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Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae) Nativos Do Brasil

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Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae) Nativos Do Brasil 64º Congresso Nacional de Botânica Belo Horizonte, 10-15 de Novembro de 2013 ANATOMIA FLORAL DE REPRESENTANTES DO CLADO Ornithocephalus (ORCHIDACEAE: ONCIDIINAE) NATIVOS DO BRASIL Ludmila Mickeliunas Pansarin 1*, Emerson Ricardo Pansarin 2, Isabel Alves dos Santos 1 1Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, 2Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP. *[email protected] alongados são responsáveis pela secreção do óleo. Esse Introdução tipo de elaióforo misto foi documentado primeiramente Oncidiinae é a subtribo com a maior diversidade floral em flores de outra Orchidaceae, Grobya amherstiae [2]. dentro de Orchidaceae. Suas flores evoluíram para Phymatidium delicatulum e Zygostates alleniana utilizar uma gama diversificada de polinizadores. A apresentam elaióforos do tipo tricomático, no qual apenas polinização por engano é a estratégia mais comum, mas os tricomas unicelulares e digitiformes são responsáveis algumas espécies oferecem néctar, fragrância ou óleo [1]. pela secreção do óleo floral, como registrado para outras Os óleos florais são produzidos em glândulas chamadas Ornithocephalinae [4, 5]. Em todas as espécies a elaióforos, que podem ser do tipo tricomático, epidérmico quantidade de óleo secretada é grande, comparada ao ou misto [2]. tamanho diminuto das flores. O óleo secretado fica exposto aos polinizadores, principalmente entre os Atualmente a subtribo está dividida em 61 clados, dentre tricomas. Como reportado para Trichocentrum pumilum [6], provavelmente essas quatro espécies também sejam eles o clado Ornithocephalus [3] que compreende seis . gêneros. O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar a polinizadas por fêmeas de abelhas coletoras de óleo anatomia floral de espécies de quatro gêneros de Conclusões Ornithocephalinae, assim como a natureza química da secreção oferecida como recurso aos polinizadores. Chytroglossa aurata, Ornithocephalus myrticola, Phymatidium delicatulum e Zygostates alleniana Metodologia oferecem óleo floral aos seus polinizadores, secretado Para esse estudo foram utilizadas cerca de 20 flores em elaióforos do tipo misto nas duas primeiras e do tipo frescas de cada espécie (Chytroglossa aurata, tricomático nas demais. Em todas as espécies o óleo fica Ornithocephalus myrticola, Phymatidium delicatulum e exposto aos visitantes principalmente entre os tricomas. Zygostates alleniana ), coletadas no primeiro dia de Agradecimentos antese. Foram realizados cortes longitudinais e transversais do labelo e aplicados os seguintes testes Agradecemos à Fapesp (Processo 2011/12720-2) pelo histoquímicos: Ácido tânico/Cloreto férrico (para financiamento concedido e à Base Ecológica da Serra do mucilagem), Vermelho de Rutênio (para mucilagem Japi pela autorização de coleta das espécies botânicas. ácida), Sudan III e IV (para lipídios), Acetato de cobre/Ácido rubeânico (para ácidos graxos), Reagente de Referências Bibliográficas Fehling (para açúcar redutor) e Lugol (para amido). Para [1] Chase, M.W. 2009. Oncidiinae . Pp. 237–239, 357–359. In: cada teste foram realizados os respectivos controles. Pridgeon, A.M.; Cribb, P.J.; Chase, M.W. & Rasmussen, F.N. (eds.) Genera Orchidacearum. Vol. 5. Epidendroideae. Part 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Resultados e Discussão [2] Pansarin, L.M; Castro, M. de M. & Sazima, M. 2009. Osmophore and elaiophores of Grobya amherstiae (Catasetinae, As quatro espécies de Ornithocephalinae analisadas Orchidaceae) and their relation to pollination. Botanical Journal secretam óleo floral como recurso aos polinizadores. A of the Linnean Society 159: 408–415. localização dos elaióforos varia entre as espécies. Em [3] Neubig, K.M.; Whitten, W.M.; Williams, N.H.; Blanco, M.A.; Chytroglossa aurata os elaióforos estão no calo formado Endara, L.; Burleigh, J.G.; Silvera, K.; Cushman, J.C. & Chase M.W. 2012. Generic recircumscriptions of Oncidiinae por duas projeções laterais na base do labelo. Em (Orchidaceae: Cymbidieae) based on maximum likelihood Ornithocephalus myrticola os elaióforos ocupam toda a analysis of combined DNA datasets. Botanical Journal of the superfície dos lobos laterais do labelo. Já em Linnean Society 168: 117-146 [4] Stpiczy ńska, M.; Davies, K.L. & Szymczak, G. 2012. Floral Phymatidium delicatulum os elaióforos estão em uma elaiophore structure in four representatives of the protuberância conchiforme presente na base do labelo. E Ornithocephalus clade (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae). Annals of em Zygostates alleniana os elaióforos recobrem a Botany 110: 809–820 [5] Pacek, A. & Stpiczy ńska, M. 2007. The structure of protuberância convexa presente na base do labelo. Os elaiophores in Oncidium cheirophorum Rchb.f. and testes histoquímicos confirmaram a natureza lipofílica da Ornithocephalus kruegeri Rchb.f. (Orchidaceae). Acta secreção de todas as espécies. Não foram observadas Agrobotanica 60: 9-14. [6] Pansarin, E.R. & Pansarin, L.M. 2011. Reproductive biology secreções hidrofílicas nas células do labelo. Chytroglossa of Trichocentrum pumilum : an orchid pollinated by oil-collecting aurata e Ornithocephalus myrticola apresentam elaióforos bees. Plant Biology 13: 576-81. do tipo misto, no qual tanto células epidérmicas arredondadas e justapostas como tricomas digitiformes e .
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