DOCSLIB.ORG

The Impacts of Climate Change on Communities of Fungi in Boreal Peatlands

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Impacts of Climate Change on Communities of Fungi in Boreal Peatlands Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 12-9-2016 12:00 AM The Impacts of Climate Change on Communities of Fungi in Boreal Peatlands Asma Asemaninejad Hassankiadeh The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Dr. R Greg Thorn The University of Western Ontario Joint Supervisor Dr. Zoë Lindo The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Biology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Asma Asemaninejad Hassankiadeh 2016 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Biodiversity Commons Recommended Citation Asemaninejad Hassankiadeh, Asma, "The Impacts of Climate Change on Communities of Fungi in Boreal Peatlands" (2016). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 4273. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4273 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract Peatlands have an important role in global climate change through sequestration of atmospheric CO2. However, climate change is already affecting these ecosystems, including both above- and below- ground communities and their functions, such as decomposition. Fungi have a greater biomass than other soil organisms and play a central role in these communities. As a result, there is concern that altered fungal community function may turn peatlands from carbon sinks to carbon sources, greatly exacerbating the impacts of climate change. In order to gain a better insight into the effects of climate change on the structure and function of these crucial carbon sequestrating ecosystems, the studies presented in this thesis focus on the diversity and structure of fungal communities in the natural environment in boreal peatlands and in mesocosm experiments to better understand the main and interactive effects of multiple drivers of climate change (increased temperature, elevated atmospheric CO2 , lowered water table conditions) on fungal communities, and their function in boreal peatlands. The results of these studies suggest that moisture content of the peat is probably one of the key factors driving changes in community composition of fungi in boreal peatlands under natural conditions. The experimental findings indicate that the effects of water table drawdown is most likely to appear as a short-term effect, intensifying the magnitude of response of fungal communities to climate change stressors by providing more habitat for decomposers that prefer aerobic conditions. Following this short-term effect of water table drawdown, fungal groups are mainly affected by increased temperatures over a longer period of time, such that increased temperatures of 4 and 8°C above ambient conditions provoke a compositional shift in communities of fungi towards different groups of decomposers, supporting the pattern of degradative succession of fungi involved in the process of decomposition. Increased temperature treatments also lead to increased abundance of vascular plant root-associates at the expense of aquatic and moss-associated fungi, probably driven by changes in aboveground communities affected by climate change stressors. These findings are valuable in providing a broader conceptual context of climate change and its consequences for carbon dynamics of boreal peatlands. Keywords Fungal community composition, rDNA, LSU, Illumina sequencing, hollow, hummock, decomposers, root-associated fungi, degradative succession, climate change, peatlands i Co-Authorship Statement A version of Chapter 2 was published in PLoS One1 with Nimalka Weerasuriya, Dr. Gregory B. Gloor (GG), Dr. Zoë Lindo (ZL) and Dr. R. Greg Thorn (RGT). The original experimental design was from RGT. Reagents, materials and analysis tools were provided by RGT, GG and ZL. I optimized PCR conditions for the newly designed primers, and performed the PCRs for two third of samples in the first round of the experiment, and all samples in the second round of the experiment. N. Weerasuriya contributed to doing PCR for one third of samples in the first round of experiment as part of her MSc project. N. Weerasuriya processed sequence data in both rounds of experiment and prepared the graphical output of the results with RGT and GG’s assistance in data analyses. The initial draft of manuscript was developed by contribution of myself and N. Weerasuriya. RGT, ZL and I made