morocco, globulus (Tasmanian blue Uganda gum), Eucalyptus saligna Asia: Iran, Israel (Sydney blue gum) Europe: Greece, Italy, Spain Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 31. Paraeucosmetus pallicornis (Dallas); II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, batang Indonesia: Maluku (Buru), (Syn. Gyndes pallicornis, rice), Poaceae (stems), jerami Maluku Utara, Sulawesi, Pachybrachius pallicornis); (straws), bulir Kalimantan, Nusa (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae); (grains) Tenggara Timur, Nusa slender black rice bug Tenggara Barat - 729 -

Asia: Malaysia, Philippines 32. Paraleyrodes minei Laccarino, 1990; II Citrus aurantifolia (lime), Citrus daun (leaves) Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae); aurantium (bitter orange), Barat) nesting whitefly Citrus limon (lemon), Citrus Asia: China, Iran, Israel, paradisi (grapefruit), Citrus Lebanon, Syria, Turkey reticulata (mandarin orange), America: Belize, Bemuda, Persea americana (avokad, Colombia, Dominican avocado), Cocos nucifera Republic, Guatemala, (kelapa, coconut) Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Puerto Rico, USA Europe: Italy, Portugal, Spain 33. Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders, II Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, buah (fruits), Indonesia: Jawa, Nusa 1843; lady’s finger), Abutilon spp. biji (seeds), Tenggara Barat, Nusa (Syn. Depressaria gossypiella (Indian mallow), Abutilon tanah (soil) Tenggara Timur, Sulawesi Saunders, Ephestia gossypiella indicum (country mallow), Africa: Algeria, Angola, Saunders, Gelechia gossypiella Gossypium, Gossypium Benin, Burkina Faso, Saunders, Gelechiella gossypiella hirsutum (kapas, cotton), Burundi, Cameroon, Saunders, Platyedra gossypiella Hibiscus spp. (rosemallows), Central African Republic, Saunders); Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf), Chad, DR Congo, Egypt, (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae); Hibiscus sabdariffa (jamaica Ethiopia, Ghana, Ivory pink bollworm, pink cotton bollworm sorrel), Malvaceae, Medicago Coast, Kenya, Libya, sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Althaea Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, (hollyhocks), Gossypium Mauritius, Morocco, arboreum (tree cotton), Mozambique, Niger, Gossypium herbaceum (short Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, staple cotton) Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. - 730 -

America: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, British Virgin Islands, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Hawaii, United State Virgin Island, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, DPR Korea (North Korea), India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Lao PDR (Laos), Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen - 731 -

Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cyprus, Croatia, Greece, Italy, North Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, Romania, Russian Federation, Spain, Serbia, Slovenia Oceania: Australia, Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Vanuatu 34. Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero, II Boerhavia diffusa (red batang Indonesia: Jawa 1977; spiderling), Capsicum spp. (stems), daun Africa: Angola, Benin, (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae); Citrus, Cyperus (flatsedge), (leaves), Cameroon, Central African cassava Euphorbia pulcherrima bunga Republic, Congo, DR (kastuba, pointsettia), Glycine (flowers) Congo, Equatorial Guinea, max (kedelai, soyabean), Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, sweet potato), Manihot Ivory Coast, Kenya, esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Liberia, Madagascar, Manihot glaziovii (ceara Malawi, Mali, rubber), Sida acuta (sida), Mozambique, Niger, Solanum (nightshade), Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, Sierra Leone, South tomato) Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe - 732 -

America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Paraguay Asia: Cambodia, Lao PDR (Laos), Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam 35. Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley; II Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, seluruh Indonesia: Jawa, (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae); lady’s finger), Carica papaya bagian Sumatera (Bengkulu) cotton mealybug (pepaya, papaya), Abutilon tanaman Africa: Benin, Cameroon, indicum (kembang sore, Indian (whole plant) Egypt, Ghana, Mali, abutilon), Abutilon muticum, Nigeria, Reunion, Senegal Acacia leucophloea (white- America: Argentina, barked acacia), Acacia Belize, Brazil, Canada, modesta, Acalypha wilkesiana, Caribbean, Cayman Achillea (milfoil), Achyranthes Island, Chile, Colombia, aspera (devil’s horsewhip), Cuba, Dominican Aerva javanica (kapok bush), Republic, Ecuador, Ageratum conyzoides Guadeloupe, Guatemala, (babadotan, goatweed), Albizia Jamaica, Martinique, lebbeck (indian siris), Althaea Mexico, Nicaragua, (hollyhocks), Amaranthus Panama, USA flavus, Amaranthus virisis Asia: Cambodia, China, (slender amaranth), Ambrosia India, Iran, Iraq, Japan, (ragweed), Ambrosia Pakistan, Sri Lanka, artemisiifolia (common Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, ragweed), Ambrosia Vietnam confertifolia, Ambrosia dumosa, Europe: Cyprus, Ambrosia psilostachya Netherlands (parennial ragweed), Ambrosia Oceania: Australia, New tenuifolia, Anagallis arvensis Caledonia - 733 -

(scarlet pimpernel), Aphelandra squarrosa (zebra plant), Artemisia annua (sweet wormwood), Asclepias (silkweed), Asparagus densiflorus (asparagus fern), (Fourwing saltbush), (mimba, neem tree), Bassia indica, Bauhinia purpurea (bunga kupu-kupu, purple bauhinia), Bidens pilosa (bunga ketul, blackjack), Blumea lacera, Boerhavia repens, Bombax ceiba (silk cotton tree), Bougainvillea glabra (bugenvil, bougainvillea), Broussonetia papyrifera (paper mulberry), Calendula officinalis (pot marigold), Calotropis procera (apple of sodom), Capparis decidua, Capsicum frutescens (cabai rawit, chilies), Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum), Celosia argentea (celosia), Centaurea cyanus (cornflower), Cestrum diurnum, Cestrum nocturnum (night scented cestrum), Cevallia sinuata - 734 -

(stinging serpent), Chenopodium album (fat hen), Chenopodium murale (nettleleaf goosefoot), Chrysanthemum morifolium (florist’s daisy), Cirsium arvense (creeping thistle), Cichorium intybus (chicory), Citrullus colocynthis (colocynth), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Citrus aurantium (jeruk nipis, lime), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Cleome viscosa (yellow mesambay), Clerodendrum inerme, Coleus blumei (common coleus), Convolvulus arvensis (bindweed), Convolvulus prostratus, Conyza bonariensis (hairy fleabane), Conyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane), Corchorus antichorus, Corchorus trilocularis, Cressa cretica, Croton sparciflorum, Cucumis tetragona, Cucurbita (pumpkin), Cucurbita moschata (labu kuning, pumpkin), Cuscuta reflexa (dodder), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar), Cynodon dactylon - 735 -

(rumput bermuda, bermuda grass), Cyperus rotundus (rumput teki, purple nutsedge), Dalbergia sissoo (Indian rosewood), Datura metel (Hindu datura), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Digera muricata, Duranta erecta (Pigeonberry), Echinochloa colona (rumput bebek, junglerice), Elettaria cardamomum (kapulaga seberang, cardamom), Eleusine indica (rumput belulang, goosegrass), Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower), Encelia farinosa (brittlebush), Enceliopsis, Eragrostis minor, Eriophyllum, Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum), Euphorbia (spurges), Euphorbia cotinifolia, Euphorbia hirta (garden spurge), Euphorbia prostrata, Euphorbia trigona, Fagonia cretica, Ficus benghalensis (banyan), Ficus carica (fig), Ficus virens (grey fig), Franseria, Gardenia jasminoides (cape jasmine), Gossypium (cotton), Gossypium - 736 -

arboreum (cotton tree), Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, cotton), Grewia asiatica (phalsa), Hamelia patens (firebush), Helianthus (sunflower), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Hibiscus (rosemallows), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (kembang sepatu, Chinese hibiscus), Heliotropium europaeum (common heliotrope), Heliotropium strigosum , Herissantia crispa, Hibiscus mutabilis (cottonrose), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Ipomoea cairica (five-fingered morningglory), Jacquemontia pentantha (skyblue clustervine), Jasminum cuspidatum, Jasminum sambac (arabian jasmine), Jatropha integerrima (peregrina), Kallstroemia brachystylis, Lagenaria siceraria (labu air, bottle gourd), Lagerstroemia indica (indian crape myrtle), Lantana camara (lantana), Launia nudicaulis, Lawsonia inermis - 737 -

(Egyptian privet), Lepidium didymum, Luffa aegyptiaca (loofah), Lupinus spp. (lupin), Lycium chinense (chinese wolfberry), Malva parviflora (cheeseweed), Malvastrum coromandelianum (prickly malvastrum), Malvaviscus arboreus (wax mallow), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Mentha longifolia, Mentha piperita (Peppermint), Morus alba (murbei, mullberry), Medicago polymorpha (rough medick), Melaleuca quinquenervia (paperbark tree), Melia azedarach (Chinaberry), Melilotus indica (Indian sweetclover), Momordica charantia (paria, bitter gourd), Morus alba (mora), Nerium oleander (oleander), Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Ocimum basilicum (selasih, basil), Orobanche (broomrape), Oxalis corniculata (creeping woodsorrel), Panax, Parthenium, Parthenium - 738 -

hysterophorus (parthenium weed), Persicaria glabra, Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, date-palm), Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Phyllanthus niruri (meniran, gale of the wind), Physalis (Groundcherry), Physalis alkekengi, Piper betle (sirih, betel pepper), Plumeria rubra var. acutifolia (Mexican frangipani), Polyalthea longifolia, Polygonum barbatum (knot grass), Portulaca grandiflora (krokot mawar, rose moss), Portulaca oleracea (krokot, purslane), Quisqualis indica, Ricinus communis (jarak kepyar, castor bean), Rosa chinensis (China rose), Ruellia squarrosa, Rumex dentatus, Salsola baryosma, Salvadora oleoides, Salvia officinalis (commonsage), Sesamum indicum (wijen, sesame), Sesbania sesban (jayanti), Setcreasea pallida, Sida rhombifolia, Sida urens, Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba), Solanum spp., Solanum - 739 -

elaeagnifolium (silverleaf nightshade), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, aubergine, eggplant), Solanum muricatum (pepino), Solanum nigrum (leunca, black nightshade), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Solanum virginianum (yellow- shade nightshade), Sonchus oleraceus (tempuyung, common sowthistle), Spermacoce, Suaeda (sea blite), Suaeda nigra, Synsepalum dulcificum, Tabernae Montanadivaricata, Tagetes erecta (African marigold), Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion), Tecoma stans (yellow bells), Tinospora cordifolia (bratawali, heart- leaved moonseed), Trianthema portulacastrum (horse purslane), Trianthema triquetra, Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine), Trigonella polycerata, Urena lobata (caesar weed), Verbena officinalis, - 740 -

(poisonous gooseberry), Xanthium strumarium (common cocklebur), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Ziziphus mauritiana (bidara, Indian jujube) 36. castaneae (Hubner); II Paspalum, Saccharum batang Indonesia: Sumatera (Syn. Phragmataecia castaneae); robustum (robust cane), (stems), daun Asia: China, Malaysia (Lepidoptera: ); Sorghum propineum, (leaves) Europe: Bulgaria, Finland, giant stem borer Saccharum officinarum (tebu, Italy, Russian Federation sugarcane), (glagah, wild sugarcane) 37. Phragmataecia gummata Swinhoe, II Saccharum officinarum (tebu, batang Indonesia: Sumatera, 1892; sugarcane), Saccharum (stems), daun Jawa (Syn. Phragmataecia parvipunctus); spontaneum (glagah, wild (leaves) Asia: Malaysia (Lepidoptera: Cossidae); sugarcane) giant stem borer 38. Pineus boerneri Annand; II Pinus canariensis (Canary batang Indonesia: Kalimantan, (Syn. Pineus pini sensu lato, pine), Pinus caribaea (stems), kayu Sumatera, Jawa Anisophleba pini, Aphis pini, (Caribbean pine), Pinus (woods) Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, Kermaphis pini var. laevis, Kermes contorta (lodgepole pine), Pinus Malawi, Morocco, South pini, Pineus havrylenkoi, Pineus laevis, elliottii (slash pine), Pinus Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Pineus pini, Pineus simmondsi, Pineus halepensis (Aleppo pine), Pinus Zambia, Zimbabwe sylvestris); hartwegii (Hartweg pine), Pinus America: Argentina, (Hemiptera: Adelgidae); kesiya (khasya pine), Pinus Brazil, Chile, Colombia, pine woolly aphid massoniana (masson pine), USA Pinus maximinoi (thin-leaf Asia: China, Geogia, pine), Pinus montezumae Israel, Jordan, (montezuma pine), Pinus mugo Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, - 741 -

(mountain pine), Pinus Malaysia, Pakistan, muricata (bishop pine), Pinus Taiwan, Turkey oocarpa (ocote pine), Pinus Europe: Czech Republic, patula (Mexican weeping pine), Finland, France, Pinus pinaster (maritime pine), Germany, Ireland, Italy, Pinus pinea (stone pine), Pinus Lithuania, Netherlands, radiata (radiata pine), Pinus Poland, Slovakia, Spain, resinosa (red pine), Pinus Sweden, United Kingdom sylvestris (Scots pine), Pinus Oceania: Australia, New taiwanensis (Taiwan pine), Zealand Pinus teocote (twisted leaf pine), Pinus thunbergii (Japanese black pine), Pinus densiflora, Pinus merkusii, Pinus pungens, Pinus roxburghii, Pinus arizonica, Pinus canariensis, Pinus caribaea, Pinus clausa, Pinus cooperi, Pinus douglasiana, Pinus durangensis, Pinus echinata, Pinus engelmannii, Pinus glabra, Pinus greggii, Pinus hartwegii, Pinus lawsonii, Pinus leiophylla, Pinus maximinoi, Pinus michoacana, Pinus montezumae, Pinus occidentalis, Pinus palustris, Pinus patula, Pinus pinea, Pinus pseudostrobus, Pinus radiata, Pinus rigida, Pinus - 742 -

serotina, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus taeda, Pinus taiwanensis, Pinus teocote, Pinus virginiana (scrub pine) 39. Postelectrotermes militaris (Desneux); II Acacia decurrens (green wattle), batang Indonesia: Jawa (Syn. Calotermes militaris, Neotermes Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), (stems), akar Asia: Sri Lanka militaris, Termes militaris); Casuarina equisetifolia (roots) (Isoptera: Kalotermidae); (casuarina), Cedrus (cedars), dry wood termite Cinnamomum camphora (kamfer, camphor), Cryptomeria japonica (cedar jepang, japanese cedar), Erythrina subumbrans (dadap serep, december tree), Eucalyptus spp., Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany), Grevillea robusta (silky oak), Stenocarpus salignus (beefwod), Tephrosia vogelii (vogel’s tephrosia) 40. Rhabdoscelus obscurus (Boisduval, II Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut batang (stems) Indonesia: Maluku, 1835); palm), Arecaceae (plants of the Papua, Sulawesi, Nusa (Syn.Calandra obscura Boisduval, palm family), Cocos nucifera Tenggara Barat, Sumatera Rhabdocnemis fausti Gahan, R. (kelapa, coconut), Carica America: USA interruptocostatus Schaufuss, R. papaya (pepaya, papaya), Asia: China, Japan, maculate Schaufuss, R. nudicollis Metroxylon sagu (sagu, sago Malaysia, Sri Lanka, (Kirsch), R. obscura (Boisduval), R. palm), Musa spp. (pisang, Taiwan promissus (Pascoe), R. maculatus banana), Musa x paradisiaca Oceania: American Schaufuss, Rhabdoscelis obscura (pisang kepok, plantain), Samoa, Australia, Cook Boisduval, Sphenophorus beccarii Poacecae (grasses), Saccharum Islands, Christmas Island, - 743 -

Pascoe, S. insularis Boheman, S. officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Federated States of interruptecostatus Schaufuss, S. Strelitzia reginae (Queens bird- Micronesia, Fiji, French nudicollis Kirsch, S. promissus Pascoe, of-paradise), Zea mays (jagung, Polynesia, Palau, Guam, S. sulcipes Karsch, S. tincturatus corn, maize) Marshall Islands, Nauru, Pascoe, S. obscurus Boisduval); New Caledonia, Niue, (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae); Northern Mariana Islands, beetle borer, cane weevil borer, New Papua New Guinea, Guinea cane weevil borer, sugarcane Samoa, Solomon Islands, weevil borer, New Guinea sugarcane Tonga, Vanuatu weevil, Hawaiian sugarcane borer, cane weevil borer, New Guinea sugarcane weevil 41. Sesamia grisescens Warren, 1911; II Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea batang (stems) Indonesia: Papua, Maluku (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); grass), Oryza sativa (padi, Oceania: Papua New sesamia borer, pink sugarcane borer paddy, rice), Pennisetum Guinea purpureum (rumput gajah, elephant grass), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Saccharum edule, Saccharum robustum (robust cane), Saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) 42. Sexava coriacea (Linnaeus, 1758); II Asplenium nidus (kadaka, buah (fruits), Indonesia: Sulawesi, Kep. (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae); bird’s nest fern), Arenga tanaman Sangihe, Talaud, Kep. belalang sexava, sexava grasshopper pinnata (aren, sugar palm), (plants), daun Banggai, Maluku, Maluku Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut (leaves), Utara, Papua palm), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, rimpang coconut), Musa spp. (pisang, (rhizomes), banana), Metroxylon sagu sabut, tanah - 744 -

(sagu, sago palm), Orchidaceae (soil) (anggrek, orchids), Pandanus spp. (pandan), Salacca edulis (salak,snakefruit), Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger) 43. Sexava karnyi Leefmans, 1927; II Asplenium nidus (kadaka, tanaman Indonesia: Sulawesi (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae); bird’s nest fern), Arenga (plants), buah (Sulawesi Tengah: belalang sexava, sexava grasshopper pinnata (aren, sugar palm), (fruits), daun Kepulauan Togean) Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut (leaves), palm), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, rimpang coconut), Musa spp. (pisang, (rhizomes), banana), Metroxylon sagu sabut, tanah (sagu, sago palm), Orchidaceae (soil) (anggrek, orchids), Pandanus spp. (pandan), Salacca edulis (salak, snakefruit), Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger) 44. Sexava nubila (Stal); II Asplenium nidus (kadaka, tanaman Indonesia: Sulawesi (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae); bird’s nest fern), Arenga (plant), buah (Sulawesi Utara), belalang sexava, sexava grass hopper, pinnata (aren, sugar palm), (fruits), daun Kepulauan Sangihe dan coconut treehopper Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut (leaves), Talaud, Maluku (Seram, palm), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, rimpang Buru), Biak, Papua coconut), Musa spp. (pisang, (rhizomes), Oceania: Papua New banana), Metroxylon sagu sabut, tanah Guinea (sagu, sago palm), Orchidaceae (soil) (anggrek, orchids), Pandanus spp. (pandan), Salacca edulis (salak, snakefruit), Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger) 45. Thosea monoloncha (Meyrick); II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, daun (leaves), Indonesia: Sulawesi, - 745 -

(Syn. Thosea moluccana); coconut), Elaeis guineensis tanah (soil), Papua, Sumatera, (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) (kelapa sawit, oil palm) media tanam Maluku, Maluku Utara (growing Asia: Philippines media), Oceania: Papua New batang (stem), Guinea bunga (influorescenc es)

