PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, HAMBURG, N. J. 1869-1881.

HARDYSTON l\!IENIORIAL.

A HISTORY OF THE l'OWNSHIP

-A...~ THE-

NORTH PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH,

HARDYSTON, SUSSEX COUNTY,

NEW JERSEY.

BY ALANSON A. HAINES, PASTOR.

NEWTON, N. J. NEW JERSEY HERALD PRINT. 1888. CoPYRIG..ET 18.8..8. 2-Y A. A. HAINES C-ONTENTS.

CHAPTER. PAGE.

I. lNDI.AN lNH.ABITANTS AND PIONEER SETILERS 7 11. SOME EARLY SETTLERS A~1n THEIR FAMILIES 25 III. EARLY FA~llLIES CONTINUED 48 IV. REVOLUTIONARY TnrEs 69 V. IR()N MA...'iUF ACTURE . 81

VI. I-I..A..~[BURG A~"'T> S01\IE OF ITS PEOPLE 95 VII. THE SECOND :vv AR ,v ITH ENGLA...'iD ; HAMBURG AND PATERSON TrRNPIKE RoAD ; CusToMs AND LocAL HISTORY 108 VIII. l\f KX:ICAN A..."J\fD Crr1L \VARS 122 IX. EARLY CHURCHES 130 X. NoRTII HARDYSTON AND II A~IBURG PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES 146 XI. M~ISTRY OF DR. FAIRCHILD A~"'T) MR. CA~IPBELL 152 XII. NORTH CnuRcH Co:NTINUED, AND HrsToRY OF OTHER CHURCHES IX IlARDYSTON 160 XIII. REGISTER OF NORTH PRESBYTERIAN" CHURCH 174

PREFACE.

The purpose in preparing this volume has been to place in durable form such incidents of history belonging to the Town and the North Church of Hardyston as rnight be of interest to those 110,v living, as well as of value for future reference. The work is necessarily iinpe1fect, for only what is reme1nbered can be re­ corded, and many things deserving of notice have passed from n1en1ory. It is a n1atter of regret that the effort was not sooner 1nade. ()ur aged people have been rapidly passing away and n1nch that 1night have been gathered even twenty years ago is lost. \Vith gleanings fro1n all available sources it is believed that the n1ain facts of local history have been secured and are truth­ fully presented. (.;.rateful acknowledg1neut is made to kind friends for the generous aid they have given in the co111pilation of the work.

CHAPTER I.

INDIAN INH.A.BIT.Al'l..,fS .A1'TJ) FIRST SETTLERS. ,vhen the first settlers came to these regions they found them already in possession of a race of men known to ns as the American Indians, whose origin has given rise to 1nuch discussion among civilized people. Some have thought them indigenous to the land, and others that they emigrated fron1 the _old world over both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, or came down by way of Green­ land, or by Behring straits to Alaska. They have peculiarities which 1nark them as a distinct race. Their features and habits were such that they cannot be allied with any other type of men, but ren1ain separate by the1nselves. Had adventerons crews or stranded ships brought their progenitors here, hundreds and even thousands of years ago, resemblances could have been traced to the inhabitants of the old world, \Vhether they can1e from eastern _A.. sia, western Europe, or Africa. That they had been very nu1nerous, we judge from their sepulchers which are often invaded by the spade of the excavator. "\Vhere the plow turns the soil, we find every year, the stone in1plen1ents and flint arrow-heads of a prehistoric age. These are the principal Indian relics that remain to us. They are so abundant and are folmd in so 1nany localities as to prove the nun1ber and general diffusion of the old inhabitants. These stone i1nple1nents are of great variety and some of exquisite finish. They are 1nade of honestonc, jasper, chalcedony and flint. They are adapted to warlike, hunting and fishing purposes, as ,ve!l as to the rcquire1nents of con1mon life. There are arrow and lance heads, axes, some of ,vhich are grooved for handles, knives, ha1nmer stones, pestals and 111ortars. The chisels and gouges were used in peeling bark fro1n trees, and shaping the wood for purposes in \Yhich it was e1nployed. Their pipes were of various forms, s H.ARDYSTOX )IE:\IORIAL. beautifully polished, the bore being true, and they ·were fitted to a ,vooden sten1 which was orna1nented. The n1ound builders were evidently a 1nore cultivated people ,vho subsisted largely upon the products of the soil. The 1nodern Indians, when first discovered, were to some extent agricultm·al. They protected their villages by stockades and ditches, and were e:\.J)ert in many industrial pursuits. Their mats and baskets, their fishing nets and feather cloaks, have long disappeared. They had ornaments and beads, and belts decorated with wampum, 1nade with great skill and perseverance. It has been customary to speak of the Indian as the untutored savage. The habits of the Indians were different fron1 our own, but suited to the forest life they led. . From the narrations of those who lived with them, as the boys captured and adopted into their tribes and afterwards released, we may believe that their lodges were abodes of happiness and, according to their prirr1itive tastes, even of con1fort. To suppose that the_y were so inferior to ,,hite 1nen as to have no refinement of sentiinent and attraction in character and bearing, ,vould be a great 1nistake. They ,vere ,nthout a written language, but by certain 1narks and pictured signs eould convey news of victories and losses, and the numbers of their own forces and of their ene1nies on a campaign. They had their legends in poetic forn1, which they con1mitted to n1emory and handed down fro1n generation to generation, and sang around their fires. But they had no II01ner to gather these legends and clothe the1n in in1mortal verse, and tell of s01ne Indian ...~chilies or IIect..or of undying fan1e. The language of the Delawares was said, by those who under­ stood and could appreciate it, to have been poetic and beautiful. Their young braves ,vere handson1e. Their old chiefs were venerable tn appearance. TLe young were tall, erect, and moved ,vith grace­ fulness. They were agile and skillful in capturtng the game with ,·c;thich the ,voods abounded and upon which they largely fed. The fish were abundant in the strea1ns and lakes, and were taken with bone hooks, or speared at night, when they were attracted to the ,vater's surface by the waving of :flaming torches. The whites learned lessons in hunting and fishing fro111 the Indians, and made Il'-t"'DIAN IXH ABITANTS A'ID FIRST SET'I'LERS. good use of the wo_od craft they derived fro1n thern. 01u· baskets' of oak splints ·are so1ne of then1 still n1ade upon their old patterns. The Indians raised corn, pu1npkins, squaehes, beans, and other vegetables, around their lodges. These were cultivated _by their squaws and the s1naller boys, while the men prided themselves on their prowess as hunters and trappers. They planted orchards of apple, pln_n1 and cher1~y trees. In 1ny ·boyhood there were Indian orchards still bearing fruit in old age, and son1e of their descendants 1nay still be found, where a native specimen stands by itself without mixture with those of European origin. Fifty years ago there were in this neighborhood several flats called "plnn1 bottoms," that produced the red Indian fruit in great profusion. The Indians had several varieties of cherries. The berries were 1nostly growing wild, although the red raspberries see1ns to have been planted and cultivated by then1. The government of the Indians 1nay be described as si1nple and patriarchal, and the chiefs exercised their authority for the ~ood of all th~ tribe. The sentirnent of exact justice prevailed, and har1nony and good feeling were preserved. The Lenni-Lenapi, called Dela,vares, fron1_ living in the regions adjoining the ]!elaware River, are the Indians with who1n our iinrnediate territory had the most to do. In 111any respects they are the n1ost interesting of the Indian tribes known to us, fro1n their historical legends and their intercourse with the early settlers. If the historian Palfrey giYes a· correct Yiew of the Indians of Kew England, our Delawares \,ere ,astly their superiors. Their language luts been pronounced the n1ost ex­ pressive of all the Indian tongues. They claitned to have been the earliest con1ers of all the Algonquin tribes,: and were called the grandfathers of the nations. They were naturally of a peaceful disposition~ and often the arbitrators between the tribes at '\"\... ar. One re1narkable tradition of the Lenni-Lenapi survives, aud we 1nay regard it as their traditional account of the subjugation .and expulsion of the race kno,vn to us as the " Mound Builders," whose gigantic works extend along the entire length of the Ohio and }Iississippi ri,ers and are found at points in the Middle States. 10 HARDYSTON :l\IE::\fORIAL. " Hundreds of years ago," they said, " they resided in a far a"·ay country toward the "\Vest. As they journeyed tow·ard the sun, they found the c0untry east of the J\'Iississippi possessed by a people, the Allegewi, who bad 1nany large towns. A great war ensued, in which the Allegewi were defeated and fled down the Mississippi, and the Lenni-Lenapi occupied their country in comn1on with the Iroquois, or Six Nations, ,vho had followed the1n fron1 the far "\Vest." · They bad three divisions or gr~t clans, l"llown by their en1- blems of the wolf, the turtle, and the turkey, which are still distin­ guished and held by the little surviving remnant now in the far off Indian Territory. Previous to the coming of white 1nen the Delawares had greatly decreased in numbers, and many a village fire had gone out never to be re-lighted. G~eat wars had thinned the ranks of their braves and spread desolation through their forest hon1es. Diseases, some of which had been in.trodnced by Europeans, spread among them and swept away 1nany thousands. These epidemics were beyond the power of their simple ren1edies to check.. The weal11ess of the Indians, and the naturally peace­ ful and inoffensive disposition of the Delawares, were -favorable to the settlement of Northern New Jersey. They 1nanifested a friendly disposition toward the new coiners. With their o-wu numbers small and the land so wide, they were less je~Jous of intrusion than if they had been more numerous and re­ quired the whole country for their own occupation. They 1nade liberal grants of land in exchange for very trifling stuns. The early settlers purchased of thern sites for their homes, aud built their cabins without rnuch fear; ·they pursued ga1ne. on the Indian hunting grounds, and fished in their waters, visited theru in their villages, and received their visits in return. The Mi8sionary, David Brainerd, fro111 17 42 to th~ close of his labors, passed an1ong the1n in bis long tours un1nolested. The Dutch settlers were living in a1nity with them at their first settle- 1nent upon the upper Dela,vare as far back as 1680, when they journeyed inland from the IIudson River. \Ve have sorne accounts of the 1nassacre of ,•thites and tort11re of captives, but they were INDIAN INHABITANT& aND FIRST SETTLERS. 11 not usual, and the atrocities of l{ing Phillip's war in Ne,v Eng­ land, found no counterpart in the conflicts of very early times along our border. Our ancestors . su:ffered 1nost from Indian depredations during the old French_ war, when the Indians w·ere invited to massacre and plunder by the emissaries of a civilized nation. S_o, too, during the Revolutionary war, the British officer.s employed Indians in their 1nurderous w9rk, and disguised Tories led them in marauding e:\.l)editions. That the improper conduct of the whites sometimes pro.. voked to retaliation and bloodshed, does not fix any special ferocity upon those whose soil was invaded, and who, as the whites multiplied, 1night well be alarmed lest their homes should soon be -entirely lost to them. "\Ve read that, in 177 4, an unprovoked invasion of the Indian country was made by a party of land hunters. Without cause the Delaware Chief, Bald Eagle, was killed, scalped, and his body set adrift in his own e.anoe on the river. The celebrated chief Logan, whose family had been ruthlessly n1urdered, led on parties of the Delawares and Shawnees to terrible reprisals. The Indians were said to have been revengeful, but how were the whites? Torn Quick, called the Indian slayer, and avenger of the Delaware, was said to have slain i1inety-nine of the111 _in revenge for his father's death, and to have onlv regretted that he could not rnake the number an •I ~ even hundred. The great superiority of the white 1nan ,vas in th~ possession of the axe and the rifle. The woodman's axe found no competitor a1nong their stone hatchets. A white 1nan could clear his ground, ct1t and hew his logs and build his cabin-a 1nore enduring structure-in shorter time than they could cnt their poles and roof their wigwan1s. Firear1ns were deadly instrun1ents against the Indians. In the chase they gaYe the \Yhite 1nan the superiority in killing ga1ne, ,vhich grew scarcer w'ith the greater slaughter of animals. In battle the Indians had little hope of success if victory must be won against firear1ns ,,ith only bow and spear. They learned, ho,vever, to 111ake their attacks and draw the ·w-I1ite man's fire, and then rush upon hint before he could reload, and overco1ne him by force of numbers. The whites in emergency learned to hold their fire, and often by 12 HA.ROYSTON :\IE~!ORIAL. 1nerely pointing at the Indians kept the1n at bay. We read of the Indian atrocities which are on record, but we have not the full • statement of the more frequent acts of injustice and cruelty, perpetrated by the whites upon the Indians. They were doo1ned to pass away when the first settlers were permanently established, and the process began when our fathers landed and followed their trails along the strean1s and over the hills. We tread upon their graves and plow ainong their bones, but have lost the story of their lives. · The Indian population among our Sussex hills was sparse at the beginning of the eighteenth centluy, and beca111e 1nore so as 1uany withdre"'.'" into the Susquehanna country, or passed 01~ into Ohio, abandoning many of their settle1nents. Yet there were scattered com1nnnities and a few families that long ren1ained, and traces of their blood may be seen in the complexion and features of some of the n1i:x:ed race yet living a1nong us. The Indians often tamely submitted to oppression ·with a forbearance white men never exercised, although they would nourish revenge and

sometimes rise in resistance and strike back dead.Iv., blows . Edsall says in his Sussex County Centennial Address: "Ko difficulties with the red n1en are of record before 1755, or have been handed down by tradition. The settlers purchased their lands and dealt equitably with the Indians and were accorded privileges of hunting and fishing.'' Although in general on good terms with the aborigines, the settlers felt the necessity of guarding against treachery, and took precautions against hostile surprises. They placed their houses in proximity, and cut loop­ holes for musketry in the log walls. S01netin1es they stockaded about their hon1es. Women and boys, as ,,ell as 111en, \,ere practiced in the use of the rifle, and often exercised their skill effectiYely against wild beasts, as well as in preparation for the Indians. In very early tin1es Sussex county ,vas a favorite hunting ground for the India!Js, and was 1nostly covered "'\\·ith a dense forest. As by war and pestilence the tribes di1ninished in numbers, the ga1ne 1nnltiplied for the survivors, who found here all that delights the heart of the red hunter. AJnong INDIAN INHABITANTS .A..."'\T) FIRST SETTLERS. 13 the birds were geese~ ducks, wild turkeys, pigeons, partridges and quaiL The deer were so plentiful as to furnish a com111on supply of Indian food. Fish abotmded in the lakes and streams, and ,vere taken ,vith bone hooks or in nets. Oposum, otters and beavers ,vere often killed. The beavers were particu.la.rly hunted for their furs, and after white men came, the beaver skin becan1e a great article of co1nmerce. The first white settlers were greatly troubled by beasts of prey. Panthers, bears, wildcats and wolves, dwelt in the woods, and often prowled around the settlers' homes, killing sheep and calves, and even threatening men. Hnnters were compelled to keep theh~ fires. burning all night when they bivouaced on the mountains. ,v olf scalps or heads were nailed on the outside of many a cabin, a pleasing exhibition of the hunter'~ success in the chase after these ravagers. The destruction caused by a single wolf, · or a pair of wolves, for they generally went in pairs, in one night an1ong a flock of sheep would be fearful. The old wolves became exceedingly cunning to escape pursuit or to avoid the traps set for them, and the she ,volves when they had young were the :fiercest and most ravenous. The 'American gray wolf was nearly four feet long, with a bushy tail of eighteen or. twenty inches. Some overgrown speci­ mens 1night have been even larger. Although about the sa1ne height and length as the European wolf, the American was 1nore muscular and had more powerful jaws. The general color ,vas a grey, with so1ne much lighter than others. S01neti1nes a great hunt would be organized for the destruc­ tion of a single wolf, which had broken into son1e sheep fold. The hunters surrounded a large district, or a mountain side, within which they supposed the wolf was lurking, and then came in closer and closer until he "~as found. Wolves are afraid of fire, and of the human eye, and seldom attack 1nen. Large bounties were paid for killing wolves. In 1730 the N e,v Jersey Legislature passed " An act to encourage the killing of ,,ol,es and panthers." A reward of twenty shillings was paid for eYery wolf's head to the slayer; five shillings for every whelp of a ·wolf that cannot prey ; and for every panther fifteen shillings. In 1751 an a1nend1nent to this act was passed. The preamble 14 HARDYSTOX MEMORIAL. says, " \Vhereas it is found by experience that said act is not a sufficient encouragement for the killing of wolves," and the amendment. nrovided,J: that '' the further sun1.. of. .forty shillings shall be paid for every wolf killed, and fl.ye shillings for every whelp of a wolf, over and above the allowance in the first act." December, 1807, the :flock of Thomas Lawrence, of Ha1n­ bnrg, was invaded by wolves and a number of sheep killed . .. A.slate as 1820 twenty dollars were paid for a wolf's scalp; and boys who could handle a gun received two dollars for each of the wild cat's heads they brought to the Justice of the Peace. The " Squire '' cut off the ears and gave the slayer a certificate entitling him to draw his money. Wolves were on Snufftown mountain in the recollection of 1nen now living who can recall their howling at ~ ~ night. Black bears were for1nerly quite inunerous. They seldo1n attacked a man, but when standing on the defensive, would tear the dogs with their claws when they ventured near euough to be caught, or squeeze them to death with their paws. They would .sometimes come into the corn fields and devour the green corn. With their sharp claws they could very quickly climb the largest trees. Bears meat was highly estee1ned by the settle1-s .. In 1818 Peter Shafer killed a bear and three cubs in a clun1p -0£ trees, not far fron1 the big rock, in the "\V allkill, below the Haines I-louse. Near 1823 two bears were killed in the vicinity of Monroe Corner and the 1neat was divided an1ong the fan1ilies. Still later a bear was discovered on the James Scott place in the early morning by a man who was very 1nuch frightened at seeing him emerge from a hollow. The. 1nan ran back and gave the alarm. Scott's boys and others joined in the pursuit but were un­ successful. The latest bear killed in these parts was found in "\Vawayanda mountain about 1860, and his skin was 1nade into a lap robe. Deer were so plentiful in olden tin1e that they foriued a co1nmon food for the Indians. Fifty years ago they \,ere killed upon the mountain about Oak Ridge. A herd of deer ,,~as also hunted on the Blue mountain on the line of the I[a1nburg and .1\'Iilford turnpike road ·w-ithin a much more recent pel"iod. Very I~11)IAN INHABITANTS AND FIRST SETTLERS. 15 frequently they would come do,vn fro1n Pike county, and s,,i1n the Delaware, or cross upon the ice to reach our Sussex mountains. In 1836 vension was .eaten fro1n-a deer, shot within a few miles of IIamburg. . . The Indians had 1nuch skill in s1noking and dressing for preservation the skins of the aniinals they slew, and especially in preparing the buck-skin of which to a large extent their clothing was made. The furs of different animals were spread in their wigwams, or covered the dried grass of which their beds "·ere 1nade. The 1nost venomous serpents were the rattlesnakes. These abounded in some localities and were objects of dread. Yet it is wonderful, that in proportion to their numbers and power for 1nischief, these reptiles destroyed so few of the lives of the early settlers. The men sorneti1nes stripped bark fro1u young ,vhite ash trees and tied it about their legs when they went upon surveying parties, or were 1-vorking in places where they were much e:xposed. The rattlesnakes, it is said, would avoid the white ash, and if they did strike, their fangs could not penetrate beyond the bark. Immigrant families as they went through the woods in search of their ne"'· homes sometimes drove before thern their swine, who were very ravenous in devouring the snakes, and because of the fat under their skin, suffered very little when they were bitten. The Indian dwellings were huts, called wigwarns. The fran1e w·as n1ade by driving poles into the ground and bending thern over until they ca1ne together at the top. They were bound in their places by -cords of hemp or thongs of leather. Stakes \\"'ere driven to form the sides, and the roof was of bark. The early settlers had very priinitive struct1u·es, but these were great in1prove1nents upon those of the Indians. They felled trees and scored then1 for th~ walls of their cabins:, using often the bark of chestnut trees for roofing. Afterwards shingles ,vere split out of red oak trees, or pines when they could be found; but for want of nails, slabs were frequently substituted. The doors were hung without iron hinges, and the window, if any, ·was unglazed. One room constituted the house. 16 HARDYSTON l\IE:lIORIAL~ .t\.fter a little ti1ne the capacity of their dwellings ,vas doubled, by putting a second house close by, and near enough to haYe one roof cover both, leaving a passage-,vay bet,veen. So1netiines this ,vas wide enough for the storing of the far1n iinplements or even the rnnning in of a ,vagon. The doors ~being opposite, the access was easy from one room to another. These were called double houses and sadclle-bag hoitses.. My grandmother described them as common in her youth. In such a house lived Peter Coulter, and the Rntans, and the Perry family towards Vernon sixty or sev~nty years ago. John McCoy lived in such a house on the bank of the Papakating creek. There were no saw 111ills, here at the erection of the earliest fran1e houses, and all the sa\"'fed lumber had to be hauled fro1n a distance of many 1niles. The last log house in the village of llan1burg was the Sau1 Sidman house, with two rooms and two chimneys, standing near the site of Colonel Ke1nble's barn. The Indians cracked their corn in-1nortars with a pestle. The mortars were so1netimes 1nade of stone but n1ore frequently of so1ne hard wood which would not split. For this they chose the gu1n tree or s"'."eet balsam. Acquackanunck was so called by then1, meaning the place of gitm blocks. The pestle or pounder w·as of stone, ,vhich varied in length and weight. The whites were often obliged to do as the Indians before the:r had mills. Son1e old families have the stone pounders which were in use a hundred years ago by their ancestors, and which they received fron1 the Indians. Previous to 1700 fan1ilies of Hngenots, driYen fron1 ::France upon the revocation of the edict . of Nantz, and e~iled front I!olland, had settled on the IIudson at the n1outh of the ,v allkill at Esopus, or J{.ingston. By penetrating into the country they reached the mouth of the N avarsink ,vbere another colony ·was forn1ed. The name they gave the river testifies to the nationality of the settlers who conferred it, and who where once inhabitants of Navarre in France. So too, the na1ne of our principal strea1n, the Wallkill river, which was named by the Holland settlers after the river ,vaal in the Low· Lands. So W allabont bay, Brooklyn K aYy 1.,.. ard, was named fro1n the Waaloons, far1ners fron1 Ifolland. The INDIAN INHABIT.ANTS AND FIRST SErl'LERS. 17 N avasink Colony sent son1e of its farnilies over the lGttatinny 111ountain to find their homes in our part of the Wallkill Valley. Then fron1 l(ingston, by a n1ore direct route following up the ""\V allkill, fa1nilies of IIuguenots and Hollanders strayed into this -vicinity where they established themselves. The French and Dutch nan1es still linger here, aud are borne by some of our families. Of these some retain the original spelling and pronunciation, and others may be recognized in some­ ,vhat corrupted form. Thus we find names of French origin testifying to their Huguenot descent ; among whom we may place La Fountain, Ballou, Chardavoyne, Bevier, L'Hommedieu, I{oy, '-\:c. In a letter ,vritten fron1 Quebec by }I. ·de Deno1:1ville to the :French }Iinister, dated 16th Nov., 1686, the writer says: "The ::;arne 1nan from Manat told 1ne that within a short tin1e fifty or :,ixt.r n1en, IInguenots~ arrived there fro1n the Island of ~t. Christopher and Martinique, who are establishing theruselves at l\Ianat and its environs. I know that so1ne have arrived at Boston fro1n }-,ranee. There again, are people to operate as Banditti," [Docu1nentary Ilistory N. Y. 1 : 225.] S01ne of these ,vere an­ cestors of our people. In 1700 there were few if any white settlers in the territory of Sussex conn ty except in the Minisink. region bordering upon the Delaware River. They are said to have gone. there in search of minerals. .1\. road had been constructed from Pahaquarry to Esopus, a distance of one hundred miles. It was the earliest work of any considerable length constructed by Em·opeans in North ..A .. 1nerica. It is still a thoroughfare and remains an enduring 1nonun1ent cf the enterprise of the hardy Hollanders. [See Edsall's Centennial Address.] The Minisink region forms parts of New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. It includes the townships of Montague, Walpack and Sandyston in our county. vVhen vV antage · extended to the Dela,vare river it embraced a portion of the Minisink country. It ·was called by the Indians the country of the " Minsies," or separate people, because long before they separated from the Indians at Columbia and Belvidere, and passed by way of the 18 HARDYSTON MEMORIAL. lndiar. Ladder through the Water Gap to the other side of the Pohoqualin Mountain, which is a part of our Kittatinny or Blue l\tI ountain. In 1682 and succeeding years, while New Jersey was under a Quaker Governor, many persecuted Presbyterians came from Scotland to New Jersey and found their way in time to the northern part of the province. About 1730, families of English origin began to arrive in our vicinity. Some of these came from Massachusetts Bay Colony, some :from Connecticut, and others fron1 Long Island by way of Amboy and Elizabethtown. The proprietors of New Jersey encouraged immigration, with a desire to enhance the value of their lands, and held out inducements to settlers by making grants of land on easy terms. In David Brainard's diary, 8 May, 1744, he writes, "Travelled about forty-five miles to a place called Fishkill, and lodged there. Spent much of 1ny time, while riding, in prayer that God would go with 1neto the Delaware. ].,Iy heart was son1etimes ready to sink with the thoughts of 1ny work, and going alone in the wilderness, I knew not where." He crossed the Hudson, and went to Goshen in the Highlands ; and so travelled across the woods, from the IIudson to the Delaware, about a hundred miles, through a desolate and hideous country above New Jersey where were very few 8ettle1nents; in which journey lie suffered much fatigue and hardship. He visited so1ne Indians in the way, at a place called Minisink, and discoursed with then1 concerning christianity. "'Vas melancholly and disconsolate, being alone in a strange wilderness. On Saturday, May 12, came to a settlement of Irish and Dutch people, and proceeding about twelve n1iles further arrived at Sakhauwotun2", an Indian settlement [near EastonJ within the Forks of the Delaware," "28 May. Set out fro1n the Indians above the Forks of the Delaware, on a journey towards Newark, in New Jersey, accordi11g to my orders. Rode through the w"ilderness ; ,vas 1nuch fatigned with the heat; lodged at a place called Black River [now Chester, ],tlorris Co.]; was exceed­ ingly tired and worn out." "17 Feb. 1745. Preached to the w·hite people in the ,vilderness [so1newhere in vVarren Co.], upon the sunny side of a hill; had a considerable asse1nbly, consisting INJ>IAN INHABIT.ANTS AND FIRST SETTLERS. 19 of people who lived, at least 1nany of the1n, not less than thirty rniles asunder ; son1e of them came near twenty miles." Sn1ith describes Sussex Co., 1765, or twenty years later, as "a frontier, uot 111uch improved and haYing but few inhabitants," while the act of 1768 giving Sussex the right to representation in the Legislature, says, "Whereas, the counties of :Morris, Cumberland and Sussex are no~ become very populous., '-~c." When the Provincal authorities in 1709 defined the boundaries of West Jersey, they included the territory of Sussex within the limits of Burlington. When Hunterdon was formed in 1713 we belonged to that county ; when Morris, in 1738, we were included within its bounds. The. Provincial Legislature by enact- 1nent, 8th June, 1753, established the county of Sussex. The na1ne was given by Governor Jonathan Belcher in compliment to the Duke of New Castle, ,vhose family seat was in Sussex County, England. S01ne English miners fro1n Sussex, England, had also opened an iron 1nine at Andover; which they called the Su..-;sex -niine. Walpack and New-Town Townships e1nbraced nearly all of the present territory of our county until Wantage wa8 forrnedfrom New-Town,May, 1754. Hardystonfro1nNew-Town, 1762. Hardyston was n~med for Josiah Hardy, who was Gover­ nor· of New Jersey, 1761-1763. It included the present townships of \rernon and Sparta. Vernon was set off frorn it in· 1792, and Sparta in 1845. "\Vhen in 1'738 Morris county was erected, the northern part of New· Jersey began to attract attention. This region from a ren1ote period had been the favorite residence of the Indians, but the migra.tion to hunting grounds 1nore remote made their population sparse. The wise policy of the Proprietors of East N e,Y ..Jersey, under whom we now ca1ne after the county's erection, greatly promoted its early settlen1ent. Representa­ tions of the great fertility of the lands, the abundance of ga1ne, the fewness of the Indians, and the 1nany other inducements offered, were freely circulated, and ad venturous sons of the first Eui'opean settlers, as well as 1nany new coiners, turned their faces northward. The tide of im1nigration :fl.o,ved in until the people in 1750 petitioned the Provincial ....i\.uthorities to form a new i() HARDYSTON :\IE::\IORL\I.. county, and relieve them fron1 the inconvenience and expenBe of attending the courts at Morristown. The Assembly, 8th June, 1753, passed" An act for erecting the upper part of Morris county, in New Jersey, into a separate county to be called the county of Sussex, and for building a Court House and goal." The first court of justice was held November, 1753, in Jonathan ;I>ettit's house in IIardwick, near where J ohnsonsburg now is, and in which vicinity the "Log Goal" was ouilt. The courts continued here until February, 1756, when they were ordered to be held in New-Town. Henry Harelocker was a Hollander, who built a log cabin on the site of Newton, on lands of Jonathan Hampton, about the year 1750. There was not another cabin for 1niles around in -any direction. The question of location for the Court House was under discussion. The courts had been held in Hardwick near Log :1" ail, now Jo hnsonsbnrg ; Stillwater put forth strong claims for the selection; but the act of Assembly, 1761, directed the Court House to be erected upon the plantation occupied by Harelocker, doubtless through-the influence of Jonathan Hampton who o,vned the land. Several pieces of ground in the vicinity ·were donated and sold, and other dwellings were put up. This was the beginning of Newton, which was long called Sussex Court I-louse, and bore that name for four years after it was given a post office, from ~larch 20th, 1793 to July 1st, 1797. The Indians called it the " Side !Till Town," Chinkchewn1iska, in their language. !SDI.AK JIOSTILITIES. Our population was increased by the arrival of 1nany newfami­ lies, until 17 55. In this year on the 8th of July General Braddock ,,as defeated on the banks of the Monongahela river. This defeat gaYe the Indians very exalted · opinions of French power and n1artial ability, and they listened more readily to the e1nissaries sent to induce them to plunder the English settle1nents. There w·as much alarn1, and rumors can1e of the hostile disposition of the Indians, but this was not belieYed of those who had so long lived at peace with our settlers along the Delaware. Teedyuscung, the great Indian Ring, declared that they went upon the war path, not so 1nuch to please the French, as to 1naintain their own rights, and to retaliate for the wrongs they suffered. vVhite men were INDIAN INHABIT.ANTS .A~D :FIRST SETTLERS. 21 everywhere imposing upon then1, and would often induce the Indians to drink, that they 1night rob them while intoxicated, or gain their signatures to agree1nents. giving away their lands. Clain1s were often set up, founded upon agreements n1ade with Indians, who bargained away what did not belong to them,­ the white men then driving off the rightful possessors. The evic­ tion of the christian Indians from their. settlements in Burlington County, and the dishonesty of William Penn's agents, aroused at last their resentment. They felt that nothing was secure and after many council fires, war upon white men was begun. The New Jersey Legislature, alar1ned by the hostilities in Pennsylvania and the bloodshed along our western border, appointed. commis­ sioners who held a convention at Crosswicks, in 1756, and in accordance with an agreement there 1nade, a bill was passed upon the assembling of the Legislature the next year, removing some of the difficulties of which the Indians co,nplained. Among these ·were intrusions upon lands they had never sold, the insisting upon forged ~eeds, and the ruthless destruction of the deer upon which they largely depended for subsistence. This com1nission pre­ served the peace in the lower counties, but the Minisink and W ap­ ping and other Indians com1nitted twenty-seven murders on our side of the Delaware within one year frorn May, 1757, besides carrying away many captives. The alar1n ,vas so great that t,vo ter1ns of court, which was now for the first tiine removed from near J ohnsonsburg and ap­ pointed at the house of Thomas "\,Volverton in New Town, were not held, "by reason of tronbleso1ne tin1es with the Indians." tT udge VanCampen repaired to Elizabethtown, by express, to lay before the GQvernor and Council the exposed condition of Sussex County. The Provincial Authorities "authorized the erection of four block houses, 27 Dec. 1755, at suitable distances fro1n each other, near the River Dela,vare, in the County of Sussex," and ordered the enlist1nent of 250 1nen to garrison them. . W estfall's hlock house ·was the 111ost northerly, and the one at the 1nouth of the Pequest the 1nost southe~ly, with two between then1. The one in "\\-r-alpack ""as na1ned Fort N on1anock. The forts were rapidl_y built and garrisoned, and all preparations n1ade for defense. iiuch IIARI>YSTO.N :\1EMO1UAL. zeal \Yas sho,vn for enlistn1ent, and ,vith tidings of every fresh: 111urder new recruits offered the1nsel ves as avengers of their fallen conn try1nen. It is a n1atter of regret that our records of that garrison life are so 1neagre, and that ,ve have so few of the nan1es of the volunteers. This township was doubtless represented an1ong the troops who for1ned the garrisons. Parties of Indians sometin1es ca1ne in between the forts, and would attack isolated ·families, and n1urder or take the111 prisone1·s. Robert Price, the grandfather of our venerable elder Samuel <). Price, of the North Church, was long in their hands. "When a s111all boy, he ,vas taken a prisoner by the Indians at one of the 1nassacres in the Eastern States. He and his mother were 1narched off together, and she being Eomewl1at conversant with the language of the savages, soon learned fro1n their conversation and gestures that she was herself to be dispatched, and told her· son. She said to hin1 that be 111nst not cry when they killed her, or they ,vould kill hi1n too. She u1,u·ched only a few rods farther before she was killed, and the boy ,vas adopted by a squaw· w·ho had lost her 0"1!1 child a few days preYious.· Ile lived with the Indians. until he was over t,Yentv--one... .,vears old and was then rescued bv... his friends. It ,:vas a long ti1ne before lie becaine thoroughly reconciled to civilized society, and he so!nethnes expressed a desire to return to the Indians, but the feeling gradually wore aw~y. SeYeral years after his release he ren1oved to Frankford Township.'"