significant contributions in preparation of final draft of manuscript. A version of Chapter 3 has been submitted to Fungal Ecology2 with RGT and ZL. I conducted the field sampling, DNA extractions, and PCRs, processed sequence data, performed data analyses, and wrote the manuscript with edits from RGT and ZL. A version of Chapter 4 was published in Microbial Ecology3with RGT and ZL. RGT and ZL designed and developed the experiment. ZL maintained the experimental conditions. As a PhD student, I performed the experiment including litterbag sampling at three time points with significant assistance from ZL, DNA extractions, PCRs, processing sequence data, and conducting statistical analyses, and wrote the initial draft of the manuscript. ZL made significant contribution to data interpretation with edits on manuscript from both ZL and RGT. 1 Asemaninejad, A., Weerasuriya, N., Gloor, G. B., Lindo, Z., Thorn, R. G. 2016. New primers for discovering fungal diversity using nuclear large ribosomal DNA. PLoS One, 11(7): e0159043. 2 Asemaninejad, A., Thorn, R. G., Lindo, Z. Under review. Vertical distribution of fungi in hollows and hummocks of boreal peatlands. Fungal Ecology. 3 Asemaninejad, A., Thorn, R. G., Lindo, Z. 2016. Experimental climate change modifies degradative succession in boreal peatland fungal communities. Microbial Ecology. doi:10.1007/s00248-016-0875-9. ii A version of Chapter 5 has been submitted to International Society of Microbial Ecology (ISME)4 with RGT, Dr. Brain A. Branfireun (BB) and ZL as co-authors. BB and ZL designed and developed the experiment, and maintained the experimental conditions. I collected the sub-samples at initial and final time points of the experiment with significant assistance from RGT in initial destructive sampling, and BB and ZL in final destructive sampling. I performed DNA extraction and PCRs, processed the sequence data, conducted statistical analyses, and interpreted the results. I prepared the initial draft of manuscript with editorial input on manuscript preparation from ZL, RGT and BB. 4 Asemaninejad, A., Thorn, R. G., Branfireun, B. A., Lindo, Z. Under review. Climate change exposes specific fungal communities in boreal peatlands. International Society of Microbial Ecology. iii Acknowledgments I thank my supervisors, Dr. R Greg Thorn and Dr. Zoë Lindo, for their patience and unconditional support throughout my PhD studies. Particulary, when I started to work with Dr. Lindo, the feeling of “you are able to do extraordinary” was seeded inside me and then turned into a strong belief gradually. Working with her, I experienced that when the best effort is put into efficient and pointful work, the impossible can become possible. During four years of studies and doing research with Zoë and Greg I learnt how to approach a problem, and how to meet my goals and objectives no matter how many ups and downs I had to endure, and I am grateful about that forever. I am also thankful to Dr. Gregory Gloor for his precious support during the initial steps of data analyses. His role in my academic life was much more than a member of my advisory committee. Not only did he teach me many computational and statistical skills, but also he showed me how important it is to appreciate knowledge. Whenever, I had a chance to talk to him, he gave me the feeling that what I know in this field and what I learn is really enjoyable, and I should appreciate having the ability and opportunity to enhance my knowledge. I would also like to thank all my lab members from both Zoë’s and Greg’s lab for their friendship and academic feedbacks. Their companionship has been wonderful, and I am happy to have them as part of my life. I dedicate this thesis to my family, particularly my parents, for their wonderful and endless support in different stages of my life. Mom and dad! Your happiness and excitement about my progress have been always one of my strongest reasons not to stop and to take big steps in my life without fear; and to Morteza Heydari Araghi, the greatest life partner that I could ever have. Morteza! With you, I have always felt that I have powerful wings to surge forward catching all my dreams. iv Table of Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... i Co-Authorship Statement.......................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments.................................................................................................................... iv Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................v List of Tables ........................................................................................................................... ix List of Figures ............................................................................................................................x