2. TUNGAU (MITES)

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) 1. Brevipalpus californicus (Banks, 1904); II Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, buah (fruits), Indonesia: Nusa Tenggara (Syn. Brevipalpus australis Baker, lady’s finger), Camellia sinensis daun (leaves), Barat (Lombok), 1949, B.browningi Baker, 1949, B. (teh, tea), Chenopodium batang Kalimantan (Kalimantan Confusis Baker, 1949, B. woglumi ambrosioides, Cinnamomum (stems), Timur), Sumatera McGregor, 1949, Hystripalpus burmanii (kayu manis, bagian (Sumatera Barat) californicus Mitrofanov & Strunkova, cassiavera, cinnamon), tanaman di Africa: Algeria, Angola, 1979, Tenuipalpus australis Tucker, Citharexylum quadrangulare, atas tanah Congo, Egypt, Libya, 1926, T. californicus Banks, 1904, T. Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Mauritania, Mozambique, Vitis Womersley, 1940); Cucurbita, Cymbidium, Reunion, Senegal, South (Acari: Tenuipalpidae); Dendrobium, Ipomoea batatas Africa, Zimbabwe citrus flat mite, red flat mite, scarlet (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Lablab America: Brazil, Costa - 746 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) mite of tea, bunch mite, false spider purpureus, Musa spp. (pisang, Rica, Cuba, Guyana, mite banana), Phalaenopsis, Honduras, Mexico, USA Psidium guajava (jambu biji, Asia: Georgia, India, guava), Pittosporum, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Rhododendron, Robinia, Mauritania, Nepal, Schinus terebinthifolius, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sesbania sesban, Solanum Tajikistan, Thailand spp., Tetragonia tetragonioides, Europe: Cyprus, Greece, Vigna sinensis (buncis, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, common bean), Vitis vinifera Russian Federation (anggur, grapevine) Oceania: Australia, Guam, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea 2. Calacarus carinatus (Green 1890) II Camellia japonica, Camellia daun (leaves), Indonesia: Jawa, Keifer, 1955; sinensis (teh, tea), Capsicum bagian Sumatera, Nusa Tenggara (Syn. Calacarus adornatus (Keifer), spp., Viburnum spp. tanaman di Barat (Lombok) 1952, Eriophyes carinatus (Green) atas tanah Africa: Kenya, Mauritius Nalepa, 1929, Phylocoptes carinatus, America: USA Phytoptus carinatus, Typhlodromus Asia: Cambodia, China, carinatus) India, Georgia, Japan, Lao (Acari: Eriophyidae); PDR (Laos), Malaysia, purple mite, purple tea mite, ribbed Republic of Korea (South tea mite Korea), Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Vietnam - 747 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Europe: Spain Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 3. Eutetranychus orientalis Klein; II Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, daun (leaves), Indonesia: Sumatera, (Syn. Anychus latus, A. Orientalis, lady’s finger), Caladium spp. bagian Jawa (Jawa Barat) A.ricini, Eutetranychus anneckei (keladi), Carica papaya tanaman di Africa: Cape Verde, Egypt, Meyer, E. Latus, E. monodi Andre, E. (pepaya, papaya), Citrus sp. atas tanah Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, sudanicus Elbadry); (jeruk, orange), Codiaeum Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, (Acari: Tetranychidae); variegatum, Ficus carica (ara, Morocco, Mozambique, citrus brown mite, oriental mite, fig), Gossypium barbadens Nigeria, Senegal, South oriental red mite, oriental spider mite (kapas, cotton), Manihot Africa, Sudan, Swaziland esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Asia: Afghanistan, Musa paradisiaca (pisang Bangladesh, China, India, kepok, plantain), Morus alba Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, (murbei, mulberry), Nephelium Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, lappaceum (rambutan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi rambutan), Olea europea Arabia, Thailand, Turkey, subsp. europea (zaitun, olive), Yemen Phaleria macrocarpa (mahkota Europe: Cyprus, Greece, dewa), Prunus amygdalus Spain (almon, badam, almond), Oceania: Australia Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Plumeria, Ricinus communis (jarak kepyar, castor - 748 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) bean), Solanum melongena (terung, aubergine, eggplant) 4. Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner); II Anacardium occidentale (jambu daun (leaves), Indonesia: Jawa, (Syn. Acarus coffeae Nietner, mete, cashew-nut), Camellia tanaman Sumatera Matatetranychus bioculatus (Wood- sinensis (teh, tea), Coffea spp. (whole plant) Africa: Congo, DR Congo, Mason), Oligonychus bioculatus,O. (kopi, coffee), Coffea arabica Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, merwei Tucker, Paratetranychus (kopi arabika, arabica coffee), Malawi, Mauritius, South bioculatus, P. terminalis Sayed, Citrus sp. (jeruk, orange), Africa, Tanzania Tetranychus bioculatus Wood-Mason) Cinnamomum camphora, America: Colombia, Costa (Acari: Tetranychidae); Corchorus capsularis, Elaeis Rica, Ecuador, USA tea red spider mite, red coffee mite guineensis (kelapa sawit, oil Asia: Bangladesh, China, palm), Eucalyptus globulus, Georgia, India, Japan, Gossypium, Hevea brasiliensis Myanmar, Pakistan, (karet, rubber tree), Indigovera, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Lagerstroemia, Manihot Taiwan, Thailand, esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Vietnam Mangifera indica (mangga, Europe: Russian mango), Morus alba (murbei, Federation mulberry), Ricinus communis Oceania: Australia (jarak kepyar, castor bean), Terminalia catappa (ketapang, Indian almond), Vigna mungo,Vitis vinifera (anggur grapevine) - 749 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) 5. Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead); II Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), daun (leaves), Indonesia: Jawa, (Syn. Ariphyes oleivorus, Phyllocoptes Citrus aurantiifolia (lime), buah (fruits), Kalimantan (Kalimantan oleivorus, Phyllocoptrata oleivorus, Citrus aurantium (sour orange), batang (stems) Barat), Sumatera Typhidromus oleivorus); Citrus limon (lemon), Citrus (Sumatera Utara, (Acari: Eriophyidae); maxima (pummelo), Citrus Bengkulu), Batam, Nusa citrus mite, buckskin, mite reticulata (mandarin), Citrus Tenggara Barat (Lombok) lemons sinensis (navel orange), Africa: Angola, Congo, Clausena lansium (wampi), Kenya, Madagascar, Fortunella (kumquats) Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia America: Argentina, Bermuda, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Malaysia, - 750 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Philippines, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Italy, Malta, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Slovenia Oceania: Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, New Zealand 6. Raoiella indica Hirst (1924); II Acer (maple), Acoelorrhaphe daun (leaves), Indonesia: Jawa, (Acari: Tenuipalpidae); wrightii, Adonidia arecina, bagian Kalimantan, Nusa red palm mite, coconut mite, frond Aiphanes minima, Aplinia tanaman di Teanggara Barat crimson mite, leaflet false spider mite, purpurata (red ginger), Alpinia atas tanah (Lombok), Tarakan, red date palm mite, scarlet mite vittata, Alpinia zerumbet, Sulawesi (Sulawesi Archontophoenix alexandrae, Tenggara), Flores, Maluku Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut Utara (Ternate) palm), Arecaceae, Arenga Africa: Benin, Egypt, pinnata (aren, sugar palm), Mauritius, Namibia, Bactris plumeriana, Reunion, South Africa, Beccariophoenix Sudan, Tanzania madagascariensis, Bismarckia America: Barbados, Brazil, nobilis, Butia capitata, Colombia, Cuba, Calathea arundinacea Dominica, Dominican - 751 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) (variegated calatea), Calathea Republic, Grenada, lutea (calathea), Caryota mitis, Guadaloupe, Haiti, Chamaedorea, Coccothrinax Jamaica, Martinique, argentata, Coccothrinax Mexico, Puerto Rico, Saint mitaguama, Corypha Lucia, Saint Vincent and umbtaculifera, Curcuma longa the Grenadines, United (kunyit, turmeric), Cycas, States Virgin Island, Cyrtostahys renda, Cocos Venezuela nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Asia: India, Iran, Oman, Dictyosperma album, Dypsis Pakistan, Philippines, decaryi, Dypsis lutescens, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Elaeondendron transvaalense, Thailand, United Arab Ettingera elatior, Eucalyptus Emirates deglupta, Eugenia uniflora, Heliconia spp. (flower banana), Latania lontaroides, Licuala grandis, Licualaspinosa, Livistonis chinensis, Microcycas calocoma, Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Ocimum basilicum, Pandanus utilis, Phaseolus, Phoenix canariensis, Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, date palm), Phoenix reclinata, Phoenix - 752 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) roebelenii, Phoenix rupicola, Pritchardia pacifica, Pritchardia vuylestekeana, Pseudophoenix vinifera, Ptychosperma elegans, Ptychosperma macarrthuri, Ravenala madagascariensis, Renealmia alpinia, Renealmia aurantifera, Rhapis excelsa, Roystonea borinquena, Sabal black burniana, Sabal mauritiformis, Schippia concolor, Strelitzia reginae, Syagrus romanzoffianum, Syagrus schizophylla, Thrinax radiata, Veitchia arecina, Veitchia merrillii, Washingtonia filifera, Washingtonia robusta, Wodyetia bifurcata, Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger) 7. Tenuipalpus orchidarum Parfitt; II Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchids) tanaman Indonesia: Jawa (Acari: Tenuipalpidae); (whole plant) red mite of orchid

- 753 -

3. KEONG (SNAILS)

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) 1. Pila polita Jeshayes; II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, media tanam Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa (Syn. Ampularia pagoda); rice), tumbuhan air tawar (growing Timur), Sumatera Ampullariidae; (aquatic plants) media Asia: China, India, apple snail associated Cambodia, Thailand with plants) tumbuhan dan/atau bagian- bagiannya (plant and part of plant) 2. Pomacea insularum; II Tumbuhan air (aquatic plants), media tanam Indonesia: Kalimantan Ampullariidae; berbagai tipe vegetasi tanaman (growing America: Argentina, island apple snail media Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, associated Uruguay with plants) Asia: Thailand tumbuhan dan/atau bagian- bagiannya (plant and part of plant) - 754 -

4. NEMATODA (NEMATODES)

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) 1. Aphelenchoides fragariae (Ritzema – II Ageratum conyzoides (billygoat biji (true Indonesia: Jawa (Banten, Bos, 1891) Christie, 1932; weed, babadotan), Acalypha seeds, grain), DKI Jakarta, Jawa Barat, (Syn. Aphelenchoides olesistus lanceolata (pulus hayam), bibit Jawa Tengah, Jawa (Ritzema Bos, 1893) Steiner, 1932, Allium ascalonicum (bawang (seedlings, Timur), Nusa Tenggara Aphelenchoides olesistus var. merah, shallot), Allium cepa micropropaga Barat (Mataram), longicollis (Schwartz, 1911) Goodey, (bawang bombai, onion), ted plants), Sulawesi (Sulawesi 1933, Aphelenchoides pseudolesistus Allium sativum (bawang putih, buah (fruits), Selatan), Sumatera (Goodey, 1928) Goodey, 1933, garlic), Andrographis bunga potong (Bengkulu, Sumatera Aphelenchus fragariae Ritzema Bos, paniculata (sambiloto, king of (flowers, Utara) 1891, Aphelenchus olesistus Ritzema bitter plant), Anigozanthos sp., inflorescence Africa: Canary Islands Bos, 1893, Aphelenchus olesistus var. Anthurium andreanum, s, cones, America: Canada, Cuba, longicollis Schwartz, 1911, Asplenium nidus (bird’s-nest calyx), daun Mexico, USA Aphelenchus pseudolesistus Goodey, fern), Avena sativa (oat, oats), (leaves), Asia: China, India, Israel, 1928); Barleria cristata (philippine kormus Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Aphelenchoididae; violet), Begonia spp., Borreria (corms), Republic of Korea (South bud and leaf nematode, fern sp., Capsella bursa-pastoris media tanam Korea), Turkey nematode, strawberry crimp (shepherd's purse), yang melekat Europe: Belgium, nematode, strawberry spring dwarf Chenopodium album (fat hen), pada Bulgaria, Denmark, nematode Chloranthus spicatus, tanaman Estonia, France, Cobotium chamissoi, Cornus (growing Germany, Hungary, - 755 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) canadensis (creeping media Ireland, Italy, Latvia, dogwood), Erigeron annuus associated Moldova, Netherlands, (annual fleabane), Eriobotrya with plants), Norway, Poland, Portugal, japonica (loquat), Ficus carica rhizom Russian Federation, (ara, fig), Ficus elastica (rhizomes), Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, (rubber plant), Ficus sisa tanaman Switzerland, Ukraine, macrophylla (moreton Bay fig), yang United Kingdom Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, terinfeksi Oceania: Australia, New strawberry), Helianthus (infected Zealand, Papua New tuberosus (Jerusalem plants Guinea artichoke), Hibiscus rosa– debris), stek sinensis (kembang sepatu, (cuttings), china-rose), Hosta spp., stolon Hydrangea macrophylla (stolons), (French hydrangea), Ipomoea tanah (soil), batatas (ubi jalar, sweet umbi (bulbs, potato), Lamium maculatum tubers) (spotted deadnettle), Lilium spp., Lindernia sp. (gulma daun sirih), Maranta leuconeura (banded arrowroot), Osmunda regalis, Oxalys sepium (calincing), Peony, Pimpinella diversifolia, - 756 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Polygonum blumei (tufted knotweed (USA)), Pteris spp., Primula sp., Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pleocnemia sp., Psychotria nervosa, Pteris spp., Rhododendron spp. (azaleas), Rhododendron simsii (sim's azalea), Rorippa atrovirens, Ruscus hypophyllum, Saintpaulia ionantha (african violet), Saxifraga spp. (saxifrage), Senecio vulgaris, Solanum nigrum (leunca, black nightshade), Stellaria media (common chickweed), Tolmiea menziesii (pick-a-back plant), Veronica arvensis (corn speedwell), Viola odorata (english violet), Western Sword-fern, Wulfenia carinthiaca 2. Ditylenchus angustus (Butler, 1913) II Echinochloa colona batang Indonesia: Jawa, Filipjev, 1936; (junglerice), Leersia hexandra (stems (above Kalimantan (Kalimantan - 757 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) (Syn. Anguillulina angusta (Butler, (southern cut grass), Oryza ground), Selatan) 1913) Goodey, 1932, Tylenchus (rice (generic level)), Oryza shoots, Asia: Bangladesh, India, angustus Butler, 1913); sativa (padi, paddy, rice), trunks, Malaysia, Myanmar, Anguinidae; Sacciolepsis interrupta branches), Philippines, Thailand, rice stem nematode, ufra disease biji baru Vietnam panen (newly harvested true seeds, grain), bibit seedlings, micropropaga ted plants), bunga (flowers, inflorescence s, cones, calyx), buah (fruit, pods), daun (leaves), jerami (straw), malai (panicles), tanah (soil) 3. Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, I Datura stramonium akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa - 758 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) 1923) Skarbilovich, 1959; (jimsonweed), Lycopersicon bibit Barat, Jawa Tengah, (Syn. Globodera rostochiensis pimpinellifolium (currant (seedlings, Jawa Timur) (Wollenweber, 1923) Behrens, 1975, tomato), Solanum micropropaga Africa: Algeria, Canary Heterodera (Globodera) rostochiensis (nightshade), Solanum ted plants), Island, Egypt, Kenya, Wollenweber, 1923 (Skarbilovich, aviculare (kangaroo apple), media tanam Libya, Sierra Leone, 1959), Heterodera rostochiensis Solanum gilo (gilo), Solanum yang melekat South Africa, Tunisia Wollenweber, 1923, Heterodera indicum (indian nightshade), pada America: Bolivia, Canada, schachtii rostochiensis Wollenweber, Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tanaman Chile, Colombia, 1923, Heterodera schachtii solani tomato), Solanum marginatum (growing Ecuador, Mexico, Zimmerman, 1927); (white-edged nightshade), media Panama, Peru, USA, Heteroderidae; Solanum mauritianum (tree associated Venezuela nematoda sista (kentang)/golden cyst tobacco), Solanum melongena with plants), Asia: Armenia, Georgia, nematode, potato golden nematode, (terung, eggplant), Solanum tanah (soil), India, Iran, Japan, yellow potato cyst nematode nigrum (leunca, black umbi (bulbs, Lebanon, Oman, nightshade), Solanum tubers, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri quitoense (narangillo), corms, Lanka, Tajikistan, Turkey Solanum sarrachoides (green rhizomes) Europe: Albania, Austria, nightshade, Solanum Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia tuberosum (kentang, potato) and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, - 759 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island 4. Hemicriconemoides mangiferae II Alnus (alders), Anacardium akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa Siddiqi, 1961; occidentale (cashew nut), bibit Africa: Egypt, Ghana, (Syn. Hemicriconemoides birchfieldi Ananas comosus (nanas, (seedlings, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Edward et al., 1965); pineapple), Artocarpus micropropaga South Africa, Sudan Criconematidae; heterophyllus (nangka, ted plants), America: Brazil, Costa ring nematode jackfruit), Artocarpus integer kormus Rica, Cuba, Dominica, (cempedak, champedak), (corms), Ecuador, Grenada, Bambusa vulgaris (bambu, media tanam Mexico, Peru, Saint Kitts common bamboo), Carica yang melekat and Nevis, Saint Lucia, papaya (pepaya, papaya), pada Trinidad and Tobago, Citrus spp., Cocos nucifera tanaman USA, Venezuela - 760 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) (kelapa, coconut), Dimocarpus (growing Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei longan (longan tree), media Darussalam, China, Eriobotrya japonica (loquat), associated India, Iran, Israel, Oman, Gossypium hirsutum (bourbon with plants), Pakistan, Philippines, cotton), Grewia asiatica tanah (soil) Republic of Korea (South (phalsa), Litchi chinensis Korea), Saudi Arabia, (lichi), Mangifera indica Thailand, Vietnam (mangga, mango), Manihot Oceania: American esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Samoa, Fiji, New Manilkara zapota (sawo, Caledonia, Papua New sapodilla), Musa spp. (pisang, Guinea, Samoa, Tonga banana), Musa x paradisiaca (plantain), Nephelium litchii (leci, lychee), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, date-palm), Piper (pepper), Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Poacea (rumput-rumputan), Rosa (mawar, roses), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Salix (willow), Theobroma - 761 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) cacao (kakao, cocoa), Umbellularia californica (California laurel), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) 5. Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, 1952; I Aeschynomene indica (Indian akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa, Heteroderidae; jointvetch), Beta vulgaris (bit, batang Sumatera (Lampung) soyabean cyst nematode beetroot), Cajanus cajan (stems (above Africa: Egypt (kacang gude, pigeon pea), ground), America: Argentina, Fabaceae (kacang-kacangan, shoots, Brazil, Canada, leguminous plants), Geranium trunks, Colombia, Ecuador, (cranesbill), Glycine, Glycine branches), Paraguay, Puerto Rico, max (kedelai, soyabean), bibit USA Kummerowia striata (Japanese (seedlings, Asia: China, DPR Korea lespedeza), Lamium micropropaga (North Korea), India, Iran, amplexicaule (henbit ted plants), Japan, Mongolia, deadnettle), Lamium biji (true Republic of Korea (South purpureum (purple seeds, grain), Korea) deadnettel), Lespedeza media tanam Europe: Italy, Russian cuneata (sericea lespedeza), yang melekat Federation Lespedeza juncea var. sericea pada (sericea lespedeza), Lupinus tanaman (lupins), Lupinus albus (white (growing - 762 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) lupine), Nicotiana tabacum media (tembakau, tobacco), associated Penstemon, Phaseolus with plants), vulgaris (buncis, common tanah (soil), bean), Pisum sativum (kapri, umbi (bulbs, sweet pea), Pelargonium sp. tubers, (geranium), Solanum corms, lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), rhizomes) Sesbania exaltata (coffeebean (USA)), Stellaria media (common chickweed), Verbascum thapsus (Aaron's- rod), Vicia villosa, Vigna aconitifolia (moth beans), Vigna angularis (adzuki bean), Vigna mungo (black gram), Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, mungbean) 6. Macroposthonia onoensis; II Citrus, Mangifera indica akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa, Criconematidae; (mangga, mango), Syzygium bibit Sumatera (Sumatera ring nematode aromaticum (cengkeh, clove) (seedlings, Selatan, Lampung) micropropaga America: Trinidad and ted plants), Tobago media tanam Asia: India - 763 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) yang melekat pada tanaman (growing media associated with plants), tanah (soil) 7. M eloidogyne graminicola Golden & II Allium cepa (bawang bombai, akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (DIY, Birchfield 1965; onion), Alopecurus (foxtails), bibit Jawa Tengah), Papua Meloidogynidae; Ammania pentandra, (seedlings, Africa: Madagascar, rice root-knot nematode Andropogon (beardgrass), micropropaga South Africa Blumea, Brassica, Brassica ted plants), America: Brazil, oleracea var. capitata (kubis, media tanam Colombia, USA cabbage), Cerealia, Cynodon yang melekat Asia: Bangladesh, China, dactylon (bermuda grass, pada India, Lao PDR (Laos), rumput bermuda), Cyperus tanaman Malaysia, Myanmar, imbricatus (shingle flatsedge), (growing Nepal, Pakistan, Cyperus procerus, Cyperus media Philippines, Singapore, pulcherrimus, Cyperus associated Sri Lanka, Thailand, rotundus (purple nutsedge), with plants), Vietnam Digitaria filiformis (slender tanah (soil), Europe: Italy crabgrass), Echinochloa colona umbi (bulbs, (junglerice), Echinochloa crus- tubers, - 764 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) galli (barnyard grass), corms, Eleusine coracana (finger rhizomes) millet), Eleusine indica (goose grass), Fimbristylis complanata, Fimbristylis dichotoma (tall fringe rush), Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis), Fuirena glomerata, Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Grangea madraspatensis, Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Ischaemum rugosum (saramolla grass), Ludwigia (waterprimrose), Monochoria vaginalis (pickerel weed), Musa (banana), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, rice), Panicum miliaceum (millet), Panicum repens (torpedo grass), Paspalum scrobiculatum (ricegrass paspalum), Phyllanthus urinaria (leafflower), Poa annua - 765 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) (annual meadowgrass), Poaceae (grasses), Ranunculus (buttercup), Scirpus articulatus, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Sphaeranthus, Sphenoclea zeylanica (wedgewort), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) 8. Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949; II Actinidia chinensis (Chinese akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa Meloidogynidae; gooseberry), Ageratina polong dalam Africa: Algeria, Egypt, northern root-knot nematode adenophora (Croftonweed), tanah (pods Ivory Coast, Kenya, Allium cepa (bawang bombay, in the Libya, Malawi, Morocco, onion), Anemone (windflower), ground), Nigeria, South Africa, Arachis hypogaea (kacang stolon Tanzania, Uganda, tanah, peanut), Beta vulgaris (stolons), Zimbabwe var. saccharifera (bit gula, tanah (soil), America: Argentina, sugar beet), Brassica napus umbi (bulbs, Brazil, Canada, Chile, var. napus (rape), Brassica tubers, Colombia, Costa Rica, oleracea var. capitata (kubis, corms, Ecuador, Guatemala, cabbage), Cajanus cajan rhizomes) Mexico, Panama, (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), USA, Venezuela - 766 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Capsicum annuum (cabai Asia: China, India, Iran, besar, paprika, bell pepper, Israel, Japan, hot pepper, red pepper, chili), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Chenopodium album (fat hen), Malaysia, Mongolia, Chenopodium quinona Pakistan, Philippines, (quinona), Chrysanthemum Republic of Korea (South spp. (daisy), Cichorium intybus Korea), Sri Lanka, (chicory), Coffea (kopi, coffee), Taiwan, Tajikistan, Convolvulus arvensis Thailand, Turkey, (bindweed), Cucumis (melon, Turkmenistan, melons, cucumbers, gerkins), Uzbekistan Cyclamen, Daucus carota Europe: Armenia, (wortel, carrot), Dianthus Belarus, Belgium, caryophillus (anyelir, Bulgaria, Bosnia and carnation), Dioscorea batatas Herzegovina, Croatia, (Chinese yam), Eustoma Czech Republic, Estonia, grandiflorum (Lisianthus (cut Finland, France, flower crop)), Fabaceae Germany, Greece, (kacang-kacangan, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, leguminous plants), Fragaria Lithuania, North ananassa (stroberi, Macedonia, Moldova, strawberry), Glycine max Montenegro, Netherlands, (kedelai, soyabean), Lactuca Norway, Poland, Portugal, sativa (selada, lettuce), Linum Romania, Russian - 767 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) usitatissimum (flax), Medicago Federation, Slovakia, sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Spain, Switzerland, Mentha (mints), Nicotiana Serbia, Slovenia, tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Ukraine, United Kingdom Olea europeae subsp. Oceania: Australia, New europeae (zaitun, olive), Zealand, Norfolk Island, Pelargonium (geranium), Papua New Guinea Phaseolus (kacang, beans), Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Rosa (mawar, rose), Sinapsis alba (white mustard), Solanum (nightsade), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum nigrum (black nightshade), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Phyretrum), Trifolium (semanggi, clover), Vicia (vetch), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) 9. Pratylenchus brachyurus (Godfrey, II Abelmoschus esculentus akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa, - 768 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) 1929) Filipjev & Schuurmans (okra), Acalypha hispida batang Sumatera (NAD, Stekhoven, 1941; (Copperleaf), Acer rubrum (red (stems (above Sumatera Barat) (Syn. Anguillulina (Pratylenchus) maple), Allium cepa (onion), ground), Africa: Benin, Botswana, brachyura (Godfrey, 1929) Goodey, Allium fistulosum (Welsh shoots, Cameroon, Egypt, 1932 (W. Schneider, 1939), onion), Anacardium trunks, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Anguillulina brachyura (Godfrey, occidentale (cashew nut), branches), Ivory Coast, Kenya, 1929), Goodey, 1932, Pratylenchus Ananas comosus (nanas, bibit Madagascar, Malawi, leiocephalus Steiner, 1949, pineapple), Arachis hypogea (seedlings, Mauritius, Mozambique, Pratylenchus pratensis Thorne, 1949, (kacang tanah, peanut), Areca micropropaga Nigeria, Réunion, Pratylenchus steineri Lordello, Zamith catechu (betelnut palm), ted plants), Senegal, South Africa, & Boock, 1954, Tylenchus Avena sativa (oats), Bambusa media tanam Togo, Uganda, Zambia, (Chitinotylenchus) brachyurus vulgaris (common bamboo), yang melekat Zimbabwe Godfrey, 1929 (Filipjev, 1934), Bidens pilosa (blackjack), pada America: Belize, Bolivia, Tylenchus brachyurus Godfrey, 1929; Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), tanaman Brazil, Canada, Costa Pratylenchidae; Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), (growing Rica, Colombia, Cuba, smooth headed nematode, root lesion Casuarina equisetifolia media French Guiana, nematode (casuarina), Cattleya, associated Guatemala, Guyana, Chrysanthemum coronarium with plants), Hawaii, Honduras, (garland chrysanthemum), polong dalam Mexico, Peru, Puerto Citrullus, Citrus spp., Cocos tanah (pods Rico, Trinidad and nucifera (coconut), Coffea spp. in the Tobago, USA, Venezuela (kopi, coffee), Cucumis melo ground), Asia: Afghanistan, Brunei (melon), Cucumis sativus tanah (soil), Darussalam, Georgia, (cucumber), Cucurbita umbi (bulbs, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, - 769 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) (pumpkin), Cymbopogon tubers, Malaysia, Oman, citratus (citronella grass), corms, Pakistan, Philippines, Dianthus barbatus (sweet rhizomes) Republic of Korea (South williams), Digitaria decumbens Korea), Singapore, Sri (pangolagrass), Dioscorea Lanka, Turkey, (yam), Dacryodes edulis Uzbekistan, Vietnam (kenari, African pear), Europe: Bulgaria, Eucalyptus, Eustoma Cyprus, Italy, Russian grandiflorum (Lisianthus (cut Federation flower crop)), Feijoa sellowiana Oceania: Australia, Cook (Horn of plenty), Ficus carica Islands, Fiji, Niue, (common fig), Fragaria Samoa, Tonga (strawberry), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium (cotton), Gossypium barbadense (Gallini cotton), Gossypium hirsutum (bourbon cotton), Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Hevea brasiliensis (karet, rubber tree), Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Hyparrhenia rufa (Jaragua grass), - 770 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Impatiens (balsam), Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena), Lilium (lily), Liriodendron tulipifera (tuliptree), Macadamia integrifolia (macadamia nut), Mangifera indica (mango), Manihot esculenta (cassava), Mentha piperita (Peppermint), Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, rice), Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Pinus palustris (longleaf pine), Poaceae (grasses), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Rosa multiflora (multiflora rose), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, - 771 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) sugarcane), Secale cereale (rye), Sesamum indicum (sesame), Setaria italica (foxtail millet), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Solanum melongena (aubergine), Solanum torvum (turkey berry), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Sorghum sudanense (Sudan grass), Syagrus oleracea, Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Tipuana tipu (tipu tree), Triticum aestivum (wheat), Urochloa decumbens (signal grass), Vanilla, Vigna radiata (mung bean), Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), Vigna cylindrica (kacang panjang, long bean), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Zingiber officinale (ginger) 10. Pratylenchus loosi Loof, 1960; II Abelmoschus esculentus akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa - 772 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Pratylenchidae; (okra), Abelmoschus batang Barat) root lesion nematode, meadow moschatus (okra, lady’s (stems (above Africa: Senegal nematode, Loos' root lesion nematode finger), Acacia deccurens ground), America: Brazil, Chile, (green wattle), Alternanthera shoots, Guadeloupe, USA sessilis (sessile joyweed), trunks, Asia: Bangladesh, China, Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort), branches), India, Japan, Iran, Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), bibit Republic of Korea (South Cassia alata (Ringworm (seedlings, Korea), Sri Lanka, senna), Catharanthus roseus micropropaga Taiwan, Turkey (Madagascar periwinkle), ted plants), Europe: Bulgaria Cestrum (jessamine), daun (leaves), Oceania: American Cinnamomum camphora kormus Samoa, Australia, Cook (camphor laurel), Citrus spp., (corms), Islands Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), media tanam Convallaria spp., Cymbopogon yang melekat citratus (citronella grass), pada Cymbopogon nardus, Cyperus, tanaman Cyperus rotundus (purple (growing nutsedge), Dioscorea spp. media (yam), Dioscorea rotundata, associated Diospyros kaki (kesemek, with plants), persimmon), Dipteryx odorata stolon (tonka bean), Fragaria (stolons), ananassa (stroberi, tanah (soil), - 773 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) strawberry), Grevillea robusta umbi (bulbs, (silky oak), Hibiscus rosa- tubers, sinensis (China-rose), corms, Imperata cylindrica (cogon rhizomes) grass), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Oplismenus compositus, Panicum repens (torpedo grass), Paspalum notatum (bahiagrass), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Poncirus trifoliata (Trifoliate orange), Prunus avium (ceri manis, sweet cherry), Pyrus communis (pir, European pear), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Sesbania cannabina (corkwood tree), Solanum nigrum (leunca, black nightshade), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, - 774 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) sorghum), Tagetes (marigold), Tecoma stans (yellow bells), Tephrosia (hoary-pea), Tithonia diversifolia (Tithonia), Vigna cylindrica (kacang tunggak, long bean), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize)