[Barber l.~ Ilo-\ve]. H.e died 15th ~Jan. 1782, fifty-one years of age, and is buried, ,vith ..:\.bigail, his wife, in the Plains burying ground. '-- His son John 1narried for his second wife Susannah Hover,. \Vhose father, Manuel IIover, was also captured by the Indians and

then rescued verv.., 1nuch as Robert Price above 1nentioned. So that both the grandfathers of }Ir. S. (). Price were in their boyhood ~aptives in the hands of the red 1nen. Manuel Hover, captain of 1nilitia, lived to quite an old age and told many incidents of those tronblous tin1es. Once a party of Indians had been driven off, leaving one of their nun1 her dead, and scalped. The scalp was brought into the house and hnng on a nail in a closet. At night there ,vas a great rapping at the door, bnt the in1nates could sec no JNDL\:N' ISIIA.BITANTS AND !FIRST SETTLERS. 23 one. Another night the dogs barked 1nost furiously and an at­ tack ,vas expected, but none was n1ade. They learned later that a party of Indians swan1 part ,vay across the river and then turned back ...... \.. son of Colonel Oliver Spencer, and grandson of Robert ()gden, Sr., of Ogdensburg, was, s01newhat later, captured and carried far west, ~nd thence to Canada: He ·was believed to be living, anq. great efforts were 1nade to secure his release, but this ,vas not eftected until he was a grown n1an. His return to his friends was ma_de a matter of treaty with the Indians, and through the interposition of the British authorities, "who agreed that he should he given up at tl1e request of the lTnited States govern- 1nent. In June, 1758, Governor Bernard, of New Jersey secured a conf erenee which was held at the Forks of the Delaware, near Easton, which the Indians termed the place of their " Old Council Fire." He attended, hiinself, with the con1n1issioners, and with n1agistrates and freeholders frorn both States of New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Fourteen different tribes were represented by five hundred and seven Indians who sat down in the council. Our State had already appropriated £1,60C to extinguish Indian claims, and it w·as agreed that £1,000 1nore should be added for da1nages, and the Indians should forever renounce all clai111s to lands on the east side of the river. Our frontier bv., these 1ueans was freed fro111 Indian aggression fton1 the tiine of the treaty until the war of the Revolution. Through the labors of Brainerd and the lioravian 1nissionaries, nu1nbers of the Indians had already been converted to christianity, and the ,vay ,vas now open for n1ore successful labor a1nong the111. The l{ing, Teedyuscung, ,vho had been a leader in the war, at the conference declared his purpose to settle with his people in Wyo1ning, where he would build a town such as white 1nen live in, and have ·the 1~eligion of Christ preached to the1n and the children instructed in schools. He passed.:the winter at Bethlehem, and the next spring carpenters were sent to the site of his new to·wn, ,vho built hiin a house, around which his tribe put up many of their lodges. Here lie liYed for five ·years, until his house was 24 HARDYSTON :!\iEYORI.A.L. fired at night by his treacherous enernies, the Iroquois, and the king of the Delawares ,vas burned to death. The following 1nay be regarded ·as the closing history of the Delawares: " When first discovered by the whites they were living on the banks of the Delaware river. Early in the 17th century the Dutch commenced trading with them under friendly relations. Subsequently William Penn bought large tracts of land from them, moving them inland. A war followed this . pnrcliase, the Indians · alleging they had been defrauded, but, with the assistance of the Six Nations, the whites forced them back west of the .Alleghany mountains. In 1'789 they were placed upon a reservation in Ohio, and in 1818 were moved to Missouri. Various removals followed until 1866, when they accepted lands in severalty in the Indian Territory, and gave up the tribal relation. They are now living in civilized fashion, and have become useful and prosperous citizens. They number between 1,000 and 1,100." [Enc_yclop~dia Bri ttanica --l WALLING HOUSE. 1750.

CHAPTER II.

SOME EARLY SETTLERS A...~ THEIR FAMILIES. No certain date can be given for the arrival of the first settlers within the limits of Hardyston. Several cabins were built on the site of the village of Hamburg near 174(). Colonel Isaac. Cary had already built his log house on the site of the present North Church, where his son Isaac Cary, Jlmior, was born, 1742. By 1750 there were enough Presbyterian families in the vicinity to hold religious meetings in their own dwellings. JosEPH "\VALLI~G, SR., came in very early. He O'wned a tract of land extending from the "\V allkill, and the lands of the Sharps and the Lawrences, for nearly a mile east. He lh·ed at first in a log house, but, about 1750, erected his frame dwelling. Some have called this the first frame house in Ha1nburg. ....t.\.t any 26 HARDYSTON ME::\IORI.AL. rate, it was superior to all that had preceded it, and standing on the State road, was for 1nore than a century the central landmark of the village. The house was licensed as an inn, and on ancient maps the place is designated as " W allings." It was consumed by fire in 1859 and the honse of Richard E. Edsall now stands upon its site. When General vV ashington, during the Revolutionary Vv ar, passed through from Newburg_ to .Easton, he is said to have dined at the stone house Qf_ Colonel J oh11 Hathorn, this side of "'\V arwick, · to have spent the night· in the vValling house, and the night following at New Town, where h~. ,v-as entertained by Tl16n1as ·.• Anderson, assistant Quartern1aster of ~he Co11tiilental army. 1,he roo1n is still shown in the Anderson house where he slept. The story is rather n1ythical th~t. "M1~s. "'\Vashington acco1u­ panied hin1, and a~er · breakfast walked in the garden of the Wailing house and brought back a roll of blue carded wool which had blo~ out o~ the hall, r~marking- " It was worth saving_'~ ..J osEPII "'\V ALLIXG, JR.., built what is co1n1nonly called the Samuel Riggs house, which is still standing. There he died at the age of twenty-:fonr, ·leaving three children, Francis, Joseph and Polly. The land passed ·out of their hands. ·Francis, when grown, lived at Amity, but returned for one year to lla1nburg and worked at the tanner's trade. Thev ~·ere ancestors of the allings u ,v ~ now living among us. Francis In1nan, second son of Joseph "'\V ailing, Sr., ren10Yed to liontague, and the daughter went to Western New York. S.A:\IDEL FrTz R.Al'H>OLPHremoved fro1n Piscataway, near Kew· Brunswick, and came into possession of the vV alling tract. I-le married Elizabeth IIull and lived in the ,v alling house for a few· years, and there his son J eptha was born in 1780. Sa1nuel died in his thirty-third year, and his tombstone is in Papakating graYe yard. Ilis wido,v 1narried again and had children by her second husband. IIis son ..J eptha, born in Ila1nbu1·g, died near I~een1er­ Yille in 1863. ,Jeptha's son, Sa1nuel JTitz Randolph, O\Yns the far111~ for1nerly Colonel Cary's, at the North Church where he now· resides. Reuben, son of Sa1nnel, Sr., ,-~;as Major of liilitia during the late war with England. "\Vhen a Jeyy of Sussex troops INl>IAN I~IIABITAI..'f~ A.NT> FIRST SETTLERS. 27 ,vas sent to Sandy I-Iook, he "~as in failing health, and paid quite :a sum for exemption 1noney. HEsRY Snrrso~, who had pre\-iously ren1oved frorn Long Island to Baskingridge, ca111e here in 1750. His lands lay east of the "\Valling tract extending to l\'IcAfee Valley. llis second wife was the vVidow Elizabeth Cross, supposed to have been related to the fan1ily of the celebrated I{ev-. l ohn. Cross, of Baskingridge She was a woman of some cultivation and an ardent Presbvterian., . Henry Sin1pson's son, Henry 2d, n1arried her daughter by her, first husband. Fro1n these ancestors are descended n1ost of the .Simpsons of this vicinity. They lived at first in log houses, but .after a while Henry 2d built the fran1e dwelling which was only recently taken ·clown to n1ake room for the new house of Ora Sin1pson. Henry Sirnpson 3d, ,vas born in this house 1757. lle died in 1841, on the Willia1n Edsall far1n below the mountain, where he lived. He married Marcy Pettit, who was born 1757, and died 1831. He was a Revolutionarv., soldier ancl is 1nentioned in N .. ;J . Official Register, page 753. IIis son John, at the time of his en- listn1ent, was too youp.g to serve in the ranks, and was transfered .as teamster to Captain Dunn's Tearp. Brigade . .i.1Iary, daughter of Henry 2d, ,vas born at}lcAfee , .... alley 1760, and died at Rudeville, 1851. She 1narried Ja1nes, com1nonly -called " Co by," Edsall, a Revolutionary soldier and pensioner. Is.A.AC CARY~ SR., lived in a log house which stood, as nearly as can be ascertained, on the site of the present North Church. At that tin1e 1nost of the region was an unbroken wilderness inhab­ ited 1nainly by Indians. The date of his arriv-al is unknown, but his son Isaac was born here in 17 42. Ile came into possession of at least two extensive tracts of land, one in the vicinity of hi& dwelling and the other above Upper I--Ia1nburg, or I-Iardystonville, as it is now frequently called. IIe took part, it fa supposed, in the French and Indian ,var in 1757,. and was said to haYe been an officer in the arn1y of the Re\~olutionary ,var, although his name does not appear in the Official Register a1nong the K e,Y ~Jersey troops. ]Te was kno,vn as" Old Colonel Cary," designating his Yenerable vears and his 1nilitarv- rank. E·ter,· 1nention of hhn is M ~ 28 HARDYSTON l\IElIORIAL. respectful, and we may regard him as a man of honor and piety. He was a leading man in Colonial times and exerted much influ­ ence. He was largely instrumental in the erection of the first North Church, which stood in the grave yard and always bore the name of "Cary's Meeting House." As early as 1750, Presbyterians in the vicinity held religious meetings in their own homes. "'\Vhen the matter of building a house of worship was agitated, Colonel Cary insisted that it should be on the hill above his house, and· carried his point. This state­ ment was made by the late Judge Richard R. Morris. The date of the erection of the 1neeting house is unknown, but the oldest date upon the tombstones in the yard is 1774. Colonel Cary's grave is unn1arked by any stone, but is still pointed out by his descendants and is near the old brown head­ stone of his son . . ls.AAc CARY, JR., was born in his father's log house on the site of the present North Chm"ch, February, 1742, and lived in the old house which stood .on the corner of the road until taken down by J. B. Monnell. He married Eunice Beardslee, ,v-ho was born in 1751, and who died in 1850, at the age of 98 years, at the house of Captain Goble, of Sparta, lier son-in-law. Her recollection was very distinct of many occurrences of her youth. At the time of her birth her parents were living upon Hamburg :Mountain. · There were rumors of Indian troubles, and for secur­ ity her father built a log house against the rocks, where a cave behind made a second roo1n, in which she was born. This was near where the Gate House stood in later times. The North Church lands of l$aac Cary, Jr., passed into the hands of the Beardslee family, and he removed to upper B;am burg and lived upon another tract of land inherited from his father, now constituting the Rude farms in that vicinity, and adjoining the property of Henry "\V. Couplin. Ile Ii ved in the log house which stood on the opposite side of the road from Jonathan Dymock's house. IIe had t,vo sons, John and :Mahlon, and six daughters. Maria, 1narried a Rude ; Nancy, Captain Isaac Goble; Hannah, "\Villiam Reeves, who built the Jonathan Dym­ ock house, ber.ame a lVIethodist 1ninister, and rernoYed to Newark ; INDIAN INHABITANTS A..~D FIRST SETILERS. 29 Polly married Henry Edsall, and, after his death, kept the moun­ tain turnpike gate and was the mother of Benjamin H. Edsall ; Phebe married William Osborne, a blacksmith, who changed the log house, after it came into his possession, into a blacksmith shop ; Emiline married a Heminover. Isaac Cary, Jr., was a mag­ istrate, and his headstone at the North Church reads, " Sacred to the 1nemory of Isaac Cary, Esquire, who ~iied January 18t?, 1791, aged 48 years and 11 months." CAPTAIN JoHN B. CARY, the eldest son of Isaac, Jr., was born at the North Chm·ch and lived for many years in Upper Han1- burg, until he removed to Sparta township. He co1nmanded one of the four co1npanies of the Second Sussex Militia that went to Sandy Hook in 1812. After the war he was Captain for a time of the Hamburg Cavalry Company. He married Hannah Harn­ mond, who died in 1888, aged 85 years, and is buried beside him in Sparta church yard. The Hamburg Cavalry Company was composed of young men who owned their own horses and accoutrernents. Thevu ,vore the Continental uniform with leather helmets and long horse-hair, feathers. Some of their uniforms were in existence until recently and a sword or two is yet shown. CHARLES BEARDSLEE, SR., was born in 1742 and died March 5th, 1803. He was said to have been a Revolutionary soldier, and was called "Colonel." His parents were living on the Hamburg Mountain in 1751, at the time of the birth of his sister Eunice. He lived with Colonel Cary at the North Church and is supposed to have rnarried his daughter. He was twenty years of age at the time of the birth of his son, Charles, Jr. All the Cary tract of land :finally came into the possession of his descendants. Part of the lands came to the Beardslees by inheritance, and through intermarriage, and other portions by purchase. The North Church tract, comprising fifteen hundred or more acres, is now divided into eight good sized farms. Upon. it Charles Beardslee built several houses for himself and his sons. CHARLES BEARDSLEE, JR., was born in 1762 and died in 1818. IIis wife was a Schofield. Sarnitel Beardslee, their son, ,vas born in 1813, and died in 1863. He married Sarah l{imble, born in 30 HARDYSTON MEMORIAL. 1813, and died in 18"77. They were the parents of Sarn,uel .A. Beardslee, who died in 1881, in his forty-first year. GEORGE was Captain of a Co1npany of Sussex 2d llegt., and took his co1npany to Sandy Hook during the war of 1812. He lived in the stone house on the Lantz farn1, which was co1nn1only called the "Plains farm," and upon which were the Hen1p meadow, the Potash works, and a brick kiln. He was a very active busi­ ness man. Ile engaged in iron 1nanufacture and ran a forge at Snufftown; but iron making did ·not proYe profitable, and, hi$ estat~ becoming involved, he sold ont and re1noved in 1837, with all his family, to Michigan. ~Jon~lived in the Samuel :F. Randolphhouse,andkepta tavern. He married Susan Carv., for his. second wife. ~t\fter his death she kept the public house for 1nany years. I-Iis son Beverly lived in the old parsonage, now the sexton's house, built in 1788, and 1nar­ ried Ann, daughter of Captain Christopher Longstreet. Beverly was drowned in Lake Grinnell while fishing. Ed,vard, another son, Ii ved on the Darrah place until he remoYed ,vest. Sibella, a daughter, 1narried Joseph Linn, who kept store at Monroe Corners. The sign painted on the house, "llonroe Store, ~, ga,e na1ne to the cross roads. Another daughter 1narried one of the ,v ellings, of "\Var,vick. MoRRisox liYed 011 the far1n o,,ned by ~Judge Haines for 1nany years, and now by Edward Case. He built the house and cleared the fields, which were then thickly covered ,vith ti1nber. SAlILEL lived on the Peter \Vilson farm and built the house. His wife was Hannah, daughter of }'Iajor Blain, of Orange county. Their daughter .i\.bbey married Thomas L. ,vnson. J AlIES lived in the olcl house yet standing near the }.,o,Yler homestead. Tno:\rAs was an elder in the North Church, and 1narried ltachel, daughter of Ebenezer Tuttle. They were church 1nen1- bcrs previous to the separation of Sparta and the North Church~ in 1819. Their home ,vas on the J)en1arest farm, cast fronL Tuttle's Corner, in Lafayette to,vnship. They removed in 1831. EnExEZER TuTrLE owned the l\Iark Congleton far1n and liYed in a house ·w'11ich was burned, near ~Ionroe Corne1~. IIe INDIAN INHABITANTS AND FIRST SETTLERS. :11 united w"ith the church in 1820 and died in 1834. I-Iis son Sauruel 1narried Lydia., daughter of Jan1es Hopkins, and lived at the Big Spring on the :far1n his wife inherited, where he built the stone house. He sold the place to his brother-in-law, Jacob l{.hnhle~ and bought the Zebulon Sutton, no,v Rutherford farm, near Franklin Fm~nace. He was an Elder of the North Church fro1Y1 1823 until his death in 1861. His wife died in 1868. .J A:\IES HAlIILTox was born at sea. He was a young 1na11, a carpenter in Philadelphia, during the Revolutionary war. After the capture of the city, in 1777, by the ene1ny, he was claiiued as a British subject and taken forcibly to a 1nan-of-war anchored in . the river. One night he tied his clothes together and threw hint­ self, with his bundle, into the water. The current was so swift that he lost his clothes and reached the shore naked, but he went into the town and climbed up by the window of his boarding house and reached his own room. In the rnorning when the woman, who· had charge of the roo1n, entered, she was surprised to find the bed occupied. I-le asked her to bring him a suit of his clothes and to say nothing about hiin. I-le escaped, and ca111e to Orange Co. to a ~Irs. Hinchman's house...... \. troop of tories and British can1e in ptu~suit of hiin. Mrs. Hinch1nan concealed hint in a large barrel over which she spread flax, and then prepared a good dinner for the troopers, with plenty of cider, and the}~ went away without discovering the fugitive prisoner. After the w·ar, Hamilton worked at his trade, and, going to Frankford, n1et and 1narried Sarah Price, daughter of Francis Price, aud grandaughter of Robert, who was captured by the Indians. ...i\.fter the birth of his son Benjamin, he engaged to build a grist 1nill near the Dela­ ware RiYer. He built a log house in a lonely place which he had selected, but had no 1naterials for ,vindo,v or door. IIere he had to leave his wife and child for days while he went away to his ,vork. She closed the entrance at night with her table and a bed quilt. She was frequently awakened in terror .by the ,Yolves which carr1e prowling around the cabin, but they never broke the feeble barrier. ,J a111es Ha1nilton built the Lawrence 1nansion, 1794. The eldest son, born in 1781, was nan1ed for an uncle, Benjarnin, in Philadelphia, who sent 1noney to pay for his school- 32 HARDYSTON MEMORIAL. ing. He conducted many suits at law in Justices Courts, and be­ came Brigadier General of Militia and had a prominent part at the general trainings, which were formerly held ~very year. He was a member of the Legislature, and for several years represented Sussex in the State Council. He died in 1864. His wife was Sally Edsall, who died in 1874, in the 95th year of her age. She was a woman of remarkable ability of mind and of attractive character. She retained her memory to the last, and we are in­ debted to her for much information respecting olden times. CoL. RoBERT HAJITTI,'l'ON, their son, was member of Congress; and Major Fowler Hamilton, another son, showed great gallantry in the ~fexican war, and died soon after in Texas, while on mili­ tary service. Benjamin Hamilton, Jr., practiced la\v in Newton, was a member of the Legislature, and died in early manhood. FRA..:.~c1s HA"l\CTLTO:N, another son of James, was named for his 1nother's father. He married the eldest daughter of Joseph Sharp, Jr., Nancy (or Anne), who was brought up by her grandmother, Grace Sharp, the Quakeress, who gave them a large sun1 of n1oney to purchase the farm where they lived. This farm was purchased by Dr. Samuel Fowler, sometj.mepreviously, for$S per acre. Peter Fountain worked it for him for a number of years and never owned a horse during that time, using oxen. Dr. },,ow­ ler sold it for $22 per acre ; and in 1nore recent times it has been valued as high as $120 per acre. . Esther Hamilton, daughter of James, 1narried Colonel Joseph E. Edsall. Tho·mas Hamilton, another son, lived in Hamburg and 1nar­ ried Elizabeth Hoffman, (familiarly called Aunt Betsy), a won1an noted for her kindness of heart and earnest piety. MICHAEL RoRICK was of Dutch descent. He was born ....·\:pril 10th, 1749, in Bergen County, and came to Franklin Furnace about 1765, in the employ of the men who built and ran the earl­ iest forge there. He was then but seventeen years old, and dro,e an ox team for carting around the forge. By careful saving he gathered a little property, and some years later secured a tract of wild land, embracing several hundred acres, on the west bank of the ,v allkill, aboYe the forge. He lived at first in a log house, but INDIAN INHABIT.ANTS AND FIRST SETTLERS. 33 after,,ards built the fran1e dwelling which stood an hundred years, and was burned after the construction of the N. Y., Susquehanna '-~ Western Railroad, which ran beside it. The house was at that tin1e occupied by his grandson, Samuel Losey, who inherits that portion of the ho1nestead farm. Michael Rorick, in 1774, 1narried Lucretia Har9-in, who was born in Massachusetts, February 21st, 1752. The region around their horne was a vast forest, with the exception of the little clear­ ing· where there had been a small Indian settlement, and within which their house was erected. An old Indian trail crossed the Kill at what i.; still called" The Ford," where the water is shal­ low and runs with nearly a uniform depth over a pebbly bottom It then passed along up the stream on the edge of the meadow and upland, very near where the road was formerly located. The trails were very narrow foot-paths, where the Indians walked in single file, one behind another ; for it is said they never "'."eut two abreast., and so disturbed as little as possible the foliage along their foot-paths. Traces of_ the Indian occupation 1nay still be seen in the fruit trees, son1e of which, planted by them, are yet, after all these years, standing and bearing in their season blosso1ns and fruit. The apples are of peculiar variety, the plums of the conunon red sort, ,vhile the cherries are of three kinds­ red, yellow and black. It was with difficulty Rorick could preserve his sheep fron1 the attack of wolves which abounded in the country. To save his flock, he constructed caves in the side hill into which they were driven at night. One 111orning, at break of day, the cry of the ,volves was heard just opposite the house, and one of the men ran out and fired at the1n. They fie~ to the kill and passed over it in t\vo or three ju1nps, 1naking the ,vater fl.r and shaking then1selves fro1n the wet as soon as they were over, when they started for the 111ountain on the east side. .l\ hunt was organized by several 1nen, who saw nothing that day of the w·olves, but killed a bear and seYeral ,vild cats in Bear Swamp, then an alrnost i1npenetrable jungle on the n1ountain near the Losey pond. The passage way for \\·ild beasts fro1n the "\Vild Cat ]\fountain to the ~Iunson moun­ tain see1ned to run very near the house, and fr~qnently the cry of ,.J·>4- . llARDYSTON ::\IEMORIAL. the pauther, as "rell as the how-I of the wolf, ,vas heard at night. The Indians were occasional visitors for years after the set­ tle1nent...... \ rock on the vVild Cat Mountain, ,vhose top overhangs jts base, ,vas occasionally the halting place at night for their ,,~arriors and hunters. One day a warrior, decorated with red paint and naked to the ,vaist, presented himself at the door with a demand for food. He said he would tell them where there was a lead 1nine if they would feed hiin. ,vhen his hunger was ap­ peased, he said the 1nine was under a clun1p of trees in the bend of the river. No searching has ever yet bee~ able to verify the saying, of the Indian. ;-llichael and his wife ,vere Yery exemplary in their lives and firn1 in their religious belief. Their four. $ODS and six daughters, ,Yho survived childho<;>.d, were ti·ained in the knowledge of the Scriptln·es and to follow their godly exan1ple .. The parents ,vere a1nong the ten-corporate 111embers who formed the Franklin Bap­ ist Church at its organization, December 11th, 1S23_ "\Vhen liichael died, Oct<;>ber 28th, 1832, at th_e age of eighty­ four years, and Lucretia, September 12th, 1834, aged eighty-two, they ·were buried in the grave yard of the Franklin Church. In March, 1832, Michael put all his property into the hands of two trustees, who were to furnish.. him and his wife a good, comforta- hle and a1nple support, and divide the remainder of the incon1e au1ong his heirs apparent, while he and his wife surnved, and after their death, 1nake equal division of all his estate a1nong his children. GARRET KElIBLE's grandfather can1e £1~0111 Devonshire, Eng­ land, with bis ,vife and four sons. Three of the sons entered the ReYolntionary ar1ny, two of the1n .losing their. lives during the ,var, and the survivor afterwards settling in Virginia. '\Villiam, the youngest son, studied n1edicine and practiced in that part of Bergen County ,vhich is now Northern Passaic. lle married Elizabeth Cole, of IIolland descent, and lived at Oak Ridge. IIe had a large fa111ily of hardy children, but died himself in 1niddle life. Garret ·was born near Oak l{idge, Septen1ber 4th, 1793. He can1e to Sussex County in 1812, in his nineteenth year, and enter- I.NDL\.N lNII.Al:HT.AXTS AND FIR:,T SE'I"'fLERS. 35 ed the en1ploy of Captain George Beardslee on· his far1u · in the vicinity of the North Church. ,vben N e,v York city was threat­ ened by the ·British, during the second war, Captain Beardslee rnarched his co1npany to Sandy I-look, and young Ken1ble had the entire 111anagen1ent of the far111. This was conducted to the satis­ faction of his employer, who encouraged hin1 to bring here his n1other and her three youn~est children.. He was ren1arkable for great physical strength, and his industry and integrity made him respected by all. He n1arried, in 1818, Ann Carnes, daughter of }Iicbael and Lucretia Rorick, who was born 1795 and named by l\Irs ...A .. nn Carnes N ewinan, the blind wife of Emanuel N ewn1an, ,vho Ii ved in the J. Ludlun1 Munson house;.• After their 1nar­ riage, l\tiichael Rorick built a house for then1, and they lived upon the farn1 which J\IIrs. Ke111ble inherited fron1 him, until their death. The house and farn1 ren1ained in the fan1ily until recently. Mrs. ]{emble died in 1877, aged eighty-two years, and Garret Ke1n hle in 188-!, in hie ninety-first year. They united with the Baptist Church of Franklin in 1S24, and were estee1ned and use­ ful n1e1nbers, distinguished for consistent piety and fidelity to the Christian profession. (}arret was ordained a Deacon in 1828, and held the office until his death. ·Two brothers, named S1.ttton, of Huguenot descent, settled in . . }Iorris County before the war of the Revolution. Captain Jona- tban Sutton; the son· of one of the brothers, was in the Continental arn1y. ....\.t the close of the war he ca111e to Sparta, and from thence to Hardysto11, where he resided until his death, in 1818. Ile was an Elder in the Sparta Church. Some of his descendants imi­ gi·ated to the West and some still reside in the vicinity. ,J.AcoB SurroN, SR., son of Captain Jonathan, married IIannah l{orick, eldest daughter of J\Iichael and Lucretia Rorick. They had six sons. The eldest son, .Jfichael R., o'\\--ned a farrr1 on which he lived, one mile northeast fron1 the New Prospect School I-louse. Ile, his wife and children, were 111en1bers of the North Church. Ile was a very active n1e111ber of the congregation. Re1noving to Michigan, he died in advanced years. IIis eldest son is Rev. Dr. Ford Sutton, of New York city, a son-in-law of the late IIorace liolden, a man well known in the religious world. 36 HARDYSTON :MEMORIAL.