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Isolation and Molecular Identification of Laccase-Producing Saprophytic
    Acta Mycologica DOI: 10.5586/am.1119 ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER Publication history Received: 2018-05-29 Accepted: 2018-10-22 Isolation and molecular identifcation Published: 2019-06-06 of laccase-producing saprophytic/ Handling editor Andrzej Szczepkowski, Faculty of Forestry, Warsaw University of phytopathogenic mushroom-forming fungi Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland from various ecosystems in Michoacán Authors’ contributions IM performed experiments and State, Mexico wrote the article; MAS helped in collection and isolation; GVM arranged the resources and conceived the idea; MSVG Irum Mukhtar1,2*, Marina Arredondo-Santoyo2, Ma. Soledad helped in data analysis and 3 2 arranged the resources Vázquez-Garcidueñas , Gerardo Vázquez-Marrufo * 1 Mycological Research Center (MRC), College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Funding University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China Funding for the publication 2 Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria for this article is obtained from Mycological Research y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Km 9.5 Carretera Morelia- Center, College of Life Sciences, Zinapécuaro, Col. La Palma, CP 58893 Tarímbaro, Michoacán, Mexico 3 Fujian Agriculture and Forestry División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas “Dr. Ignacio University, Fuzhou, 350002. Chávez”, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Gral. Francisco J. Múgica s/n, Fujian, China. While Ministry Felicitas del Río, CP 58020 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico of Foreign Afair (SRE) Mexico has provided funding for * Corresponding authors. Email: [email protected] (GVM); [email protected] (IM) postdoctoral fellowship (2013– 2014) to Dr. Irum Mukhtar. Abstract Competing interests No competing interests have Te aim of this study was isolation and molecular identifcation of laccase-producing been declared.
    [Show full text]
  • The Obligate Endobacteria of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Are Ancient Heritable Components Related to the Mollicutes
    The ISME Journal (2010) 4, 862–871 & 2010 International Society for Microbial Ecology All rights reserved 1751-7362/10 $32.00 www.nature.com/ismej ORIGINAL ARTICLE The obligate endobacteria of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are ancient heritable components related to the Mollicutes Maria Naumann1,2, Arthur Schu¨ ler2 and Paola Bonfante1 1Department of Plant Biology, University of Turin and IPP-CNR, Turin, Italy and 2Department of Biology, Inst. Genetics, University of Munich (LMU), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been symbionts of land plants for at least 450 Myr. It is known that some AMF host in their cytoplasm Gram-positive endobacteria called bacterium-like organisms (BLOs), of unknown phylogenetic origin. In this study, an extensive inventory of 28 cultured AMF, from diverse evolutionary lineages and four continents, indicated that most of the AMF species investigated possess BLOs. Analyzing the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) as a phylogenetic marker revealed that BLO sequences from divergent lineages all clustered in a well- supported monophyletic clade. Unexpectedly, the cell-walled BLOs were shown to likely represent a sister clade of the Mycoplasmatales and Entomoplasmatales, within the Mollicutes, whose members are lacking cell walls and show symbiotic or parasitic lifestyles. Perhaps BLOs maintained the Gram-positive trait whereas the sister groups lost it. The intracellular location of BLOs was revealed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), and confirmed by pyrosequencing. BLO DNA could only be amplified from AMF spores and not from spore washings. As highly divergent BLO sequences were found within individual fungal spores, amplicon libraries derived from Glomus etunicatum isolates from different geographic regions were pyrosequenced; they revealed distinct sequence compositions in different isolates.