5. GULMA NON-PARASITIK (NON-PARASITIC WEEDS)

No. NAMA GOLONGAN HABITAT MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP BUDIDAYA/CULTIVATION PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM HABITAT /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) 1. Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson II hutan tanaman industri mengkontami Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa subsp. micrantha (Nees) Ensermu; (industrial forest), nasi biji, Barat, Jawa Tengah), (Syn. Asystasia coromandeliana Nees hortikultura (horticulture), bibit, media Kalimantan (Kalimantan var. micrantha Nees, Asystasia tanaman pangan (food crops), tanam Barat, Kalimantan gangetica (L.) T. Anderson); tanaman perkebunan (estate (contaminate Timur), Sumatera - 775 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN HABITAT MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP BUDIDAYA/CULTIVATION PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM HABITAT /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Acanthaceae; crops) d true seeds Africa: Angola, Botswana, Chinese violet, coromandel, creeping (inc. grain), Cameroon, DR Congo, foxglove, Ganges primrose, Philippine seedlings, Ethiopia, Equatorial violet growing Guinea, Gambia, Ghana, media Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, associated Ivory Coast, Kenya, with plants) Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Asia: India, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan Oceania: Australia, Guam, Papua New Guinea 2. Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) II hutan tanaman industri mengkontami Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa J.F.Macbr.; (industrial forest), nasi biji, Barat), Sulawesi (Syn. Balsamona pinto Vand., Cuphea hortikultura (horticulture), bibit, media (Sulawesi Tengah), balsamona Cham. & Schltdl., Cuphea tanaman pangan (food crops), tanam Sumatera (Jambi, divaricata Pohl ex Koehne, Cuphea tanaman perkebunan (estate (contaminate Kepulauan Bangka - 776 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN HABITAT MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP BUDIDAYA/CULTIVATION PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM HABITAT /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) elliptica Koehne, Cuphea peplidioides crops) d true seeds Belitung, Lampung, Martel ex Koehne, Cuphea pinto (inc. grain), Sumatera Barat) Koehne, Lythrum carthagenense seedlings, Africa: Cameroon, Guinea Jacq., Parsonsia balsamona (Cham. growing America: Argentina, & Schltdl.) Standl., Parsonsia pinto media Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, (Vand.) Heller); associated Brazil, Central America, Lythraceae; with plants) Chile, Colombia, Costa Colombian wackweed, sete sangrías Rica, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guyana, Guatemala, Honduras, Lesser Antilles, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: China, India, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Timor - 777 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN HABITAT MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP BUDIDAYA/CULTIVATION PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM HABITAT /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Leste, Oceania: American Samoa, Australia, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu 3. Praxelis clematidea (Griseb.) R.M. II hutan tanaman industri mengkontami Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa King & H. Robinson; (industrial forest), nasi biji, Barat), Sumatera (Jambi, (Syn. Eupatorium catarium Veldk., hortikultura (horticulture), bibit, media Kepulauan Bangka Eupatorium clematideum Griseb., tanaman pangan (food crops), tanam Belitung, Lampung, Riau, Eupatorium urticifolium var. tanaman perkebunan (estate (contaminate Sumatera Utara), clematideum (Gnseb.) Hieron ex crops) d true seeds Kalimantan Kuntze, Eupatorium urticifolium var. (inc. grain), America: Argentina, nanum Hieron. ex Kuntze); seedlings, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Asteraceae; growing Chile, Dominican Praxelis media Republic, Ecuador, associated French Guiana, Guyana, with plants) Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: China, HongKong, - 778 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN HABITAT MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP BUDIDAYA/CULTIVATION PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM HABITAT /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Malaysia, Taiwan Oceania: Australia 4. Rivina humilis L.; II hutan tanaman industri mengkontami Indonesia: Bali, Jawa, (Syn. Piercea acuminata Raf., Piercea (industrial forest), nasi biji, Sumatera glabra Mill., Piercea obliquata Raf., hortikultura (horticulture), bibit, media Africa: Cape Verde, Piercea tomentosa Mill., Rivina tanaman pangan (food crops), tanam Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ivory acuminata Raf., Rivina aurantiaca tanaman perkebunan (estate (contaminate Coast, Mayotte, Warsc. Ex Schenk, Rivina brasiliensis crops) d true seeds Mozambique, Réunion, Nocca, Rivina canescens G. Don ex (inc. grain), Seychelles, South Africa, Steud, Rivina gracilis Salisb., Rivina seedlings, Tanzania, Uganda, laevis L., Rivina lanceolata Willd., growing Zimbabwe Rivina obliquata Raf., Rivina orientalis media America: Anguilla, Moq., Rivina pallida Salisb., Rivina associated Antigua and Barbuda, paraguayensis S.Parodi, Rivina with plants) Argentina, Aruba, portulaccoides Nutt., Rivina Bahamas, Barbados, procumbens Ruiz ex Moq., Rivina Belize, Brazil, British puberula Kunth., Rivina purpurascens Virgin Islands, Bolivia, Schrad., Rivina tetrandra Desf., Caribbean, Central Rivina viridiflora Bel., Rivina viridis America, Cayman Schmidt in Meyer, Solanoides laevis Islands, Colombia, Costa (L.) Moench, Solanoides pubescens Rica, Cuba, Dominican Moench, Solanoides undulata Republic, El Salvador, Moench); Ecuador, French Guiana, Phytolaccaceae; Grenada, Guadeloupe, - 779 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN HABITAT MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP BUDIDAYA/CULTIVATION PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM HABITAT /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) pigeonberry, rouge plant, baby Guatemala, Guyana, peppers, bloodberry, coralito Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, United States Virgin Islands, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: Chagos Archipelago, China, Christmas Island (Indian Ocean), India, Japan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan Europe: Germany, Spain, Sweden Oceania: Australia, Cocos - 780 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN HABITAT MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP BUDIDAYA/CULTIVATION PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM HABITAT /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu

6. CENDAWAN (FUNGAL/FUNGAL LIKE ORGANISM/PSEUDOFUNGI)

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) 1. [s]: - II Cucurbitaceae, Citrullus biji (true Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa [a]: Alternaria cucumerina (Ellis & lanatus (semangka, seeds), buah Barat) Everh.) J.A. Elliott, 1917; watermelon), Cucumis melo (fruits), daun Africa: Egypt, Kenya, (Syn. Alternaria brassicae var. (melon, melon), Cucurbita (leaves) Libya, Malawi, Nigeria, nigrescens Peglion, 1892, maxima (labu, giant Sudan, Zambia, Alternaria cucumerina var. pumpkin), Cucurbita moschata Zimbabwe - 781 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) cucumerina (Ellis & Everh.) J.A. (labu, pumpkin), Cucurbita America: Argentina, Elliott, 1917, Alternaria pepo (labu kuning, zukini, Canada, Jamaica, USA cucumerina var. cyamopsidis zucchini) Asia: Bhutan, India, (Rangaswami & A.V. Rao) E.G. Oman, Qatar Simmons, 1966, Alternaria Europe: Cyprus, Italy cyamopsidis Rangaswami & A.V. Oceania: Australia Rao, 1957, Alternaria nigrescens (Peglion) Neerg., 1945); , , , , Pleosporaceae; cucumber blight, brown spot of cucumber, alternaria leaf blight, leaf blight of cucurbits, leaf spot of cucumber - 782 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) 2. [s]: Balansia oryzae- II Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa sativae Hashioka, 1971; grass), Echinochloa crus-galli batang Barat, Jawa Tengah), (Syn. Balansia oryzae (Syd.) (barnyard grass), Eragrostis (stems (above Sumatera (Sumatera Naras. & Thirum., 1943); (lovegrasses), Leptochloa ground), Utara, Sumatera Barat, [a]: Ephelis oryzae Syd., 1914; chinensis (Chinese trunks, NAD, Jambi) (Syn. Ephelis pallida Pat., 1897); sprangletop), Oryza sativa branches), Africa: Ghana, Sierra Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, (padi, paddy, rice), Paspalum biji (true Leone, Zambia , Hypocreales, dilatatum (dallis grass), seeds inc. America: USA Clavicipitaceae; Paspalum scrobiculatum grains), Asia: Bhutan, China, black choke, black ring, false ergot, (ricegrass paspalum), bunga Hongkong, India, Nepal incense rod, sterility disease, Pennisetum glaucum (pearl (flowers, Oceania: New Caledonia, udbatta, udbatta disease of Rice millet), Secale cereale (rye), inflorescence Vanuatu Setaria italica (foxtail millet), s, cones, Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) calyx), daun (leaves), tunas (shoots) 3. [s]: Ceratocystis fimbriata Ellis & I Acacia decurrens (green akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa, Halst., 1890; wattle), Acacia mangium batang Kalimantan, Sumatera (Syn. Ceratocystis fimbriata f. (brown salwood), Acacia (stems (above (NAD, Riau) fimbriata Ellis & Halst., 1890, mearnsii (black wattle), ground), Africa: DR Congo, Ghana, Ceratocystis moniliformis f. Alocasia, Annona, Cajanus trunks, Ivory Coast, Seychelles, coffeae (Zimm.) C. Moreau, 1954, cajan (pigeon pea), Camelia branches, South Africa, Uganda Ceratostomella fimbriata (Ellis & sinensis (teh, tea), Carya bibit America: Brazil, Canada, - 783 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Halst.) J.A. Elliott, 1923, cordiformis (bitternut hickory), (seedlings), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ophiostoma coffeae (Zimm.) Arx, Cassia javanica (pink shower), buah (fruits), Cuba, Dominican 1952, Ophiostoma fimbriatum Citrus, Citrus aurantium (sour daun (leaves), Republic, Ecuador, El (Ellis & Halst.) Nannf., 1934, orange), Coffea (coffee), Coffea kayu (woods), Salvador, Grenada, Rostrella coffeae Zimm., 1900); arabica (arabica coffee), Coffea kulit kayu Guatemala, Guyana, [a]: Chalara sp. (Vujanovic et al. canephora (robusta coffee), (bark), media Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, 1999); Colocasia esculenta (taro), tanam(growin Nicaragua, Panama, (Syn. Endoconidiophora Cortalaria, Crotalaria juncea g media Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint fimbriata (Ellis & Halst.) R.W. (sunn hemp), Daucus carota associated Lucia, Saint Vincent and Davidson, 1935, (carrot), Erythrina spp., with plants), the Grenadines, Endoconidiophora Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tree), polong Suriname, Trinidad and fimbriata f. fimbriata (Ellis & Fagus (beeches), Ficus carica (pods), Tobago, Uruguay, USA, Halst.) R.W. Davidson, 1935, (fig), Gmelina arborea tanaman Hawaii, Venezuela Sphaeronaema fimbriatum (Ellis & (candahar), Hevea brasiliensis hasil Asia: Brunei Darussalam, Halst.) Sacc., 1892); (rubber), Hevea, Ipomoea, mikropropag Cambodia, China, DPR Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Ipomoea batatas (sweet asi Korea (North Korea), Sordariomycetes, Microascales; potato), Mangifera indica (micropropag India, Japan, Malaysia, black rot of sweet potato, blight of (mango), Manihot esculenta ated plants), Myanmar, Oman, mango, cancer of coffee, mouldy rot (cassava), Metroxylon, tunas Philippines, Republic of of rubber, Ceratocystis blight, wilt Myristica fragrans (pala), (shoots), Korea (South Korea), disease of cocoa, cacao wilt, Pimenta dioica (Allspice), umbi (bulbs, Taiwan, Thailand, Ceratostomella wilt, mango blight, Populus (poplars), Prunus tubers, Vietnam black cane rot of syngonium, black (stone fruit), Prunus corms, Europe: France, Italy, cancer of aspen, black rot of sunn armeniaca (apricot), Prunus rhizomes) Poland, Portugal, - 784 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) hemp, black rot of taro, cancer stain dulcis (almon, badam, Switzerland, United of plane treem Ceratocystis canker, almond), Punica granatum Kingdom Ceratocystis wilt, mallet cancer, (pomegranate), Spathodea Oceania: American mango wilt, sweet potato black rot, campanulata (African tulip Samoa, Australia, Fiji, target cancer of aspen tree), Syngonium auritum, New Zealand, Papua New Syngonium podophyllum Guinea, Samoa, Solomon (Arrowhead vine), Theobroma Islands cacao (cocoa), Xanthosoma (cocoyam) 4. [s]: Diaporthe maydis (Berk.) B. I Arundinaria (cane), Bambusa, batang Indonesia: Sumatera Sutton, 1980; Zea diploperennis, Zea mays (stems), biji (Sumatera Utara) (Syn. Sphaeria maydis Berk. (jagung, corn, maize), Zea (true seeds), Africa: Congo, DR Congo, (1847), Sphaeria zeae Curr., mays subsp. mays (sweetcorn) bunga Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, 1859, Sphaeria zeae Schwein. (inflorescence Malawi, Nigeria, South (1832)); s), daun Africa, Swaziland, [a]: Stenocarpella maydis (Berk) B. (leaves) Tanzania, Zambia, Sutton (1980); Zimbabwe (Syn. Diplodia maydicola Speg., America: Belize, Brazil, 1911, Diplodia maydis (Berk.) Canada, Honduras, Ellis & Everh., 1892, Diplodia Mexico, USA, Argentina, maydis (Berk.) Sacc., 1884, Brazil, Colombia, Diplodia zeae Lév., 1848, Diplodia Ecuador zeae-maydis Mekht.,1962, Asia: China, India, Iran, Hendersonia zeae (Lév.) Hazsl. Japan, South Korea, - 785 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) (1872), Macrodiplodia zeae (Lév.) Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan, Petr. & syd..1923, Macrodiplodia Thailand zeae var. zeae (Lév) Petr. &Syd., Europe: Austria, 1923, Phaeostagonosporopsis Bulgaria, Czech Republic, zeae (Lév.) Woron. (1925)); Italy, Montenegro, Serbia, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, United Kingdom Sordariomycetes, ; Oceania: Australia, New ear rot of maize, leaf spot of maize, Zealand stalk rot of maize, seedling blight of maize, leaf blight of maize, leaf blight of Sorghum spp., leaf spot of grasses, Diplodia ear and stalk rot, white ear rot of maize 5. [s]: Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke & I Abelmoschus esculentus batang Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa Ellis) Sacc., 1882; (okra), Abution theophrasti (stems), biji Barat) (Syn. Diaporthe aspalathi E. (velvet leaf), Allium cepa (true seeds, Africa: Cameroon, Egypt, Jansen, Castl. & Crous, 2006, (bawang bombay, onion), grains), buah Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Diaporthe caulivora (Athow & Allium sativum (bawang putih, (fruits), daun Sierra Leone, South Caldwell) J.M. Santos, Vrandecic garlic), Amaranthus spinosus (leaves), Africa, Tanzania & A.J.L. Phillips, 2011, Diaporthe (spiny amaranth), Arachis media tanam America: Argentina, phaseolorum var. batatae (Harter hypogaea (kacang tanah, (growing Brazil, Canada, & E.C. Field) Wehm., 1933, groundnut), Brachyglottis media Colombia, Cuba, Diaporthe phaseolorum repanda (rangiora), Capsicum associated Ecuador, Guyana, var. caulivora Athow & Caldwell, annuum (cabai, hot pepper, with plants), Paraguay, USA, - 786 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) 1954, Diaporthe chilies, red pepper), Capsicum polong (pods) Venezuela phaseolorum var. meridionalis F.A frustescens (cabai rawit, Asia: China, DPR Korea . Fernández, 1996, Diaporthe chilli), Capsicum sp., Glycine (North Korea), Georgia, phaseolorum var. sojae (Lehman) max (kedelai, soybean), India, Malaysia, Nepal, Wehm., 1933, Diaporthe Helianthus annuus (bunga Republic of Korea (South sojae Lehman, 1923, Sphaeria matahari, sunflower), Korea), Sri Lanka, phaseolorum Cooke & Ellis, Lespedeza, Lupinus spp., Taiwan, Thailand 1878); Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Europe: Armenia, [a]: Phomopsis phaseoli (Desm.) Phaseolus vulgaris (kacang Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Sacc., 1915; panjang, common bean), Croatia, Czech Republic, (Syn. Chorostate batatas (Harter Phaseolus spp., Solanum France, Hungary, Italy, & E.C. Field) Sacc., 1928, Phoma lycopersicum (tomat, Moldova, Montenegro, phaseoli Desm., 1836, Phoma tomato),Vicia faba (faba bean), Poland, Romania, subcircinata Ellis & Everh., 1893, Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) Russian Federation, Phomopsis phaseoli var. phaseoli Serbia, Spain (Desm.) Sacc., 1915, Phomopsis Oceania: Australia, New sojae Lehman, 1922, Zealand Septomazzantia phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis) Lar.N. Vassiljeva, 1998); Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes, Diaporthales, Diaporthaceae; lima bean pod blight, leaf spot of - 787 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Lima bean, bean pod blight, bean stem blight, bean stem canker, pod blight of bean, pod blight of lima bean, steam blight of bean, stem canker of bean 6. [s]: Diaporthe vexans (Sacc. & P. Syd.) I Solanum aculeatissimum, batang Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa Gratz, 1942; (Dutch-eggplant), Solanum (stems (above Barat, Jawa Tengah, [a]: Phomopsis vexans (Sacc. & P. incanum (grey bitter-apple), ground), Jawa Timur) Syd.) Harter, 1914; Solanum melongena (terung, trunks, Africa: Algeria, Egypt, (Syn. Ascochyta hortorum (Speg.) eggplant, aubergine), Solanum branches), Kenya, Mauritius, C.O. Sm., 1905, Phoma solani nigrum (leunca, black bibit Senegal, Seychelles, Halst., 1892, Phoma vexans Sacc. nightshade), solanum torvum (seedlings), South Africa, Tanzania, & P. Syd., 1899, Phyllosticta (turkey berry), Solanum biji (true Zambia, Zimbabwe hortorum Speg., 1881); virginianum (Surattense seeds, America: Antigua and Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, nightshade) grains), buah Barbuda, Argentina, Sordariomycetes, Diaporthales, (fruits), Barbados, Bermuda, Diaporthaceae; bunga Brazil, Canada, blight of eggplant, Phomopsis rot of (flowers, Colombia, Costa Rica, eggplant, brown spot of eggplant, inflorescence Cuba, Dominican fruit rot of eggplant, tip over of s, cones, Republic, El Savador, eggplant calyx), daun Guadeloupe, Guatemala, (leaves), Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, media tanam, Mexico, Panama, Puerto polong Rico, United States Virgin - 788 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) (pods), Island, USA, Venezuela tanaman Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei hasil Darussalam, China, mikropropag India, Iran, Irak, Japan, asi Jordan, Laos, Malaysia, (micropropag Maldives, Myanmar, ated plants), Pakistan, Philippines, tunas Republic of Korea (South (shoots) Korea), Saudi Arabia, Taiwan Europe: Romania Oceania: Australia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia 7. [s]: Didymella bryoniae (Fuckel) I Cucurbitaceae, Citrullus batang Indonesia: Sumatera Rehm, 1881; vulgaris (semangka, (stems), biji (Jambi), Jawa (Jawa (Syn. Didymella bryoniae var. watermelon), Cucumis melo (true seeds), Barat) astragalina Rehm, 1872, (melon, melon), Cucumis buah (fruits), Africa: Ethiopia, Gabon, Didymella bryoniae var. bryoniae sativus (mentimun, daun (leaves), Kenya, Malawi, (Fuckel) Rehm, 1881, Didymella cucumber), Cucurbita spp., media tanam Mauritius, Morocco, effusa (Niessl) Sacc., 1882, Momordica charantia (paria, (growing Nigeria, South Africa, Didymella effusa var. aronici bitter gourd), Sechium edule media Uganda, Zambia, Sacc., 1897, Didymella effusa var. (labu siam), Solanum associated Zimbabwe effusa (Niessl) Sacc., 1882, tuberosum (kentang, potato) with plants) America: Argentina, - 789 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Didymella melonis Pass., 1891, Barbados, Belize, Didymosphaeria bryoniae Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, (Auersw.) Niessl, 1875, Canada, Chile, Costa Didymosphaeria effusa Niessl, Rica, Cuba, Dominica, El 1875, Didymosphaeria melonis Salvador, Jamaica, Pidopl., 1948, Laestadia Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, cucurbitacearum, (Fr.) Sacc., Puerto Rico, Trinidad and 1883, Mycosphaerella cucumis Tobago, USA (Fautrey & Roum.) W.F. Chiu & Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei J.C. Walker, 1949, Darussalam, China, Mycosphaerella melonis (Pass.) India, Iraq, Israel, Japan, W.F. Chiu & J.C. walker, 1949, Laos, Malaysia, Sphaerella bryoniae Auersw., Myanmar, Pakistan, 1869, Sphaerella citrullina Philippines, Republic of (Chester) Sacc. & Traverso, 1911, Korea (South Korea), Sri Sphaerella cucurbitacearum (Fr.) Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand Cooke, 1883, Sphaeria bryoniae Europe: Austria, Fuckel, 1870, Sphaeria bryoniae Bulgaria, Czech Republic, var. bryoniae Fuckel, 1870, Denmark, France, Sphaeria cucurbitacearum Fr., Germany, Greece, 1823); Ireland, Italy, [a]: cucurbitacearum Netherlands, Norway, (Fr.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Poland, Romania, Verkley, 2010; Russian Federation, - 790 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) (Syn. Ascochyta citrullina Slovakia, Sweden, (Chester) C.O. Sm., 1905, Switzerland, Ukraine, Ascochyta cucumis Fautrey United Kingdom Roum., 1891, Ascochyta melonis Oceania: Australia, Fiji, Potebnia, 1910, Cercidospora France Polynesia, New bryoniae (Fuckel) Kuntze, 1898, Caledonia, New Zealand, Cercidospora effusa (Niessl) Pitcairn, Samoa, Samoa Kuntze, 1898, Cercidospora America, Solomon melonis (pass.) Kuntze, 1898, Islands, Tonga Cercospora citrullina Cooke, 1883, Cercospora citrullina var. citrullina Cooke, 1883, Cercospora citrullina var. trichosanthis-anguinae Rangaswami & Chandras., 1962, Cercospora cucurbitae Ellis & Everh., 1888, Diplodia citrullina (Chester) Grossenb., 1909, Phoma cucurbitacearum (Fr.) sacc., 1884, Phoma cucurbitacearum f. cucurbitacearum (Fr.) Sacc., 1884, Phoma cucurbitacearum f. trichosanthis sacc., 1903, Phyllosticta citrullina Chester, 1891); - 791 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes, Pleosporales, Didymellaceae; gummy stem blight, leaf spot of cucurbits, cercospora leafspot of squash, cucumber black rot, cucurbits stem blight, cucurbits leaf spot, cucurbits stem-end rot 8. [s]: Elsinoe ampelina Shear, 1929; I Rubus fruticosus (blackberry), batang Indonesia: Bali (Syn. Uleomyces parasiticus Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Vitis (stems (above Africa: Kenya, Henn., Plectodiscella veneta labrusca (fox grape), Vitis ground), Madagascar, Mauritius, Burkh., Elsinoë viticola Racib.); rupestris (sand-grape), Vitis trunks, Morocco, Mozambique, [a]: Sphaceloma ampelinum de Bary, vinifera (grapevine) branches), South Africa, Tanzania, 1874; buah (fruits), Zambia, Zimbabwe (Syn. Gloeosporium bunga America: Argentina, ampelophagum (Pass.) Sacc., (flowers, Barbados, Bermuda, 1878, Ramularia inflorescence Brazil, Canada, Chile, ampelophaga Pass., 1876, s, cones, Colombia, Costa Rica, Manginia ampelina Viala & calyx), daun Cuba, Dominican Pacottet); (leaves), Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, polong Puerto Rico, Mexico, Dothideomycetes, Myriangiales, (pods), tunas Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Elsinoaceae; (shoots) USA, Venezuela grape anthracnose; grape black spot; Asia: Afghanistan, - 792 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) grape black rot; bird's eye spot; bird's Azerbaijan, Cambodia, eye rot; vine black spot; bird's eye China, Georgia, Hong ; anthracnose of grapevine; Kong, India, Iran, Japan, bird's eye disease of grapevine; black Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, spot of grapevine Myanmar, Pakistan, Republic of Korea (South Korea), Taiwan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Europe: Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom Oceania: Australia, - 793 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) French Polynesia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea 9. [s]: Erysiphe necator Schwein., 1832; II Ampelopsis, Cissus (grape), batang Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa (Syn. Erysiphe Cissus rhombifolia (grape ivy), (stems (above Timur), Bali necator var. ampelopsidis (Peck) Parthenocissus, Vitis, Vitis ground), Africa: Algeria, Congo, U. Braun & S. Takam., 2000, vinifera (anggur, grapevine), trunks, DR Congo, Egypt, Uncinula americana Howe, 1872, Vitis vinifera subsp. Sylvestris, branches), Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Uncinula ampelopsidis Peck, bibit Malawi, Mauritania, 1872, Uncinula necator (Schwein.) (seedlings), Morocco, Mozambique, Burrill, 1892, Uncinula necator buah (fruits), Portugal, Sierra Leone, var. ampelopsidis (Peck) U. bunga Somalia, South Africa, Braun, 1983, Uncinula (flowers, Sudan, Tanzania, necator var. necator (Schwein.) inflorescence Tunisia, Uganda, Burrill, 1892); s, cones, Zimbabwe [a]: Oidium tuckeri Berk., 1847; calyx), daun, America: Argentina, (Syn. Acrosporium tuckeri (Berk.) kayu (woods), Barbados, Bermuda, Sumst., 1913, Oidium kulit kayu Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, tuckeri Berk., 1847, Pseudoidium (bark), polong Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, tuckeri (Berk.) Y.S. Paul & J.N. (pods), Dominican Republic, Kapoor, 1986); tanaman Guatemala, Guyana, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, hasil Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, Leotiomycetes, Erysiphales, mikropropag Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Erysiphaceae; asi Tobago, Uruguay, USA, - 794 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) embun tepung (powdery mildew), (micropropag Hawaii, Venezuela grapevine powdery mildew, grape ated plants), Asia: Afghanistan, China, powdery mildew, powdery mildew tunas Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, grapevine (shoots) Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyztan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Myanmar, Pakistan, Republic of Korea (South Korea), Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Yemen Europe: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, - 795 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) North Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea 10. [s]: - I Asparagus officinalis akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa [a]: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. (asparaga, asparagus) batang Barat, Jawa Timur) asparagi S.I. Cohen; (stems), biji America: Mexico, USA Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, (true seeds), Asia: Taiwan Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales, bibit Europe: France, Greece, Nectriaceae; (seedlings), Italy, Netherlands, layu, busuk akar (wilt, root rot) media tanam Poland (growing media associated with plants) 11. [s]: - I Acacia melanoxylon akar (roots), Indonesia: Sumatera [a]: Fusarium oxysporum f. passiflorae (australian blackwod), batang (Sumatera Utara) W.L. Gordon, 1954; Passiflora edulis (passion (stems (above Africa: South Africa - 796 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, fruit), Passiflora ground), America: Brazil, USA Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales, quadrangularis (markisa, trunks, Asia: China Nectriaceae; granadilla, passion-fruit), branches), Oceania: Australia layu Fusarium, Fusarium wilt, wilt of Samanea saman (rain tree) daun (leaves), passion fruit media tanam (growing media associated with plants), tunas (shoots) 12. [s]: Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) I Acacia mearnsii (black wattle), akar (roots), Indonesia: Sumatera Petch,1936; Alopecurus pratensis (Meadow batang (Sumatera Barat), Jawa (Syn. Botryosphaeria saubinetii foxtail), Avena sativa (oats), (stems (above (Jawa Timur) (Mont.) Niessl, 1872, Dothidea Azadirachta indica (neem ground), Africa: Cameroon, Egypt, zeae (Schwein.) Schwein., 1832, tree), Beta vulgaris pv. trunks, Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya, Gibbera saubinetii Mont., 1856, saccharifera (bit gula, sugar banches), biji Malawi, Nigeria, South Gibberella pulicaris subsp. beet), Brassica, Cucurbita (true seeds, Africa, Tunisia, Zambia, saubinetii (Mont.) Sacc., 1878, pepo (labu kuning, zukini, grains), buah Zimbabwe Gibberella saubinetii (Mont.) zucchini), Dianthus (anyelir, (fruits), America: Argentina, Sacc., 1879, Gibberella saubinetii carnation), Gardenia bunga Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, f. acuum Feltgen, 1901, Gibberella jasminoides (cape jasmine), (flowers, Colombia, Costa Rica, saubinetii f. saubinetii (Mont.) Glycine max (kedelai, inflorescence Dominica, Grenada, Sacc., 1879, Gibberella saubinetii soyabean), Gossypium s, cones, Honduras, Mexico, - 797 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) subsp. pachyspora Sacc., 1880, (cotton), Hordeum vulgare calyx), daun Paraguay, Peru, Saint Gibberella saubinetii subsp. (barley), Hyacinthus orientalis (leaves), Lucia, Saint Vincent and saubinetii (Mont.) Sacc., 1879, (hyacinth), Jatropha curcas media tanam, the Grenadines, Gibberella saubinetii var. acuum (jarak, jatropha), Linum polong Uruguay, USA, Windward (Feltgen) Sacc., 1906, Gibberella usitassimum (flax), Lolium (pods), tunas Island saubinetii var. calami Henn., multiflorum (Italian ryegrass), (shoots), Asia: Bangladesh, China, 1903, Gibberella saubinetii var. Lupinus (lupins), Lycopersicon, umbi (tubers) India, Iran, Japan, coronillae Sacc., 1879, Gibberella Mangifera indica (mangga, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, saubinetii var. flacca Wollenw., mango), Medicago (medic), Nepal, Pakistan, Republic 1931, Gibberella saubinetii var. Medicago littoralis (strand of Korea (South Korea), mate Speg., 1908, Gibberella medick), Miscanthus x Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, saubinetii var. pachyspora Sacc., giganteus, Musa x paradisiaca Taiwan, Turkey, 1880, Gibberella saubinetii var. (pisang, banana), Nicotiana Uzbekistan saubinetii (Mont.) Sacc., 1879, tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Europe: Austria, Gibberella saubinetii var. Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, Belgium, Bosnia and tetraspora Feltgen, 1903, rice), Panicum miliaceum Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Sphaeria saubinetii Berk. & (millet), Pennisetum glaucum Croatia, Czech Republic, Broome, 1848, Sphaeria zeae (pearl millet), Phalaris Denmark, Finland, Schwein., 1822); canariensis (canarygrass), France, Germany, [a]: Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, Phaseolus vulgaris (kacang Greece, Hungary, 1839; buncis, common bean), Pinus Iceland, Ireland, Italy, (Syn. Dichomera saubinetii sylvestris (Scots pine), Pisum Lithuania, Luxemburg, (Mont.) Cooke, 1878, Fusarium (pea), Rubus idaeus Moldova, Montenegro, caricis Oudem., 1890, Fusarium (raspberry), Secale cereale Netherlands, North - 798 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) graminearum Schwabe (1838), (rye), Solanum (leunca, Macedonia, Norway, Fusarium graminearum var. nightshade), Solanum Poland, Portugal, caricis (Oudem.) Wollenw., 1931, tuberosum (kentang, potato), Romania, Russian Fusarium graminearum var. Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Federation, Serbia, graminearum Schwabe, 1839, Trifolium (clovers), Triticale, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Fusarium roseum Link emend Triticum aestivum (wheat), Sweden, Switzerland, Snyder & Hansen., 1945, Vaccinium (blueberries), Vicia Ukraine, United Kingdom Hendersoniopsis zeae (Schwein.) faba ( Broad bean), Vitis Oceania: Australia, Fiji, Woron., 1922); vinifera (anggur, grapevine), New Zealand. Papua New Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Zea mays (jagung, corn, Guinea, Solomon Islands Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales, maize), Zingiber officinale Nectriaceae; (jahe, ginger) headblight of maize, scab of maize, root rot of maize, stalk rot of maize, ear rot of maize, gibberella stalk rot, gibberella ear rot, red ear rot, pink ear rot, fusarium root and stalk rot, cobweb disease 13. [s]: - I Solanum tuberosum (kentang, akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa, Nusa [a]: Helminthosporium solani Durieu potato) tunas Tenggara Barat (Lombok), & Mont., 1849; (shoots), Sumatera (Bengkulu, (Syn. Brachysporium umbi (tubers) Jambi, Sumatera solani (Durieu & Mont.) Sacc., Selatan, Sumatera Utara, 1886, Cladosporium abietinum Sumatera Barat, Jambi) - 799 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Zukal, Dematium atrovirens Harz, Africa: Morocco, South 1871, Helminthosporium Africa atrovirens (Harz) E.W. Mason & S. America: Argentina, Hughes, 1953), Spondylocladium Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, atrovirens (Harz) Harz ex Sacc., Chile, Colombia, Cuba, 1886); Mexico, Peru, USA, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Venezuela Dothideomycetes, Pleosporales, Asia: China, India, Iran, Massarinaceae; Israel, Japan, Myanmar, silver scurf Singapore, Taiwan, Turkey Europe: Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerlands, United Kingdom Oceania: Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, - 800 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Papua New Guinea 14. [s]: Leptosphaeria maculans (Tul. & C. II Alliaria, Argemone mexicana akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa, Tul.) Ces. & De Not., 1863; (jaruju, Mexican poppy), batang Sumatera (Sumatera (Syn. Phaeosphaeria sowerbyi Asteraceae, Astragalus (stems (above Barat), Sulawesi (Fuckel) L. Holm, 1957, adsurgens, Avena sativa (oat, ground), (Sulawesi Selatan, Leptosphaeria alliariae (Auersw.) oat), Beta vulgaris (bit gula, trunks, Sulawesi Utara) Rehm, 1883, Pleospora maculans sugar beet), Brassica spp., branches), Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, Tul. & C. Tul., 1863, Pleospora Brassica juncea var. juncea biji (true Kenya, Mozambique, maculans (Ces. & De Not.) Tul. & (Indian mustard), Brassica seeds), buah Nigeria, South Africa, C. Tul., Sphaeria napus var. napus (rape), (fruits), daun Zambia, Zimbabwe alliariae Auersw., Sphaeria Brassica nigra (black (leaves), America: Argentina, brassicae Pers. ex Curr., 1859, mustard), Brassica oleracea polong Brazil, Canada, Costa Sphaeria lingam Tode, 1791, (kol, cabbage), Brassica (pods), tunas Rica, El Salvador, Sphaeria maculans Desm.); olerace var. botrytis (bunga (shoots) Guadeloupe, Mexico, [a]: Phoma lingam (Tode) Desm., kol, cauliflower), Brassica Panama, Puerto Rico, 1849; oleracea var. capitata (kubis, USA (Syn. Depazea brassicae Sacc., cabbage), Brassica oleracea Asia: China, DPR Korea 1884, Heptameria maculans (Ces. var. gemmifera (Brussels (North Korea), Georgia, & De Not.) Cooke, Phoma sprouts), Brassica oleracea India, Iran, Israel, Japan, brassicae Thüm., 1884, Phoma var. italica (brokoli, broccoli), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, lingam f. linariae Sacc. & Paol., Brassica oleracea var. viridis Malaysia, Pakistan, Phoma lingam f. lingam (Tode) (collards), Brassica rapa Philippines, Republic of Desm., 1849, Phoma subsp. Oleifera (turnip rape), Korea (South Korea), lingam var. lingam (Tode) Desm., Brassica rapa subsp. Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey - 801 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) 1849, Phoma pekinensis, Brassica rapa Europe: Armenia, lingam var. napobrassicae (Rostr.) subsp. rapa (turnip), Austria, Belarus, Grove, 1935, Phoma Brassicaceae, Cardamine Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech napobrassicae Rostr. (1892), bellidfolia, Clematis vitalba, Republic, Denmark, Phoma oleracea Sacc., 1880, Eucalyptus globulus, Gentiana Estonia, Finland, France, Phoma oleracea f. oleracea Sacc., cruciata, Gentianales, Hibiscus Germany, Hungary, 1909, Phoma oleracea rosa-sinensis (kembang Ireland, Italy, Latvia, f. oleracea Sacc., 1880, Phoma sepatu, China rose), Iberis Liechtenstein, Lithuania, oleracea var. antirrhini Sacc., (candytuft), Iberis umbellata, Malta, Netherlands, 1884, Phoma Lobularia, Lobularia maritima, Norway, Poland, Portugal, oleracea var. antirrhini- Lolium perenne, Matthiola, Romania, Russian litigiosi Gonz. Frag., 1917, Phoma Matthiola incana, Onagraceae, Federation, Slovakia, oleracea var. arabidis Baudyš & Raphanus raphanistrum, Spain, Sweden, Picb., 1928, Phoma oleracea var. Raphanus Sativus (lobak, Switzerland, Ukraine, dipsaci Sacc., 1884, Phoma radish), Raphanus sativus var. United Kingdom, oleracea var. heraclei-lanati Sacc., sativus, Secale cereale, Scotland 1920, Phoma oleracea var. Sinapsis alba, Sinapsis Oceania: Australia, New oleracea Sacc., 1880, Phoma arvensis (wild mustard), Caledonia, New Zealand, oleracea var. scrophulariae Sacc., Sisymbrium sp., Thlaspi Papua New Guinea 1884, Phoma oleracea var. arvense (field pennycress) solidaginis Sacc., 1884, Phoma oleracea var. tanaceti Allesch., 1901, Phoma oleracea var. urticae Sacc., 1884, - 802 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Phyllosticta brassicae Westend., 1851, Phyllosticta napi Sacc., 1879, Plenodomus lingam (Tode) Höhn.), Sphaeropsis lingam (Tode) Mussat); Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes, Ploeosporales, Leptosphaeriaceae; pangkal batang hitam (black leg), canker, dry rot, leaf spot, black leg of fungus, black leg of rapeseed, black leg of cabbage, black leg of crucifers, dry rot of crucifers, stem canker 15. [s]: - I Abelmoschus esculentus akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa [a]: Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) (okra), Abies concolor (Rocky batang Barat, Banten) Goid., 1947; Mountain white fir), Actinidia (stems (above Africa: Benin, Botswana, (Syn. Botryodiplodia phaseoli chinensis (Chinese ground), Burkina Faso, Cameroon, (Maubl.) Thirum., 1953, gooseberry), Actinidia deliciosa trunks, Central African Republic, Dothiorella phaseoli (Maubl.) Petr. (kiwifruit), Albizia lebbeck branches), DR Congo, Egypt, & Syd., 1927, Dothiorella (Indian siris), Alhagi biji (true Ethiopia, Gabon, philippinensis (Petr.) Petr., 1927, pseudalhagi (Camel-thorn), seeds, Gambia, Ghana, Ivory Dothiorella cajani (Syd., P. Syd. & Allium cepa (bawang bombay, grains), buah Coast, Kenya, Libya, E.J. Butler) Syd., P. Syd. & E.J. onion), Allium sativum (fruits), Madagascar, Malawi, Butler, 1925, Fusicoccum (bawang putih, garlic), Arachis bunga Mauritius, Morocco, - 803 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) cajani (Syd., P. Syd. & E.J. Butler) hypogaea (kacang tanah, (flowers, Mozambique, Niger, Samuels & B.B. Singh, 1986, groundnut), Artocarpus inflorescence Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Macrophoma cajani Syd., P. Syd. hirsutus (wild jack fruit), s, cones, Leone, Somalia, South & E.J. Butler, 1916, Macrophoma Basella alba (Malabar calyx), daun Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, corchori Sawada, 1916, spinach), Beta vulgaris var. (leaves), Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Macrophoma phaseoli Maubl., saccharifera (bit gula, sugar polong Uganda, Zambia, 1905, Macrophoma beet), Boehmeria nivea (ramie), (pods), tunas Zimbabwe phaseolina Tassi, 1901, Bombax ceiba (silk cotton (shoots), America: Argentina, Macrophoma sesami Sawada, tree), Brassica, Brassica umbi (bulbs, Bahamas, Brazil, 1922, Macrophomina oleracea var. botrytis (bunga tubers, Canada, Chile, Colombia, phaseoli (Maubl.) S.F. Ashby, kol, cauliflower), Broussonetia corms, Cuba, Dominica, El 1927, Macrophomina papyrifera (paper mulberry), rhizomes) Savador, Guadeloupe, phaseoli var. indica Moniz & V.P. Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, Guyana, Honduras, Bhide, 1963, Macrophomina pigeon pea), Cannabis sativa Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto phaseoli var. phaseoli (Maubl.) (ganja, hemp), Capsicum Rico, Peru, Trinidad and S.F. Ashby, 1927, Macrophomina annuum (paprika, bell pepper), Tobago, Uruguay, USA, philippinensis Petr., 1923, Carica papaya (pepaya, Venezuela Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taubenh.) papaya), Carthamus tinctorius Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei E.J. Butler, 1925, Rhizoctonia (safflower), Catharanthus Darussalam, China, lamellifera W. Small, 1924, roseus (Pink periwinkle), India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Sclerotium bataticola Taubenh., Cedrus atlantica (Atlas cedar), Japan, Kuwait, Lebanon, 1913, Tiarosporella Cedrus deodara (Himalayan Malaysia, Myanmar, phaseoli (Maubl.) Aa, 1977, cedar), Celosia argentea Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Tiarosporella phaseolina (Tassi) (celosia), Chlorophytum, Cicer Republic of Korea (South - 804 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Aa, 1981); arietinum (chickpea), Korea), Sri Lanka, Syria, Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Cichorium (chicory), Citrullus Taiwan, Turkey, Yemen Botryosphaeriales, lanatus (semangka, Europe: Austria, Botryosphaeriaceae; watermelon), Citrus reticulata Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech charcoal rot of bean/tobacco, ashy (mandarin), Cocos nucifera Republic, Denmark, stem blight, ashy stem decay of (kelapa, coconut), Corchorus France, Germany, bean/tobacco, blight of capsularis (white jute), Greece, Hungary, Ireland, bean/tobacco, root rot of Corchorus olitorius (jute), Italy, Mediterranean bean/tobacco Coriandrum sativum countries, Montenegro, (coriander), Crocus sativus Netherlands, Romania, (saffron), Crotalaria juncea Russian Federation, (sunn hemp), Cucumis melo Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, (melon, melon), Cucumis Switzerland, United sativus (mentimum, Kingdom cucumber), Cucurbita pepo Oceania: Australia, Fiji, (labu kuning, zukini, New Zealand, Papua New zucchini), Cuminum cyminum Guinea, Solomon Islands (cumin), Curcuma longa (kunyit, turmeric), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar), Dahlia, Datura stramonium (jimsonweed), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, - 805 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) African oil palm), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum), Eucalyptus tereticornis (forest red gum), Fagopyron, Fragaria, Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, strawberry), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium (kapas, cotton), Gossypium barbadense (Gallini cotton), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Hibiscus schizopetalus (fringed hibiscus), Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Incarvillea delavayi, Jasminum (melati, jasmine), Juniperus scopulorum (Rocky Mountain juniper), Juniperus virginiana (eastern redcedar), Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean), Lagenaria siceraria (bottle - 806 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) gourd), Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris (lentil), Linum (flax), Lupinus (lupins), Macrotyloma uniflorum (horsegram), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Manihot esculenta (singkong, cassava), Medicago (medic), Momordica charantia (bitter gourd), Narcissus (daffodil), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Olea europaea subsp. europaea (olive), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, rice), Papaver somniferum (Opium poppy), Parthenium argentatum (Guayule), Pelargonium (pelargoniums), Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet), Phaseolus (beans), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Pinopsida (conifers), Pinus canariensis (Canary pine), Pinus caribaea - 807 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) (Caribbean pine), Pinus clausa (sand pine), Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine), Pinus jeffreyi (Jeffrey pine), Pinus lambertiana (big pine), Pinus pinaster (maritime pine), Pinus pinea (stone pine), Pinus radiata (radiata pine), Piper betle (betel pepper), Piper nigrum (black pepper), Pisum sativum (pea), Plectranthus barbatus, Prosopis juliflora (mesquite), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus persica (peach), Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (winged bean), Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Ricinus communis (jarak kepyar, castor bean), Saccharum officinarum - 808 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) (sugarcane), Salvia officinalis (common sage), Sapium sebiferum (Chinese tallow tree), Sesamum indicum (sesame), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant, aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Solanum viarum (tropical soda apple), Solidago canadensis (Canadian goldenrod), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Sterculia urens (kateera gum), Stevia rebaudiana, Stylosanthes (pencil-flower), Syzygium samarangense (water apple), Tagetes erecta (African marigold), Trifolium alexandrinum (Berseem clover), Trigonella foenum- graecum (fenugreek), Vanilla planifolia (vanilla), Vicia faba (faba bean), Vigna aconitifolia - 809 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) (moth beans), Vigna mungo (black gram), Vigna radiata (mung bean), Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), Vitis (grape), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Zingiber (jahe, ginger) 16. [r]: Melampsora allii-populina Kleb., I Allium, Allium ampeloprasum biji (true Indonesia: Sulawesi 1902; (wild leek), Allium cepa seeds), daun (Sulawesi Utara) (Syn. Melampsora allii-populina f. (bawang bombay, onion), (leaves), umbi Africa: Algeria, Egypt, allii-populina Kleb., 1902, Puccinia Allium cepa var. agregatum (bulbs) Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, allii-populina (Kleb.) Gombkötô, (bawang merah, shallot), Mauritius, Morocco, Iváncsics, Latos Németh & P. Allium chinense (spring onion), Mozambique, South Reisinger, 2011, Uredo allii- Allium fistulosum (welsh Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, populina Arthur, 1906); onion), Allium porrum (leek), Uganda, Zimbabwe , , Allium sativum (bawang putih, America: Argentina, Pucciniales, Melampsoraceae; garlic), Allium schoenoprasum Brazil, Canada, Chile, rust of garlic, rust of onion (chives), Allium tuberosum Guatemala, Mexico, (Oriental garlic), Allium vinale Uruguay, USA (crow garlic), Populus Asia: China, DPR Korea, (poplars) India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Lebanon, Myanmar, Pakistan, - 810 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Philippines, Republic of Korea (South Korea), Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Yemen Europe: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 17. [s]: Mycosphaerella fijiensis M. I Heliconia psittacorum, Musa bibit Indonesia: Sumatera - 811 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Morelet (1969); spp. (pisang, banana) (seedlings), (Sumatera Utara) (Syn. Mycosphaerella fijiensis var. daun (leaves) Africa: Benin, Burundi, difformis J.L. Mulder & R.H. Cameroon, Central Stover (1976), Mycosphaerella African Republic, fijiensis var. fijiensis M. Morelet, Comoros, Congo, DR 1969); Congo, Gabon, Ghana, [a]: Pseudocercospora fijiensis (M. Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Morelet) Deighton (1976); Coast, Kenya, (Syn. Cercospora fijiensis M. Madagascar, Malawi, Morelet (1969), Cercospora Mauritius, Mayotte, fijiensis var. difformis J.L. Mulder Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, & R.H. Stover (1976), Sao Tome and Principe, Paracercospora fijiensis (M. Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Morelet) Deighton (1979), Zambia Paracercospora fijiensis var. America: Bahamas, difformis (J.L. Mulder & R.H. Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Stover) Deighton (1979)); Colombia, Costa Rica, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Cuba, Dominican Dothideomycetes, Mycopshaerelalles, Republic, Ecuador, El Mycosphaerellaceae; Salvador, Grenada, black sigatoka Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, - 812 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Hawaii, Venezuela Asia: Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, China, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Oceania: American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Federated states of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna Islands - 813 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) 18. [c]: Peronosclerospora II Avena sativa (oat, oats), biji (true Indonesia: Sulawesi philippinensis (W. Weston) C.G. Saccharum officinarum (tebu, seeds), daun Africa: Mauritius Shaw, 1978; sugarcane), Saccharum (leaves) Asia: China, India, (Syn. Sclerospora spontaneum (wild sugarcane), Japan, Nepal, Pakistan, maydis Reinking, 1918, Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Philippines, Taiwan, Sclerospora philippinensis W. Sorghum halepense (Johnson Thailand Weston, 1920); grass), Zea mays (jagung, Oomycota, Oomycetes, Peronosporea, corn, maize), Zea mays subsp. Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae; mexicana (teosinte) Philippine downy mildew 19. [c]: Peronosclerospora sorghi (W. II Andropogon sorghi, Panicum biji (true Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa Weston & Uppal) C.G. Shaw, trypheron, Pennisetum seeds, Barat, Jawa Tengah, 1978; glaucum, Sorghum spp., grains), daun Jawa Timur), Kalimantan (Syn. Sclerospora andropogonis- Sorghum almum (Columbus (leaves), (Kalimantan Barat, sorghi (Kulk.) Mundk., 1951, grass), Sorghum media tanam Kalimantan Timur), Sclerospora graminicola var. arundinaceum, Sorghum (tanah) Sumatera (Sumatera andropogonis-sorghi Kulk., 1913, bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), (growing Barat, Lampung), Nusa Sclerospora sorghi W. Weston & Sorghum caffrorum, Sorghum media Tenggara Timur, Uppal, 1932, Sorosporium halepense (Johnson grass), associated Sulawesi (Gorontalo, andropogonis-sorghi S. Ito, 1935); Sorghum propinquum, with plants Sulawesi Selatan), Bali Oomycota, Peronosporea, Sorghum sudanense (Sudan (soil)) Africa: Benin, Botswana, Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae; grass), Sorghum vesicolor, Burkina Faso, Burundi, sorghum downy mildew, mildew of Sorghum virgatum (tunis Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, maize and sorghum grass), Zea diploperennis, Zea Kenya, Malawi, - 814 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) mays (jagung, corn, maize), Mauritania, Mauritius, Zea mays subsp. Mexicana Mozambique, Nigeria, (teosinte) Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Timor Leste, Vietnam, Yemen Europe: Italy Oceania: Australia 20. [c]: Peronospora manshurica (Naumov) II Glycine max (kedelai, batang Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa Syd., 1923; soyabean), Glycine soja (stems (above Timur, Jawa Barat) - 815 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) (Syn.Peronospora sojae F. Lehm. & ground), Africa: Ethiopia, South F.A. Wolf, 1924, Peronospora trunks, Africa, Zimbabwe trifoliorum var. manshurica Naumo branches), America: Argentina, v, 1914); biji (true Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Oomycota, Peronosporea, seeds, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae; grains), buah Mexico, Puerto Rico, USA soybean downy mildew, embun bulu (fruits), Asia: China, DPR Korea bunga (North Korea), Iran, (flowers, Israel, Japan, inflorescence Kazakhstan, Malaysia, s, cones, Philippines, Republic of calyx), daun Korea (South Korea), (leaves), Taiwan, Thailand, polong Turkey, Vietnam (pods), tunas Europe: Bosnia and (shoots) Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, - 816 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 21. [r]: Phakopsora ampelopsidis Dietel & I Ampelopsis, Ampelopsis batang Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa P. Syd., 1898; aconitifolia (monkhood-vine), (stems), daun Tengah, Jawa Timur), (Syn. Angiopsora Ampelocissus robinsonii, (leaves) Bali, Sulawesi (Sulawesi ampelopsidis (Dietel & P. Syd.) Ampelopsis heterophylla, Selatan) Thirum. & F. Kern, 1949, Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Asia: China, Hong Kong, Physopella ampelopsidis (Dietel & (Amur ampelopsis), Cayratia, Japan, Nepal, P. Syd.) Cummins & Ramachar, Cissus, Cissus yoshimurae, Philippines, Republic of 1959); Meliosma sp., Meliosma Korea (South Korea), Basidiomycota, Pucciniomycotina, myriantha, Partheocissus Taiwan, Thailand Pucciniomycetes, Pucciniales, thunbergii, P. tricuspidata, Oceania: Australia Phakopsoraceae; Quinaria tricuspidata, ampelopsis rust fungus, karat, rust Vitaceae, Vitis caribaea, Vitis coignatiae, Vitis flexuosa, Vitis lanata, Vitis munsoniana, Vitis tiliifolia, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) 22. [c]: Phytophthora citrophthora (R.E. I Abies lasiocarpa var. akar (roots), Indonesia: Sulawesi Sm. & E.H. Sm.) Leonian, 1925; arizonica, Acca sellowiana, batang (Sulawesi Tengah), Nusa (Syn. Phytophthora imperfect var. Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi), (stems (above Tenggara Timur - 817 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) citrophthora (R. E. Sm. & E. H. Buxus, Castanea sativa ground), Africa: Algeria, Angola, Sm.) Sarej., 1936, Pythiacystis (chesnut), Chamaecyparis trunks, DR Congo, Egypt, citrophthora R. E. Sm. & E. H. lawsonia (Port oxford cedar), branches), Ethiopia, Ivory Coast, Sm., 1906); Citrullus lanatus (semangka, biji (true Kenya, Mauritius, Oomycota, Peronosporea, watermelon), Citrus spp., seeds, Morocco, Mozambique, Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae; Citrus clementina, Citrus grains), buah Senegal, South Africa, brown rot of Citrus fruit, foot rot of limetta (sweet lemon tree), (fruits), daun Tunisia, Zambia, citrus, cocoa black pod, stem Citrus limon (lemon), Citrus (leaves), Zimbabwe necrosis, canker, seedling blight maxima (pummelo), Citrus media tanam America: Argentina, reticulata (Mandarin), Citrus (growing Barbados, Brazil, Chile, sinensis (nevel orange), Cocos media Costa Rica, Cuba, nucifera (kelapa, coconut), associated Dominican Republic, Coptis japonica, Diospyros with plants), Ecuador, El Salvador, kaki (kesemek, persimmon), polong French Guiana, Euonymus spp., Fagus spp., (pods), tunas Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Ficus elastica, Fortunella (shoots) Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, japonica (round kumquat), Martinique, Mexico, Fragaria spp., Fragaria Panama, Peru, Puerto ananasa (stroberi, Rico, Suriname, Trinidad strawberry), Fragaria regia and Tobago, USA, (walnut), Hevea brasiliensis Uruguay, Venezuela (karet, rubber), Juglans spp., Asia: Bangladesh, China, Juglans regia (walnut), Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Lavandula angustifolia Israel, Japan, Jordan, - 818 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) (lavender), Ligustrum vulgare, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mandevilla spp., Murraya sp., Lebanon, Malaysia, Nothofagus obliqua (roble), Pakistan, Philippines, Pandorea jasminoides, Republic of Korea (South Pelargonium graveolens (rose Korea), Taiwan, geranium), Picea abies Tajikistan, Thailand, (common spruse), Piper Turkey, Turkmenistan, nigrum (lada, pepper), Pistacia Uzbekistan, Vietnam, vera (pistachio), Poncirus Yemen trifoliate, Prunus armeniaca Europe: Armenia, (aprikot, apricot), Prunus Azerbaijan, Belarus, avium (ceri manis, sweet Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech cherry), Prunus domestica Republic, Estonia, (prem, plum), Prunus dulcis France, Greece, Hungary, (almon, badam, almond), Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Rhododendron spp., Ribes Moldova, Poland, sanguineum, Ribes lobbii (lobs Portugal, Russian goosberry), Ribes sanguineum Federation, Slovenia, (flowering currant), Spain, Switzerland, Rosmarinus officinalis Ukraine, United Kingdom (rosemary), Rubus idaeus, Oceania: Australia, Cook Sandoricum koetjape (kecapi, Islands, Fiji, New kecaphi), Sciadopitys Caledonia, New Zealand verticillata, Sequoiadendron - 819 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) giganteum, Sesamum indicum (wijen, sesame), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Syringa vulgaris (lilac), Tabernae coronaria, Taxus spp., Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Vaccinium (bluberries) 23. [s]: Pleospora allii (Rabenh.) Ces. & I Allium cepa (bawang bombay, biji (true Indonesia: Jawa, Nusa De Not., 1863; onion), Allium cepa var. seeds), buah Tenggara Barat (Lombok) (Syn. Cryptosphaeria herbarum aggregatum (bawang merah, (fruits), daun Africa: Egypt, Senegal, (Pers.) Grev., 1824, Pleospora shallot), Allium porrum (leaves), South Africa albicans Fuckel, 1870, Pleospora (bawang prei, leek), Allium polong (pods) America: Argentina, alfalfae E. G. Simmons, 1986, sativum (bawang putih, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Pleospora allii (Rabenh.) Ces. & garlic), Asparagus officinalis Jamaica, USA, Venezuela De Not., 1863, Pleospora asparagi (asparagus), Aster, Glycine Asia: China, India, Iran, Rabenh. ex Sacc., 1883, max (kedelai, soyabean), Iraq, Israel, Japan, Pleospora asparagi Rabenh., Helianthus anuus (bunga Malaysia, Republic of 1858, Pleospora cheiranthi Cocc. matahari, sunflower), Korea (South Korea), & Morini, 1883, Pleospora Mangifera indica (mangga, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, denotata (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc., mango), Medicago sativa Taiwan, United Arab 1883, Pleospora euonymi Fuckel, (alfalfa, lucerne), Medicago Emirates 1870, Pleospora euonymi f. tribuloides (barrel medic), Europe: Belgium, caulicola Grove, 1933, Pleospora Pyrus communis (pir, Cyprus, France, euonymi var. euonymi Fuckel, European pear), Raphanus Germany, Greece, Italy, - 820 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) 1870, Pleospora euonymi f. sativus (lobak, radish), Netherlands, Portugal, euonymi Fuckel, 1870, Pleospora Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, euonymi f. ramealis Feltgen, tomato) Switzerland, United 1905, Pleospora excavata var. Kingdom basitricha (Durieu & Mont.) Sacc., Oceania: Australia, New 1883, Pleospora frangulae Fuckel, Zealand, Tonga, Vanuatu 1870, Pleospora gymnocladi Bagnis, 1877, Pleospora herbarum (Pers.) Rabenh. ex Ces. & De Not., 1863, Pleospora herbarum (Pers.) Rabenh., 1854, Pleospora herbarum f. amaryllidis Scalia, 1900, Pleospora herbarum var. asperulina Bubák, 1914, Pleospora herbarum var. brassicae Sacc., 1890, Pleospora herbarum f. buphthalmi Scalia, 1900, Pleospora herbarum f. camelliae Speg., 1899, Pleospora herbarum f. centranthi-rubri Scalia, 1900, Pleospora herbarum var. cheiranthi (Cocc. & Morini) Sacc. & Traverso, 1911, Pleospora herbarum f. cheiranthi-cheiri - 821 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Scalia, 1900, Pleospora herbarum f. chimonanthi Scalia, 1901, Pleospora herbarum var. cichorii Cooke, Pleospora herbarum f. citrorum Sacc., 1882, Pleospora herbarum var. cleomes Bubák, 1914, Pleospora herbarum var. coluteicola Henn., 1905, Pleospora herbarum var. coronillae Gonz. Frag., 1917, Pleospora herbarum var. coryphae Cavara & Mollica, 1906, Pleospora herbarum f. crini Scalia, 1901, Pleospora herbarum f. dahliae Scalia, 1900, Pleospora herbarum f. daturae Scalia, 1900, Pleospora herbarum f. eriobotryae Scalia, 1901, Pleospora herbarum f. euonymi Scalia, 1901, Pleospora herbarum var. euphrasiae (Rabenh.) Sacc., 1882, Pleospora herbarum f. ferulae Scalia, 1900, Pleospora herbarum f. florentina Cif., 1923, Pleospora herbarum f. foliicola Rehm, 1873, Pleospora - 822 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) herbarum var. galii Lambotte, 1891, Pleospora herbarum var. genistae-ibericae Gonz. Frag., 1917, Pleospora herbarum var. glumarum Berk. & Broome, Pleospora herbarum var. halimodendri Gonz. Frag., 1917, Pleospora herbarum var. herbarum (Pers.) Rabenh., 1863, Pleospora herbarum f. herbarum (Pers.) Rabenh., 1863, Pleospora herbarum var. ilicis M. Bechet & N. Coman, 1963, Pleospora herbarum var. iridia Cooke, Pleospora herbarum f. lactucum Padhi & Snyder, 1954, Pleospora herbarum f. lilii-martagonis Scalia, 1901, Pleospora herbarum f. liriodendri Berl., 1888, Pleospora herbarum var. liriodendri Berl., 1888, Pleospora herbarum var. lolii (P. Karst. & Har.) Mussat, 1901, Pleospora herbarum f. lonicerae Scalia, - 823 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) 1901, Pleospora herbarum f. magnoliae Scalia, 1901, Pleospora herbarum f. mahoniae Scalia, 1901, Pleospora herbarum var. marrubii Berl., 1888, Pleospora herbarum f. marrubii Berl., 1888, Pleospora herbarum f. microspora Sacc., 1883, Pleospora herbarum f. minor Niessl, 1876, Pleospora herbarum var. minuscula Berl., 1888, Pleospora herbarum f. nepetae Gonz. Frag., 1914, Pleospora herbarum var. occidentalis Wehm., 1946, Pleospora herbarum var. ostryae Berl., 1888, Pleospora herbarum f. phaseoli Scalia, 1900, Pleospora herbarum var. pisi (Sowerby) Cooke, Pleospora herbarum var. psoraleae Berl., 1888, Pleospora herbarum f. psoraleae Berl., 1888, Pleospora herbarum f. resedae Rehm, 1881, Pleospora herbarum f. robusta Niessl, 1876, Pleospora - 824 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) herbarum f. rubiae Scalia, 1901, Pleospora herbarum var. rutae Henn., 1903, Pleospora herbarum f. rutae Scalia, 1901, Pleospora herbarum f. scillae Scalia, 1900, Pleospora herbarum f. scrophulariae Scalia, 1900, Pleospora herbarum var. silenicola Speg., 1898, Pleospora herbarum f. siliquaria J. Kunze, 1876, Pleospora herbarum f. smilacis Scalia, 1900, Pleospora herbarum f. solidaginis Gonz. Frag., 1914, Pleospora herbarum var. spinicola Feltgen, 1903, Pleospora herbarum var. symphoricarpi Pass., 1890, Pleospora herbarum var. triglochinis Dearn. & House, 1925, Pleospora herbarum f. viburni Scalia, 1901, Pleospora labiatarum Cooke & Harkn., 1880, Pleospora leguminum (Wallr.) Rabenh., 1858, Pleospora - 825 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) lolii P. Karst. & Har., 1890, Pleospora mali Hesler, 1927, Pleospora meliloti Rabenh., 1883, Pleospora meliloti f. achilleae Feltgen, 1903, Pleospora meliloti var. medicaginis Cooke & Massee, 1889, Pleospora meliloti var. meliloti Rabenh., 1883, Pleospora meliloti f. meliloti Rabenh., 1883, Pleospora pisi (Sowerby) Fuckel, 1870, Pleospora pomorum A. S. Horne, 1920, Pleospora putrefaciens A. B. Frank, 1896, Pleospora salsolae Fuckel, 1864, Pleospora salsolae var. basitricha (Durieu & Mont.) Berl., 1888, Pleospora salsolae var. salsolae Fuckel, 1864, Pleospora salsolae f. salsolae Fuckel, 1864, Pleospora salsolae var. salsolae- peruvianae Speg., 1883, Pleospora salsolae f. schoberiae Sacc., 1880, Pleospora samarae Fuckel, 1870, Pleospora sedicola E. G. - 826 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Simmons, 2001, Pleospora tomatonis E. G. Simmons, 2001, Pleospora typhae Pass. ex Brunaud, 1889, Sphaeria allii Rabenh., 1846, Sphaeria asparagi (Rabenh. ex Sacc.) Plowr., Sphaeria brassicae Lasch, 1857, Sphaeria denotata Cooke & Ellis, 1877, Sphaeria excavata var. basitricha Durieu & Mont., 1848, Sphaeria herbarum Pers., 1801, Sphaeria herbarum f. euphrasiae Rabenh., 1860, Sphaeria leguminum Wallr., 1833, Sphaeria pisi Sowerby, 1803, Sphaeria samarae (Fuckel) Plowr.); [a]: Stemphylium vesicarium (Wallr.) E.G. Simmons, 1969; (Syn. Alternaria putrefaciens (Fuckel) E. G. Simmons, 1995, Ampulina herbarum (Pers.) Quél., 1875, Clasterosporium putresfaciens (Fuckel) Sacc., 1886, Clasterosporium - 827 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) putresfaciens var. crucipes Speschnew, 1901, Clasterosporium putresfaciens var. putresfaciens (Fuckel) Sacc., 1886, Delacourea samarae (Fuckel) Cooke, Exormatostoma herbarum (Pers.) Gray, 1821, Helminthosporium vesicarium Wallr., 1833, Macrospproim cheiranthi var. echinellum (Berk. & M. A. Curtis), 1875, Macrosporium commune Rabenh, 1870, Macrosporium commune var. arachidis Sacc., 1975, Macrosporium commune f. arachidis Sacc., 1975, Macrosporium commune f. brassicae Brunaud, 1897, Macrosporium commune f. calotropidis Trotter, 1916, Macrosporium commune f. calotropidis Trotter, 1912, Macrosporium commune f. campanulae D. Sacc., 1901, - 828 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Macrosporium commune var. commune Rabenh, 1870, Macrosporium commune f. commune Rabenh, 1870, Macrosporium commune var. echinellum (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Sacc., 1886, Macrosporium commune f. heraclei Brunaud, 1897, Macrosporium commune f. lactucae-scarilolae Kabát & Bubák, 1906, Macrosporium commune f. leguminum Roum., 1985, Macrosporium commune f. musae Berl. & Roum., 1887, Macrosporium commune f. pisi Gonz. Frag., 1919, Macrosporium commune f. ricinis-communis Berl. & Roum., 1887, Macrosporium commune f. syringae Roum., 1885, Macrosporium commune var. theicola Speschnew, 1904, Macrosporium echinellum Berk. & M. A. Curtis, 1867, Macrosporium parasiticum Thüm, 1877, - 829 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Macrosporium sarcinula Berk., 1838, Macrosporium vesicarium (Wallr.) Sacc., 1886, Sporidesmium putrefaciens Fuckel, 1870, Stemphylium alfalfae E. G. Simmons, 1986, Stemphylium brassicicola Y. F. Pei & X. G. Zhang, 2010 , Stemphylium commune (Rabenh.) N. F. Buchw., 1939, Stemphylium cremanthodii Y. F. Pei & X. G. Zhang, 2009, Stemphylium herbarum E. G. Simmons, 1986, Stemphylium mali Yong Wang bis & X. G. Zhang, 2009, Stemphylium parasiticum (Thüm.) J. A. Elliott, 1924, Stemphylium sedicola E. G. Simmons, 2001, Stemphylium tomatonis E. G. Simmons, 2001); Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes, Pleosporales, Pleosporaceae; onion leaf blight; garlic leaf blight; - 830 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) purple spot of asparagus; brown spot of pear; garlic leaf spot; onion leaf spot; asparagus leaf spot; Stemphylium blight of onion; leaf blight: onion; purple spot: Asparagus spp. 24. [s]: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de I Abelmoschus esculentus akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa Bary, 1884; (bendi, okra), Acroptilon batang Barat, Jawa Tengah) (Syn. Helotium sclerotiorum (Lib.) repens (Russian knapweed), (stems (above Africa: Algeria, Congo, Fuckel, 1866, Hymenoscyphus Actinidia chinensis (kiwi, ground), DR Congo, Egypt, sclerotiorum (Lib.) W. Phillips, Chinese gooseberry), Actinidia trunks, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, 1887, Sclerotinia deliciosa (kiwifruit), Alcea branches), Malawi, Mauritius, libertiana Fuckel, 1870, rosea (Hollyhock), Allium cepa biji (true Morocco, Nigeria, Saint Sclerotinia opuntiarum Speg., (bawang bombay, onion), seeds, Helena, South Africa, 1899, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum f. Allium sativum (bawang putih, grains), buah Tanzania, Zimbabwe orobanches Naras. & Thirum., garlic), Anemone coronaria (fruits), America: Argentina, 1954, Sclerotinia (poppy anemone), Anethum bunga Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, sclerotiorum f. sclerotiorum (Lib.) graveolens (adas, dill), (flowers, Canada, Chile, Colombia, de Bary, 1884, Sclerotinia Angelica archangelica inflorescence Costa Rica, Cuba, sclerotiorum var. opuntiarum (Speg (Angelica), Antirrhinum majus s, cones, Ecuador, El Salvador, .) Alippi, 1960, Sclerotinia (bunga mulut singa, calyx), daun Guatemala, Mexico, sclerotiorum var. snapdragon), Apium (leaves), Nicaragua, Panama, sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, 1884, graveolens (seledri, celery), tanaman, Peru, Uruguay, USA, Whetzelinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) Apium graveolens var. polong Venezuela - 831 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Korf & Dumont, 1972); Rapaceum (celeriac), Aquilegia (pods), tunas Asia: Bangladesh, China, [a]: Sclerotium varium Pers., 1801; (Columbines), Aquilegia (shoots), Gaza, Georgia, India, (Syn. Peziza coemansii J.J. Kickx, flabellata, Arabidobsis umbi (bulbs, Iran, Israel, Japan, Peziza sclerotiorum Lib., 1837, thaliana, Arachis hypogaea tubers, Jordan, Lebanon, Nepal, Phialea sclerotiorum (Lib.) Gillet, (kacang tanah, groundnut), corms, Pakistan, Republic of 1881); Arctium lappa (burdock), rhizomes) Korea (South Korea), Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Argyranthemum frutescens Singapore, Sri Lanka, Leotiomycetes, Helotiales, (marguerite daisy), Asclepias Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Sclerotiniaceae; (Silkweed), Asparagus Thailand, Turkey, cottony soft rot, white rot, Sclerotinia officinalis (asparagus), Aster Uzbekistan, Vietnam wilt, Sclerotinia head rot, Sclerotinia ericoides (Heath aster), Europe: Albania, Austria, blossom blight, Sclerotinia drop Astragalus sinicus (chinese Azerbaijan, Belarus, Sclerotinia soft rot, Sclerotinia stalk clover), Begonia tuberhybrida, Belgium, Bosnia rot, Sclerotinia stem rot, collar rot, Bellis perennis (common andHerzegovina, Sclerotinia pod rot, Sclerotinia daisy), Berberis (barberries), Bulgaria, Croatia, canker, Sclerotinia twig blight, watery Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera Cyprus, Czech Republic, pod rot, white mould, sclerotinia (bit gula, sugar beet), Borago Denmark, Estonia, disease officinalis (Borage), Brassica, Finland, France, Brassica carinata (African Germany, Greece, cabbage), Brassica oleracea Hungary, Iceland, (cabbages, cauliflowers), Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Lithuania, Macedonia, (cauliflower), Brassica Malta, Moldova, oleracea var. capitata Montenegro, Netherlands, - 832 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) (cabbage), Brassica oleracea Norway, Poland, Portugal, var. gemmifera (Brussels Romania, Russian sprouts), Brassica oleracea Federation, Serbia, var. gongylodes (kohlrabi), Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Brassica oleracea var. italica Switzerland, Ukraine, (brokoli, broccoli), Brassica United Kingdom oleracea var. viridis (collards), Oceania: American Brassica napus var. napus Samoa, Australia, Fiji, (rape), Brassica rapa subsp. New Zealand, Samoa chinensis (Chinese cabbage), Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis, Brassica rapa subsp. rapa (turnip), Brassicaceae (cruciferous crops), Camellia, Camelina sativa, Campanula (campanulas), Cannabis sativa (hemp), Capsicum annuum (bell pepper), Capsicum frutescens (cabai rawit, chilli), Carduus (thistle), Carthamus tinctorius (kesumba, safflower), Carum carvi (jintan putih, caraway), - 833 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle), Centaurea (Knapweed), Chenopodium album (fat hen), Chrysanthemum (krisan, daisy), Cicer arietinum (kacang Arab, chickpea), Cichorium (chicory), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Citrus, Citrus aurantiifolia (lemon, lime), Citrus aurantium (sour orange), Citrus limonia (mandarin lime), Citrus maxima (jeruk Bali, pummelo), Citrus medica (jeruk sukade, citron), Citrus reticulata (Jeruk Mandarin, mandarin), Citrus sinensis (jeruk, navel orange), Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit), Corchorus olitorius (yute, jute), Coriandrum sativum (ketumbar, coriander), Cosmos bipinnatus (garden - 834 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) cosmos), Crotalaria spectabilis (showy rattlepod), Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita maxima (kabocha, giant pumpkin), Cucurbita moschata (labu, pumpkin), Cucurbita pepo (labu kuning, zukini, zucchini), Cullen corylifolium (black-dot), Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (globe artichoke), Cynoglossum officinale (hound's tongue), Datura stramonium (jimsonweed), Daucus carota (wortel,carrot), Dianthus caryophyllus (anyelir, carnation), Echinacea purpurea (purple coneflower), Echium vulgare, Euphorbia pulcherrima (kastuba, poinsettia), Eustoma grandiflorum (Lisianthus (cut - 835 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) flower crop)), Felicia amelloides, Foeniculum vulgare (adas, fennel), Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, strawberry), Gaillardia x grandiflora, Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium (cotton), Guizotia abyssinica (niger), Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke), Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf), Hibiscus trionum (Venice mallow), Humulus (hop), Iberis sempervirens (edging candytuft), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Iris (irises), Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean), Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd), Lantana camara (lantana), Lavandula stoechas, - 836 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris (lentil), Lilium (lili, lily), Lupinus (lupins), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Malvaviscus arboreus var. drumondii, Marrubium (horehound), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Melilotus (melilots), Mentha piperita (daunt mint, peppermint), Mentha spicata (Spear mint), Morus (murbei, mulberrytree), Musa (pisang, banana), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Ocimum, Ocimum basilicum (basil), Osteospermum, Panax ginseng (Asiatic ginseng), Papaver somniferum (Opium poppy), Pastinaca sativa (parsnip), Pelargonium (pelargoniums), Persea americana (alpukat, avocado), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), - 837 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Petunia, Phaseolus (beans), Phaseolus coccineus (runner bean), Phaseolus lunatus (kacang kratok, lima bean), Phaseolus radiata (kacang hijau), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Phlox, Pistacia vera (pistachio), Pisum sativum (kapri, pea), Prunus (stone fruit), Prunus avium (ceri manis, sweet cherry), Prunus dulcis (almon, badam, almond), Prunus persica (peach), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Ranunculus asiaticus (garden crowfoot), Ranunculus repens (creeping buttercup), Rhaponticum repens (Russian knapweed), Rheum hybridum (rhubarb), Ricinus communis (jarak kepyar, castor bean), Rosa (roses), Rosmarinus officinalis - 838 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) (rosmarin, rosemary), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Sesamum indicum (sesame), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sonchus asper, Spinacia oleracea (bayam, spinach), Stevia rebaudiana, Tagetes erecta (African marigold), Thymus citriodorus, Trachyspermum ammi, Trifolium (clovers), Tulipa (tulip), Vaccinium corymbosum (blueberry), Vaccinium virgatum, Vicia faba (broad bean), Vigna angularis (kacang azuki, adzuki bean), Vigna mungo (kacang mungo, black gram), Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, mung bean), Viola (violet), Xanthium cavanellesii, - 839 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Xerochrysum bracteatum, Zinnia 25. [c ]: Spongospora subterrana (Wallr.) I Capsicum annuum (paprika, akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa Lagerh., 1892; bell pepper), Datura bonggol, Africa: Algeria, Burundi, (Syn. Erysibe subterranean stramonium (jimsonweed), media tanam Egypt, Kenya, Wallr., 1892, Sporosorium scabies Nicandra physalodes (apple of (tanah) Madagascar, Mauritius, (Berk.) A. A. Fiscj. Waldh., 1877, Peru), Nicotiana rustica (wild (growing Morocco, Mozambique, Spongospora scabies (Berk.) tobacco), Physalis peruviana media Rwanda, South Africa, Massee, 1908, Tuburcinia scabies (Cape gooseberry), Solanum associated Tanzania, Tunisia, Berk., 1846); Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, with plants Zimbabwe Chromista, Cercozoa, Phytomyxea, tomato), Solanum marginatum (soil)), umbi America: Argentina, Plasmodiophorida, (white-edged nightshade), (bulbs, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Plasmodiophoridae; Solanum nigrum (leunca, black tubers, Chile, Colombia, Costa slimy rot,powdery scab, corky scab, nightshade), Solanum corms, Rica, Ecuador, Falkland corky scab: potato, powdery scab of tuberosum (kentang, potato), rhizomes) Islands, Mexico, Panama, potato, powdery scab: potato, tomato Tussilago farfara (Colt's-foot), Peru, USA, Hawaii, powdery scab Ullucus tuberosus (Ulluco) sebagai Uruguay, Venezuela vektor: Potato Asia: China, India, Iran, mop-top Israel, Japan, pomovirus Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Turkey Europe: Austria, - 840 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 26. [sm]: Sporisorium scitamineum (Syd.) I Saccharum officinarum (tebu, batang Indonesia: Jawa, M. Piepenbr., M. Stoll & Oberw., sugarcane) (stems), Sulawesi (Sulawesi 2002; bunga Selatan) (Syn. Sphacelotheca (flowers, Africa: Burkina Faso, miscanthi W.Y. Yen, 1937, inflorescence Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Sporisorium mischanti (W.Y. Yen) s, cones, DR Congo, Egypt, L. Guo, 1990, Ustilago calyx), daun Ethiopia, Ghana, Ivory - 841 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) amadelpha Syd., P. Syd. & E.J. (leaves), Coast, Kenya, Butler, 1912, Ustilago tunas Madagascar, Malawi, amadelpha (shoots) Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, var. amadelpha Syd., P. Syd. & Mozambique, Niger, E.J. Butler, 1912), Ustilago Nigeria, Réunion, scitaminea Syd., 1924, Ustilago Senegal, Somalia, South scitaminea var. sacchari-barberi Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Mundk., 1940, Ustilago Tanzania, Uganda, scitaminea var. sacchari- Zambia, Zimbabwe officinarum Mundk., 1940, America: Argentina, Ustilago scitaminea var. Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, scitaminea Syd., 1924); Brazil, Colombia, Costa [a]: - Rica, Cuba, Dominican Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycotina, Republic, El Salvador, Ustilaginomycetes, Ustilaginales, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Ustilaginaceae; Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, sugarcane pecut api, sugarcane smut Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Hawaii, Uruguay, Venezuela - 842 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Georgia, India, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Vietnam Europe: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Portugal, Ukraine, Russian Federation Oceania: Australia, Fiji 27. [s]: - II Imperata cylindrica (cogon daun (leaves) Indonesia: Jawa, [a]: Stagonospora sacchari T.T. Lo & grass), Miscanthus japonica, Sumatera (Lampung) L. Ling, 1950; Miscanthus sinensis (eulalia), Africa: South Africa Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Rottboellia cochinchinensis America: Argentina, Dothideomycetes, Pleosporales, (itch grass), Saccharum Panama, Venezuela Phaeosphaeriaceae; officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Asia: China, India, - 843 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) gosong daun tebu (sugarcane scorch), Saccharum spontaneum (wild Japan, Philippines, leaf scorch sugarcane) Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam Oceania: Papua New Guinea 28. [r]: tepperianum (Sacc.) I (akasia, Port batang Indonesia: Bali, Jawa McAlpine, 1906; jackson wattle), Albizia (stems), bibit (Jawa Barat, Jawa (Syn. Coeomurus falcataria (sengon, silk tree) (seedlings) Tengah, Jawa Timur), tepperianus (Sacc.) Kuntze, 1898, Maluku, Sulawesi, Uromyces tepperianus Sacc., Sumatera (Bengkulu), 1889); Nusa Tenggara Barat Basidiomycota,Pucciniomycotina, (Lombok) Pucciniomycetes, Pucciniales, Africa: South Africa ; Asia: Filipina, Malaysia rust, gall rust Oceania: Australia, Papua New Guinea