Jacob Sutton, Jr., lived 011 lands formerly owned by George Buckley, near N e,v Prospect School House. He married a daughter of Martin Cox, of Wantage, in 1825. They are both living at an advanced age at Monroe Corners. Jonathan Sutton, another son of Jacob, Sr., lived on the West Mountain road on the second farm from the school house. He was an active member of the North Church, a man of considerable enterprise, removed to Andover, and afterwards to Michigan. West Mountain was formerlv called Ireland. Samuel Knox came fro:w. Ireland, with his wife Rose, who united with the North Church in 1826. When there was special religious interest at the North Church, Rev. Mr. Fairchild visited them and urged their attendance upon the meetings. The wife, with her daughters, spun and wove the yarn and cloth to furnish a new suit of clothes for her husband that he ~ight attend church. One evening the father, mother, sons and daughters came for the first time to church. The house '\\"as filled, and, coming in late, they had some difficulty in finding seats. The father, and several of the sons and daughters, were converted while the series of 1neetings continued. The descendants of Sa1nuel and Rose Knox have been excellent citizens and useful in church and state. J eannett married Sau1uel Morrow, of Ha1nburg, and afterwards of ,Vantage. They edu­ cated their sons, and :five of thetn entered the legal profession and attained to high civil positions. James Scott lived at Franklin, near where Col. Samuel Fow­ ler built the stone house. He was a contractor in building the Paterson and Ha1nburg Turnpike road, and is said to have made considerable money by his contract. Scott's Hill, on the turnpike, is called after hin1. Ile invested in land and becarnc well off. He had several sons and left to each of the1n a good far1n. He gave $100 toward building the North Church, in 1813. I-Iis brother, Ben Scott, ":-as a n1an of po,ye1fnl fran1e and noted for great strength. · ·- G·.ARRETT VAK BLARC

brig.ht hopes entertained for his future success were thus suddenly., cut off. IXIHAX IXHABITANTS AND FIRST SETTLERS. -!3 I-lis eldest daughter, Anna i1fary, ,,as born 1819 and died in 18'76; a wo1nan of great goodness of heart, and cnlti~:ated 1nind, she was held in high~... esteem bv•' a ,,ide circle of friends.

LA WR ENCE MANSION---1794.

Tnol\IAS LA ,YRENcE, Esq., Judge of the Court of Co1u1non Pleas. Among the n1any who suffered great :financial losses dur­ ing our ,var for Independence were the Lawrence fa1nily, of Phil­ adelphia. For three generations they had been 1nercbants in that city, and had filled n1any public offices. One Thomas Lawrence was a 1nember of Penn's Council, and Mayor of the city w·hen the State House was built. I-Iis son Tho1nas was also Mayor five times, and his son John held the same office, it being of yearly appointinent. The Thomas who was Mayor for five years had a large place called " Clairmont," on the north side of the city. He died in 1'775, leaving three sons grown, and s01ne younger chil­ dren. It was hnpossible to keep the property together, taxes ,,ere enormous, and the family went elsewhere to seek a living. Thomas, the eldest son, came first to Princeton, ,vhere he lived for a fe,v years on a farrn. In 1784, he entered into partnership HARDYSTOS )[E:\IORL.\.L. ·with Mr. Robert Morris, of New l~ ork, but the business ·was not successful, and in Feb., 1787, he says: "The discouraging situa­ tion of commercial affairs has deterinined 1ne to retire to the conn­ try for the snpp0rt of 111y family.'' His father-in-law, Le,vis Morris, had a fanu in Sm::Eex Co., X. Jersey, called " Morrisvale." During the war Col. ~I orris ,,·as unfortunately situated, his hon1e at Morrisania, in "\V estchester Co.~ being near enough to both arinies to be in danger fro1n each. As one of the signers of the Declaration, Col. l\1orris suffered n1ost from_ tht English, and was obHged to take up so1ne \·acaut lands in Sussex Co. to provide a living for his family. Ile sent slaves to cultivate the farn1, and they _carried grain, vegetables and fruit over the 1nountai11 to }Iorrisania. It was this Sussex fanu that Col. Morris rented to his son-in-la,v, Thomas Lawtence, who was also his nephew. In May, 1787, Mr. Lawrence brought his . wife and children to Sussex Co. One of the little girls, then only seven years old, Mrs. Maria Shee, lived to tell in old age the story of the long journey in a carriage over the rough 1nountain, not then crossed by a good stage-road. In 1790, 1.Ir. Lawrence bought the property at Morrisvale of his uncle, but it did not. agree with the health of his family, so he decided to build 011 higher ground overlooking the broad 1neadovt nearer the Yillage. This he acco1nplished in 1794, and then turned his thonghts to establishing Eo1ne com1nunication with the outside ,vorld. Sussex C. H. was the only Post Office north of Morristo,vn, but, in 1795, Mr. Lawrence and others succeeded in their efforts and a Post Office was opened in the village, and the name Hamburg chosen. He kept careful accounts of arrival and departure of n1ails, ofteu carried on horse-back, and sometimes twenty-four hours behind time. It is interesting to see how an old gentle1nan of that thne treasured everything in the way of literature that he could :find. In a scrap-book he copied the verses that pleased his fancy, " An Elegy, wrote by Mr. Gray," "The Fireside, wrote by Dr. Cotton,~' show his poetical tastes, and his letters to friends and fan1ily con­ tain many criticisms on 1nodern literature. In 1813~ he purchased another far1n near the -v-illage, so that at his death, in 1823, he owned between se'\9 en and eight hundred IXDIAN INHABITA~TS AXD FffiST SE1'TLERS. -1-5 acres in the county, ,vhich property is still in possession of his descendants. Mr. Lawrence ,vas first married to Rebecca, daughter of Dr. Thomas Bond, of Philadelphia. She had two daughters, and died in Philadelphia in 1771. He then married his cousin, l\fary }!orris, whose only son was born on that 1nen1orable day, Jnly 4th, 1776. The 1nother died a 111011th later, and, in 177S, her husband 1nan·ied her sister, Catherine,.,..: Both were daughters of his uncle, Col. Lewis J\'Iorris, of ~f orrisania. The t,vo elder daughters were 1narried soon after the fan1ily came to Sussex, Mary to Gabriel Ludlum, nephew of Robert ~Ion·is; Rebecca to "\V arren de Laney, of New r~ ork. The eldest son served as Ensign in the Regular Ar1uy, and died a 1nonth after receiving his conunission as Lieutenant, in 1799. Lewis, the second son, died at the age of seventeen, in G·oshen, where he was at school. MARIA, the third daughter, was seven years old when they ca1ne to Sussex. She 1narried, in 1810, her cousin, \V ALTER Locrs SnEE, son of Gen. John Shee, of Philadelphia.· For a few years after marriage they lived in O:\.9-ford, a suburb of Philadelphia, but Mrs. Shee ,vas anxious to return to New Jersey. In 181-1, her father purchased the Beach farn1, and rented it to )\!fr. Shee. They ren1oved to this property, in I-Iamburg, which ,vas given to ]\frs. Shee by her father's will, and here she spent the rest of her life. Mr. Shee becan1e Postmaster in 1815, or soon after, and Judge of Com1non Pleas Court under five appointments, serving fro1n 1817 to 1S42, and took an active interest in county affairs. He died in 1856. His wife survived all her fa1nily, dying in the spring of 1870, as she entered her 90th year. Spending nearly all her long life in the place, she was closely identified with it, and seemed to the younger generation a connecting link with the past. In her manner she preserved the stately formality of the old school, and had no liking for modern ,vays. She never sa,v a locomotive engine, and the idea of a railroad in the place was very distasteful to her. Those who had heard her dread of it, thought it strange that on the day ground ,vas broken for the }Iidland 46 llARDYSTOX ::\IE)IORIAL. Railroad, in sight of her ,·dndow, she lay on her death bed. RrcnARD, the third son, studied surveying, and did 111 nch active work in the county. Ile lived ,nth his sister, l\irs. Shee, and died at her house in 1858. CATHARIXE, the fourth daughter, never 1narried. .After the death of her parents, she live~ in a cottage on the ~IorrisYale farn1. Her benevolence ,vas so universal, that " Aunt 1{.itty/' as she was called by all ,vho knew her, was appealed to in e,ery trouble. Her home was like a happy family in its variety of pet anirnals. Ill health obliged her to leave'' The Cottage" in her last years, which w·ere spent with her sister, l\Irs. Shee. Shecliedin 1862. \Vhen Mrs. Shee lived at Oxford, she met a young girl ,,ho had lost both parents in infancy by yellow fever. lVIrs_. Shee wrote often about this interesting young girl, and in a letter to her father said she " wished one of her brothers would come on and fall in love with her, as she would 1nake so good a wife." Iler brother Tno:MAs took her advice, ~nd was married to Janet ,vill­ son, by Bishop ,Vhite, Dec. 1st, 1813. They lived on the ~for­ risvale farm, where lirs. Lawrence died in 1821, leaYing two children, Thomas and Catherine. The son was adopted by his grandparents, and the daughter by her aunt, A'Irs. Shee. ~Ir. Lawrence lived for 1nany years with his sister, in the ~Iorris­ Yale cottage, and died at the residence of his son, in Sparta, in 1851. The youngest daughter in this La,-vrence fa1nily, SARAH, urn.r­ ried Dr. Jesse Arnell, a physician who came to Hamburg front Goshen. He practiced for a few years, and they were married in the spring of 1813. Doctor ..t\rnell died in July, 1814, and Ids -wife in the follo,ving Noven1ber. Mr. Lawrence had three other children, Jacob, "\Villia1n and Lena, ,vho died in infancy, a few years after they ca1ne to :K e-;y Jersey. Sam1.tel Beach, l\'I. D., ,vho sold to Tho1nas La,vrence, in 1805, the house and land ,vhich became the hon1e and far1n of ..Judge ""\Valter L. Shee, came with his brother, Calvin, to Hain­ burg from Parsippany, 1Iorris Co., N. J., "·here their parents, Isaac and 1.'Iary (Bigals) Beach lived. Isaac Beach died in 1831, INDIAX IXHABI'Li\.NTS AND FIRST :::-E'rl'LEitS. aged 89 years. }lis w"ife died in 1830, aged 82 years. The grandfather of Sa1nuel and Calvin Beach was Abner, and their ~ great-grandfather, Benjamin. Dr. Beach purchased lands which are described as five tracts. The first three were conveyed by ....t\.braba111 l(itchel and Benja1ni11 Lindsley to Jonathan Lindsley, in 1793. The 4th tract ,vas con­ veyed by Joseph Sharp and yVillia1n Sharp to Jonathan Lindsley, in 1796. Said four tracts ,vere conveyed to Dr. Samuel Beach by Jonathan Lindsley, in 1801. The fifth tract was the one on which the house ·was built, and is described as a part of that conveyed by heirs of Mary Alexander to Gov. Lewis Morris. vVhen Mrs. Shee made her ho1ne here, in 1814, the place "·as called " Oaklands." The two brot).iers, Sarnuel and Calvin, returned to Parsippany, ,vhere Calvin remained until his death. Dr. Samuel was a resi­ dent of Jeffersonville, Indiana, for more than twenty years. }le was born Nov. 7th, 1774, and died in the city of New York, June 1st, 1836. The brothers were related to Judge Samuel Beach Halsey, of Rockaway, and to Dr. Columbus Beach, of Beach Glen. CI-I. ..~PTEI{ III.

