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Results of Spirit Leveling Illinois 1909 and 1910

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Results of Spirit Leveling Illinois 1909 and 1910 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR BULLETIN 493 RESULTS OF SPIRIT LEVELING ILLINOIS 1909 AND 1910 R. B. MARSHALL, CHIEF GEOGEAPHEK WORK DONE IN COOPERATION WITH THE STATE OF ILLINOIS CONTENTS. Page. Introduction.............................................................. 5 Previous publication.................................................... 5 Personnel. ...................... ^.^..................................... 5 Classification......................................................... 5 Bench marks........................................................... 6 Datum............................................................... 6 Topographic maps...................................................... 7 Primary leveling........................................................... 8 Birds, Hardinville, Newton, and Vincennes quadrangles (Crawford, Jasper, Lawrence, Richland, and Wabash counties)........................... 8 Lincoln quadrangle (Logan and Sangamon counties).................... 11 Burlington, Canton, Carthage, Colchester, Havana, Keokuk, La Harpe, Lomax, Macomb, and Vermont quadrangles (Fulton, Hancock, Hender- son, McDonough, and Schuyler counties)............................. 12 Milan quadrangle (Mercer and Rock Island counties).................... 24 Belleville, Kimmswick, and Waterloo quadrangles (Monroe and St. Glair counties)........................................................... 26 Appendix A................................................................ 33 Elevations adjusted by the Coast and Geodetic Survey from precise leveling. 33 Alton, Beardstown, Belleville, Bonfil, Breese, Carbondale, Carlyle, Centralia, Chandlerville, Chester, Chicago, Cisne, Clinton, Des- plaines, Dongola, Dubuque, Dunlap, Duquoin, Elgin, Forreston, Genoa, Glasford, Griggsville, Hardin, Havana, Hennepin, Herrin, luka, Joliet, Keithsburg, Kings, Kirkland, Lacon, Lasalle, Leclaire, Manilo, Marseilles, Meredosia, Metamora, Milan, Miles, Morris, Mound City, Mount Carroll, O'Fallon, Olney, Oquawka, Oregon, Ottawa, Pearl, Peoria, Richview, Riverside, St. Louis, Savanna, Wheaton, Wickliffe, and Wilmington quadrangles (Adams, Alex­ ander, Brown, Bureau, Calhoun, Carroll, Chester, Clay, Clinton, Cook, Dekalb,-Dupage, Fulton, Grundy, Hancock, Henderson, Jackson, Jo Daviess, Kane, Lasalle, Lawrence, Marion, Marshall, Mason, Mercer, Ogle, Peoria, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Putnam, Ran­ dolph, Richland, Rock Island, St.. Glair, Schuyler, Union, Washing­ ton, Whiteside, and Will counties)................................. 33 Appendix B............................................................... 82 Elevations of stone-line bench marks established by the Mississippi River Commission along Mississippi River from Menominee to Cairo, 111. (primary leveling)................................................ 82 Altenburg, Alton, Alto Pass, Baldwin, Barry, Bonfil, Campbell Hill, Chester, Clinton, Crystal City, Edgington; Fort Madison, Galena, Hannibal, Hardin, Jonesboro, Keithsburg, Keokuk, Kimmswick, Leclaire, Lomax, Louisiana, Mendon, Milan, Miles, Mound City, Muscatine, Nebo, O'Fallon, Oquawka, Pearl, Peosta, Quincy, Re­ nault, St. Louis, Ste. Genevieve, Savanna, Thebes, and Waterloo quadrangles (Adams, Alexander, Calhoun, Carroll, Hancock, Hen­ derson, Jackson, Jersey, Jo Daviess, Madison, Mercer, Pike, Pulaski, Randolph, Rock Island, St. Glair, Union, and Whiteside counties).. 82 Index.................................................................... Ill ILLUSTRATION. Page. I, Geological Survey bench marks.................................... 5 U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 4!>3 PLATE I GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BENCH MARKS. j4, Tablet used in cooperating States. The State name is inserted at (1, K and J). Copper temporary bench mark, consisting of a nail and copper washer. A, 0, and E, Tablets for stone 01* concrete structures. f, Iron post used \vhere there is no rock. RESULTS OF SPIRIT LEVELING IN ILLINOIS, 1909 AND 1910. R. B. MARSHALL, Chief Geographer. INTRODUCTION. Previous publication. The following results of spirit leveling are supplemental to and accord with the elevations contained in Bulletin" 421, and are in agreement with the 1907 adjustment of precise level­ ing by the Coast and Geodetic Survey. Corrections to Bulletin 421 should be noted as follows: Page 9: Bloomington, at Chicago & Alton junction (Kansas City division); top of rail. Elevation should be 775.9. Page 10: Mahomet, 2 miles west of. Should be " east of." Page 46: Belleville, northeast corner of courthouse yard; iron post stamped "Prim. Trav. Sta. No. 15, ADJ 531." The elevation of this should now be 529.411. The quadrangle names Russellville and Saidora have been changed, and the new names, Birds and Chandlerville, respectively, appear in this bulletin. The following quadrangle names have also been changed, but do not appear in this bulletin: Apple River to Elizabeth. Dawson to Cornland. Farmer City to Arrowsmith. Nashville to Hoyleton. Oakland to Ashmore. St. Charles to Geneva. Shirley to McLean. Sidell to Hunie. Windsor to Stewardson. Personnel. The field work of 1909 ajid 1910 was done under the supervision of W. H. Herron, geographer, under the general direc­ tion of R. B. Marshall, chief geographer. Credit is given to the dif­ ferent levelmen in the introduction to each list. The office work of computation, adjustment, and preparation of lists was done mainly by S. S. Gannett, geographer, under the general direction of E. M. Douglas, geographer. Classification. The elevations are classified as precise or primary, according to the methods employed in their determination. For pre­ cise-level lines instruments and rods of the highest grade are used, each line is run both forward and backward, and every precaution is taken, to guard against error. The allowable divergence between the forward and the backward lines in feet is represented by the formula 5 6 SPIEIT LEVELING IN ILLINOIS, 1909 AND 1910. 0.017 VD> in which D is the distance in miles between bench marks. For primary lines standard Y levels are used; lines are run in cir­ cuits or are closed on precise lines, with an allowable closing error in feet represented by 0.05 VD, in which D is the length of the circuit in miles, sufficient care being given to the work to maintain this stand­ ard. For leveling of both classes careful office adjustments are made, the small outstanding errors being distributed over the lines. Bench- marks. The standard bench marks are of two forms. The first form is a circular bronze or aluminum tablet (G and E, PL I), 3£ inches in diameter and \ inch thick, having a 3-inch stem, which is cemented in a drill hole in solid rock in the wall of some public building, a bridge abutment, or other substantial masonry structure. The second form (F, PI. I), used where masonry or rock is not avail­ able, consists of a hollow wrought-iron post 3^ inches in outer diam­ eter and 4 feet in length. The bottom is spread out to a width of 10 inches in order to give a firm bearing on the earth. A bronze or aluminum-bronze cap is riveted over the top of the post which is set about 3 feet in the ground. A third style of bench mark, with abbre­ viated lettering (B and Z>, PI. I), is used for unimportant points. This consists of a special copper nail 1£ inches in length driven through a copper washer $ inch in diameter. The tablets as well as the caps on the iron posts are appropriately lettered, and cooperation by States is indicated by the addition of the State name (#, PL I). The numbers stamped on the bench marks described in the follow­ ing pages represent the elevations to the nearest foot as determined by the levelman. These numbers are stamped with ^-inch steel dies on the tablets or post caps, to the left of the word " Feet." The office adjustment of the notes and the reduction to mean sea level datum may so change some of the figures that the original markings are 1 or 2 feet in error. It is assumed that engineers and others who have occasion to use the bench-mark elevations will apply to the Director of the United States Geological Survey, at Washington, D. C., for the adjusted values, and will use the markings as identification numbers only. Datum. All United States Geological Survey elevations are re­ ferred to mean sea level, which is the" level that the sea would assume if the influence of winds and tides were eliminated. This level is not the elevation determined from the mean of the highest and the lowest tides, nor is it the half sum of the mean of all the high tides and the mean of all the low tides, which is called the half-tide level. Mean sea level is the average height of the water, all stages of the tide being considered. It is determined from observations made by means of tidal gages placed at stations where local conditions, such as long, narrow bays, rivers, and like features, will not affect the height of the water. To obtain even approximately correct results these observations must extend over at least one lunar month, and INTRODUCTION. if accuracy is desired they must extend over several years. A.t ocean stations the half-tide level and the mean sea level usually differ but little. It is assumed that there is no difference between the mean sea level as determined from observations in the Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, or the Pacific Ocean. The connection with tidal stations for bench marks in certain areas that lie at some distance from the seacoast is still uncertain, and this fact is indicated by the addition of
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