- 844 -

7. BAKTERI (BACTERIA)

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) 1. Acidovorax citrulli (Schaad et al. 1978) I Cucurbita maxima (waluh, biji (true Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa Schaad et al. 2009; labu parang, pumpkin), seed), daun Tengah, Jawa Timur, (Syn. Acidovorax avenae subsp. Cucurbita moschata (leaves), buah DIY) citrulli (Schaad et al. 1978) Willems et (pumpkin), Cucurbita pepo (fruits), America: Brazil Canada, al. 1992, Pseudomonas avenae subsp. (labu kuning, zukini, batang Costa Rica, Nicaragua, citrulli (Schaad et al. 1978) Hu et al. zucchini), Cucumis melo (stems), bibit Trinidad and Tobago, 1991, Pseudomonas (melon), Cucumis sativus (seedlings) USA pseudoalcaligenes subsp. citrulli (mentimun, cucumber), Asia: China, Iran, Israel, Schaad et al. 1978); Citrullus vulgaris (semangka, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan, busuk buah, bacterial fruit blotch, watermelon), Piper betle (sirih, Thailand, Turkey fruit rot betel) Europe: Greece, Hungary, Italy Oceania: Australia, Guam, Northern Mariana Island 2. Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. I Capsicum annuum (paprika, akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (DIY), michiganensis (Smith 1910) Davis et cabai, bell-pepper, red batang Kalimantan (Kalimantan al. 1984; pepper), Capsicum frutescens (stems), Timur, Kalimantan (Syn. Aplanobacter michiganensis (cabai rawit, hot pepper, bunga Utara), Sumatera (Smith) Smith 1914), Bacterium chilies), Solanum lycopersicum (inflorescence (Sumatera Barat, michiganense Smith 1910, (tomat, tomato), Solanum s), Sumatera Selatan) - 845 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Corynebacterium michiganense melongena (terung, eggplant, buah(fruits), Africa: Egypt, Kenya, (Smith 1910) Jensen 1934, aubergine), Solanum biji (true Madagascar, Morocco, Corynebacterium michiganense pv. mammosum, Solanum seed), daun South Africa, Tanzania, michiganense (Smith) Dye and Kemp Dauglasii (greenspot (leaves), Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, 1977, Corynebacterium michiganense nightshade), Solanum Nigrum media tanam Zambia, Zimbabwe subsp. michiganense (Smith) Carlson (lenca, ranti, black (growing America: Argentina, and Vivader 1982, Erwinia nightshade), Solanum Triforum media) Belize, Brazil, Canada, michiganensis (Smith) Jensen 1934, (cutleaf nightshade) Chile, Colombia, Costa Mycobacterium michiganense (Smith) Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Krasil’nikov 1941, Phytomonas Dominican Republic, michiganensis (Smith) Bergey et al. Ecuador, Grenada, 1923, Pseudomonas michiganense Guadeloupe, Mexico, (Smith) Stevens 1913, Pseudomonas Panama, Peru, USA, michiganensis (Smith) Stevens); Uruguay bacterial canker of tomato, bird’s eye Asia: China, Georgia, spot, vascular tomato wilt, bacterial India, Iran, Israel, Japan, wilt Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Republic of Korea (South Korea), Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan Europe: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, - 846 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerlands, Ukraine Oceania: Australia, Fiji, Guam, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Tonga 3. Dickeya zeae Samson et al. 2005; I Allium spp. (bawang- benih (true Indonesia: Kalimantan (Syn. Bacterium carotovorum f.sp. bawangan), Ananas comosus seed), bahan (Kalimantan Barat), zeae Sabet 1954, Erwinia carotovora (nanas, pineapple), Brachiaria perbanyakan Sulawesi (Sulawesi f.sp. zeae Sabet 1954, Erwinia sp, Chrysanthemum sp. vegetatif Barat), Sumatera chrysanthemi corn pathotype Dye (krisan, chrysanthemum), (vegetative (Lampung) 1969, Erwinia chrysanthemy biovar. Musa sp. (pisang, banana), propagation Africa: Comoros, Egypt, 8, Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. zeae Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, material), Mauritius, Réunion, (Sabet 1954) Victoria et al.1975, tobacco), Oryza sativa (padi, umbi (bulbs, South Africa, Sudan, - 847 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Erwinia maydis Kelman et al. 1957, paddy, rice), Phalaenopsis sp. corms, Zimbabwe Pectobacterium carotovorum f.sp zeae (anggrek bulan, moth orchid), tubers), America: Brazil, (Sabet) Dowson 1957, Pectobacterium Solanum tuberosum (kentang, batang Colombia, Costa Rica, carotovorum var. graminarum Dowson potato), Zea mays (jagung, (stems), daun Cuba, Guyana, and Hayward 1960, Pectobacterium corn, maize) (leaves), Honduras, Jamaica, chrysanthemi pv. zeae Kelman 1974); media tanam Mexico, Panama, Puerto bacterial stalk rot of maize, bacterial (growing Rico, USA wilt and soft rot of pineapple, stalk media), tanah Asia: China, DPR Korea rot of maize (soils) (North Korea), India, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Republic of Korea (South Korea), Taiwan Europe: France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Russian Federation, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom Oceania: Australia, Cook Islands, New Zealand 4. Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (Davis et al. I Brachiaria spp., Chloris akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa, NTT 1984) Evtushenko et al.2000); gayana, Cynodon dactylon batang (Sumba) (Syn. Clavibacter xyli Davis et al. (rumput bermuda, bermuda (stems), bibit Africa: Burkina Faso, - 848 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) 1984), Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli grass), Echinochloa colonum, (seedlings), Cameroon, Comoros, Davis et al. 1984); Imperata cylindrica (alang- bunga Egypt, Ethiopia, Djibouti, ratoon stunting of sugarcane, alang, cogon grass), Panicum (inflorescence DR Congo, Ivory Coast, sugarcane ratoon stunting disease maximum (rumput Benggala, s), mata Kenya, Madagascar, Guinea grass), Pennisetum tunas (buds), Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, purpureum (rumput gajah, stek Mozambique, Nigeria, elephant grass), (cuttings) Réunion, Seychelles, Rhynchelytrum repens, Somalia, South Africa, Saccharum, Saccharum Sudan, Swaziland, officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Tanzania, Uganda, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Zimbabwe sorghum), Zea mays (jagung, America: Antigua and corn, maize) Barbuda, Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Hawaii, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, USA, Venezuela - 849 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand Europe: Spain Oceania: Australia, Fiji 5. Pantoea ananatis (Serrano, 1928), I Allium cepa (bawang bombay, tunas (buds, Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa Mergaert, 1993; onion), Allium fistulosum shoots), buah Tengah), Sulawesi (Syn. Bacillus ananas Serrano 1928, (bawang daun, welsh onion), (fruits), biji (Sulawesi Barat, Sulawesi Bacterium ananas (Serrano) Burgvits Ananas comosus (nanas, (true seed), Selatan), Sumatera 1935, Chromobacterium ananas pineapple), Arachis hypogaea batang (Barat) (Serrano) Krasil’nikov 1949, Erwinia (kacang tanah, peanut), (stems), umbi Africa: Benin, Morocco, ananatis pv. uredovora (Pon et al. Cucumis melo (melon, (bulb, corm, Nigeria, South Africa, 1954) Dye 1978, Erwinia ananatis muskmelon), Eucalyptus tuber), daun Togo, Zimbabwe Corrig. Serrano 1928, Erwinia grandis (ekaliptus, saligna (leaves), America: Argentina, herbicola var. ananas (Serrano) Dye gum), Eucalyptus nitens tanaman Brazil, Guatemala, 1969, Erwinia urediniolytica Borders (shining gum), Gossypium hasil Guyana, Haiti, Mexico, 1938, Erwinia uredovora Pon et al. hirsutum (kapas, cotton), mikropropag Puerto Rico, USA, 1954, Pantoea ananas pv. ananas Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, asi (planlet) Venezuela (Serrano 1928) Mergaert et al. 1993, rice), Prunus persica (persik, (micropropag Asia: Cambodia, China, Pantoea ananas pv. uredovora (Pon et peach), Saccharum officinarum ated plants), India, Japan, Malaysia, al. 1954) comb.nov., Pantoea (tebu, sugarcane), Solanum Philippines, Republic of ananatis pv. ananatis (Serrano, 1928) lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Korea (South Korea), - 850 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Mergaert et al. 1993, Pantoea Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Taiwan ananatis pv. uredovora (Pon et al., sorghum), Zea mays (jagung, Europe: Italy, Poland, 1954) Mergaert et al. 1993, corn, maize) Russia Pectobacterium ananas (Serrano) Oceania: Australia Patel and Kulkarni 1951, Pectobacterium ananatis pv. ananatis, Xanthomonas uredovora); andandandand fruitlet rot of pineapple, brown rot of pineapple, marbling disease (of pineapple fruit), pink disease of pineapple 6. Pantoea stewartii (Smith 1898) I Agrostis alba, Agrostis akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa, Nusa Mergaert et al. 1993; gigantea (black bent), batang Tenggara Barat (Lombok), (Syn. Aplanobacter stewartii (Smith) Artocarpus heterophyllus (stems), biji Sulawesi, Sumatera McCulloch 1918, Bacillus stewartii (nangka, jack fruit), Avena (true seed), Africa: Benin, Togo (Smith) Holland 1920, Bacterium sativa (haver, oat), Coix bunga America: Argentina, stewartii (Smith 1898) Smith 1905, lacryma-jobi, Echinochloa (inflorescence Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Erwinia stewartii (Smith 1898) Dye americana, Cucumis sativus s), daun Costa Rica, Guyana, 1963, Pantoea stewartii subsp. (mentimun, cucumber), (leaves) Mexico, Paraguay, stewartii (Smith 1898) Mergaert et al. Dracaena sanderiana, Vektor: Puerto Rico, Peru, 1993, Phytomonas stewartii (Smith) Panicum spp., Poaceae Chaetocnema Trinidad and Tobago, Bergey et al. 1923, Pseudobacterium (Gramineae), Saccharum pulicaria, USA Asia: China, India, stewartii (Smith) Krasilnikov 1949, officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Agrotis Malaysia, Republic of - 851 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Pseudomonas stewartii Smith 1898, Setaria pumila, Sorghum manchus, Korea (South Korea), Xanthomonas stewartii (Smith) bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Chaetocnema Thailand, Dowson 1939); Trapsacum spp., Triticum denticulata, Europe: Italy, Slovenia, bacterial blight of maize, bacterial aestivum (gandum, wheat), Diabrotica Ukraine wilt of maize, maize bacteriosis, Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, nigricornis, D. Stewart's wilt mungbean), Zea mays undecimpucta (jagung, corn, maize), Zea ta, D. mays subsp. mays versifera, (sweetcorn), Zea mays subsp. Hylemya parviglumis, Zea mexicana cilicrura (teosinte), Zea perennis 7. Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle 1925) I Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, batang Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa Stapp. 1928; achra), Agaricus, Allium (stems), bibit Barat) (Syn. Bacterium cichorii (Swinge) sativum (bawang putih, (seedlings), Africa: Burundi, South Elliott 1930, Bacterium endiviae Kotte garlic), Arracacia xanthorrhiza biji (seeds), Africa, Tanzania 1930, Bacterium formosanum Okabe (arracacha), Apium graveolens daun (leaves), America: Argentina, 1935, Chlorobacter cichorii Swingle (seledri, celery), Barleria bunga Barbados, Brazil, 1925, Phytomonas endiviae Kotte) cristata (philippine violet), (inflorescence Canada, Chile, Cuba, Clara 1934, Pseudomonas endiviae Brassica napus var. napus s), organ Hawaii, Puerto Rico, USA Kotte 1930, Pseudomonas (rape), Brassica oleracea var. vegetatif Asia: China, India, Iran, formosanum (Okabe) Krasil’nikov botrytis (bunga kol, (vegetative Japan, Republic of Korea 1949, Pseudomonas papaveris cauliflower), Brassica oleracea material), (South Korea), Taiwan, (Takimoto) Okabe and Goto 1955); var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), tunas (buds, Turkey bacterial leaf blight, bacterial blight Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera shoots) Europe: France, - 852 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) of endive, bacterial leaf spot, midrib (turnip rape), Brassica rapa Germany, Greece, Italy, rot, leaf spot and blighting subsp. chinensis (Chinese North Macedonia, cabbage), Brassica rapa Portugal, Russian subsp. pekinensis (Pe-tsai), Federation, Spain, Calendula officinalis (Pot Ukraine, United Kingdom marigold), Camellia, Capsicum Oceania: Australia, New (peppers), Capsicum annuum Caledonia, New Zealand (paprika, cabai, bell pepper), Carthamus tinctorius (kesumba, safflower), Centaurea cyanus (cornflower), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Coffea arabica (arabica coffee), Cyclamen, Chrysanthemum (daisy), Chrysanthemum coronarium (garland chrysanthemum), Chrysanthemum morifolium (chrysanthemum (florists)), Chrysanthemum vestitum, Cichorium endivia (endives), Cichorium endivia subsp. endivia (endives), Cichorium - 853 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) endivia var. crispum (Winter endive), Cichorium intybus (chicory), Dahlia sp., Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Ficus lyrata (fiddle-leaf fig), Gerbera (Barbeton daisy), Gerbera jamesonii (African daisy), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Hibiscus rosa- sinensis (China-rose), Hedera helix (ivy), Helianthus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Hydrangea (hydrangeas), Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Magnolia grandiflora (Southern magnolia), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Mentha arvensis (corn mint), Monstera deliciosa (ceriman), Musa sp. (banana), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Ocimum basilicum (kemangi, basil), Panax ginseng (Asiatic ginseng), Papaver nudicaule - 854 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) (Iceland poppy), Papaver orientale (Oriental poppy), Pernettya mucronata (prickly heath), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Potentilla (Cinquefoil), Primula polyantha, Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyracantha (Firethorn), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Pelargonium (pelargoniums), Ranunculus acris (meadow buttercup), Rhododendron catawbiense, Scindapsus, Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant, aubergine), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Spathiphyllum, Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vigna angularis (adzuki bean), Viburnum, Xanthosoma brasiliens 8. Pseudomonas syringae pv. I Benincasa hispida (bligo, wax batang Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa lachrymans (Smith and Bryan) Young gourd), Cucumis sativus (stems), biji Barat, Jawa Tengah, - 855 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Dye and Wilkie et al. 1978; (mentimun, cucumber), (true seed), Banten), Sumatera (Syn. Bacillus lachrymans (Smith and Citrullus lanatus (semangka, bibit (Sumatera Selatan) Bryan) Holland 1920, Bacterium watermelon), Cucumis (seedlings), Africa: Algeria, Egypt, burgeri (Potebnya) Burgvits 1935, anguria, Cucumis melo (melon, buah (fruits), Gabon, Kenya, South Bacterium lachrimans Smith and muskmelon), Cucumis sativus daun (leaves), Africa, Zimbabwe Bryan 1915, Chlorobacter lachrymans (mentimun, cucumber), kulit (bark), America: Argentina, (Smith and Bryan) Patel and Kulkarni Cucurbita moschata planlet Brazil, Canada, 1951, Phytomonas lachrymans (Smith (pumpkin), Cucurbita pepo Colombia, Guadeloupe, and Bryan) Bergey et al. 1923, (labu kuning, zukini, Martinique, Mexico, Pseudomonas burger (Potebnya) zucchini), Cucurbitaceae, Luffa Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Korobko and Nikiforuk 1972, acutangula (gambas, angled USA, Venezuela Pseudomonas lachrymans (Smith and luffa), Sechium edule, Solanum Asia: China, DPR Korea Bryan) carsner 1918, Pseudomonas melongena (terung, eggplant, (North Korea), India, Iran, lachrymans f.sp.cucumis Gorlenco aubergine) Iraq, Israel, Japan, 1961); Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lao angular leaf spot of cucumber, PDR (Laos) Philippines, bacterial spot of cucurbit, curcubit Republic of Korea (South angular leaf spot Korea), Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan Europe: Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, - 856 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 9. Pseudomonas syringae pv. mori I Cannabis sativa (hemp), Morus batang Indonesia: Jawa (Boyer and Lambert 1893) Young et sp., Morus bombycis (Japanese (stems), biji Africa: South Africa, al. 1978; mulberry), Morus nigra (black (true seed), Tanzania, Uganda, (Syn. Bacillus mori (Boyer and mulberry), Morus rubra (red daun (leaves) Zimbabwe Lambert) Holland 1920, Bacterium mulberry tree), Morus alba America: Brazil, Canada, mori Boyer and Lambert 1893, (murbei, mulberry), Morus Caribbean, USA Chlorobacter mori (Boyer and (mulberry tree), Phaseolus Asia: China, DPR Korea Lambert) Patel and Kulkarni 1951, lunatus (lima bean) (North Korea), Georgia, Phytomonas mori (Boyer and Lambert) India, Iran, Japan, Stevens 1913, Pseudomonas mori pv. Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, huszi Klement, Lovrekovich and Pakistan, Republic of Hevesi 1960); Korea (South Korea), bacterial blight, mulberry blight Tajikistan, - 857 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) bacterial, mulberry leaf spot Turkmenistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan Europe: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Romania, Slovakia, United Kingdom, Ukraine Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 10. Pseudomonas viridiflava (Burkholder I Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi, akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa 1930) Dowson 1939; kiwifruit), Allium cepa (bawang batang Timur) (Syn. Bacterium viridiflavum bombay, onion), Anethum (stems), bibit Africa: Algeria, Egypt, (burkholder) Burgvits 1935, graveolens (dill), Apium (seedlings), Kenya, Morocco, Chlorobacter viridiflavus (Burkholder) graveolens (seledri, celery), biji (true Tanzania, Uganda Patel and Kulkarni 1951, Phytomonas Apium graveolens var. dulce seed), daun America: Argentina, viridiflava Burkholder 1930; (seledri, celery), Brassica spp., (leaves), buah Brazil, Uruguay, USA, bacterial blight of tomato; Hydrangea Capsicum annuum (paprika, (fruits), Venezuela bud blight; bacterial necrosis of basil; cabai, bell pepper), Cucumis bunga Asia: China, Iran, Japan, bacterial rot of lettuce; bacterial rot of melo (melon, muskmelon), (inflorecence), Jordan, Nepal, Republic Chinese cabbage; bacterial soft rot of Cucumis sativus (mentimun, media tanam of Korea (South Korea), - 858 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) tomato; bacterial blossom blight of cucumber), Citrullus lanatus (growing Saudi Arabia, Turkey kiwi (semangka, watermelon) media), Europe: Belgium, Cucurbita maxima (waluh, tanaman Bulgaria, Bosnia and labu parang, pumpkin), hasil Herzegovina, Croatia, Hydrangea (hydrangeas), mikropropag Czech Republic, France, Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, asi Germany, Greece, tomato), Actinidia chinensis (micropropag Hungary, Italy, (Chinese gooseberry), Allium ated plants) Montenegro, Netherlands, fistulosum (bawang daun, North Macedonia, Poland, welsh onion), Brassica Portugal, Russian oleracea var. botrytis (bunga Federation, Serbia, kol, cauliflower), Brassica Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, oleracea var. capitata (kubis, Switzerland, United cabbage), Brassica oleracea Kingdom var. gemmifera (Brussels Oceania: Australia, New sprouts), Calendula officinalis Zealand (Pot marigold), Capsicum frutescens (cabai rawit, chilli), Carthamus tinctorius (kesumba, safflower), Chrysanthemum indicum (krisan, chrysant), Cichorium endivia (endives), Citrus aurantium (jeruk, sour - 859 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) orange), Citrus macrophylla (alemow), Citrus sinensis (jeruk manis, navel orange), Cyclamen persicum (cyclamens), Cynara cardunculus (artichoke), Eschscholzia californica (california poppy), Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia), Eutrema wasabi (wasabi), Forsythia suspensa, Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean), Lotus corniculatus (bird's-foot trefoil), Lupinus angustifolius (lupin), Malus domestica (aple, apel), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Nicotiana rustica (wild tobacco), Papaver (poppies), Papaver nudicaule (Iceland poppy), Passiflora edulis (markisa, passionfruit), Pastinaca sativa (parsnip), - 860 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Petroselinum crispum (peterseli, parsley), Petunia hybrida, Phaseolus coccineus (runner bean), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Pseudopanax, Pyruscommunis (European pear), Rosa (mawar, roses), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Sorghum sudanense (Sudan grass), Tanacetum coccineum (common pyrethrum), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Tropaeolum majus (common nasturtium), Vaccinium corymbosum (blueberry), Vicia faba (broad bean), Vigna angularis (adzuki bean), Vigna unguiculata - 861 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) (kacang panjang, cowpea), Viola (violet), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Zea mays (jagung, maize, corn), Zinnia elegans (zinnia) 11. Ralstonia syzygii subsp. syzygii; I Eugenia spp., Syzygium akar (roots), Indonesia: Bali, Jawa, (Syn.Ralstonia syzygii, Pseudomonas aromaticum (cengkeh, clove), batang Kalimantan (Kalimantan syzygii); Syzygium spp. (stems), bibit Selatan), Maluku, Sumatera disease of clove, bacterial (seedlings), Sulawesi, Sumatera wilt of potato daun (leaves) (Lampung)