.E.\.RL Y SE'rfLERS ..-\SD THEIR F A:\IILIE:3-CO~'lT:\TEJ l. The Ogclens bad much influence in IIardystou, and the history of the town requires no little mention of then1. Going back to the first i1n1nigrant of the fan1ily, '\\~e find JonN OGDEx, born in Northampton, England, whose descent is traced fron1 John ()gden living in 1460. He lived in Stamford, Conn., in 1641, and con­ tracted, in 1642, ,vith the Dutch Governor, Willia1n l(ieft, to build a stone church in the fort of New Amsterdan1- The fort stocd within the precincts of the presei:it Battery, in N e\Y Y 01·k city. By grant frorr1 Governor l(ieft, with Richard Denton and others, he n1ade the settlement of Hen1pstead, L. I., in 1644. I-Ie removed to Southampton, L. I., in 1647 ; held office as J\:Iagistrate fro1n Connecticut and Ne-w Haven Colonies, and represented Southampton in the upper house of l{ing's Council, Conn. It is claimed for hi1n that Charles II gave him arn1orfol bearings w·i tlt the legend : ,; Granted to John Ogden Esquire by l{ing Charles the second, for his faithful services, to his lT nfortnnate Father, Charles the First." In 1664 he can1e to Elizabethtown, and was one of the t\,-o original patentees w·ho established the settle1nent of the to,vn. ..:\ man of sterling piety, he was frequently called "G·ood old John Ogden." Ile died Dece1nber, 1681. Five gro,vn sons acco1npa­ nied him fron1 Long Island. Jonathan, his third sou, ,vas the father of Robert Ogden 1st, and grandfather of Robert Ogden 2d. RoBERT OGnEx 2d ,,as born at Elizabethto,Yn, October 7th, 1716; married Phebe IIatfield, and had a large family of ehil­ dren. llrs. Ogden ,vas a woman of patriotic spirit, and three of )1er sons and two sons-in-la-\, "·ere in the ar1ny, and her husband EARLY SEl'TLER~ .A.ND THEIR F A:\IILIE3. 4:9 \\""as a Uonunissary during the ,var of the Revolution. Upon their re1110Yal to Sussex, she gave the nan1e of Sparta to their new ho1ne in the wilderness, expressing the wish that the youth of this vicinity 1night e1nnlate the virtues of the ancient Spartans. The nan1e has ~raveled to the village four 1niles aw·ay, at the head of the ,v allkill, whose Post Office is Sparta, while the site of the Ogden home is now known as Ogdensburg. Robert Ogden 2d filled numerous offices of honor and trust '--' under the royal govern111ent. At that time Elizabethtown was the state .seat of government. He was a member of the Provin­ cial Corincil and for seYeral years Speaker of the House of Assem­ bly. Being appointed one of the delegates from the Legislature of New Jersey to the Provincial Congress that met in New York in 1765, to protest against the Stan1p Act, he, with the chairman of the convention, refused to sign the protest and petition to the l~in~ and Parlia1nent, upon the ground that it should be trans- 111 itted to the Provinci~l ....t\.sse1n bly, and tl1rough it be presented to the (-i--oYerrnnent of (i-reat Britain. This so displeased his con­ stitnents that he \,as burned in effigy on his return hoine. He .conYened the ...:'\.sscu1 bly and resigned his Speakership and tnem­ bership, and in his address on the occasion said: "I trust Provi­ dence ,,ill, in due time, 1nake the rectitude of 1ny heart and my inviolable affection to 111y country appear in a fair light to the world, and that rny sole ain1 ,vas the happiness of New Jersey." '\Vhen the war of the l{evolut:ion began he took a firn1 stand on the side of freedo1n, and ,vas a 1ne1n ber of the Con1111ittee of Vig­ ilance of Elizabethtown. He was so obnoxious to the Tories that they 1nade great efforts to capture hin1. ...."1.fter the battle of Long Island and the occupation of N e\v York by the British, it was no longer ~afe for hin1 ·to re1uain in the ,icinit_y. In a letter \"\"'ritten Oct. 7th, 1·776, to his son-in-law, Colonel Frauds Barber, he says: "'Ve still continue in the old habitation, though ahnost surrounded by the regulars [British troops]. They have been on Staten Island, a n1onth on Long Island, and three weeks in possession of Ne,, ..y ork, a large part of \,hich is burned to the ground. ...t\. ,.:ery serious part of the story-out troops yesterday evacuated Bergen-carried off the stores and artillery, moved oft· as many of the inhabitants ~s could get away, and fired all the ,vheat and 50 JI AHD\."STOX )1E::\IORIAL. other grain. '' l'.~ our n1other still see111s undeter1nined whether to stay here by the stuff, or re1nove to Sussex. ....-\.. few days will deter1nine her, but perhaos in a fe,v days it 1na,y be too late to determine a 1natter of this importance." The removal was forced upon the1n ,vhen W ashingtou re­ treated through the Jerseys, and was no doubt effected soon after this letter was written. ....-\.. division of the British arnrv entered . ~ Elizabethtown Nov. 29th, and the- winter, which found Washing- ton in Morristown, found then1 in Sparta. The following letter from his son, }Iatthias, is of interest as sho,ving their residence here at the tirne of its date, and also (Jgden's connection witl1 the Coritinental army. He had years before served the l{ing's ar111y as Com111issary, \Yhen General .. A.n1herst comn1anded the royal forces ; and again :when General .....\.bercro1nbie was com111ander-in-Chief before his defeat on I..iake (-i-eor,ge. Mueh of the corresponde~1ce is still in existen~e: ~, MoRRIS To,vx, January 6, 177·7. " Honorable Birr: I send you Mr. Lowrey's letter, who, since it ,vas ,vritten, has desired 111e to inforin you that the way he does, and the n1ethod you 1nust take, is to apply to General ,v ashington; who will give a warrant for any sum of 1noney yon n1ay apply for necessary for carrying on your con1missary departn1ent. I am in­ formed there is a cou1plaint here for want of flour, and I think it hest yon should attend here yourself as soon as possible-where you will rec.,~ive l1elp front the 1nilitary by General "\Vasbington's order, to take wheat or any other necessary for the ar111y frou1 such persons as have it to spare without distressing their families. (+eneral Washington will be here about noon. Forty W aldeckers ,vere brought in yesterday by the- 111ilitia. The killed, wounded and prisoners of the enemy at Princeton were about 600; our loss of men was about ten or t,velve, and of officers six or eight, among ·which ,vas General 1.'Iercer. Fro1n yours dutifully, l\L ()GnEN ." · '' To l{obert Ogden, Esq., Sussex.'~ The fo~·ty W aldeckers were the Gern1ans, so called fron1 "\Val­ deck, ,vhence they were brought, captured January 5th, two days after the battle of Princeton, by Colonel ()liver Spencer, a son-in­ la\V of Robert Ogden, near Spri:1gfield, N. J. For his gallantry EARLY · SE'I'TLER:; A~D THEIR F.A:'\IILIES. 51 on this occasion, Srencer was re,varded with the con11nand of a regular regiinent. \Vashingtou ,vriting to Congress on the 7th of January, says: ~, The 1nost considerable skir1nish was on Sunday 1norning !_5th] \Yhen eight or ten vValdeckers were killed or ·lvounded, and the ren1ainder of the party, thirty-nine or forty, 1nade prisoners, ,vith the officers, by a force not superior in nu1nher and without receiving the least da111age." <)ne of I{obert Ogden's descendants wrote : '' l\l_y grand­ father and l1is wife, Phebe Hatfield, lived on the 1·ising ground to,\·ard the Snufftown 1nountain. He owned a great deal of land estate in this vicinity and so111e of ' Drowned Lands ' of ,vantage. There were no sawn1ills in the country when he e1oig1~ted fron1 Elizabethtown. The house was built entirely of squared logs. I ha,·e often been in the house, but before 1ny advent it ,\·as hand­ ~01llely eovered w·ith weather-boards, and wainscoted and plastered withi11. The house ·was a large one, with a hall rnnning through the centre. Four roon1s l,ere on a floor and a very large kitchen. l\Iy great-grandn1other and her sister, Bettie Ilatfield, 1nade this house audits surroundings very beautiful. There was a large lawn and garden .....\.round the lawn ,vere set rose-bushes, lilacs and syrin­ gas in regular order. The whole country \\as at that thne a dense forest. ... A .. clergy111an who was a guest of the fan1il_y when some of the on1an1ental plants were in bloon1 exclai1ned, 'Mrs. Ogden, you ha Ye 1nade the wilderness to blosso1n as the rose.' " It was this house that \vas assailed by the gang of robbers (called cowboys) ; and its an1ple cellars afforded them refreslunent and booty. The leader of the gang was Claudius Smith, who confessed to participation in the robbery when under the gallows at Goshen, N. Y ., ,vhere he suffered for his nurnerous crimes ,January 22d, 1779. It was a very cold· night. A. color€d girl said that as she ,,as 111ilking, she Eaw a 1nan raise his head fron1 behind a log not far f ron1 the houEe. But the f an1ilr ·were not alarn1ed, as there were guards at a station two n1iles away, and they thought then1sel \~es safe fron1 the Tories. The miscreants robbed tl1e house of all the silver, but ,Yere disappointed in not .finding the large snn1 of n1oney "\\·hich Judge Ogden was sup- 52 H.A.RDYSTO~ :UE)IORI.A.L. posed to have received for purchasing provisions for the Conti­ nental ariny. They drank freely of some whiskey kept in the cellar, were thro,v.n off their guard, and found that they ,vere recognized. One n1an said, "Judge, I have had many a good n1eal in your house before this." Wh~n they had ransacked everything and collected their booty, they took hiin, with the big family Bible, down into the cellar, and threatened to kill him if he did not take a solemn oath never to divulge who they were, or seek their punishment. Mrs. Ogden shrieked, thinking they were going to 1nurder hiin. The alarm was sounded next rnorning by one of the negro boys, who hid hiinself in the swamp all night, and on going out informed the guards. The troops with the neighbors gave chase. They tracked the 1nen in the snow, and saw ,vhere they had cooked and slept and thrown away so1ne blankets. .A.. silver sugar bowl which had been dropped was found. This is still in the possession of one of Ivir. Ogden's descendants, a lady of the Oliver Spencer farnily, living in Ohio. More of the hidd~n plunder was afterwards recovered, but the Judge_ so regarded his oath that he refused to authorize any proceedings ~o-ainst his spoilers. I-le had his house barricaded, and was not afterwards disturbed. ....\..ccording to the date upon the chimney, this house was built in 1777, in the spring and s1unn1er after Mr. ()gden's re1noval here. It was destroyed by fh·e in 1845. Here we find the ger1n of the Sparta Church. The record of legal organization at the County Clerk's office styles it, "the dwelling house of Rob. Ogden, Esq., the present and 1nost usual place of meeting of said congregation." Here its owner and his pious wife would gather their tenants and neighbors for divine ,,·orship, he hiinself leading the services on the Sabbath when no clergyn1an \V"as present. The New Jersey Legislature on March 10, 17S6, passed an act for the incorporation of religious societies. This chnrct1 ,vas the first to avail itself of the new law, and, asso­ ciated \\"ith the congregation of Cary's lieeting IIonse, they as­ su1ned the name of" The First Presbyterian Cl1urch in Hardyston," N ove1n ber 23d, 1786. Steps had been· previously taken towards the erection of a 1neeting house. Snow was on the ground in EARLY SETTLERS AND THEIR F A.~IILIES. 53 the spring of 1786, when the first tin1ber was cut. Judge Ogden died January 21st, 1787, in his 71st year. Before the con1pletion of the new n1eeting house, he was laid to rest a little in its rear. Before his re1noval to Sussex he had long been an Elder in the Elizabethtown church, and was a mem­ ber of the Synod of New York and Philadelphia, 1763 and 1766. fiis lands extended fro1n the head of the Wallkill to Franklin Furnace, ,vith large tracts of 1nountain land. Ogden Mine was worked in 1762, and nan1ed for hin1. The zinc mines were opened long after his death, upon lands once his. He owned por­ tions of the "\V allkill Drowned Lands. The turnpike bridge across the "'\Vallkill, a mile and a half north of Hamburg, has always been called " Ogden's Bridge." Mrs. Phebe Ogden survived her husband and died December :2:2, 179'3. I-Ier remains ,vere buried beside his in the Sparta church vard. L

Fron1 Ilistory of the Cliosophic Society . .Memoir of RoBERT OGDEN. By the Hon. Daniel IIaines,_ .....\.seociat~ ,Justice o-f the Supreme

Court of New J ersev., . I{obert Ogden, Jr., one of the founders of the Cliosophic So­ ciety, was the great-grandson of Jonathan Ogden~ who was one of the original associates of the "Elizabethtown purchase," and who died in 1732, at the age of eighty-six. ()f his grandfather, Robert Ogden, but little is known by the present generation, except that he was one of a long line of pious ancestry. His father, Robert Ogden, Sr., resided at the old borough of Elizabeth, N. J., and filled with ability and :fidelity, sev-eral offices of honor and trust ; a111ong others, that of Surrogate for the Coun­ ty of Essex. Ile was one of the King's counsellors, and for sev­ eral years speaker of the I-Iouse of Assembly. During the ,var of the Revolution, he was one of the three ,vho co1nposed the Patriots' Committee of Vigilance for the. town. During the struggle, he retired to Sparta, in the County of Sussex, where he continued a life of usefulness, to both church and state, until the year 1787, when he died, at the full age of three score .,years and ten . 54: IIARDYtiTO.N )IE:\IORL-\L. Robert Ogden, Jr., was born at Elizabethto,vn, on the 23d of March, 1746. He entered the college of New Jersey at the age of sixteen, and graduated in 1765, at the age of nineteen years. "\Vhile a 1nember of College, he united with "'\Villiam Patterson, Luther Martin, Oliver Ellsworth and Tapping Reeve, in the for­ mation of the Oliosophic Society, then known by the name of the " ,v ell-Meaning Society." · He chose the profession of the law, and pursued his prepara­ tory course under the direction of that distinguished jurist and eminent statesman, Richard Stockton, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Ha-ring completed his tern1 of clerkship, Mr. Ogden was ad- 1nitted to the bar, and received" a license to practice law in all the courts of New Jersey, on the 21st June, 1770.'' In Apr~l, 1772, Governor Franklin showed his confidence in his ability and integrity by appointing biin " One of the Surro­ gates of New Jersey, in the room and stead of his father Robert Ogden, Senior, resigned." He opened his law office at Elizabethtown, and soon acquired an extensive and lucrative practice, and tlte na1ne par excellence of the ,; Honest Lawyer.~:- In such esteem was he held that, within ten years after his ad1nission to the bar, he was called to the degree of Sergeant-at-Law, tJ.ien held by twelve only of the rnost learned and upright counsellors. During the war with Great Britain he took an active and ~ efficient part, and by his energy and 1neans contributed much to the establishment of A1nerican independence. In patriotism and valor he was not surpassed even by his brother, General Matthias ()gden, who was wounded at the storming of the heights of Quebec, and subsequently distinguished for 1nilitary skill and per­ sonal daring in many battle-fields of the Re-volution. But Prov­ idence denied to him the honors of the field. His right arm hav­ ing been disabled by a fall in childhood, he could neither wield a sword nor handle a musket, but he rendered good service in the capacity of Quartermaster and Oo1nmissary of stores. He gave his tiine and his talents, spent his n1oney and pledged his credit freely to supply the suffering arrny of ,vashington with subsist­ ence, clothing, horses, and transportation. I-Iis readiness and abil­ ity to do this will be shown by the following incident: His brother, Captain Aaron Ogden, afterwards Colonel, and Governor of New .Jersey, one of the aides-de-can1p of General Lafayette, ,vas summoned to the tent of that distinguished and beloved patriot and friend of American liberty. On his appearing at the tent, the 1Iarquis said, " Captain Ogden, have you a good horse ~" EARLY SETTLERS AXD THEIR FA.::\ULIES. " No, 8ir,'' replied the Captain, '' but my brother l{obert has." "Get one," said the con1mander, "and select twenty-five 1nen as escort. Let the1n be well mounted, and equipped in the best n1anner, and report to 1ne at twelve o'clock, for a delicate and im­ portant service." At the hour named, Captain Ogden, with the escort, appeared n1ounted and equipped as ordered. He was then instructed to bear a :flag of truce to the British officer in command at Paulus Hook, with the verbal message to Sir H_enry Clinton, whose headquarters were in the city of New York, proposing to exchange Major Andre for the traitor Arnold. This proposition, as is well known, ·was rejected ; but the gallant Captain who bore it, and the Commissary who furnished the horses and equipments, then so in1portant in the in1poverished condition of the country, alike received the commendations of Lafayette and Washington. ....-Vter the establishment of American independence, Mr. Ogden resu1ned his profession at Elizabeth, and practiced law with great success, until the state of his health required his rernoval to a place beyond the in:fiuence of the sea air ; and he retired to a farn1 in Sussex, [spring of 1786] which on the death of his father descended to hin1. There he lived in dignity, but not in idleness. There he increased the fertility of the soil, and cultiv·ated the graces of the head and of the heart. There he acted the part of a wise counsellor, and of a warn1 and an efficient friend. There he became a ruling elder, and one of the chief supporters of the Sparta Chuvch ; representing it in nearly every church judicatory, and being almost a standing comn1issioner to the General Assem- ~ ·- bh-.,; 1-Iaving no arnbition for political distinction, he declined all public offices. And, except in the representation of the county in the State Legislature, on one or 1nore occasions, he adhered to the 1naxin1, " The post of honor is the private station." At the close of his life, not forgetting his Alma Mater, he left a legacy to the college of New Jersey~ which was more than a tenth part of the residuun1 of his estate, reduced in value as it was by great and general co1nn1ercial depression. The last year of his life he spent with one of his daughters [Mrs. ~Iary Haines] at Harnburg, in the county of Sussex, and died on the 14:th of February, 1826, a few days before the con1- pletion of his eightieth year, in the Lawrence house. )Ir. Ogden was a fine scholar, and kept up his classieal read­ ing, and ,vas delighted ,vith the exercise, now so generally in dis­ use, of capping verses of Greek and Latin poetry ; a pleasure, however, in which in the later part of his life, he could seldom indulge for the ,vant of a competitor. 56 HA.RDYSTOS :ME:lIORIAL. IIis taste for English literature was also 1narked, and his let­ ters and all his writings exhibit n1uch strength of thought, and are decidedly _,__!\.ddisonian in style. To the close of his life he was ?fa 1nost cheerful ternper, and a delightful and instructive companion. He especially enjoyed the society of the young and n:~ade them seek and enjoy his. He reared a large family of children and left a _very numerous posterity, who have moved in vario~s spheres in different sections of our country; 1nany of then1 e1111~entl1 suc­ cessful in public and private life; and many now walking 1n ~he pious steps of their ancestors,·realizing the truth of the promise, "' I will be a God unto thee and to thy seed after thee." l\Ir. Ogden's pay for subsistence furnished the ar1ny was much of it in Continental money (worthless at the end of the war), which was kept in an old trunk in a garret until finally scattered and lost. His house in Sussex Co. is still standing. It wa.s built by Mr. IIoagland. "\Vhen asthma drove him from the sea-board, he relinquished to his brother -4.\.aron a fine law practice. They exchanged properties, a!::.d he ·received lands in Sussex county, for others in Elizabethtown and vicinity. H.is final re- 111oval to Sussex ,vas near the spring of 1786...... \. deed from his father, Robert Ogden, Sr., conveys ten acres of land for the con­ sideration of £250 proclan1ation n1oney of New Jersey. The de­ scription says : "All that 1Iessuage, Tenement & Tract of Land on which the said Robert Ogden Junior now lives, Beginning at a stake on the west side of the Road leading to the New Meeting Ilouse.'' In the fall of 1776 he was obliged to remove his family to Morristown for safety fron1 the raids of the British troops and Tories who came over fron1 Staten Island. In 1777 he took them to Turkey, now· New Pro-vidence, in Union county, where be resided until near the close of the war. His first wife was Sarah Platt, daughter of Ebenezer Platt, of Huntington, L. I. Their children were Elizabeth Platt, wife of Colonel Joseph ,Tackson, of I{ockaway; Robert ()gden 4th, who re1noved to New Orleans, a lawyer of distinction and Judge of the Supren1e Court of Louisi­ ana ; )Iary, ,vife of Elias Haines ; Jeremiah, drowned in Elizabethtown creek, and Sarah Platt, wife of Cornelius Dubois, of ~ ew ) ... ork. l\Irs. Ogden died two hours after the birth of this EARLY SETTLERS AND THEIR F ..:\.l\IILIES. child. Mr. Ogden was about to try a case before the court in Newark when a messenger ca1ne with the sad announce1nent, and he .fainted in the court room. His second wife was Hannah Platt, sister of his first wife. Their children were Rebecca \Vood l:>latt, who married Doctor Samuel Fowler, of Franklin Furnace; Ilan­ nah A1nelia Jarvis, wife of Thomas C. Ryerson, Judge of the Supreme Court, of Hamburg, and afterwards of Newton; Phebe Henrietta Maria, 2d wife of Judge Thomas C. Ryerson; Zophar Platt; vVilliam Henry Augustus, and John Adams. One of his latest gifts to the Sparta church ,vas the silver co1nmunion set, presented just before his removal, in n'Iay, 1821, to Franklin~ where he 1nade his home with his son-in-law, Dr. Fowler, until his grandson, Daniel Haines, came to ILnnburg with his ,-vido,ved rnother, Mary flaines, when he went to live with them. IIe had been au Elder of the church for forty years. GENERAL lIATIHIAS OGDEN, son of l{ob0rt :..:d, born Oct. 22d, 1754, inherited hi~ father's Elizabethto,Yn residence which he made his hon1e. He was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the First I{egiment New Jersey Line, Decen1ber, 1775; was wounded in storn1ing the Heights of Quebec, December 31st of the same year; distinguished throughout the war, and made Brigadeir Gen­ eral by brevet. He was cut dow:q in the prime of life, and an1id prevailing lamentation was buried with every token of honor and affection. His tomb is in the Elizabethtown church yard, and reads: " Sacred to the memory of General Matthias Ogden, who died on the 31st day of March, 1791, aged 36 years. In him were united those various virtues of the soldier, the patriot, and the friend, which endear men to society. Distress failed not to find relief in his bounty ; unfortunate rnen, a refuge in his generosity. If 1nanly sense and dignity of mind, If social virtues liberal and refined, Nipp'd in their bloom, deserve compassion's tear, Then, reader, weep ; for Ogden's dust lies here. "\V eed his grave clean, ye men of genius, for he ,vas your kinsman. Tread lightly on his ashes, ye rnen of feeling, for he was your brother." AARON OGDEN, son of Robert Ogden 2d, w·as bor·n Dec. 3d v~s HARDYSTON ::\{E:\IORIAL. 1756. He was carefully educated, graduating at Princeton Col­ lege in 1773, in his seventeenth year. In the ,,inter of 1775 he joined a volunteer corps at Elizabethtow·n, and ,,as one of the party who captured a transport lying off Sandy Hook. The n1en embarked in shallops and row boats, boarded the ship and 111ade her their prize. She proved to be the Blne J\'Ionntain v"'" alley, of three hundred tons, loaded with coal, flour and live stock for the British troops at Boston. .£.i\.. resolution of Congress com111ended this exploit. Ogden joined the regiment, comn1anded by his brother ~fat­ thias, and actively participated in the battle of Brandywine. -....\.t Monmouth be was Brigade Major and acted as Aide to Lord Stir­ ling. By "\Vashington's personal direction, at the most critical moment of the day, he rode forward to reconnoiter, and from his report, W asbington ordered the ad-vance which determined the action. In .the charge made and the pursuit of the enen1y, he bore a conspicuous part. "\Vhen_ night came on, instead of sleeping he wrote a tender, filial letter to his father, detailing the incidents of the day. We may 1nention bis heroism at Springfield, -when his horse was shot under him ; and his saving of Ma..~well's Brigade, when a large British force from New York came over by Staten Island to destroy it. I--Ie gave .timely notice to the threatened command, but was se-verely wounded in the breast fron1 a bayonet stab by a British sentinal. In 17'79, he took part in the expedi­ tion of General J obn Sulli-van against the hostile Indians. Soon after be was appointed Captain of a company of Light Infantry in the corps of Lafayette. He ,vas ·with Lafayette in Virginia and covered his retreat, when the young lVIarquis bad nearly fallen into the grasp of Lord Corll'wallis. I-le ,,as commended by (i·en­ eral "\V ashington for '' having with his company gallantly stor1ned the left redoubt of the enemy," at l'" orktown. ....i\. ,varn1 friend­ ship grew up between him and Lafayette ; and upon the latter's visit to An1erica long after,vards, he gave honorable mention of his esteem for Ogden and his services. vVhen disn1issed fro1n the ar1ny ,Yith the other officers at :N ewbnrg, he resolved to study la--w, and carried out this reso­ lution by coining to Sussex, and spending the ,,inter at his father's EARLY SETTLERS AND THEIR :E'A~HLIES. 59 house in Ogdensburg, ,vhere he devoted his ti1ne assiduously to Blackstone. He "·as licensed as an attorney in September, 1784, the regular period of study, no doubt, being shortened in consid­ eration of his military services, and he was received upon his examination. He ,vas afterwards admitted a counsellor, and in 1'794 made Sergeant-at-Law. ·In 1797, he was appointed Colonel of the 15th U. S. Regiment, when war with France ,vas contem­ plated. He was chosen U. S. Senator in 1801, for~two years, fill­ ing an unexpired tenn. In 1812, the Federal party, having the ascendency in the State, the Legislature chose him G·overnor. While in this office, President Madison nominated hiin as a Major­ General, with the intention of giving him the com1nand of the forces operating against Canada, and his nomination ·was unani­ mously confir1ned bv the Senate. "\Vith reluctance be declined ~ u this high honor, thinking that his obligation to the party which elected him precluded hiin from acceptance. ""\Vith great modesty .he expressed his opinion that he could serve the national cause better as Governor of New Jersey than as a general on the field. He engaged in the building and running of steamboats, and sunk n1uch of his n1eans in the business and in contentions with rivals. In 1829, he removed to Jersey City, and in the winter of that year was arrested for debt in New York city and thrown into the old Provost prison, ,vhich still stands in the City llall Park, and is now called the Hall of Records. Estee1ning the debt unjust and his imprison1nent a wrong, he declined the offer of friends to settle the claim. The story of his arrest was carried to Albany, where a law ,vas passed forbidding •irr1prison1nent for debt of a Revolutionary soldier and directing his i1nmediate release. So the trusted Aide of \Vashington, the companion of Lafayette, and President of the Society of Cincinnati, had the prison doors opened for hirn. Congress gave hitn a pension, and created for hin1 the position of Cnston1 liouse officer at .Jersey City. The State of Ne,v Jersey donated lands to him along the river shore, ,vhich proYed of no great profit then, but in recent ~years these haYe risen to im1nense valne. I-le died at Jersey City in 1839, at the age of eighty-three. ELIAS OGnEx, the youngest son surviYing childhood of l{obert 60 HARDYSTOX ME::\IORIAL. 2d, born November 9th, 1763, inherited his father's ho1nestead. He was a man of great business capacity, carried on far1ning ex­ tensively, and engaged in the manufacture of iron. His forg:e was located upon the vVallkill, two miles above Franklin Furnace, -and he brought his ore from the Ogden 1nine upon the n1onn­ tain. He died at the I-Iaines house, in Hamburg, while on .a v-i.sit to Mr. Sharp, March 31st, 1805. His ,,~ife died shortly -after, and his family of young children were left to the care of their relatives. His son, JJfatthias Hatfield Ogden, was an Elder in Sparta Church, and removed to llamburg in 1832. He was clerk for the Hamburg Manufacturing Company, and lost largely by their failure. He was Justice of the Peace, and a use­ ful citizen. He had talent for singing, gave the young people in­ struction in vocal music, and led the choir in the Presbyterian meetings at the North Church and Hamburg. His home was the house which the late Dr. William H. Linn purchased and remod­ eled. While living here he lost several of his children by small­ pox, which the elder son had contracted when a clerk in New Yorke.city. He lived to a good age, 77 years, dying in Wisconsin whither he had removed, January 8th, 1870. William .Anderson, another son of Elias Ogden, continued to live in the homestead after his father's death. Henry J✓Varren, son of Elias Ogden, was Captain in the Navy, and highly distinguished for bravery and seamanship. Thomas .Anderson, youngest son of Elias Ogden, was a Presbyterian minister ; graduated at Princeton College 1821, and Princeton Theological Seminary. A portion of Ster­ ling Hill, where are the richest zinc mines, fell to his inheritance. His father's executor sold it for five .dollars per acre, that he might meet the e:\.-penses of his education. The value of the mines was not then appreciated. Ile was licensed by Presbytery which 1net in Hamburg Church ; became pastor at Abingdon,Va., and after­ "'"ards at IIalafax, Va. ; ,,as 1nissiqnary in ~Iississippi for n1any years, and died at Elizabeth. S01-ithampton, Long Island, ,,as settled by men of Plymouth Colony, liass. Governor ,vinthrop, in his journal, states that about forty families, finding themselves straightened, left the town of Lynn, with the design of settling a ne,, plantation. They in- EARLY SETTLERS A:XD THEIR F AIDLIES. •31 vi.ted Rev. Abraham Pierson, of Boston, to be their 1ninister. The Dutch had claimed Long Island and made their settle1nents on its western end. In 1636, l{ing Charles I, regardless of the Dutch claims, gave to "\Villia1n Alexander, Earl of Stirling, a patent for Long Island, and the islands adjacent. The Earl gave a po-\ver of attorney to J an1es Farrel to dispose of his lands on Long Island. The Lynn colony was forn1ed, and an agreement was made ,-vitb Farrel, dated April 17th, 1640, for eight square miles of land to be located in any part of Long Island, and the amount to be paid to the Earl was to be fixed by Gove:rnor John ,vin­ throp, of ~.:lass. In consideration that the country was a wilder­ ness, and that the Indians pretended to have some claims to their native soil, four bushels of Indian corn, to be paid annually at Southampton on the last day of September, were considered suffi­ cient to liquidate the debt. Captain Daniel How car.ried the col­ onists to their place of destination in his vessel, and the settle­ ment at Southampton was effected in June, 1640. An amicable arrangement ,vas made with the Indians, and their rights in the eight miles square of land were purchased for sixteen coats, and three score bushels of Indian corn, with an agreement to defend the Indians fro1n the violence of other tribes. The coloi;iists had not long since emigrated from England. They were young men, some of them from Northampton, others fron1 Buckinghamshire and Lincolnshire ; but the majority com­ ing from Southampton, they gave this na1ne to the new town. Men of sterling worth and of the best class of English settlers, they formed their church organization before leaving Lynn, and erected their house of worship the second year of their settlement at Southampton. Young BENJAMIN HAINES was an1ong the first arrivals fro1n Lynn to Southampton, and is named in the original list of set­ tlers. He had recently emigrated fro1n England, and married J obanna, daughter of John Jennings, at Southold. His third son was James, born 1662, and died 1721, whose grave is in the "Hay ground yard," at Bridgehampton. Benjamin's grandson, Stephen Haines 1st, born 1704, removed in 1725 to Elizabeth­ town, where his son:- Stephen Haines 2d, was born in 1'{33. 62 II.A.RDYSTOX :\:lE:\IORI.A.L. STEPHEN HAr~Es 2d, by his patriotic efforts, rendered hin1- self very obnoxious to the British,who, after the battle of Long Island, held N e-w 1:-ork and Staten Island. Frorn the latter place boats filled with arrned 1nen would come over to make raids upon the Jersey inhabitants. One night when Stephen Haines and his ,vife were asleep in their bedroom on the ground floor of their dwelling, they were awakened by the tramp of horses outside. English troops, guided by tories, who kne,v the place well, had come over for his apprehension. -He sprang fron1 his bed to the window, but only to fi~d it guarded by a sentinal. I-le passed through another ro9m to the kitchen, thinking to escape by that door. It also "~as guarded, as well as every window. There was a back kitchen with rather an obscure door, and by that he n1ade his way to the open air. On the west of the house was a corn field, with the dry stalks standing. He sought to gain this hiding place, but was discovered as he was about to spring over the fence, and a man rushed upon hirn with a-bayonet crying, "Surrender, or die! " He was taken pris0ner and 1narched off barefoot and in his night clothes. He had three 1niles to walk in this w·ay, and ,vas then sent fifteen miles by ,,ater to New York ,v-here he ·was imprisoned in the dreadful pen the British had made of the old sugar house, ,vhich stood in Nassau street. The hardships he endured were very great, but he survived, while n1any died. He ,vas captured in the fall of the year, and ·was not released until after the battle of Monmouth, tJnne, 17"78, when the ntunerons captures by ,v ashington 1nade the British glad to effect an ex­ change of prisoners. Stephen 2d's oldest son, .JOB HA1_xEs, was t,venty years old when the ·war broke out. I-Ie was a private a1nong the " .Jersey Blues," but ,vas detailed to transport 1nerchandise fro1n Philadel­ phia. It was a great task to bring a loaded ,vagon at that tin1e from such a distance. Ile had just arrived fro1n one of his toil­ s01ne trips and ,·vas asleep in his o\vn bedroon1, ,vhe·n the house ,,;as surrounded. Sorne inforrner had notified the British of his return. IIis- only sister, .Joanna, had been extrernely ,vakefnl since her father's capture, and hearing the tran1p of ·horse1nen, sprang to her brother's door, a\\.. akened him, and hurried hi1n into EARLY SETTLERS ~'\"D THEIR .FAMILIES. 63 a smoke closet connected ,vith the kitchen chimney, where the family 1neats were cured. She locked the door and took the key. Pretending to be asleep, she did not rise until the troopers poured into the house, and then was a long time finding a light. At their order she took them through the house, opening every other door but the one to the smoke closet. They showed much disappoint­ ment, and went· away cursing the Tory who had lied to the1n. The second son, ELIAS lIArnEs, was at that time eleven years old; but, boy as he was,' he soon bad a man's responsibility in the care of their house and cattle. Their horses were stolen, and only an ox team was left. Pickets were stationed in the vicinity of Elizabethtown to ,varn the people of the coming of their oppres­ sors. "\Vheneve1~ the ,varning gun was heard, it was Elias's duty to put the oxen to the sled, and with the remaining 1nen1bers of the family and some of their goods, to start through the back lane to reach a s1nall retired house they owned at "Sodom," where they could be concealed until the i~vaders were gone. Elias became a 1nerchant in New York, and had business transactions which frequently brought him to this conntJ, where he was well known. He supplied the early stores with 1nanr of their goods, and dealt with the iron men. I-le son1ethnes visited the house of Robert Ogden 3d, and, in 1800, married his second daughter, Mary. Their house stood fronting the Battery, in Ne,Y 1 ork, near what is now the corner of '\Vhite Hall and South streets. "'\Vith partners, he ·forn1ed the design of a settle1nent in Florida, and obtained fro1n the Spanish authorities the" Aredondo Grant." I-le spent 1nuch time and money in the enterprise, but the breaking out of the Seminole war drove off the settlers, and after the territory came into the possession of the United States, the (iovern1nent refused to re-establish them in their rights, or recognize the grant given by the Spanish authorities. Elias died October 11th, 1824, at Elizabethtown. Incident given 'by the late l\lrs. Henry T. Darrah : "' ~'.Iiss Joanna I-Iaines ,,as 1ny father's sister, and ,v-as an only daughter in a family of four brothers, Job, Elias, Stephen and Daniel. Joanna gre,, up a beautiful young girl, with clearly cut features, a fine blue eye, transparent complexion with the blush of the rose on each cheek. }'Iy aunt, being an only

she came to IIan1buro-:::, to reside ,vith her son, who lived in the old EARLY SE'rrLERS .A.ND THEIR .F.A)IILIES. 65 La\Yrence 1nansio11. 8he united ,vith the North Church of IIardyston, January 21st~ 1S2·,, and continued her men1bership in it until her death, ,vhich occurred in New r~ ork city, niiay 5th, 1S52. Of earnest piety, she ,,as a 1nost useful wo1nan. By her conversation, and the gifts of books and tracts, she led many to Christ. Beloved by all who knew her, few could con1e within the circle of her influence, without recognizing the power of religion as exen1plliied in her life and character. DANIEL HAINES ,vas born in New York city, January 6th, 1801, and died January 26th,1877. His father was Elias Haines, and his 1nother was Mary~ daughter of Robert Ogden. He grad­ uated at Princeton, in 1820, studied law with J ndge Thomas C. Ryerson, and was made Attorney, in 1823, Counsellor, in 1826, and Sergeant-at-Law:, in 1827, being one of the latest to receive this distinction. Ile settled at Ha1nburg, in 1824, and soon gained a lucrative p1·actice. He 1na1~ried, in 1827, Ann Maria ..t\.ustin, daughter of Alanson ..A.ustin, Esq., of Warwick, N. Y. ,vho died Dece1nber 8th, 1844. He 1narried again, in 1865, 1Iary Townsend, of Newark, N. J. He had belonged to the Federalist party, but espousing the cause of General Jackson, carried for hhn the solid vote of his township. He entered public life as a member of the Council, (now called Senate), and in 1839 and 184C took an active part in what was known as the Broad Seal "\Var. He opposed the proceedings of the Governor and the 1najority of the Legislature, and bore the principal part of the discussion against thern. In 1843, his party having a n1ajorit.r in the Legislature, he was chosen Governor and Chancellor for the usual term of one year, but continued in office for a nu1nber of 1nonths longer until his successor was installed. His efforts in behalf of education, and a new Con­ stitution have left their impress in the ~State N or1nal School, first proposed by hin1 ; and the present Constitution of the State, which he adYocated, and as a Co1nn1issioner assisted in 1naking. I-Iis decisions gaye general satisfaction, and are rer.orded in (ireen's Chancery Reports. He declined the no1nination under the ne,v Constitution, because it would violate its spirit, as he w·as G·overnor wlien it was adopted, and one of its provisions 66 HARDYSTO:N ~IE:\:IORlA.L. was that thereafter no Governor should be re-elected to a successive term. In 1847 he was re-no1ninated and elected; by the weight of his character re-instating his party. In 1852, he was placed upon the Bench of the Supren1e Court, and served for two successive terms of seven years each. His circuit included Newark and Elizabeth. Later in life he was placed by both parties upon judicial commissions relative to State bound­ aries and the municipal affairs of Jersey City and Paterson, his great probity, judicial fairness ·and ability gave entire satis­ faction. He was thoroughly in sympathy with the Union cause. One son, Captain Thomas R. Haines, laid down his life on his country's altar~ The other son becan1e Chaplain and served three years. A son-in-law, Major Frank H. Tucker, also served in the arn1y. Judge Haines was otherwise very active, both in securing victory while the war continued, and after it was over in healing the ·wounds it had caused. ~ Ile beca1ne a 1nember of the North Hardyston Church in 1831; was made an Elder in 1837, and was often sent by the Rockaway .Presbytery to represent it in the N e\v School General Asse1ublv. He was one of the committee for the re-union ,J of the two branches of the church, and several times, at critical junctures, saved that project fron1 defeat. He was con­ nected with the establish1nent of the ....i\.sylum at Trenton ; the Honie for Disabled Soldiers at Newark ; the Reform School for J nvenile Delinquents; the National Prison Reform Congress at Cincinnati, and one of the Co1n1nissioners to organize an Inter­ n~tional Congress on Discipline and Reforn1, which 1net in London. He was 1nade Vice-President, and presided over some of its sessions in Middle Te1nple Hall. ""\Vhile abroad he received 1narked attenti~n fron1 English Judges, and other distin­ guished 1nen, of different countries. I{e ,vas the oldest Trustee of Princeton College at the time of his death, having been first appointed in 1844, resigned ·when 1nade G·overnor in 1S--1:'7, and re-chosen in 1850. One of the foremost of New· .Jersey Jurists wrote as follows : " \Vhat a beautifnl exen1plification of the Christian gentle- 1nan he was! EARLY SETTLERS AND THEIR FAl\IILIES. 67 "As a Judge be was unequalled in personal influence. IIis reputation for purity and integrity ·was such that juries followed his opinion whenever they could discern then1. Had it not been that his com1non sense n1ade him almost always right, his very excellence of character might have worked occasional wrong." "The consolation of his fa1nily can be partially found in the sense of the estimate which all good people have of the Hfetime and beauty of his character."' His remains were borne to their last resting place by a large eoncourse of ·· friends. Impressive addresses were delivered by Rev. Dr. Stearns and Dr. Craven of Newark, giving very just tributes to the me1nory of the deceased. Rev. Dr. Fair­ child, venerable in age and appearance, once .Judge Haines" pastor at Hamburg, closed the services. Governor Bed.le issued an order that the National flags on the State buildings should be displayed at half-mast, and at 2 o'clock on Tuesday the day of the funeral a salute be fired at Trenton. Di-. Irreneus Prin1e spoke of hirn in the N e,v York Ob.ser-cer .­ " It has been our pleasure to enjoy the personal acquaintance of (+ov. Haines for a long ter1n of years, and to be often associa­ ted ,,ith him in philanthropic labors. Of a remarkably quiet, gentle and devout spirit, 1nodest and unobtrusive always, yet fir1n, patient and persistent in ,vell-doing, he was upright and efficient in every public and private relation. .l\. n1an of God, hating covetousness, a 1nagistrate above reproach or suspicion, an Elder ruling well in the Presbyterian Church, he adorned every station to which he ,vas called, and by his just, generous and kindly man­ ner, won the regard and respect of all who carne into contact with hin1. He had recently been appointed a delegate to the Presby­ terian Alliance to meet in Edinburg, Scotland, next July, but he declined on account of the state of his health. He had filled the n1easure of his dav-s with usefulness and honor, but we need such n1en 1nore and 1nore as their places are n1ade vacant." The Pre8byterian Encyclopredia says of hiln: '' Useful and honored as Judge Haines ,vas in political life, he \Vas even n1ore useful and greatly beloved as a pious man. He was a n1an of prayer and constant study of the Divine word. He was very conscientious in the observ-ance of the Sabbath, and had an ardent desire for the conversion of souls. During all the years of his public life he continued to take an active part in the prayer meeting. \Vhen he was Governor, a physician of Trenton re- HARDYSTON )!E::\IORIAL. 1narked: ' I have seen a strange sight to-day-the Governor of this State go into the roo1n of a 1nan, a stranger, and kneeling at his bedside pray for his salvation.' ·' Governor Haines had great influence in private conversa­ tion, and thereby led n1any to the Saviour, s01ne of them 1ne1n­ bers of the Bar of New Jersey. ()n his last Sabbath afternoon he 1nade a list of families and persons to be prayed for and visited that week. He was a Sabbath School Superintendent for nearly half a century, and generally taught a Bible class. For forty years he made the offer of a copy of the Bible, or of some stand­ ard religious work, to every scholar committing to memory the Assembly's Shorter Catechisn1.. .r\.bout the_ year 1837 he was en­ gaged in a Sunday School work near his home, where, upon a mountain, men, women and children from the charcoal burners were gathered in a log house for religious instruction. The last Sabbath of his life he superintended his Sabbath School, taught his class and attended public services twice. He proposed to con­ duct a 1neeting in a private house on the last evening of his life, but before the hour came he was stricken with death.. Thus be brought forth fruit in old age, passing away in the still, calm beauty by which his life had been adon1ed." CHAPTER IV.

TI)IE OF THE REYOL"CTION. The nan1e 1Vallkill was given to our river by the Dutch set­ tlers at its n1outh, near Esopus, or Kingston, who called it after the River W aal, in Holland, from which they had come. The Indians nan1ed the part above the Drowned Lands Tivisch-saiv-kin, Creek. It is so marked on the map drawn fro1n the survey n1ade in. 1769, by order of the commissioners appointed to settle the partition line between the Pro-·finces of New 1:-ork and New Jersey. This is probably the sa1ne nan1e as TVis-a1.t-X~in, said to 1nean River of Grapes. The earliest bridge across the upper "\V allkill, at 1Iambnrg, ,vas in the bend at the mouth of the little brook fro1n the cream­ ery and over the island. The f onndation of this bridge may still be seen, as well as the lines of road approaching it. .A. later bridge ,,as erected a little farther up the stream, just above the big rock on the Haines farm. The stones of the abutments of this bridge still remain, as well as so1ne of the timbers which for1necl the pier under the water. Fro1n the bridge the road led past the poplar tree which marks the site of one of the three houses which stood in the meadow. T}-ie last house was standing as late as 1822, and in one of the three lived John Elridge, the grand­ father of Peter 1:~ atman, and in another, Jonathan Sharp, the great-grandfather of Doctor Jackson B. Pellet. The road passed the old houses, and by the Sbee and Lawrence store and dwellings. From the bridge in the opposite direction a road went up the hill to Sharp's· store, where it crooked to pass in front of the stone n1ill location, where two or three houses once stood; and thence by the Odell house on to Ford's, and to the Windfield log house at the foot of the 1nountain. 70 HARDYSTON MEMORIAL. The State road fro1n Newburg led past the Indian can1p to the '\V ailing house, turned by the Indian burying ground, and passing down the hill crossed the kill by the bridge. A more direct road was made, about 1795, from the Walling house to the one con1ing up fro1n the kill to Sharp's store, and it ran through the creamery garden, before the house itself was built The Indian Burying Ground covered the flat formerly in the rear of the l\'Iargernn1 house and the store of Robert A. Linn. Here for years stone implements were dug up and numerous skel­ etons. The bones of an Indian, -found here when gravel was taken for the public road, were in the pessession o-f Dr. L'Hom­ medieu. The construction of the Midland Railroad unearthed 1nany bones. Among tbern, those of a Sachem, buried with beads and a silver medal and silver bell. The site of the Indian Camp is 1narked by a great ring of ashes upon which the \vigwams once stood with their fires. The circle of ashes extended over the lots of the late Dr. "\Villiam H.

Linn and Peter Yatman. It is less distinct than in former •'"V"ear3 fro1u the cultivation and frequent plowing of the ground. The attraction for the camp was the fine spring of ,vater in the rear of the lots. Evidence of the Indian occupation was once abnn­ dan tin the large number of worked flints and the charred and broken bones of animals found in the ash heaps. The bones seemed to indicate a comparatively rece:qt occupation . ....-Vong the road, in the same field with the Indian burying ground, stood the Barracks or block-house, which was garrisoned at times during the Revolutionary war, and was the place of rendezvou~ ~ for the Second Regiment_ of Sussex Militia. The garrison was necessary to keep in awe the Tory sympathizers with the British, and to prevent the n1arauding parties of freebooters fro1n n1aking their incursions. The Second Regiment of Sussex Militia was mainly raised in Hardyston, and as most of the officers and men were from this vicinity it is deserving of especial mention. The following is the roster of its Field and Staff officers: Ephraim Martin, Colonel, lived at Sparta, John Seward, Captain, Lt.-Colonel, Colonel, at Snufftown, REVOLUTIONARY TIMES. 71 Daniel Harker,- Lt.-Colonel, at Upper Hamburg, James BroderiGk, Captain, First Major, near Sparta, Samuel Meeker, Captain, Second Major, near Ogdensburg, Joseph Linn, Adjutant, near Monroe Corners. Isaac Hull, Quarter Master. Henry Johnson, Quarter :Master. Cornelius Baldwin, Surgeon. ....~t one time when the headquarters of the American army were transferred from Morristown to Newburg, a detachment of the Continental army encamped on the meadows of the Haines and Lawrence farms. Tradition says that they remained here thoughout one entire fall. Bt1rgoyne's arn1y surrendered at Saratoga in October, 1777. B_y the ter111s of the surrender, the prisoners were to be paroled and sent hon1e by way of Boston. "\iVhen they had gone as far as Boston, General Howe exhibited considerable duplicity. General Burgoyne hesitated to give the list of the officers and men re­ quired, Congress beca111e a1ar1ned, and a resolution was passed that the prisoners sl1ould not be released until the British government had g1ven forn1al agreement to the terms of capitulation. Bur­ goyne hi1nself was permitted to return to England on parole, but his officers ·with their army were marched back to the interior of the country, as far as Pennsylvania, and some went to Virginia. On this 1narch they passed through here under guard. The pris­ oners had been as well cared for as circumstances allowed, but their unifor1ns were ragged and they presented a very shabby ap­ pearance. The Hessians were still more dejected looking. They ·were less cleanly than the English regulars, and seemed without a1nbition or hope. Some bad wives and young children with the1n, and they forn1ed a 1niserable and motley crew. They were Yery willing to abandon the profession of arms and settle in any place where they 1night live in quiet. CoLONEL JouN SEW.ARD, long the commander of the Second Regiment of Sussex Militia, lived near Snufftown on what is now the Margeru1n property. Col. Seward's father, Obadiah, ca.me fron1 Wales and settled in Somerset county, where his son was born at Lan1ington, the 23d of May, 1730. John married Mary Swezy, in 1751. They 1noved to Hardyston and his name appears 72 HARDYSTON :\IE:lIORIAL. in 1767 as a member of the Board of Chosen :I'reeholders. A soldier of the Revolution, he was at first a private of Captain ~I' Mires' Company in the First Battalion, first establishment of Jersey Line. He was then Captain of Second Regiment, Sussex troops, promoted Lieutenant-Colonel February 28th, 1777, and later to be Colonel of the same regi1nent, he did faithful service in resisting the Tories, driving off the marauding bands who~ for a time infested Snuffto·wn Monnt_ain and capturing some of them. His house was barricaded for defence. The su1n of £50 was offered by the British for his head ; and he once shot a British spy who ·was lurking with apparent evil intent in the neighbor­ hood of his house. ()ne afternoon in the woods he heard the click of a flint lock, and looked up to see an Indian who had drawn his rifle upon him, but whose ,,eapon failed to go off. I-Ie drew bis own rifle in an instant and called upon the Indian to surrender The saYage vainly sought to dodge a1~1ong the trees, but was soon rnade to yield and brought in as a prisoner. Colonel Seward's son, Doctor Sa1nuel Sw·ez_y Seward, was born in the house upon the 1nountain, practiced 1nedicine in IIar­ dyston and ""\T ernon, and after,vards re1noved to Florida, Orange Co., X. l~ ., where his distinguished son, \Villia1n Henry Seward, was born in 1801. Doctor Se·ward was at the ti1ne of his death the \Yealthiest man in Orange county. His son, George ,v ash­ ington Seward, still survives at an advanced age. CAPT.A.IX JosEPII HARKER had a farm and house near where Sa1nuel ,vnson now lives. The foundation of the house .is still to be seen near the "\V allkill, by which the road forn1erly ran. Ile recruited his company in this vicinity and belonged to the Second Sussex Regiment. \Vith a portion of his men he joined the G·oshen troops who were going to the Minisink region, and partic­ ipated in the battle of July 22d, 1779. He was wounded and sorne of his rnen "·ere killed. \Vhen he went away from home ,v-ith his company, Nathaniel Martin, of \Vantage, ,vho was then quite a lad, staid at his house to protect his family. RErrBES Mos1ER can1e to this vicinity when a boy, having, it is said, escaped with his 1nother from·an Indian massacre in which several of his fan1ily were slain. He had just gro,vn to manhood REVOLUTIONARY TIMES. 73 when the war of the Revolution broke out, and he joined Captain Joseph Harker's Co. He lived in Red Cedar Hollow in a log house, near the Widow Mitten's. His descendants by his daugh­ ters are still living in Hardyston. LIEUT.-CoLONEL DANIEL HARKER, of the Second Sussex Regi­ ment, was supposed to have owned and lived upon the :farm in Upper Hamburg, which was known as the Harker farm, but in later years belonged to Peter Fountain. After the Revolution he removed with his brother, Capt. Harker, to Stillwater, where their descendants still live. HENRY WINFIELD was a soldier of the Revolutionary Army and rose to the rank of Lieutenant. He was among the few of & detachment who were surrounded by the British during the retreat after the battle of Long Island, and escaped by swimming a mill pond that was situated about the centre of Williamsburg as it now stands. He was also engaged in a number of battles along. the Hudson, and was on duty at "'\iV est Point for some time. He is thought to have been with General vVayne at the capture of vV est Point, and his commission as Lieutenant is dated from that time. After the war, he returned and 1narried }Iary Rodgers and raised a family of children. He died in 1840 at the age of 87 years, in the house which he built, now occupied by his great­ grandson, Henry "\Vinfield Couplin. Henry vVinfield's father was one of four brothers who can1e here from Germany, and he built his house, which was uf logs, near the trout pond on the present Couplin farm. S.Al\IUEL EnsALL ca1ne from Reading, Berkshire Co., England, in the ship Tryall, in 1648, landed in Boston, and came to New Amsterdam previous to 1655 when he married his :first wife there. His knowledge of the Indian tongues made him highly estee1ned as an interpretor and negotiator between the Indians and the Dutch, and the early English settlers in New Jersey. He died soon after 1701. IIis youngest son, RICHARD, by his third wife, Ruth ,v ood­ hull, was born about 1682. A surveyor, he resided in Newtown, L. I., then at I-Iackensack, N. J., and finally in Orange Co., N. Y. Richard's third wife ,v-as Ilillegonde Del(ey, of New 1:~ ork, by 7 4 HARDYSTON :MEMORIAL. whom he had five sons and one daughter. ....l\.n1ong these were Jacobus and Richard 2d. Jacobus (Dutch for James) born 1724, baptized 1·725, in Hackensack D.R. Church, was Captain in the Second Regiment N. J. troops. His wife was Charlotte, a daughter of Colonel Joseph Barton, of Sussex Co. She had a brother, Benja1nin Bar­ ton, who was arrested by General Sullivan, in August, 17',7~ charged with having received the appoint:m.f;nt of Captain in the British Army. His Edsall relatives became surety for his good behavior, but he broke his parole and went over to the ·enemy. His family was sent after him to Staten Island within the British lines. Jacobus had four sons, Richard, Jacobus 2d, Benjamin and .Joseph. His son, RrcuARD 2d, born 1750, was also a Captain in the Second Sussex Regiment N. J. troops, and Lieutenant in the Jer­ sey line of the Continental Army. Father and son participated in the battles of Brandywine and Monn;1outh and other conflicts of the Revolution. Richard was a land surveyor and liy·ed at English Neighborhood, Bergen Co., when the war began. · He married his first wife Polly, eldest daughter of Colonel John Sew­ ard, of Snufftown, in 1771. She died soon after and was buried at Warwick, N. 1~. His second wife was Je1nima Seely, born January 28th, 1762, and died January 1st, 1843. Ile li,ed in Vernon, became entirely blind:- and died ~lay 10th, 1823. Joseph, son of Richard 2d, born .in Vernon township July 12th, 1783, was Quarter-master in the ar1ny during the '\\ar of 1812, and a 1nember of the Legislature in 1825. He 1narried Sarah DeKay, and died in Vernon April 5th, 1833. He ,vas the father of Richard E. Edsall, of Ha1nburg. Jacobits 2d, Ct,1111nonly called "Coby," ,vas attached to Cap­ tain lluddy's Co. of artillery, State troops. His brothers, Benja­ min and Joseph, "~ere privates in the State troops. Coby liYed at Rnde\ille in a log house near ,vhere his grandson, Benja1nin .II. Edsall, now lives. Ile received a pension from the Go,-ernn1ent for his Revolutionary services, and was very hitter ·in his hatred of the British. Ile 1narried l\Iary Simpson, daughter of Ilenry Sin1pson 2d, of l\fc.Afee Valley. Their children \\"ere : Salh-. •.J .• REVOLUTIOX.ARY TDIES. 75 wife of Benja1nin Hamilton ; James, Henry, Joseph E., "\Villiam, George, Richard and Thomas. Jacobus ,vas born 1754, and died 1839. His wife, Mary Simpson, was born 1760, and died 1851, aged 91 years. _ The surrender of Burgoyne's Army, at Saratoga, October 1777, had diminished the British forces required for a regular campaign in the year 1778, and it was determined to ernploy the Indians, and Tories, in carrying on a war of devastation on the frontier. The destruction of the vVyoming settlements ,vas re­ solved upon, because so 1nany of the 1nen of this region had early declared against British tyranny, and large numbers of them had

volunteered in the Continental Army. The beautiful. vallev., was desolated. The d~llings were burned, a11d the inhabitants mur- dered, with the exception of those few who were carried into hopeless captivity. The cruelties perpetrated filled the country with horror. Those who could,fl.ed for their lives,with the loss of all they possessed. Numbers of fugitives ca1ne to Hardyston with their sad story, and awakened the sympathy and compassion of our people. One of the1n was Angustus Hunt, whose son, Re,. Hol­ loway vV. Ilunt, becarne the Presb_yterian pastor here, and continued his ministrations for seven years. Among those who fell by the to1nahawk was "\Villian1 1Iarsh, an early settler in Ha1nburg-, and the first 1ninister of the Baptist congre­ gation of New Town, Hardys Town and Frankford. The leader in these atrocites was Joseph Brandt, of the ~1:ohawk tribes, who had received a christian education. Ile ,,as com1nissioned Colonel by the British, and at the head of a force of Indians and disguised Tories carried fire and bloodshed through our western settlements. In the surnmer of 1779, Brandt, ,vith his blood thirsty forces, broke into the J\ilinisink region, and co1n1nitted great ravages, killing the settlers and burning their hon1es. On the 20th of July, 1779, Colonel Benjan1in. Tustin, of Goshen, received, by express, tidings of the dreadful occurrences, and summoned the. officers of his regiment to rendezvous, the next day, with all the men they could collect. The order was obeyed with alacrity. Major San1uel }Ieeker and Captain Joseph Harker,

of the Jersev., Militia, with portions- of their co1n1nands assen1bled 76 HARDYSTON MEMORIAL. ,vith them. Col. Tustin, with his small force, decided not to pur­ sue the enemy, but Major Meeker mounted his horse and shouted, "Let the brave 1nen follow me, cowards may stay at home.'' The disaster of the day is attributed to this rashness of Major Meeker. His words decided the question, and they marched in pursuit, making seventeen miles the first day, and camping on the same ground occupied the night previous by the enemy. Colonel John Hathorn~ associated with our village in its early history,here joined with a small additional force, and as the ranking officer, took the command. He approved of Colonel Tustin's caution, and called the officers together to hold a council. Meeker again over­ came all prudence by his bold talk, and they marched forward until they fell into the murderous ambush of Brandt. Our 1nen threw themselves into a square as soon as the situation was per­ ceived, and fought with great bravery, againstoverwhelmingnun1- bers advantageously posted. Of the eighty 1nen engaged, forty­ four, including Colonel Tustin, were -slain. Major Meeker and Captain Harker were severely wounded. Of the fallen, ten or twelve were of the Jersey troops. Among these were Captain Steplie:,i Mead, David Talmage, Nathan Wade and Corporal Eliakim Ross, of Hardyston. .Moses De Witt, of "\Vantage, behaved with great bravery and was among the wounded. Lieu­ tenant James Patton, of-Major Meeker's command, received his discharge, J nne 8th, 1780, on account of wounds, probably re­ ceived in this battle. Forty-three years after the n1assacre, the bones of the victims were gathered and buried ~n the public, square in Goshen, where a monument is inscribed with their names. Colonel Hathorn, then SO years of age, laid the f ounda- tion stone, July 22d, 1822. · A body of four thousand men, styled the ,v estern ...A.rn1y, was f or1ned, for the purpose of chastizing he Indian ....'\ .. Hies of the British. To the co1nmand of this force General .John Sullivan was appointed in the spring of 1789 ; and Colonel Fran­ cis Barber, son-in-law of Robert Ogden, 2d, was 1nade its Adju­ tant General. C+eneral Sullh·an broke up the Indian settle1nent along the Susquehannah, and drove the Indians to the Niagara River. In a battle with the savages, August 29th, at Conewa,va '-- ✓ c...... ; ,,, REYOL T.;TION.ARY TIMES. 77 N. Y ., Colonel Barber was wounded in the head, but not so severely as to prevent his appearing soon after, in active service. This gallant officer participated in most of the great battles of the Revolution, and was with Washington, at Newburg, when the Gen­ eral announced to his officers the close of the war. A few hours later, he rode near a tree which some soldiers were felling and was instantly killed. He was a man of :finished education, a popular officer, and a christian gentleman. Colonel John Rosencrantz, of Walpack, with a regiment of Sussex Militia, accompanied General Sullivan ~pon this expedi­ tion, and was advanced to the command of a brigade. There were four hundred of the Jersey Militia, and their promptitude was highly commended. At _this time, or later in the war, Colonel Rosencrantz received a wound in the shoulder, from the effects of which he never recovered. It broke out afresh, causing his death three years after the war ended. All the Indians did not at once disappear, but returned and made incursions into our territory. An Indian band, headed by a noted Tory, named Daily, committed many murders, and again spread dismay along om-- borders. Once more our Jersey l'Iilitia were sent against them. The troops pursued them across the Delaware River, and succeeded in killing Daily, and in destroying and dispersing his followers. During the war of the Revolution, the people of this county were very much annoyed by the surprises of a Tory band, who mysteriousiy disappeared after their raids. At last one fello~~ was found in a house, where he ,vas either sick or disabled by an accident. Threatened with hanging, he 1nade a full confession, and gave information by which nu1nbers of the gang were taken. In an old house, two chimneys can1e together, with a single top aboYe the roof, and between was a closet, where three 1nen were secreted. The interior of an old haystack had afforded a hiding place, and here several ·were taken. At first there ·was no ans\ver to the demand "Co1ne out and surrender." But when the leg of one 1nan was seized, he was soon dra.gged out, and the rest made to follow, and the stack was shortly ablaze. The pursuing party came to a large house, so1newhere on the Snufftown ~Ioun- IIA.RDYSTOX l\IE::\IORIAL. tain, where the O'wner received the1n with much apparent frank­ ness, and conducted them over the house, telling them they should see everything and find all right on his premises. He brought them to the last room, saying, " My wife is here very sick, and you need not disturb her, but just go in and see that there is nothing there." They said that they would not harm the sick, ,voman, but the men followed their captain in. Over the floor in the middle of the room, a green baize cloth had been tacked down, and on it stood the bed with its- occupant. They lifted the bed­ stead and woman aside, took up the cloth, and found a trap-door in the floor, beneath which was an excavation where half a dozen· fellows were hiding. Other ruffians were picked up elsewhere, and the Captain started for Goshen with quite a company of pris­ oners. "\Vhen night came on, they camped, made a pen of logs for the culprits, and built a large fire, but drank so freely of w1risky, fro1n a big keg they had taken, that the guards all went to sleep, and their prisoners escaped. Claudius Smith was a recognized leader of the free-hooters who ravaged Orange County and extended their depradations over into Sussex. He robbed the house of Robert Ogden, in the winter of 177S. He lived near the site of the present town of :Monroe, with three sons, desperadoes like himself. Ile was a terror to the ,v hole region, and a large re-ward \Yas offered for his apprehension. IIe eluded pursuit by going to Long Island, where he " 9 as tracked and captnred, near O_yster Bay, and thence taken to Goshen. 1Ie was chained to the jail floor and a strong guard kept over hin1, until January 22d, 1779, when he was hung, with two others, Go~don and De la l\Iar. Ilis son, Dick, conunitted several murders afterwards, in revenge, as he said, for the hanging of his father. Claudius S1nith was con­ nected with the robber, Bonnell 1Ioody, ,vho had a place of retreat near N e'\\"ton, and after the ,-rar escaped to England, ·where he published an exaggerated story of his career. Ile received a Lieu­ tenant's commission in the British Arrny, and a pension. IIis brother was captured and hung. The following letter was ·written in behalf of llugh nlax­ well, ·who \\"as in New Town jail, under sentence of death, and REVOLUTIONARY TBIES. was afterwards executed. DEAR SIR: I have enclosed to his excellency, the Governor, several affidavits, etc., in favor of the Criminal .Maxwell ; '\Y hon1 I verily believe is altogether innocent of the charge against hirn; and I cannot but think, that the evidence in his favor is quite suf­ ficient to convince every candid, unprejudiced mind, open to con­ viction ; and you may be assured there a:re many hundreds of persons in the county, who are entirely persuaded he is not guilty. I doubt not you will do all in your power to preserve the life of one whom I think is innocent. I am in no ways partial towards him; and if after all, the man is executed, I shall have the satisfaction to reflect I have done 1ny duty, and that his blood will not be upon me. I am, dear sir, yo1u~ friend and very humble servant, 1TZAL 0GDEX. Newtown, Sept. ·,th, 1780. To the Hon. Robert Ogden, Esq., at Sparta. Favored by Mr. Broderick EPHRAIM: vV oonRcFF belonged to Co1onel Oliver Spencer's regiment of the Continental Army. He was present and partici­ pated in a number of the great battles o:f tile Revolutionary war. As years increased upon hirn he delighted to narrate the stirring incidents of his military life. He taught the school at Ogdensburg in a log house, which occupied the site of t11e present school house, and was donated for the purpose by1{obert Ogden, Jr. In this school house religious services were so1netimes held, and a weekly prayer 1neeting maintained. !ilr. ,voodrnff s log house stood beside the school house, and ""as very n1uch of the same pattern. "\V ILLI.A3I J onNso~ 2d and CoR....~ELrcs DEYORE ,vere soldiers of the Revolution and pensioners. Their certificates were signed by John C. Oalhonn, Secretary of "\Var in 1S22. M.A..JOR JONATHAN ThfcPEAKE was a soldier in the Continental Ar1ny and settled in I-Iardyston after the war. His son Jona­ than, ,vas born in 1800. I-Iis wife ,vas Sophia Maines, daughter of Peter Mains, of Sparta, a Revolutionary soldier, and Olive Bas­ sett. OLIVE BASSETT, wife of Peter ~fains, died at an advanced age about the year 1850. Their log house stood t\YO n1ilesfrom Sparta

on the Newton road. Thev., w·ere lh-ing.__, there when the A1neri- 80 HARDYSTON :MEMORIAL. can Army passed through, on its way to the Delaware River, as she supposed. It was in the winter time, with snow upon the ground. Many of the soldiers had no shoes, and blood from their frozen feet marked the snow. Some of them had their feet bound up with rags, and begged from her all the old clothes she had to give them. Her oven stood by itself outside, and she had in it a large baking of bread, but the soldiers took it all. SmoN WADE was a member of the Second Sussex Regiment, and during the Revolutionary War served in a powder manufac­ tory. His family early settled in Connecticut. His brother Na­ than Wade, was killed in the battle of M:injsink. He was a car­ penter by trade, and :first came to Hardyston in the employ of Robert Ogden, Sr. He married Abigail Beardslee, of Pough­ keepsie, N. Y., purchased his farm from Robert Ogden, Sr., and erected the house and buildings now standing. He died Septe1n­ ber 21st, 1817, aged sixty-eight years. CHARLES WADE, son of Sin1on, was born at the homestead, December 4th. 1796. His wife was Mary Jane, daughter of Elder Samuel Tuttle. Mr. Wade died November 22d, 1869. He was highly esteemed for his integrity of character and upright­ ness in business. He was for many years a member of the North Church and much interested in all that pertained to its welfare. CHAPTER"\'.

IRON ::\Llli"CFACTGRE. Five forges, worked at different times, stood at the "Head of the Wallkill," near the present village of Sparta. The Ogden forge was a n1ile from Ogdensburg, and a mile and half above Franklin Furnace. The tin1e of its erection was very ea1·ly. At the beginning of this century, and until his death in 1805, it was run by Major Elias Ogden, who brought 1nost of his ore fron1 the ()gden ltfine on the top of the 1nountain. Previous to the Revolutionary vV ar, ore fro1n the Ogden l\line -w··as transported on pack horses to the forges in Morl'is County. Dr. Fowler's "New Forge" ·was put up on the bank of the \rvr allkill in the rear of the Catholic Church . .A.n ancient forge stood near the site of the old Franklin furnace, and was operated as early as 1765, when Michael Rorick ca1ne fro1n Bergen in the employ of the 111en who ran it. The leading man was "\Villian1 ....i\.. Potts, reported to have been so wealthy, that if all his 1noney had been turned into silver dollars, no four-horse team could have drawn then1. Upon the mountain are lands still called after Potts, the former owner. An old deed calls for a "marked tree at the corner of the Potts mountain tract, now of the Franklin Manufacturing Company." The birch-flat is spoken of as having belonged to Potts. John Potts had a mountain survey 1nade as late as 1788, and recorded in the Clerk's Office in 1792. .A.t the breaking out of hostilities, 1776, the proprietors of the forge withdrew to New York, being Englishmen and sympa­ thizing with the British. The works were then unused for years. John Odell Ford, who lived at Stockholm, repaired and enlarged 82 HARDYSTON )IEMORIAL. tbeu1, and expended much money in the endeavor to 1nake iron f ron1 Franklinite ore. He was very persistent, but could not keep ~p the required heat, and salamander after salamander resulted. Dr. Fowler was asssociated with him for a time, and upon Mr. Ford's failure bought out his interest, took the works, and finally came into possession of all the mineral lands. These were not highly appreciated at that time, and so little value was set upon ~line Hill, which contains such _a wealth of zinc and iron, that even Dr. Fowler never took pains to perfect his title to it, and it ,vas done by his heirs some time after his death. He r,tn this and his other forges successfully, in1proving upon the methods of smelt­ ing hitherto used. In a letter he once expressed his opinion that the reduction of Franklinite ore required a greater heat than could be produced by charcoal, and furnaces must be perfected for the use of anthracite coal. There were zinc works near the F1~anklin grjst 1nill where the old fulling mill house was supplied with a chin1ney and re­ arranged for use. Mr. Ballou, a man of some scientific attainments, was for a long tin1e employed in the endeavor to ,vork the zinc. By his fires most of the zinc was evaporized and escaped through the chimney. He also attempted to separate the iron from the zinc by 1nechanical operation, reducing the ore to powder and taking out the iron particles by a series of magnets: ranged upon a wheel. His n1ethods were not successful enough to warrant their long emplo:rment. His experience however was valuable to ot~ers~ and at a later time a great zinc house was erected, with a series of bags, within which the zinc vapor was held until it was deposited in a white or blue powder. -This powder mixed with oils made a valuable paint. The zinc paint of com1nerce is little more than the sa1ne article, improved in its process of n1anufac­ ture. The :Franklin Manufacturing Company erected the charcoal blast furnace. Oliver Ames and Oakes Ames, of Massachusetts, ,vere the principal onwers, and ,vnliam L. Ames was their super­ intendent. They introduced the casting of stoves and rolling of sheet iron. For the latter purpose their quality of iron was well adapted, and the stoves and pipe made by them were far more last- IRON M.ANUF ACT'GRE. 83 ing than those produced in later years. The Company had several re-organizations. A process was thought to have been discovered which would make both iron and zinc from Franklinite mineral at the same time. A new and larger blast furnace was put up a little farther from the kill, at a cost of $100,000, with zinc works in connection. But the process failed to meet the sanguine eiq>ectations of its inventors. Charles 0 . .Alger brought snit against this Company, and against Joseph E. Edsall~ and recovered a small amount of damages for infringe- 1nent upon his patent for hot blast chimneys in furnaces. The Boston Franklinite Con1pany was organized by gentle­ n1en mostly from Massachusetts, and John H. Brown, who had been long associated with the Ames brothers, was their superin­ tendent. In 1867, ,villia1n E. Dodge, Moses Taylor, John I. J3lair, the Scrantons and others, stockholders of the Lackawanna Iron and Coal Company, of Scranton, Pa., purchased the entire in­ terest, and under a new charter becarne, in 1872, the Franklin Iron Co1npany. By purchase this Con1pany own large tracts of land, estimated at 15,000 acres, e1n bracing farn1 and wood lands, and including many valuable ore mines. A portion of these tr-c:1cts lie in Passaic County. The present large furnace was erected at a cost of half a million of dollars, and completed in 18'73. '\Vith fe,v interruptions it has been running ev:er since, producing large quantities of pig iron which is sent to Scranton and trans­ formed into Bessimer steel. The company carried on a long liti­ gation with the New Jersey Zinc Company, the contest ending finally in their favor. A compromise has been effected, by which the F~nklin Iron Company became possessed of the rights of the New Jersey Zinc Company, and now engages in zinc mining. The Sussex Branch Railroad was extended fron1 Newton to McAfee Valley by this company, mainly for their own conven­ ience in 1nining and making iron. IsAAC SHARP, of Piles, in the county of Salem, and Western division of the Province of New Jersey, made his will March 22d, 1770. By this he constituted his widow Elizabeth executrix, and his son Joseph executor. On the 20th of March, 1775, the widow Elizabeth, and Joseph and his wife Grace, conveyed 182 acres of 84 HARDYSTON :l!EMORIA.L. the Pepo-Cotten lands to Ezekiel Dennis, of Sussex, who was the progenitor of our Dennis families. This Joseph was Joseph, Senior, who married the widow Grace Bassett, a Quakeress, who al ways wore the Quaker dress. They had quite a number of sons. She had money in her own right, and was a woman of much refinement and benevolence. Joseph, Senior, came to Hamburg before the Revolutionary war, and took possession of the lands to which his father Isaac had proprietery claims. These lands· extended along the Wallkill from the State line, and, with a few breaks, to the Ogden tract above Franklin Furnace and to Penn's line, with extensive 1nountain tracts. He built the forge or furnace near the Fountain bridge, and nan1ed it the Sharpsboro Iron vV orks. The manufacture of iron under the restrictions imposed by the British Government was not remunerative, and under financial embarrassn1ent he returned to Salern. · The ,v-orks abandoned by Sharp- fell into the hands of STEPHEX FoRD, SExioR, who lived in the h0use, near the Upper f-Ian1burg bridge! which was afterwards enlarged by his son David. He was a native of England and sy1npathized ,vith the English during the war of Independence. It is said that he 111ade iron for the use of the British ...... \.rn1y and cast cannon balls for them. I-Iis rnen often perfor1ned their work at night, and the children and females of the family carried food for the ,vorkmen from the house to the forge after dark. He received considerable sums of English gold whi3h he secreted in small bags let down in the par­ tition walls betw·een the plastering. He had sheet iron shutters 1nade at the forge for the windows of his house. This was reputed to be a place of retreat for the 1nore open Tories and free hooters ,Yhen they were closely pursued. He seems 'to have been o~ good terins ,vith his neighbors, even the patriotic ones, and kept_ quiet in the later years of the war, escaping arrest although under sur­ Yeillance . ....\..fter the Revolution the sons of Joseph Sharp, Senior, Jos­ eph, Junior, and vVilliam, rode up on horseback to occupy the property inherited from their father. The forge was started under the direction of the sons, and another was built on the site of the IRO.N" :\L\.XUFACTCRE. 85 sa":- 111ill aboYe the present paper 1nill. \Vhen "\Villia1n became deranged, Joseph associated his brother-in-la,v ,vith hin1 in busi­ nes~, and Colonel John Ifathorn, of "\V arwick, was their clerk or superintendent. The business in their hands was not profitable, and except for the rise in value in his landed property, Colonel loseph Sharp would have become a bankrupt. Stephen Ford, Senior, before 1nentioned, had two sons,. Stephen, Junior, and David. Stephen, Jr., was a merchant and carried on business in the store house that he built near his father's. d·welling, and ,vhich is still standing, having been used by a long· succession of store-keepers. He went to New York for the pur­ pose of buying goods, and died there with the yellow fe'""er which was then prevailing in the city. D_\.YID FoRD was the second son of Stephen, Senior. He ,vas interested in the forges ,vith the Sharps, or after them. Soon after his brother's death be entered into partnership with vVilliam Darrah, and they ,vere associated until 1818. They conducted the store, the grist n1ill, and the Fountain bridge forge, and the fir111 of Ford (.~ Darrah was extensivelv., known. Ford was a Director of the Sussex Bank and Superintendent of a portion of the Paterson and Ha1nburg turnpike road. Under his supervision a large part of the difficult work o,er and_ through the mountains ,vas done. I-Iis day book shows the setting of the mile-stones from Suufftown through IIa1nburg and Deckertown, October, 1830. In the 1nidst of his business enterprises he died June 30th, 1837, in the sixty-fifth year of his age. ,v ILLIA)I D ..\.RR.A.n, the partner of David Ji..,ord for 111any years, was born near Hamburg 1777. His large farm lay half way from the Yillage to Franklin Furnace, and adjoined the forge lot, which still bears the na1nes of himself and partner. The hou~e in which he spent n1ost of his days is still standing in the field in sight from the public highway. Ile 1narried Elizabeth, daughter of Captain Richard Edsall, of Vernon, and had a large family of sons and daughters. Henry Thompson Darrah, his eldest son, succeeded hin1 in business. In October, 1818, he was ap­ pointed Sheriff of Sussex county, and served three years. Th~re were 1nany civil suits and judgrnents, and many Sherift's sales of St1 11.:\RDYSTO.X ::\lE:\IORIAL. property \\·hile he ,vas in office. I-le built the iiartin Mabee house, was re1nernbered as a kind. friend and good citizen, and died, in 1830, in his fifty-third year. I-Ie is buried a fe"'· feet only fro1n his partner, David Ford, at IIa1nburg. In 1S37 his family immigrated to Missouri. In 1792 JESSE Pons and his brother ca1ne from Trenton, and built a 1nore extensive forge than any hitherto constructed in this region. This was located farther down the vVallkill, and the site is below the Haines homestead. The ti111 bers were very large and cut in Pochuck }Ionntain. In hauling a large stick of timber one 1nan was killed. The da1n was washed out in a freshet, and the Potts brothers, after several 1uisfortunes, gave up business at this place and 1noved away. It is said, I know not with ho,, 1nuch certainty, that they, with n1en1bers of their fa1nily, after­ wards founded Pottsville, Pa. They are supposed to have been connected with the Potts who erected the first forge at Franklin Furnace, in 1765; and possibly ·with "Tho1nas Potts, who was high Sheriff of Sussex Co. fro1n 1"7·72 to 17"75, although belonging to a younger generation. Joseph Sharp, Jr., took possession of their forge, and after a short tin1e ren10Yed the building. Re111- nants of the da1n still ren1ain in the water of the strea1n. The Potts's called their forge the Hambitrg Iron T-Vo1~ks, frou1 Ha111burg, Germany. Fro111 this is derived the narne of the Yillage. The Sharps sought to perpetuate the nan1e of Sharps­ boro, by which the place had been called for some years, but ,vhen the Post Office was established, October 1st, 1795, it was called IIamburg. The German name is derived from two ,,ords, Harrtuie'.' a forest, and Burg, a fortress.; the whole signifying a To1ce1· in the TVood.s. Hamburg ,vas the second Post Office in the county, (which then included Warren County), Sussex Co-urt Hou~se being established l\Iarch 20th'.' 1793. The next in order of tirne was Sparta, January 1st, 1·798. Previous to these Morris­ tO'\\""ll ,,as the ruost northerlv., Post Office in the State . Colonel Jos:i-:rn E. Ens.ALL ca1ne into possession of the Sharps' lo\,er forge near the site of the paper mill, and after running it for a tin1e, built a second forge in close proximity a few rods lower down, 1 S22-4. Adam S1nith, of Canistear, now living in his !ROX :\LAXUFAC'lTRE. 87 ninety-sixth year, ,vas his carpenter. The great Lanuner bean1 was cut in Pochuck l\tiountain, and broke down the ,vagon in the v!llage during its transportation. These forges were run 1nuch of the tiine at a dead loss, and Edsall ,vas heavily in debt at the time he relinquished them, and was appointed County Clerk. The Ha1nburg J}fan·zifacturing Co1npany was. organized pre­ vious to 1 S30, and purchased the forges of Edsall and other prop­ erty adjoining. In 1834 this con1pany took down the forges, and erected the charcoal hot air blast furnace on the same site. John F. ,Yinslo,v was President of the con1pany as well as of the Clin­ ton .l\Ianufacturing Con1pany, of Passaic...... -\1nong those associa­ ted ,Yith hiin ,vere }fessrs. \Villia1n Jackson, Makepeace and I-Iuntington, who resided in I-Iamburg £01.· a time.. The two con1- panies, by purchase and lease, held much valuable property. They were ow11ers of the Clinton or Pochunk 1nine of hematite ()re, which n1ade iron of superior quality. This n1ine ,vas on the farm of Nathan Sn1ith, which the co1npanies purchased. Peter .ArI. Hyerson, o-f Porn pton, transported n1uch of the ore from this 1nine all the distance to his own furnace. He constructed what was called the '" gravity road," ·which branched fron1 the public high­ \\·ay opposite Francis Ha1nilton's place, and by gradual assent reached the ore beds. The Hamburg Co111pauy employed a large number of men in the 1nines, in chopping wood and burning charcoal upon the mountains, and at their furnace. Their en1ployees occupied every a,·ailable house in the vicinity, and the company put up a number of s1nall dwellings of their own to which the name of '' the City~, ,Yas given. Their charcoal burners lived in log houses put up near the places where they worked. Their numerous teams filled the highways as they carted ore and charcoal to~1the furnaces or transported their iron to the markets. Farmers found e1nploy­ ment for their tea1ns in hauling ore, for which they received tick­ ets entitling the1n to trade, to the amount due them, at any of the 1Ia1n burg- stores. These stores were doing· a good business, the upper and lower mills were running to their full capacity, grind­ ~ng flou1~ and feed, while ·farn1ers found ~eady sale near home for most of their far1n products. · 88 IL\.RDYSTO}; )IE:\IORI.A.L. In consequence of the failures of others and the general col­ lapse of business enterprise at the ti1ne, 1nisfortunes overtook the­ IIa1n bnrg and Clinton Co1npanies, and they ,vere forced to sus­ pend in the Spring of 1S3S. This v\~as a great blow to the village of I-Ia1nburg. It sent a\vay so111e important families, threw many ,vorkrnen out of e111ploy1nent, and brought n1uch of the business. activity of the place to a standstill. On the 27th of Febrnary,.1S38, the Clinton Company agreed to sell to Peter }I. Ryerson, of ·Pompton, for $22,500, six and eighty-five hundredths acres of their 1nine in Pochunk, upon which was part of their hen1atite or ore beds. ....\.fter the company's. failure, Dr. Elias L'Hon1medieu was appointed trustee for the creditors and purchased, Dec. 7th, 183S, at a sale 1nade by Sheriff' l ohn Brodrick, for $4,041, the entire property of one hundred and nine acres "whereon is the Clinton ore bed, usually called the Clinton ~line." Colonel ..Joseph E. Edsall had, by foreclosure of 1nortgage,. regained possession of his lands, ,vith all the irnproven1ents, fur­ nace and houses, erected upon them. Ile united with Dr. L'Hom-- 1nedieu under the firn1 na1ne of Edsall L~ L'Hom1nedieu, and they operated the 1nines and furnace for a ti1ne, until L'Hom1nedieu ,vithdre,v, in 1845, and 1·e1noved to Newark, leaving all in Edsall's: hands. The latter continued the business for four or :fiye years longer, until near 1850, when iron ceased to be 111ade on this spot, and the works fell into decay. Edsall used considerable ore, brought frorn the Ogden Mine, and his son-in-law, Tho1nas D. Edsall, 1nined and carted it for hi1n. Sani-uel Edivard ..7J,Iargerum ·was an iron man and had a. blacksmith shop in Ha1nburg. I-Iis wife ""as Mary Ford, daugh­ ter of Step.hen-, Sr., and sister of David. Ile built the house, oppo:. site .John L. '\Vood's present shop, afterwards occupied by Sheriff. ~f ohn Brodrick. David Ford induced his sister after the death of her husband to sell her house and with her children 1nake her· hon1e with hi1n, he being un1narried. .1..i\.bout 1822 he enlarged his father's house in upper Hamburg and built what is now the· main part, but leav~ng the long wing with dining room and kitchen, which belongs to Revolutionary times. llrs. Mary }"'ord IROX l\IAXUFACTURE. S9 Margeru1n was born in 1772 and died in 1856. She possessed a 1·emarkable 1nernory and loved to detail the stirring events of her -early life. Stephen Ford J.1!largerurn, the son of Samuel Edward and Mary F. Margernn1, was born at Han1burg 1793, and died in 1852. He inherited the enterprise of his family, and his business connections were very extensive. In 1827 he bought, at -com1nissioners' sale, of the estate of '\Villiam Smith, deceased, merchant of New r~ ork city, and partner of Elias Haines, 1,088 65-100 acres of the Colonel Seward tract upon Snnfftown Mountain. He added to this purchase by others afterwards made. The venerable John Seward 1nansion ,vas his home, and his mother, }frs. Mary F. Margerum, resided with hitn. The old house has only recently been taken down to 1nake roo1n for the more comn1odious and tasteful dwelling erected by his son, Noah II. .Margernn1. After standing a century and a quarter, · much of the old frarne was sound and good. Mr. Margerum had a saw mill and grist mill, and ran the forge, upon the Seward Creek branch of the Pequannock aboYe his house and near the Vernon township line. When John 0. Ford relinquished the Franklin ,votks he started a new forge, the 1Vindhan1, near his home at Snufftow·n. He had several sons, among them Sidney, Horace and l\Iahlon, who were engaged in n1ining and forging. They worked the forges at Snu:fftown, Stockholm and Milton, and carried on their works to a late period, making blooming iron and ship anchors. The charcoal iron ,vorks were unable to compete with the anthra­ cite furnaces of Pennsylvania, and eventually all the forges along the Pequannock River were closed. The Clinton, or Pochunk Mine, lies within the li111its of "\' er­ non township about two and a half miles from Hamburg, upon the su1nmit and slopes of a white limestone ridge running parallel to the mountain a short distance from its base. The ore, which is brown hen1atite, is irregularly distributed through a mass of highly ferrnginous clayey loam, which shows a great display of color, texture and cotnposition. The ore itself presents an eqna 90 IIARDYSTOX ::\IE::\IORIAL. diversity of appearance, b11t is all he111atite. The 1ni11eral yields an iron superior to that of the 111agnetic ores and can be reduced ,vith 1nuch less consumption of fuel. The ore was . forn1erly carted :fifteen 1niles to the Clinton Furnace and ten miles further to Pompton, and, after railroad connections were for1ned~ w·as sent as far as Scranton. The Franklin Iron Oo1npany constrqcted a branch from the Susquehanna Railroad, at Hamburg, to }Ic.. A.f ee Valley, a distance of three miles, to connect the mine by rail ,,·ith Franklin Furnace. The working has ceased for over ten yearE-, and the branch to the· n1ine no,v for1ns part of the Lehigh '"\:: Hudson Raih·oad. The Edsall mine, at Rudeville, t\,·o miles fro1n 1Ia1nburg, was discovered in sinking a well, and was opened a little earlier than the Clinton mine. It has the same valuable quality of ore. The excavation is nearly two hundred feet square, about sixty feet in depth, and is now mostly filled with -water_ A tunnel -which once drained off much of the water has been closed. William Edsall was its forn1er owner, and it is still in possession of his heirs. Some years ago they were offered quite a sum of n1oney for it, but declined selling, and since then there has been no de­ mand for the ore to invite purchasers. William Edsall raised large quantities of the ore, which he sold to the Franklin Manu­ facturing Company, for some years previous to 1840. Other fur­ naces and forges were supplied from it. The Simpsmi mine, between the t,,o, and jnst over the "\T er­ non line, has a large and valuable deposit of ore, but it has not been worked sufficiently for its development. Iron ore has been found upon the Rcsencrantz farn1, and ·was one inducement for the Franklin Iron Company to purchase it, at $30,000 for three hundred acres, from Mrs. Mary Rosencrantz, who inherited it from her father, Col. Joseph Sharp. The following letter, inserted by his permission~ is fron1 HoN. JouN I. BLAIR, now venerable in years, one of the most suc­ cessful business men of his time, and who will be remembered by future generations for his large benificence in the cause of edu­ cation: 01 Br.ArHsTo,Yx, N. J., ~lay 5, lSSS. To Jacob L. B-unnell: .l\'I Y DEAR SrR :-I read in the Nezv Jersey Herald of last week, with great pleasure, the early history of those intelligent and influential men, who, in the days of their generation, were the owners of those various forges, iron and zinc 1nines in the old county of Sussex. All these 1nen have long since passed away and their property changed to other hands. Nothing remains now to remind this generation of the existence of those forges except the cinder-beds. The narrative recalls to 1nind my first experience, seventy-one years ago, at the age of fifteen. I ·was then clerk in a store in the village of Hope, then in old Sussex, and went with a tean1ster with a load of barrel pork to exchange for iron. Early the first day ,ve arrived at Sparta and stopped at the hotel of Dan Hurd, who was then the principal o,vner of Sparta, and owned and con­ trolled a number of forges. Hurd had gone to New York and his son, a boy somewhat older than myself, asked n1e to stay until his father returned that evening, assuring us that he ,vould purchase our cargo. The next mornin~ I proposed the trade, when he re­ plied " that he had all the pork he needed." This was a great dis­ appointment; the day and evening spent and a hotel bill to pay, and money scarce. I felt like fighting young Hurd for the deten­ tion. "\Ve left Sparta and crossed the mountain, by what was called a 1nountain road, almost impassable, to Russia forge, where the people were hungry for pork. We stayed two days while they made iron for a part of our pork. They weighed out to the wood­ chopper his share, then to the man who found the coal his share, then to the one that made the iron, then to the niiner, while the balance went to the owner. The next day we went to other forges without success. "\Ve then went to a place called "Newfoundland." I thought it was properly named, as it was the only land we had found since we left Sparta. We spent two days going from there to other forges with but little success until we arrived at Hamburg and Franklin, and finally sold out to Joseph Sharp for iron. Y ea;s after I grew up to manhood my business relations ex­ tended more or less to the1n all and ended in friendship. "\Vhat nne~1)€cted changes have taken place since ! In the seventy-one years all these eminent men, all long sin~e gone, their property changed hands ! The Lackawanna Iron and Coal Com­ pany, of Pennsylvania, has become the owner of the most valuable portion of these properties, including the Franklin Iron Company, the Zinc Company, and various iron mines as was stated. The 92 IIARDYSTOX :MEYORL-\.L. great outlay in erecting furnaces, zinc works, and other i1nprove- 1nents has run into the millions, and all the main dividends have been paid to the county of Sussex, including some to the State for taxes, and, strange to say, whether fortunately or unfortunately, I am among the principal owners in all these properties. The ownership of this property caused me, on aecount of the cornpany, to become one of the owners of the Sussex Railroad, which I ex­ tended to Franklin and several miles beyond. ....t\.lso the line to Branchville. I changed the line across the meadows at Newton, and made other valuable improvements for the terminus at New­ ton, including a costly and convenient depot. We have since turned over the road to the Delaware, Lackawanna and vVestern Company, who has relaid it with steel rails, and it is now a first­ class road in every particular, including rolling stock. :: * :: * :: :: :: ~-~ ➔: ➔:- Very truh~ vours ~ J ~ ' JonN I. Br.AIR.

LDIE l\L.\X"CF .A.CTURE. The white crystalline liu1estone of this vicinity furnishes a ·superior quality of lime._ Many years ago Dr. Samuel Fowler wrote upon the minerals of Sussex Co., for Gordon's Gazefeer o_f Ne1.v Jersey. The following is an extract from it: "Perhaps in no quarter of the globe is there found so n1uch to interest the mineralogist, as in the white crystalline, calcareous vallev, commencing at Mounts Adam and Eve, in the county of Oran'ge, and State of New i-ork, about three miles from the line of the State of New Jersey, and continuing thence through "'\' er­ non, Hamburg, Franklin, Sparta and Byran1, a distance of about twenty-five miles in the county of Sussex. This limestone is highly crystalline, containing no organic remains, and is the great imbedding 1natrix of all the curious and . interesting 1ninerals found in this valley. When burned, it produces li1ne of a superior quality. A considerable quantity of this stone is burned into lime near Ha1nburg, and when carted to the towns below, as Paterson, Newark, etc., is sold for one dollar per bushel. It is principally used in 1nasonry, for white-washing, cornice-work and wall of a fine hard finish, and is considered superior to the best Rhode Island lime. Some varieties, particularI y the granular, furnish a beautiful marble ; it is often white, with a slight tinge of yello,,, resembling the Parian marble fro1n the Island of Paros ; at other times clouded black, so1neti1nes veined black, and at other tiines arborescent.'' IROX MANUFACTURE. 93 Around Hamburg on many far1ns are the re1nains of ancient lime kilns. The Sharps, Edsalls, Fords and Rudes burned li111e. In 1810, and subsequent years, much of this lirne found its way to market in our larger towns and the city of New 1~ ork. But although an ancient article of production, the 1nore extensi ,-e works now employed are of quite recent erection. The old-fas1'ioned kilns were approaching an egg-shape in the interior, and the wood and lime stone were put in, in successh-e layers. The kiln was built into the side hill to afford easy a;cess to the top. It was covered with sods before the flame was kin­ dled. The ashes and lime were drawn out at the bottom, and the fire went out after each burning. The continuous kilns are constructed with the fire upon the side, so that the flame and heat may pass through the lime stone, and when the lime is burned it may be drawn off without ming­ ling with the ashes or interfering with the continuance of the fire. The Windsor J.VorkB, at Hamburg, were begun in 1876. Sayre & Van Derhoof are the owners and Richard Van Derhoof the superintendent. They have four perpetual kilns, one with its chirnney seventy-four feet high, a second sixty-five feet, and t,,o are thirty feet. The company employs about 150 men in the kilns, quarries and mountain. They have a tramway of two and a half miles in length from the Rudeville quarries to the kilns. They turn out about one hundred thousand bushels of li1ne a year, and are arranging to do still 1nore. The Hambit'rg Li·ine 1Vork8 were also begun in 1876. Joseph E. Sheldon is superintendent. They have three perpetual kilns which are without flues. Twenty men are employed in the kilns and quarry, but much of the work is don_e by contract. They have no wood choppers and purchase wood by the cord. \Vhen in full operation the kilns produce 500 bushels of lime per day. The HumuRG PAPER MrLL was erected in 1873, on the site of the old blast furnace, by Ja1nes B. Davenport, who manufact­ ured straw wrapping paper and tissue paper. The premises were rented to Tqmpkins & White, who were manufacturing quite ex­ tensively, when the mill took fire and was consumed with a quan­ tity of paper ready for shipping. The mill was rebuilt, and pur- 94 IL\.RDYSTO:X :\IE::\IORIAL. chased by the }lcE,van :Thianufacturing Co., ,,ho enlarged~it, and e1nploy about twenty hands in 1naking straw boards, producing four and a half tons per day. The boards are cut of uniforn1 size and sent to the box n1akers. IIA)IBCR(~ .A:XI> SO:\IE OF IT~ l'EOPLE. It is an error to suppose that IIamburg is a larger village no·w than it has ever been. Its relative importance has been din1inish­ ing with advancing time for _nearly a century. ""\Ve must go back some fifty, or even ninety years, to reach what may be called its palmiest days., These were about the ti1ne when the Post Office was established, October 1st, 1795, under Thomas Lawrence, and all the iron works were in operation ; when our citizens embarked in the enterprise of constructing a turnpike road fifty miles in length, to connect the village with the city of New York. "\Vhen the Hamburg turnpike road was completed, about 1810, there was not a Post Office on the entire route to New York. Around the iron ,vorks many small houses were erected for the use of the workmen employed. These, with numbers of other dwellings then built, have 1nostly disappeared. For many years there were more stores here than at any other point in the county. Farmers brought their produce and did their trading, coming as far as fron1 Andover and 1V antage. Mr. Sharp put up his store house about 1804, built the stone mill in 1808, and constructed the mill road running from his house and store to intersect the Newton road north of the North Church Cemetery. He stated that it was sixty-eight chains nearer by his · road from Ryerson's (\Valling house) tha.n by Lawrence's. He made a strong effort to secure the office of Postmaster and bring the postal business to his store, but did not succeed. Ile built the Haines homestead in 1800. Caleb and Issacher Rude were lJis carpenters, and he brought a n1an named Johnson, 96 HARDYSTON MEMORIAL, fron1 Salen1, or Philadelphia, ,vho did the joining and finer ,,ork. }\,fr. Sharp had abundant means fro1n the rise in value of his lands, and lived in good style, and wh~t was estee1ned luxury, in those days, until the losses attendant upon his iron works and other ,--:entures diminished his income and he removed to another house, ,vhich he built along the Wallkill, in Vernon township, near the base of Pochunk Mountain, where he died in 1845, in his eighty-eighth year. His wife was-Elizabeth Simpson, daughter of Henry Simpson, w·ho lived near McAfee. She was born in 1771, and died in 1824: while Mr. Sharp was living at Hamburg. She was a member of the Hamburg Presbyterian Church and of the North Hardyston, after the union of the two churches. They had four sons, Thomas . ..Joseph, .i\.nthony and Isaac. Of their daughters, Eliza married Dr. James Fowler; Clarissa married Major Thomas B. Del{ay, who lived in Vernon near the State line; Mary was the wife of Dr. Henry C. Rosencrantz, and lived in the house on the Rosen­ crantz hill; .. Deborah became the wife of Dr. Horace Vibbert, of Deckertown. Issacher Rude, one of the carpenters ·who worked for Col. Sharp, was killed in the raising of a barn on the Conrad Tinker place. CALEB, his brother, also a carpenter, lived to the age of ninety-three and a half years, respected and beloved by all ,t;ho knew him, and died in 1871. Their father, Caleb Rude, Senior, Ii ved in Morris county and became a soldier in the Continental ...:\..rrny. The Tories 1nade several raids upon his horne, and that of his neighbors, so that he re1noved his fa1nily for safety to the vicinity of Stockboln1, and took 1nost of his pay in Continental money, in exchange for his house and farm. He had two sons in the army, Abner and Noah. vVhen the war closed, his paper money was of no value, and he found hirnself poor. IIis ,Yife died, and he bound out his son Caleb as an apprentice to Si1non '\Vade to learn the carpenter's trade. Caleb, Jr., n1arried Elizabeth Simpson, daughter of the Henry Sitnpson 3d, w110 lived on the "\Villiam Edsall far1n . ..JosEPII E. EDSALL was born in 1789 at Rndeville, in the log house where his parents, ~J an1es Edsall and }Iary Sin1pson lived, II.:\.::\IBCR

Rv-erson.., Soon after his wife's death he re1noved to Franklin, where he re-built and enlarged the house in which he lived until his death. This neighborhood had been called The Plains, fron1 the flat lands beginning here and extending toward the North Church, which included the farrn of Capt. George Beardslee. Dr. Fowler constructed a dam across the small stream that passed his house, and erected a grist mill,_ fulling 1nill, storehouse, black­ sn1ith shop, a tannery, and several small dwellings. To these· he gave the narne of Franklin, and from this, the valuable iron ore in the vicinity received the narne of Franklinite, and . the Post ()ffice and furnace that of Franklin .Furnace. Dr. Fowler's ~econd wife was Rebecca 1:Vood Platt Ogden, daughter of Robert Ogden 3d, of Ogdensburg, to whorn h~ was 1narried in 1816. For a tin1e he c~rried on the 1nanufacture of iron at the Hamburg forges, and afterwards at Franklin Furnace, for a while in partnership with John 0. Ford, but n1ostly by him­ self. Through his sagacity and business tact, he made remunera­ tive a hitherto failing business, and gave an impetus to this branch of 1nanufacture in this county, ·w·hich ,vas· unkno,vn before and has been felt ever since. I-Ie attended to the arduous duties of his 1nedical profession, visiting patients many 1niles away. His practice extended over five counties of this State, and even into New "York and Pennsyl­ vania. Ife was constantly visited by patients who came long dis­ tances, and was sought by his 1nedical brethren in consult~tion on difficult cases. No 1nan co11ld exceed him in industry and careful attention to all he u1:1dertook. He was well kno,vn, a personal IL\)II.H,"RU ..:\.XD ::,O)IE OF ITS PEOPLE. 99 friend and ,varrn supporter of General l ackson, \Yas t~~ice elected to Congress, and ,vas in ,Vashington in the stor1ny ti1ne of Cal­ houn and nullification. IIis celebrity as a 1nineralogist ranks him an1ong the first in the country·. I-Ie brought into notice the value of the 111inerals extending in the hill ranges fron1 Sparta to .. A.. n1ity, Orange county, with their wealth of zinc and Franklinite. Ile ,,as an honorary 1nem her of many of the scientific societies of Europe and America. IIe was a liberal supporter of the North Hardyston Church, long the President of its Board of Trustees, a regular attend­ ant upon its services, and left a legacy to the church. It is due to place him in the first rank among those distin­ guished citizens whose talents and lives have reflected honor upon their State and country. Ile died at Franklin, :February :20th, 1844 in his sixty-fifth year, and is buried in the North Church ce1netery. Sn>XEY Pn