    [Show full text]
  • Bodenmikrobiologie (Version: 07/2019)
    Langzeitmonitoring von Ökosystemprozessen - Methoden-Handbuch Modul 04: Bodenmikrobiologie (Version: 07/2019) www.hohetauern.at Impressum Impressum Für den Inhalt verantwortlich: Dr. Fernando Fernández Mendoza & Prof. Mag Dr. Martin Grube Institut für Biologie, Bereich Pflanzenwissenschaften, Universität Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz Nationalparkrat Hohe Tauern, Kirchplatz 2, 9971 Matrei i.O. Titelbild: Ein Transekt im Untersuchungsgebiet Innergschlöss (2350 m üNN) wird im Jahr 2017 beprobt. © Newesely Zitiervorschlag: Fernández Mendoza F, Grube M (2019) Langzeitmonitoring von Ökosystemprozessen im Nationalpark Hohe Tauern. Modul 04: Mikrobiologie. Methoden-Handbuch. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien. ISBN-Online: 978-3-7001-8752-3, doi: 10.1553/GCP_LZM_NPHT_Modul04 Weblink: https://verlag.oeaw.ac.at und http://www.parcs.at/npht/mmd_fullentry.php?docu_id=38612 Inhaltsverzeichnis Zielsetzung ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 Inhalt Vorbereitungsarbeit und benötigtes Material ................................................................................................... 2 a. Materialien für die Probenahme und Probenaufbewahrung ................................................................ 2 b. Materialien und Geräte für die Laboranalyse ...................................................................................... 2 Arbeitsablauf ...................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Parallel Molecular Evolution of Catalases and Superoxide Dismutases—Focus on Thermophilic Fungal Genomes
    antioxidants Article Parallel Molecular Evolution of Catalases and Superoxide Dismutases—Focus on Thermophilic Fungal Genomes Katarína Chovanová 1, Miroslav Böhmer 2 , Andrej Poljovka 1, Jaroslav Budiš 2, Jana Harichová 1, Tomáš Szemeš 2 and Marcel Zámocký 1,3,* 1 Laboratory for Phylogenomic Ecology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravska cesta 21, SK-84551 Bratislava, Slovakia; [email protected] (K.C.); [email protected] (A.P.); [email protected] (J.H.) 2 Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Nat. Sciences, Science Park of Comenius University, Comenius University, Ilkoviˇcova8, SK-84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (J.B.); [email protected] (T.S.) 3 Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 24 September 2020; Accepted: 22 October 2020; Published: 27 October 2020 Abstract: Catalases (CAT) and superoxide dismutases (SOD) represent two main groups of enzymatic antioxidants that are present in almost all aerobic organisms and even in certain anaerobes. They are closely interconnected in the catabolism of reactive oxygen species because one product of SOD reaction (hydrogen peroxide) is the main substrate of CAT reaction finally leading to harmless products (i.e., molecular oxygen and water). It is therefore interesting to compare the molecular evolution of corresponding gene families. We have used a phylogenomic approach to elucidate the evolutionary relationships among these two main enzymatic antioxidants with a focus on the genomes of thermophilic fungi. Distinct gene families coding for CuZnSODs, FeMnSODs, and heme catalases are very abundant in thermophilic Ascomycota.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    LITERATURE UPDATE FOR TEXAS FLESHY BASIDIOMYCOTA WITH NEW VOUCHERED RECORDS FOR SOUTHEAST TEXAS David P. Lewis Clark L. Ovrebo N. Jay Justice 262 CR 3062 Department of Biology 16055 Michelle Drive Newton, Texas 75966, U.S.A. University of Central Oklahoma Alexander, Arkansas 72002, U.S.A. [email protected] Edmond, Oklahoma 73034, U.S.A. [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT This is a second paper documenting the literature records for Texas fleshy basidiomycetous fungi and includes both older literature and recently published papers. We report 80 literature articles which include 14 new taxa described from Texas. We also report on 120 new records of fleshy basdiomycetous fungi collected primarily from southeast Texas. RESUMEN Este es un segundo artículo que documenta el registro de nuevas especies de hongos carnosos basidiomicetos, incluyendo artículos antiguos y recientes. Reportamos 80 artículos científicamente relacionados con estas especies que incluyen 14 taxones con holotipos en Texas. Así mismo, reportamos unos 120 nuevos registros de hongos carnosos basidiomicetos recolectados primordialmente en al sureste de Texas. PART I—MYCOLOGICAL LITERATURE ON TEXAS FLESHY BASIDIOMYCOTA Lewis and Ovrebo (2009) previously reported on literature for Texas fleshy Basidiomycota and also listed new vouchered records for Texas of that group. Presented here is an update to the listing which includes literature published since 2009 and also includes older references that we previously had not uncovered. The authors’ primary research interests center around gilled mushrooms and boletes so perhaps the list that follows is most complete for the fungi of these groups. We have, however, attempted to locate references for all fleshy basidio- mycetous fungi.
    [Show full text]
  • Examining New Phylogenetic Markers to Uncover The
    Persoonia 30, 2013: 106–125 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158513X666394 Examining new phylogenetic markers to uncover the evolutionary history of early-diverging fungi: comparing MCM7, TSR1 and rRNA genes for single- and multi-gene analyses of the Kickxellomycotina E.D. Tretter1, E.M. Johnson1, Y. Wang1, P. Kandel1, M.M. White1 Key words Abstract The recently recognised protein-coding genes MCM7 and TSR1 have shown significant promise for phylo genetic resolution within the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, but have remained unexamined within other DNA replication licensing factor fungal groups (except for Mucorales). We designed and tested primers to amplify these genes across early-diverging Harpellales fungal clades, with emphasis on the Kickxellomycotina, zygomycetous fungi with characteristic flared septal walls Kickxellomycotina forming pores with lenticular plugs. Phylogenetic tree resolution and congruence with MCM7 and TSR1 were com- MCM7 pared against those inferred with nuclear small (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) rRNA genes. We also combined MS277 MCM7 and TSR1 data with the rDNA data to create 3- and 4-gene trees of the Kickxellomycotina that help to resolve MS456 evolutionary relationships among and within the core clades of this subphylum. Phylogenetic inference suggests ribosomal biogenesis protein that Barbatospora, Orphella, Ramicandelaber and Spiromyces may represent unique lineages. It is suggested that Trichomycetes these markers may be more broadly useful for phylogenetic studies among other groups of early-diverging fungi. TSR1 Zygomycota Article info Received: 27 June 2012; Accepted: 2 January 2013; Published: 20 March 2013. INTRODUCTION of Blastocladiomycota and Kickxellomycotina, as well as four species of Mucoromycotina have their genomes available The molecular revolution has transformed our understanding of (based on available online searches and the list at http://www.
    [Show full text]
  • Thermophilic Fungi: Taxonomy and Biogeography
    Journal of Agricultural Technology Thermophilic Fungi: Taxonomy and Biogeography Raj Kumar Salar1* and K.R. Aneja2 1Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa – 125 055, India 2Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra – 136 119, India Salar, R. K. and Aneja, K.R. (2007) Thermophilic Fungi: Taxonomy and Biogeography. Journal of Agricultural Technology 3(1): 77-107. A critical reappraisal of taxonomic status of known thermophilic fungi indicating their natural occurrence and methods of isolation and culture was undertaken. Altogether forty-two species of thermophilic fungi viz., five belonging to Zygomycetes, twenty-three to Ascomycetes and fourteen to Deuteromycetes (Anamorphic Fungi) are described. The taxa delt with are those most commonly cited in the literature of fundamental and applied work. Latest legal valid names for all the taxa have been used. A key for the identification of thermophilic fungi is given. Data on geographical distribution and habitat for each isolate is also provided. The specimens deposited at IMI bear IMI number/s. The document is a sound footing for future work of indentification and nomenclatural interests. To solve residual problems related to nomenclatural status, further taxonomic work is however needed. Key Words: Biodiversity, ecology, identification key, taxonomic description, status, thermophile Introduction Thermophilic fungi are a small assemblage in eukaryota that have a unique mechanism of growing at elevated temperature extending up to 60 to 62°C. During the last four decades many species of thermophilic fungi sporulating at 45oC have been reported. The species included in this account are only those which are thermophilic in the sense of Cooney and Emerson (1964).
    [Show full text]
  • Amplicon-Based Sequencing of Soil Fungi from Wood Preservative Test Sites
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 18 October 2017 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01997 Amplicon-Based Sequencing of Soil Fungi from Wood Preservative Test Sites Grant T. Kirker 1*, Amy B. Bishell 1, Michelle A. Jusino 2, Jonathan M. Palmer 2, William J. Hickey 3 and Daniel L. Lindner 2 1 FPL, United States Department of Agriculture-Forest Service (USDA-FS), Durability and Wood Protection, Madison, WI, United States, 2 NRS, United States Department of Agriculture-Forest Service (USDA-FS), Center for Forest Mycology Research, Madison, WI, United States, 3 Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States Soil samples were collected from field sites in two AWPA (American Wood Protection Association) wood decay hazard zones in North America. Two field plots at each site were exposed to differing preservative chemistries via in-ground installations of treated wood stakes for approximately 50 years. The purpose of this study is to characterize soil fungal species and to determine if long term exposure to various wood preservatives impacts soil fungal community composition. Soil fungal communities were compared using amplicon-based DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region of the rDNA array. Data show that soil fungal community composition differs significantly Edited by: Florence Abram, between the two sites and that long-term exposure to different preservative chemistries National University of Ireland Galway, is correlated with different species composition of soil fungi. However, chemical analyses Ireland using ICP-OES found levels of select residual preservative actives (copper, chromium and Reviewed by: Seung Gu Shin, arsenic) to be similar to naturally occurring levels in unexposed areas.
    [Show full text]
  • The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231610049 The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes Article in Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology · September 2012 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x · Source: PubMed CITATIONS READS 961 2,825 25 authors, including: Sina M Adl Alastair Simpson University of Saskatchewan Dalhousie University 118 PUBLICATIONS 8,522 CITATIONS 264 PUBLICATIONS 10,739 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Christopher E Lane David Bass University of Rhode Island Natural History Museum, London 82 PUBLICATIONS 6,233 CITATIONS 464 PUBLICATIONS 7,765 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Biodiversity and ecology of soil taste amoeba View project Predator control of diversity View project All content following this page was uploaded by Smirnov Alexey on 25 October 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. The Journal of Published by the International Society of Eukaryotic Microbiology Protistologists J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 59(5), 2012 pp. 429–493 © 2012 The Author(s) Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology © 2012 International Society of Protistologists DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes SINA M. ADL,a,b ALASTAIR G. B. SIMPSON,b CHRISTOPHER E. LANE,c JULIUS LUKESˇ,d DAVID BASS,e SAMUEL S. BOWSER,f MATTHEW W. BROWN,g FABIEN BURKI,h MICAH DUNTHORN,i VLADIMIR HAMPL,j AARON HEISS,b MONA HOPPENRATH,k ENRIQUE LARA,l LINE LE GALL,m DENIS H. LYNN,n,1 HILARY MCMANUS,o EDWARD A. D.