Vektor: Hemiptera, Machaerotida e: Hindola spp. 12. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Gabriel I Aegle marmelos (maja, golden Buah (fruits), Indonesia: Jawa, Papua et al. 1989) Schaad et al. 2007; apple), Ageratum conyzoides daun (leaves, Afrika: Benin, Burkina (Syn. Bacillus citri (Hasse) Holland (babandotan, billy goat weed), ranting Faso, Comoros DR 1920, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Casimiroa edulis (white (twigs), tanah Congo, Ivory Coast, aurantifolii Vauterin et al. 1995, sapote), Citrus spp, (soil) Ethiopia, Gabon, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (ex. Eremocitrus glauca (Australian Madagascar, Mali, Hasse 1915) Vauterin et al. 1995, desert lime), Fortunella Mauritius, Mayotte, Xanthomonas campestris pv. japonica (round kumquat), Mozambique, Reunion, - 862 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) aurantifolii Gabriel et al., 1989, Fortunella margarita (oval Senegal, Seychelles, Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri kumquat), Limonia acidissima Somalia, Sudan, (Hasse 1915) Dye 1978, (elephant apple), Mangifera Tanzania Xanthomonas citri f.sp. aurantifoliae indica (manga, mango), America: Argentina, Namekata & Oliveira 1972), Poncirus trifoliate (trifoliate Bolivia, Brazil, USA, Xanthomonas fuscans ssp. aurantifolii orange) Paraguay, Uruguay Schaad et al. 2005, Xanthomonas Asia: Afghanistan, smithii subsp. citri citri (Gabriel et al. Bangladesh, Cambodia, 1989) Schaad et al. 2007; China, Cocos Island, Citrus canker Hongkong, India, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, DPR Korea (North Korea), Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Republic of Korea (South Korea), Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam, Yemen Oceania: Australia, Fiji, Guam, Marshall Islands, - 863 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Timor Leste

8. VIRUS (VIRUSES)

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) 1. Banana streak badnavirus (BSV); I Heliconia sp. (pisang hias), bibit Indonesia: Jawa Barat, (Syn. Banana streak disease, Banana Musa spp. (pisang) (seedlings, Sumatera (Lampung) streak virus, Banana streak GF Virus, micropropagat Africa: Benin, Canary Banana streak mysorevirus, Banana ed plants), Islands, Cameroon, Cape streak OL virus) bonggol Verde, Egypt, Ghana, (setts), biji Guinea, Ivory Coast, (true seeds, Kenya, Madagascar, grains), daun Malawi, Mauritius, (leaves) Morocco, Nigeria, Rwanda, - 864 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Vector South Africa, Tanzania, Pseudococcida Uganda e (planococcus America: Brazil, Colombia, citri) Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Virgin Islands, Venezuela Asia: China, India, Jordan, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand Europe: Portugal, Spain Oceania: Australia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga 2. Carnation mottle alphacarmovirus I Begonia spp., Daphne odora akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa (CarMV); (fragrant daphne), Dianthus batang (stems Barat) (Syn. Carnation mottle virus, Carnation barbatus (sweets williams), (above Africa: Egypt mottle carmovirus) Dianthus caryophyllus grounds), America: Argentina, (carnation), Dianthus superbus trunks, Brazil, Canada, Chile. - 865 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) (fringed print), Saponaria branches), Colombia, Cuba, Georgia, officinalis (soapwort), bibit Mexico, USA, Venezuela Phalaenopsis sp., Vaccaria (seedlings, Asia: China, India, Iran, hispanica, Zanthedeschia spp. micropropagat Israel, Japan, Lebanon, (calla lily) ed plants), Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, bunga Republic of Korea, Taiwan, (flowers, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, inflorescences) Turkey, Uzbekistan , daun Europe: Armenia, (leaves), Azerbaijan, Belarus, suluran Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech (stolon), tunas Republic, Denmark, (shoots, buds) Estonia, France, Germany, Latvia, Vektor: Lithuania, Moldova, Aphis gossypii Hungary, Italy, Ukraine, Russia, Slovakia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 3. Citrus exocortis pospiviroid (CEVd); I Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa (Syn. Citrus exocortis viroid, citrus (turnip rape), Citroncirus batang (stems Timur) exocortis) webberi (citrange), Citrus limon (above Africa: Algeria, Cameron, (lemon), Citrus limonia (jeruk ground), Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, limau, mandarin lime), Citrus trunks, Ivory coast, Libya, - 866 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) reticulata x Poncirus trifoliata branches), Madagascar, Mauritus, (citrumelo), Poncirus trifoliate bibit Morocco, Mozambique, (trifoliate orange), (seedlings, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Chrysanthemum vestitum, micropropagat Somalia, South Africa, Citrus, Daucus carota (wortel, ed plants), biji Sudan, Tunisia, carrot), Gynura aurantiaca (true seeds, America: Canada, Cuba, (java velvet plant), Gynura grains), bunga Guadeloupe, Jamaica, procumbens, Impatien (flowers, Martinique, Mexico, walleriana, Petunia hybrida, inflorescences) Trinidad and Tobago, USA Poncirus trifoliate (Trifoliate , buah (fruits), Asia: China, India, Iran, orange), Solanum jasminoides, daun (leaves), Iraq, Israel, Japan, Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tanaman Jordan, Lebanon, tomato), Solanum melongena (whole plants), Malaysia, Oman, (terung, aubergine, eggplant), tunas (shoots, Pakistan, Philippines, Solanum tuberosum (kentang, buds) Republic of Korea (South potato), Tagetes patula (French Korea), Saudi Arabia, marigold), Verbana, Vicia faba Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, (kacang babi, broad bean), Vitis Turkey, United Arab vinifera (anggur, grapevine) Emirates, Vietnam, Yemen Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, North - 867 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Macedonia, Netherlands, Portugal, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovenia, Portugal, Russia, Spain Oceania: Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Semoa 4. Cacao swollen shoot badnavirus I Adansonia digitata (baobab), batang (stems Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa (CSSV); Ceiba pentandra (kapuk randu, (above Tengah, DIY, Jawa Timur) (Syn. Cacao swollen shoot virus, kapok), Cola chlamydantha, ground), Africa: Ghana, Ivory Cacao vein clearing virus, Cacao virus Cola gigantea, Theobroma trunks, Coast, Nigeria, Northwest I, Cocoa swollen shoot badnavirus, cacao (kakao, cocoa) branches), biji Africa, Sierra Leone, Togo Theobroma virus I) (true seeds, Asia: Sri Lanka grains), buah (fruit), daun (leaves), mata tunas (shoots, buds), polong (pods)

Vektor: - 868 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Hemiptera, Pseudococcida e: Delococcus tafoensis, Ferrisia virgata, Paraputo anomalus, Phenacoccus hargreavesi, Planococcoides njalensis, Planococcus citri, Pseudococcus concavocerrari , Pseudococcus longis 5. Cymbidium ringspot tombusvirus I Cymbidium, tanaman Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa (CymRSV); Trifolium repens (semanggi (whole plants) Barat), (Syn. Cymbidium ringspot virus) putih, white clover), Vigna Europe: United Kingdom unguiculata (kacang tunggak, cowpea) - 869 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) 6. Fiji disease fijivirus (FDV) I Saccharum officinarum (tebu, bibit Indonesia: Papua, (Syn. Sugarcane Fiji disease fijivirus, sugarcane) (seedlings, Sulawesi Sugarcae Fiji disease virus, Saccharum micropropagat Africa: Madagascar virus 2, Galla fijinensis) ed plants), Asia: Malaysia, tanaman Philippines, Thailand (whole plants) Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua Vektor: Leaf New Guinea, Samoa, hopper Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu 7. Onion yellow dwarf potyvirus (OYDV); I Allium spp. akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa, Bali, (Syn. Allium virus 1, Garlic mosaic bibit Nusa Tenggara Barat virus, Garlic yellow streak virus, (seedlings, (Lombok, Sumbawa), Marmor cepae, Onion yellow dwarf micropropagat Sulawesi (Sulawesi virus) ed plants), Selatan) buah (fruits), Africa: Egypt, Morocco, bunga Nigeria, South Africa (flowers, America: Argentina, inflorescences) Brazil, Canada, Chile, , daun Cuba, USA, Uruguay (leaves), umbi Asia: China, India, Iran, (bulbs, corms, Iraq, Israel, Japan, tubers) Thailand, Taiwan, Turkey, Tunisia, Vietnam - 870 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Vector:Myzus Europe: Austria, Bosnia persicae dan and Herzegovina, Croatia, aphid lainnya Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Ukraine Oceania: Australia, Cook Islands, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea 8. Papaya ringspot potyvirus (PRSV) P; I Carica papaya (pepaya, bibit Indonesia: Sumatera (Syn. Distorsion ring spot of papaya, papaya), Cucurbitaceae (seedlings, (NAD, Sumatera Utara, Mosaic of papaya, Papaya distortion micropropagat Riau, Sumatera Selatan), mosaic virus, Papaya leaf distortion ed plants), Jawa (DIY), Bali, Nusa virus, Papaw distortion ringspot virus, buah (fruits), Tenggara Barat Papaw mosaic virus, Ringspot of bunga Africa: Egypt, Ivory Coast, papaya,) (flowers, Mauritius, Nigeria, inflorescences) Tanzania, Tunisia, - 871 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) , daun Uganda (leaves), America: Bahama, Brazil, tanaman Colombia, Costa Rica, (whole plants) Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Vektor:Hemipt Honduras, Jamaica, era, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Aphididae: Trinidad and Tobago, Myzus USA, Venezuela persicae, Asia: Bangladesh, China, Aphis India, Iran, Israel, Japan, coreopsidis, Lebanon, Malaysia, Nepal, Aphis Pakistan, Philippines, craccivora, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Aphis fabae, Syria, Thailand, Taiwan, Aphis Vietnam, Yemen gossypii, Europe: France, Germany, Toxoptera Italy citricida Oceania: Australia, Cook Island, Solomon Island, Tonga 9. Shallot yellow stripe potyvirus (SYSV) I Allium ascalonicum (bawang bibit Indonesia: Jawa, Bali, (Syn. Shallot yellow stripe virus) merah, shallot), Allium cepa (seedlings, Nusa Tenggara Barat var. ascalonicum (bawang micropropagat (Lombok, Sumbawa), - 872 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) merah, shallot), Allium cepa ed plants), Sulawesi (Selatan) (bawang bombai, onion), Allium umbi (bulbs, Asia: China, Thailand cepa var. cepa, Allium sativum corms, tubers) (bawang putih, garlic), Lilium formosanum (tiger lily) Vektor: Hemiptera, Aphididae: Acyrthosiphon pisum, Myzus cymbalariae 10. Squash mosaic comovirus (SqMV); I Cucurbitaceae (cucurbits), biji (true Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa (Syn. Cucurbit ring mosaic virus, Citrullus lanatus (semangka, seeds, grains), Barat) Muskmelon mosaic como virus, watermelon), Cucumis melo tanaman Africa: Egypt, Morocco, Muskmelon necrotic mosaic virus, (melon), Cucumis sativus (whole plants) Tunisia Squash mosaic comovirus, Pumpkin (mentimun, cucumber), America: Argentina, mosaic virus, Watermelon stunt virus) Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin), Vektor: Brazil, Canada, Chile, Cucurbita maxima (waluh, labu Coleoptera, Honduras, Jamaica, parang, pumpkin), Cucurbita Chrysomelida Mexico, Montserrat, pepo (labu kuning, zukini, e: Acalymma Puerto Rico, USA, zucchini), Luffa acutangula trivittata, Venezuela (oyong), Sechium edule (labu Acalymma Asia: Bangladesh, China, siam, chayotes) thiemei, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Diabrotica Jordan, Kazakhstan, undecimpunct Lebanon, Philippines, - 873 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) ata, Diabrotica Syria, Turkey Yemen bivittula; Europe: Bulgaria, Czech Coleoptera, Republic, Greece, Italy, Coccinellidae: Netherlands Epilachna Oceania: Australia, New chrysomelina; Zealand, Samoa Epilachna paenulata 11. Sweet potato feathery mottle potyvirus I Amaranthus retroflexus akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa (SPFMV); (redroot pigweed), Atriplex batang (stems Tengah, Jawa Barat), Syn. Sweet potato chlorotic leafspot hastata, Brassica oleracea var. (above Papua. virus, Sweet potato internal cork virus, capitata (kubis, cabbage), ground), Africa: Cameroon, Congo Sweet potato russet crack virus, Sweet Calendula officinalis (pot trunks, Democratic Republic, potato feathery mottle virus, Sweet marigold), Capsicum annuum branches), Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, potato virus A, Sweet potato vein (cabai, paprika, bell pepper), bunga Madagascar, Niger, clearing virus, Sweet potato leaf spot Chenopodium (goosefoot), (flowers, Nigeria, Rwanda, South virus, Sweet potato ringspot virus) Chenopodium polyspermum inflorescences) Africa, Tanzania, Togo, (manyseeded goosefoot), , bibit Uganda, Zambia, Convolvuls arvensis (bindweed), (seedlings, Zimbabwe Cucurbita maxima (waluh, labu micropropagat America: Argentina, parang, pumpkin), Hewittia ed Brazil, Canada, Chile, sublobata, Ipomoea spp., plants),daun Costa Rica, Peru, Puerto Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, (leaves), tunas Rico, United States of sweet potato), Lepistemon (shoots, buds) America, Venezuela - 874 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) owarlensis, Mentha arvenss Asia: China, India, Japan, (corn mint), Phaseolus lunatus Republic of Korea, Syria, (lima bean), Sinapsis arvensis Vektor: Taiwan, Vietnam (wild mustard), Spinacia Myzus Europe: Italy, Spain oleracea (bayam, spinach), persicae, Oceania: Australia, Fiji, Taraxacum officinale complex Aphis French Polynesia, New (dandelion) gossypii,Aphis Zealand, Solomon Islands, craccipora, Tonga Lipaphis erysimi 12. Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV); I Alstroemeria, Ananas comosus batang (stems Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa (Syn. Dahlia oakleaf virus, Dahlia (nanas, pineapple), Anemone (above Barat), Kalimantan ringspot virus, Dahlia yellow ringspot coronaria (crown anemone), ground), (Kalimantan Barat) virus, Mung bean leaf curl virus, Apium graveolens (seledri, trunks, Africa: Algeria, Burkina Pineapple yellow spot virus, Tomato celery), Arachys hypogaea branches), Faso, Canary Island, DR spotted wilt virus) (kacang tanah, peanut), Aster tanaman, Congo DR, Egypt, Ivory spp., Begonia spp., Benincasa umbi (bulbs, Coast, Kenya, Libya, hispida (white gourd), Bidens corms, tubers) Madagascar, Mauritius, pilosa (ajeran, blackjack), Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Brugmansia sauveolens, Vektor: Senegal, South Africa, Calceolaria, Calendula Thysanoptera, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, officinalis (pot marigold), Thripidae: Uganda, Zimbabwe Callistephus chinensis (China Frankliniella America: Argentina, aster), Campanula, Canavalia bispinosa, F. Brazil, Bolivia, Canada, - 875 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) gladiata (kacang parang, sword Intonsa, Chile, Colombia, Costa bean), Capsicum annuum F.fusca, Rica, Dominican Republic, (cabai, paprika, bell pepper), F.occidenttalis, Ecuador, Guyana, Haiti, Carica papaya (pepaya, F. Schultzei, F. Jamaica, Mexico, papaya), Catharanthus roseus Tenuicornis, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, (tapak dara, periwinkle), Thrips palmi, Suriname, USA, Uruguay, Chrysanthemum x morifolium T. Setosus, T. Venezuela (krisan, chrysanthemum), Cicer Tabaci, Asia: Afghanistan, arietinum (kacang arab, T.flavus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, chickpea), Cichorium endivia Scirtothrips Bangladesh, China, (endive), Citrullus lanatus dorsalis Georgia, India, Iran, (semangka, watermelon), Israel, Japan, Jordan, Coleus, Columnea hirta, Korea DPR (North Korea), Crotalaria junce (rush Lebanon, Malaysia, Nepal, skeletonweed), Cucumis sativus Oman, Pakistan, Republic (mentimun, cucumber), of Korea (South Korea), Cucurbita pepo (labu, squash), Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Cyclamen, Cynara scolymus Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, (artichoke), Cyphomandra Thailand, Turkey betacea (terung belanda, tree Europe: Albania, Austria, tomato), Dahlia spp., Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia Dieffenbachia spp. (dumbcane), and Herzegovina, Croatia, Eustoma grandiflorum Cyprus, Czech Republic, (lisianthus), Ficus elastic Finland, France, - 876 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) (Indian rubberplant), Ficus Germany, Greece, pumila (clumbing fig), Guernsey, Hungary, Galinsoga parviflora (potato Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, weed), Gerbera jamesonii Malta, Moldova, (transvaal daisy), Gerbera spp., Montenegro, North Glycine max (kedelai, Macedonia, Malta, soyabean), Gossypium Moldova, Montenegro, hirsutum (kapas, cotton), Netherlands, Norway, Helianthus annuus (bunga Poland, Portugal, matahari, sunflower), Romania, Russian Impatiens walleriana (busy- Federation, Serbia, Izzy), Jacquemontia tamnifolia Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, (hairy clustervine), Kalanchoe Switzerland, Ukraine, sp., Lactuca sativa (selada, United Kingdom, lettuce), Lathyrus sativus Oceania: Australia, Cook (grass pea), Lens culinaris ssp. Islands, New Zealand, culinaris (lentil), Lupinus spp. Papua New Guinea (lupine), Mentha piperita, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil), Oncidium, Pelargonium, Petunia hybrida, Phalaenopsis spp., - 877 -

No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION (SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/ COMMON NAME) Phaseolus spp., Physalis peruviana (cape gooseberry), Pisum sativum (kapri, pea), Saintpaulia ionantha (African violet), Sechium edule (labu siam, chayotes), Senecio cruentus (cineraria), Sinningia speciosa (Brazilian gloxinia), Sinningia, Solanaceae, Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, aubergine, eggplant), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Stephanotis floribunda (Madagascar jasmine), Valeriana officinalis (valerian), Valerianella locusta (lamb’s lettuce), Vigna cylindrica (buncis, common bean), Vigna mungo (black gram), Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, mungbean), Vigna unguiculata (kacang tunggak, cowpea), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine),