Eastern Black Swallowtail Butterfly

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Pest Profile Photo Credits: Donald Hall, University of Florida. Common Names: Eastern Black Swallowtail Butterfly Synonyms: American swallowtail, Parsley worm, Celery worm, Black swallowtail, Caraway worm, and Parsnip swallowtail Scientific Name: Papilio polyxenes asterius (Stoll) Order and Family: Lepidoptera: Papilionidae Size and Appearance: Length (mm) Appearance Egg 1mm Spherical, pale yellow and laid singly on host plant, darkening with development. Larva/Nymph 2mm – 50mm Green with black stripes or bands in the middle of each segment. Five longitudinal rows of yellowish to orange spots interrupt the black bands. When disturbed, the caterpillars are able to evert a pair of fleshy horn glands (osmeteria) from the head that emit odors that are distasteful to predators. Adult 76mm – 115mm Shiny black with two rows of yellow spots on the upper wingspan surface of the fore and hind wings. The spots on the male’s wings are large and bright while the female’s spots will be lighter and smaller in size. Female hind wings also have an iridescent blue area between the rows of spots. Pupa (if applicable) Greenish, darkening to brown or grey. Pupal stage of first generation lasts about 18 days. Second generation pupa form a chrysalis and overwinter in protected areas. Type of feeder (Chewing, sucking, etc.): The larvae have chewing mouth parts. Host plants: Parsley, dill, sweet fennel, celery, caraway, and sometimes carrot and Queen Anne’s lace. Description of damage (larvae and adults): The caterpillars are doing the damage by chewing on the leaves and are also known to clip the flower heads as well as eating the developing seeds. The adult stage feeds on nectar and is not damaging. References: Cranshaw, W. (2004). Garden Insects of North America: The Ultimate Guide To Backyard Bugs. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Hall, D. W. (2014). Eastern Black Swallowtail, Papilio polyxenes asterius (Stoll) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Florida: University of Florida, IFAS Extension. (Pub# EENY-504). Opler, P. A. & Malikul, V. (1998). Eastern butterflies. The Peterson field guide series. .

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Back Mr. Rudkin: Differentiating Papilio Zelicaon and Papilio Polyxenes in Southern California (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
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