    [Show full text]
  • Septal Pore Caps in Basidiomycetes Composition and Ultrastructure
    Septal Pore Caps in Basidiomycetes Composition and Ultrastructure Septal Pore Caps in Basidiomycetes Composition and Ultrastructure Septumporie-kappen in Basidiomyceten Samenstelling en Ultrastructuur (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr. J.C. Stoof, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 17 december 2007 des middags te 16.15 uur door Kenneth Gregory Anthony van Driel geboren op 31 oktober 1975 te Terneuzen Promotoren: Prof. dr. A.J. Verkleij Prof. dr. H.A.B. Wösten Co-promotoren: Dr. T. Boekhout Dr. W.H. Müller voor mijn ouders Cover design by Danny Nooren. Scanning electron micrographs of septal pore caps of Rhizoctonia solani made by Wally Müller. Printed at Ponsen & Looijen b.v., Wageningen, The Netherlands. ISBN 978-90-6464-191-6 CONTENTS Chapter 1 General Introduction 9 Chapter 2 Septal Pore Complex Morphology in the Agaricomycotina 27 (Basidiomycota) with Emphasis on the Cantharellales and Hymenochaetales Chapter 3 Laser Microdissection of Fungal Septa as Visualized by 63 Scanning Electron Microscopy Chapter 4 Enrichment of Perforate Septal Pore Caps from the 79 Basidiomycetous Fungus Rhizoctonia solani by Combined Use of French Press, Isopycnic Centrifugation, and Triton X-100 Chapter 5 SPC18, a Novel Septal Pore Cap Protein of Rhizoctonia 95 solani Residing in Septal Pore Caps and Pore-plugs Chapter 6 Summary and General Discussion 113 Samenvatting 123 Nawoord 129 List of Publications 131 Curriculum vitae 133 Chapter 1 General Introduction Kenneth G.A. van Driel*, Arend F.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from by IP: 199.133.24.106 On: Mon, 18 Sep 2017 10:43:32 Spatafora Et Al
    UC Riverside UC Riverside Previously Published Works Title The Fungal Tree of Life: from Molecular Systematics to Genome-Scale Phylogenies. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4485m01m Journal Microbiology spectrum, 5(5) ISSN 2165-0497 Authors Spatafora, Joseph W Aime, M Catherine Grigoriev, Igor V et al. Publication Date 2017-09-01 DOI 10.1128/microbiolspec.funk-0053-2016 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Fungal Tree of Life: from Molecular Systematics to Genome-Scale Phylogenies JOSEPH W. SPATAFORA,1 M. CATHERINE AIME,2 IGOR V. GRIGORIEV,3 FRANCIS MARTIN,4 JASON E. STAJICH,5 and MEREDITH BLACKWELL6 1Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331; 2Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; 3U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598; 4Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratoire d’Excellence Recherches Avancés sur la Biologie de l’Arbre et les Ecosystèmes Forestiers (ARBRE), Centre INRA-Lorraine, 54280 Champenoux, France; 5Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California–Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521; 6Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 and Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 ABSTRACT The kingdom Fungi is one of the more diverse INTRODUCTION clades of eukaryotes in terrestrial ecosystems, where they In 1996 the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was provide numerous ecological services ranging from published and marked the beginning of a new era in decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling to beneficial and antagonistic associations with plants and fungal biology (1).
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Thinking the Classification of Corticioid Fungi
    mycological research 111 (2007) 1040–1063 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres Re-thinking the classification of corticioid fungi Karl-Henrik LARSSON Go¨teborg University, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Box 461, SE 405 30 Go¨teborg, Sweden article info abstract Article history: Corticioid fungi are basidiomycetes with effused basidiomata, a smooth, merulioid or Received 30 November 2005 hydnoid hymenophore, and holobasidia. These fungi used to be classified as a single Received in revised form family, Corticiaceae, but molecular phylogenetic analyses have shown that corticioid fungi 29 June 2007 are distributed among all major clades within Agaricomycetes. There is a relative consensus Accepted 7 August 2007 concerning the higher order classification of basidiomycetes down to order. This paper Published online 16 August 2007 presents a phylogenetic classification for corticioid fungi at the family level. Fifty putative Corresponding Editor: families were identified from published phylogenies and preliminary analyses of unpub- Scott LaGreca lished sequence data. A dataset with 178 terminal taxa was compiled and subjected to phy- logenetic analyses using MP and Bayesian inference. From the analyses, 41 strongly Keywords: supported and three unsupported clades were identified. These clades are treated as fam- Agaricomycetes ilies in a Linnean hierarchical classification and each family is briefly described. Three ad- Basidiomycota ditional families not covered by the phylogenetic analyses are also included in the Molecular systematics classification. All accepted corticioid genera are either referred to one of the families or Phylogeny listed as incertae sedis. Taxonomy ª 2007 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduction develop a downward-facing basidioma.
    [Show full text]