in 1831 united with. the North Church and becan1e ,eryu useful in this comn1unity, as \veil as in his western ho1ne. I-Ie was a n1ag- istrate in St Louis. I-Iis fondness for study continued through life, and, fa1niliar with books, few surpassed hin1 in general knowl­ edge. I-le died in St. Louis. Ilis wife was J.}Iary Ogden daughter of Elias Haines, born Oct. 3d, 1806, a woman of great literary attainments, whose prose and poetic writings frequently appeared in religious papers and magazines. IIer benevolence and christian actiYity were exhibited wherever she w·ent. Her death occurred at Flora, Ill., in 1883 . .A.fter their n1arriage they lived in the Darrah-Dale cottage, which ,vas afterwards transfor1ned into the Baptist parscnage. When they occupied it, the beautiful order of the grounds and the wooded glen adjoining, n1ade it a gem of a hon1e, with pie- 102 IIARDYSTOX )IE:\IORIAL. tnresque surroundiugs. Their only child, Elizabeth, born at llatnburg ,1 une 25th, 1832, 1nari'ied General Lewis B. Parsons, of Illinois. In her were eo1nbined rare graces of n1ind and heart, and an artistic talent -w-hich she cultivated by several years of study in EuFope. She died at Scarboro, }le., Septe1nber 2d, 1887. l oIIx N E"\\-:\IA.i.~, supposed to have been born on Long Island, can1e to this vicinity f~on1 }Ionn1outh county, N ...J. I-Ie had two sons, En1anuel and David. Enianu,el purchased the present J a1nes Lndhun Munson far111 of Robert Ogden, in 1775. Ile bought other lands of Lewis }!or­ ris in 1·779, and of ....\.nthony Brodrick in 1780. IIis wife was Ann Carnes, who beca1ne entirely blind. Ile died in 1795, leaving no children. . David purchased at one dollar and a quarter per acre the BeaYer Run tract, ,,hicli, including the Dusen bury farrr1 and ex­ tending to the iiorris ·vale farn1, eontained 989 acres. Ile lived in a hous3 which stood near the present BeaYer Run Post Office . ..A.t his death his landed estate ,,as divided into six farins and giYen to his four sons and two daughters. The eldest son, Eman­ uel, inherited the Roleson farm, David the Hardin farn1, .Jan1es the Hiles farm, John the Beaver Rnn farn1, Elizabeth, ·w-110 1nar­ ried James Congleton, l1ad the Congleton farm, and ..Jane, ·who n1arried Joseph McDaniels, the Dusenbury farm. Emanirel, J 1r., died in 1850, aged '7'7 years. His sou is Sa1n­ nel New1nan! who sold the far1n he inherited to Jackson Roleson, and no,v resides near Deckertown. .Jane, wife of Emanuel, Jr... died in 1863, aged 84 years. Da1.:id Neu;-nian .JicDaniels, grandson. of David N e-wman, w·as born in 1804, and now resides near "\Vilksbarre, Pa. Ile re­ n1em hers well his con1ing when a boy to see the four co1npanies of the 2d Sussex I{egin1ent when, in 1814, they set off on their march to Sandy IIook. They assembled in Hamburg, and with :flying colors and n1artial 1nusic, n1arched over the Sharp's bridge and by the Lawrence road and past the North Church. In his childhood he was lfrequently taken to the Cary Meet­ ing House, which was then an old building, and he is sn;re it IL\){BCRU ..\.XI> :30::\IE OF ITS PEOPLE. 103 rnus t ha\""e been erected before the I{evolutionary ,var. ..tishman Cfarpenter was born in }!orris county in 176i, and at the age of sixteen became a soldier of N. J. State troops. "\Vith t"·o others, he captured a party of four IIessians, con1ing upon then1 by surprise when they had baited at a spring. The prison­ ers ,vere taken into the American lines but their1nuskets ,v-ere re­ tained. Carpenter's was preserved for a great while, until one of his sons traded it off for a bird gun. ....i\.fter the war he fanned for a ti1ne for }fr. Thon1as Lawrence, and liYed in the stone house, standing a little back fro1n the· North Church road. Coby Quick, a stone 1nason, said to have been a brother of Ton1 Quick, the In­ dian slayer, was its builder. Carpenter learned the weaver's trade, and ,vo,-e linen and woolen cloth. ..A.fter a time he received in­ struction ir(the weaving of blue and white counterpanes, and was Yer,r skillful in for1ning figures and flowers in his web. Ile died in 1839...... 4nthony Chardaz:oyne and his brother ·were early owners of the Dusenbury property, ·which was afterward sold to David N e,v111an, and inherited b_y his daughter, }Irs.. lane ~IcDaniels. They kept a store there for a long tilne, until 1-\..nthony purchased the -far111 in Red Cedar Ilollow, which after his death was bequeathed to his son 1Villian1, and is now occupied by his grand­ $0n, Barret II. Chardavoyne. On the Dusenbury farn1 is the "Indian 1.'Ieadow," and upon it is a 1nound largely 1nade up of feag1nents of broken stone and flint chips, left by the Indians who had there a sort of factory for stone imple1nents and arrow heads. Peter Shafer, born 1792 or 1793, and who still survives, was living in 1818 on the IIarker far1n, now known as the Peter Fountain far111. One 1norning he saw four black ani1nals come out of the woods and follow down the Wallkill. At first sight he n1istook them for dogs, but got his gun and pursued them. He soon found that it was a she bear with three cubs. They cli1nbed a large tree just below the Haines house, ,vllere Shafer killed the old bear and captured the cubs. I-Ie married a daughter of William Cassadv, and~~after the death of his father-in-law bought out the interest 0£ the other heirs, arid 1nade the house his l101ne until he sold it to Thomson D. Riggs. 104 HARDY:::;'fO~ :MEMORIAL. l{ajor · ....\.nsALOM Su.A.FER, brother of Peter, lived in the David Benja111in house. He was Captain of the " IIardyston Vol­ unteers," a military cu1npany for1ned in Hamburg. They ,vore blue coats, white pantaloons, and high crowned hats ; the front of each hat was covered with a plate of tin, on which was painted the name 0£ the company, and surn1ounted with a white feather tipped with red~ Peter Fountain was fifer to this company. ELus L'Ho:Ml\IBDIEu, }I. D.,.was of Huguenot descent, and born 1·794. His 1nother was Cornelia Losey, of Morris county. He began to practice medicine in Han1burg, and announced his -coming in May, 1816,by the advertisement that he had "taken board at ..J an1es Horton's Inn, and would punctually attend the calls of all who should favor hi111 with their patronage." In 1821 he purchased of the heirs of Martin Ryerson the Dr. Fowler house and far1u. Ilis wife was Sarah Denton, of Vernon. He ,vas the Fourth of July orator in 1821, and is said to have been a 1nan of n1uch ,ersatilit_y of talent; ,v-as appointed Judge of the Court of Conunon Pleas in 1832, and again in 1837, serving for ten years. Ile united with the North Church in 1831, was n1ade an Elder in 1 S3'7 and beca1ne Yery useful and influential. "\Vhcn the Ha1nburg Manufacturing Company failed, in 1838, he ,vas appointed Trustee of the creditors, and purchased, De­ ce1nber ·,, 1838, at a sale 1nade by Sheriff John Brodrick, for the su1n of $4,041, one hundred and nine acres, being that part of land conveyed by 1nortgage of N atban S1nith, whereon is the f'linton ore bed, usually called the Clinton mine . ..J" oseph E. Edsall had by foreclosure of 1nortgage secured pos­ session of the Hambm·g furna~e. L'Hommedieu '-~ Edsall united in business and operated the iron works for a time. It was a losing enterprise for the doctor, and he relinquished the entire business into the hands of his partner, April 1846. He removed to N e·w:­ ark, and entered the grocery and com1nission business with ..John ·y_ }3aldwin. Ilis connnercial ventures ,vere unsuccessful. Ile died at Bloon1field, July 28, 1853. He had five children. I-lis eldest daughter, Mary, married J{ev. Mr. l\Ioore and ren10\.,.ed with hin1 to the West. His sons, Williatn Ilenry and Hezekiah Denton, died in early 1nanhood. HAMBURG AND SOME OF ITS J>EOPL.E • 105 •J Al\IES CoNGLETOX was born in Hardyston, June 12, 1780 ; 111arried March, 1805, Elizabeth, daughter of David N e,nnan, ,vho "~as born 1787, at Beaver Run, and died 1861, on the fa1m where her entire life had been spent. Mr. Congleton united with the North Church in. 1819; was rnade an Elder in 1821, and continued in that office for :fifty years, serving the church with sincere piety and consecration. A man was once being ex­ amined before the Session for admission to the communion, and in narrating his experience said, that the regular and faithful attendance of the old deacon so affected his 1nind, he could not rest until he followed him to church and gave his heart to God. Mr. Congleton fell asleep January 21, 1871, in full age, like a shock of corn fully ripe. llis eldest son LEvi: CoNGLETox, was born .i\.pril, 1810, married Uharlotte, daughter of IIezekiah Schofield, united ,vith the North Church in 1831, and ,vas n1ade an Elder in 1S66. He re­ n1oved to Sparta, but returned to Beaver Run a short time before his death, November, 1879. I-lis wido,v- died August, 1887, at Sparta. •Jons ERAsrcs Co~,GLETos was the fourth child of Levi, born in 1S41 ; was sergeant Co. D., 27th Regiment N. J. Vols. I-Ie 1narried Anna Mary lliles, daughter of ,vi1Iian1 Hiles, of Beaver Run, and granddaughter of Rev. George Banghardt. They united with the North Church in 1866. He ,v-as 1nade an Elder in 1876, and after giving pron1ise of great usefulness, died sud­ denly, June 23d, 1879, at Beaver Run . .J onx BeeKLEY, whose father ca1ne fro1n England, carried on the tannerv.., business at Hackettstown. I-le was an active business 1nan. His name appears as a witness to a deed given for the site of the Hackettstown Presbyterian Church, in 1764, in the pros­ perity of which church he was largely interested. He married ·Mary Tnrn~r. llis sons ,vere George, Reuben, James, John, _ Robert and A1nos. He ren1oved to Ilardyston and came in pos­ session of the farms afterwards owned by Michael R. Sutton and ..A.brarn Stoll, and carried on farming and the tannery business. IIis sons, Robert, Ja1nes, John and Amos removed fron1 IIa rd vston. "' lOti HARDYSTOX l\IE:.\fORL\.L. George lived on his father's farm, and "~as an Elder of I-Iar­ dyston Church, and of North Hardyston Church after the separa­ tion in 1819, and assisted in planting the maple trees which no,, -surround that edifice. His pastor, Rev. Dr. Fairchild, in speaking -of the struggles of the church, years after the death of }Ir. Bu2k- ley, said that "George Buckley was a great worker in the church; he could almost carry the ark alone." Removed in 1837 to vV ar­ ren county. Reuben Buckley, brother of John, Sr., settled in 1,Vanta:ge township after the Revolutionary war, and had three ·daughters. Reitben 2d, son of John, Sr., 1narried Sarah, eldest daughter of Samuel and Abigail vVade. He resided and died in 1Iardys­ ton, where his widow continued to live, and raised a family of five sons and one daughter. Simon J,Vacle, the oldest son of Reuben 2d, born April 14th, 1808, married Jane, daughtBr of Jacob and Bethia Kimble. He was Elder in the North Hardyston Church fron1 1848 until his ren1oval to vVantag~ township. He the1~e becan1e an Elder in the Deckertown Church, and served until his death in 1875. IIis wife, Jane l{.imble, died in 1885. Jacob ancl Eplr,·aini Kirnble were twins, and only children of

Daniel J(imble .., who 1narried a l(eltz. Jacob rnarried Bethia .., daughter of James IIopkins, and lived at the Big Spring. IIe was an Elder at the North Church fro1n 182'7 to the ti1ne of his death, in 1863. His sons were Burr Baldwin, Jacob and David Hopkins. I-Iis daughters-Lydia, 1narried to "\Villiam Lantz; Sarah, to Sa1nuel Beardslee; ,Jane to Elder Siinon "\V. Bnckley; Catharine, to ..A.bra1n Stoll; Lucilla, to Elder Sa1nnel 0. Price; Charlotte, to Sheriff James Srnith, and }Iatilda, unn1arried. Ephrairn was the father of Robert and Ephraim lL Ile lived in the house ,vhich was burned do\'\·n, and rebuilt of brick by his son, Ephrai1n ]\[artin l{imble. ,,fconer, Hopkins owned land from Big Spring to ~Iark Con­ gleton's, and had t,,o sons, Jonathan and David, and three daughters, Charlotte, ·wife of Benjarnin l{ays, Sr.; Bethia, ,v-ife of Elder ·.Jacob l{in1ble, and· Lydia, wife of Elder Sa1nnel Tuttle. To each of his children he bequeathed a large farn1. IIA::\IBCRG A.....~D 80:ME OF IT$ PEOPLE~ 107 lVillia1n Inglis, Esquire, 1narried Lucretia, daughter of Michael Rorick. Their home was at Monroe Corners. His son, Rorick Inglis, died July, 1888. Shadrach Fountain came fro111 Saddle River, Bergen Co., N. J., and worked on the farm of Thomas Lawrence. His name indicates his Huguenot descent. Ile ,vas the father of Peter Fountain, and Mary, wife of Nathan Smith. Nathan Srnith was born in 1777, and died in 1857. IIe was the owner of the vV elch far1n, which he purchased fron1 Joseph Sharp. After the discovery of the he1natite iron ore mine upon it, he sold the farn1 to the Clinton }fanufacturing Company, and lived on the Harker farm, along the Wallkill, above Hamburg. He afterwards bought the far1n on the Mill road, and lived in the house which vVilliam Ayres built in 1822, opposite the Bennett Field. Henry I. Simpson took down the old house and built the present one, for one of his sons. Mary Fountain, wife of Nathan Smith, was born in 1780, and died in 1835. Nathan left a large property divided at his death an1ong fourteen children. Nathan Smith and Peter Fountain together bought the Harker farm. Smith sold out to Fountain, and Fountain sold considerable portions of it to Colonel Edsall. TVillia1n Ayres lived on the ~Iill road, and his sons, Archi­ bald and James, in two sn1all houses, ,vbich he put up for then1 on the two hills beyond. In the first, afterwards lived the vVidow llarkharn, "-"b.0 told fortunes, and was accounted a ,vitch. Be11ja,nin, son of Moses and Abigail N orthrnp, was born at lUdgefi.eld, Conn., 1739, and died Septe1nber 1774. His wife was Lenora, born 1739, and died l'Iarch 1811. They re1noved first to Dutchess county, N, Y., and ca1ne about 1769 to the North Church and lived on the Plains farm no,v- owned by the Franklin Iron Co. lIe ,vas the owner of a large tract of land. Their sou }loses was born 1762 and died 1846; their grandson ~loses \Vhitehead "·as born 1799 and died 1877, and IIenry Northrup of Lafayette is their great grand son. CHAPTER 1r11.

THE SECOXD WAR "\YITH EXGLA:XD.

Congrees declared war against Great Britian on the 1 Sth of J tme, 1812. The result of the fall elections of that year in our State was the complete overthrow of the administration party, and the triumph of the Federalists, or Peace party, in the choice of 1nembers of Congress and the securing of a 1najo1ity in the Legis­ lature. Colonel Aaron Ogden, son of Judge Ogden, of Ogdens­ burg, was chosen Governor. I-le was at that time a resident of Elizabethtown, engaged in the successful practice of law. The voice of her people ,vas in condemnation of the war, but never was New Jersey found to falter in patriotis1n, nor did she ever refuse (like sorne States) to call out her contingent of troops. "'\Vhen the nation was in actual conflict with a great power, it was not the disposition of her Governor, her Legislature and people, to hesitate in bearing their part in the sufferings and privations of the struggle. So great w·as the confidence reposed in Ogden:that President Madison no1ninated him as Major General, with the in­ tention of placing hi1n in comn1and of the forces _operating against Canada. He, ho-wever, declined the appointrnent. In the conflict which followed the declaration of w·ar, N e·w .Jersey did not suffer fron1 actual invasion. The contest was prin­ cipally carried on upon the frontiers and upon the sea, yet her sons bore their share in the great struggle. "'\Vho joined the na­ tional army from among the citizens of our town cannot now be fnlly ascertained. A man named Cr·ill, com1nonly called " Cap- THE SECOND ,\.• .\.R \YITll :ENGLAND. 109 tain," was w:ounded in the shoulder at Lundy's Lane. Upon his discharge he can1e to Canistear, where he lived for 1nany years, and fron1 time to time appeared in Hamburg to receive his pen­ sion. Among his sons were Fred and }Ioore Crill, who had an unenviable reputation. The Second Sussex Regiment New Jersey 1nilitia, of revolu­ tionary fame, still continued its organization. Many were veter­ ans, but young blood mostly coursed in the veins of those who filled its ranks. Four companiE:s marched to Sandy Hook, when

New York CitvcJ was threatened with assault from the British fleet. One of these companies ,vas led by Captain Charles Beards- lee, of the North Church, and another by Captain John Cary, of Hamburg. Their recruits were 1nainly I-Iardyston men. Some military companies from Orange county joined them, one of which was commanded by Captain Alanson Austin, of Warwick. ,vrLLIA:\I AND HE~RY WARREN OGDEx, nephews of Gover­ nor Ogden~ were scarcely more than lads when they received midshipmen's warrants in the navy. ,Villiam soon left the ser­ vice, but his brother continued a naval officer the remainder of his life, rising to the rank of Captain, and co1nmanding his own sbip. IIe cruised in every quarter of the globe, and was sent on many important expeditions. In his yisits to Hamburg he loved to recount son1e of the eventful scenes of his life, and especially the cruise of the frigate Essex. He was ordered on board of her upon receiving his first com­ mission. The Essex was commanded by Captain David Porter. She carried thirty-two guns, and on the 3d of July sailed fron1 Sandy Hook on a cruise to the south. On the 13th of August she encountered the Alert, a British ,,.. ar vessel, which ran down upon the Essex's quarter sending the shot over her decks. The fire was gallantly returned, and after an action of only eight min­ utes the Alert surrendered. Captain Porter put on board of his prize a crew of his own men, and sent her with his pdsoners to New York. Iler capture was the first American success of the war, and her flag sent to Washington, the first taken from the enemy. Captain Porter continued his cruise, doubling Cape Horn 110 HARDYSTON :MEMORIAL. amid tremendous storms, and entering the Pacific Ocean. For six months he cruised along the coast of Chili and contiguous waters, n1aking havoc of British shipping. The news of- the Essex achievements caused, at length, the sending of a force to destroy her. She had been carried into Valparaiso for supplies, and was just standing out for sea, when the frigate, Phrebe, and the slope of war, Cherub, made an attack. This was in neutral waters and contrary to all the rules of war. The Essex had lost her main top mast, the wind was contrary, and in close proximity to the coast, she could not be brought into position to use her broadsides. Anchors were dropped ahead from small boats, and and the hausers were hauled to bring her into place. All this was done under the heavy fire of the hostile ships. After three hours of useless conflict the proud Essex surrendered. to her foes, with the loss of 124 1nen in killed and wounded. Her Captain and ere,, were paroled and sent in a small brig, one of Captain Porter's own captures, called the" Little Essex," to the United States. \Vhen approaching N e-w· York harbor they ·were inter­ rupted by an English armed vessel and detained for days regard­ less 9f their parole. Early one 1norning Captain Porter took to the long boat with as many men as she could carry. They were thirty 1niles at sea, yet eluded the e:fforts of their pursurers to sink them ,vith shot or to overtake the1n, and landed safely on the Long Island shore. Ogden ca1ne ho1ne on leave, and in full health and handsome naval snit, he was the adn1iration of so1ne and th~ envy _of others who had been his companions of earlier jays. In 1nature years he ,vas naval co1nn1ander in N e,v 1-ork harbor, and on board his "receiving ship," the North Carolina, receiYed the visits of noted persons, both An1ericans and foreign­ ers. Ile paid a lengthy visit to I-Ia1nhurg in 18!6, and a year or two later died in New· York City. Ile ·was. distinguished for sea­ manship as "\\"ell as for gallantry in action. G-enerous and i1npnl­ si,·e, he ,vas often entirely self-forgetful. Once '"'d1en his ship was in the harbor of Gibraltar, one of his seaman fell overboard. In a 1no1nent he leaped after the sailor and sustained hirn aboYe water until a boat could be lowered and come to their rescue. IIA)ffil:RG AXD I> .ATER~<>X TCRNPIKE ROAD. 111 lIAlIBURG AXD PATERsoxTcRXPIKERoA.D. Furnished by IIon. Tho1nas Lawrence, and first printed in the New Jersey IIerald. The "Harnburg Turnpike Road" was chartered in 1S06, while Colonel Joseph Sharp was a 1nember of the Legislature. It ·was first constructed frorn Hamburg to Paterson, and was subse­ quently extended to Hoboken, on the east, and Milford on the west, from which it connected with a road to Bath, N. Y., forn1- ing an important outlet for the Lake country and "\Vestern New York. Its route across Sussex county was from Stockholm, by way of I-Iambnrg, Deckertown, Libertyville and Brick House to Milford, Pa. Some of the mile stones are yet standing, announc­ ing so 1nany" 1niles to Hoboken or Jersey City." The for1ner coaches ran with four horses, and made three ,veekly trips, on alternate days, bringing 1nails and passengers. The arrival of the stage was an important event, and the sound of the driver's horn .announced its approach. There were relays of horses at Captain Brown's., New Found.land, and at Deckertown. Deckertown ·was the extent of travel for one day from New York. The first regu­ lar meeting for organization was held at Stockhohn, Jannary 1, 1806. The :proceedings read as follows: "' .....t\.t a meeting of a nn1nber of gentlemen from the towns of Newark, Acquaconack, Paterson, Pompton, New Found.land and Hamburg, on the first day of January, 1806, at New Fonndland, for the purpose of taking into consideration the practicability of erecting a Turnpike road fron1 IIamburg through Pon1pton to ~icquaconack, fron1 thence to intersect the Turnpike at the Cedar Swamp, by Schuyler's n1ines...... \..lso frorn Robert Oolfaxes Corner in as straight a direction to the to-wn of New· Ark as the ground will achnit of; also for extending the said Turnpike fro1n I-lan1- burg to the line of N e-w York, or the Riv·er Delaware, in order to facilitate the traveling from the ,,estern country. Thomas·Lawrence, Esq., in the chair. The follo-wing reso­ lutions "~ere agreed to : lst-Resolvecl, That a Turnpike road be erected fro1n llarn­ hnrg to Colfaxes Corner, fro1n thence to Acquaconack so as to iutei-sect the Turnpike at the Cedar S,va1np. Also fron1 Robert Colfa:xes to N e,v Ark on the best direction the ground ,vill ad1nit of, ,vhich last is to be considered as a separate. stock. 2d-Resolved, That John Linn, of Sussex, Thtiartin Ryerson, of Bergen, ....\..braha1n Ackern1an, of .A.cquaconack, Esquires, together 112 HARDYSTON l\IEl10RIAL. with a gentlernan hereafter to be chosen by the citizens of New -4.\.rk be a committee to attend the Legislature at Trenton, in Feb­ ruary next, for the purpose of procuring a law to erect the said 'Turnpike. 3d-Resolved, That the above Committee procure and circu­ late petitions to the Legislature for the purpose of obtaining the 1tbove law which shall stipulate Hamburg as the place where the Turnpike is first to commence. 4th-Resolved, That the following persons, or their asso­ .ciates, be appointed to secure subscriptions for erecting said Turn­ pike, to wit : Joseph Sharp and John Seward, of Sussex, Esquires, Robert Colfax and Martin Ryerson, of Pompton, Esquires, Charles Kinsey, ....t\.brahan1 Godwin and ....t\.braham Van Houten, of Paterson, Esquires, Abraham Aukerman and Garret VanHouten, Acquaconack, Esquires, ..John Odle Ford, of Morris •County, and Jacob I(enouse, of New Found.land. 5th-Resolved, That }Iajor Gordon, of Paterson, get inserted in the New ....t\.rk Gentinel, that application will be made to the Legislature in February next for a law for said Turnpike. 6th-Resolved, That the aforesaid Turnpike shall be desig­ nate~ i"'n the law by the name of the ;Hamburg Turnpike. ·, tu-Resolved, That Alexandria lie\Vhorton, Esq., be requested to draft a Bill to be presented to the Legislature in Feb­ :ruary next for said Turnpike, and Major Gordon is hereby desired to take the execution thereof in charge. 8th-Resolved, That the sun1 of eighty thousand dollars be raised for the purpose of n1aking said Turnpike frorn Hamburg to Acquaconack. 9th-Re.sol1.:ed, That twenty-fiv-e dollars shall be the price of each share. lOth-Resoli:ed, That one dollar on each share be paid in advance at the ti1ne of subscribing. 11th-Resolved, That there '"shall be nine directors, one of ,,horn to be chosen for their President, and five to 1nake a ,quorum. 12tli-Re8oZ.ved, That every subscriber shall be entitled to a vote f<.,Y each share subscribed, to the ntunber of ten, and for everv-., five shares over that number one vote . 13th-Resob:ed, That the hills between llan1burg and the Bergen line are not to exceed six degrees elevation and the re- 111ainder part of the road not to exceed five degrees. 14th-Re.solved, That the road from Han1burg to Acqua­ •Conaek shall be 1nade twenty-four feet ·wide. 15th-Re.solved, That "'the Co1nmissioners to lay out said HAMBDR(~- A~D PATERSO.N TCRNPIKE ROAD. 113 road shall be chosen by the President and directors. 16th-Resolved,, That when one thousand shares are signed for, the Committee are required to call together the stockholders in order to choose directors." Tho1nas Lawrence, Esq., ,vas fro1n the start, one of the 1nost active spirits in the enterprise and was a director in 1810, as shown 1>y the notice found among his papers. MAY s, 1810. ~\.t a meeting of the Stockholders of the Paterson and Hamburg Turnpike Company, at the house of Martin G. Ryerson, Pompton, this day, you were elected one of the Direc­ tors for the present year. .l\. meeting of the Directors is requested :tt M. G. Ryerson's, Pon1pton, on Monday the 28 of this inst., at 11 o'clock forenoon at which 1neeting you are desired to attend. Bv order of the Directors, ... )L\RTIX ..r. RYERSON, Pr. To Tho1nas Lawrence, Esq.

The following 1uen1orial is endorsed ".1\. 1ne1norial to the P •. M. General frorn the citizens of I-lambnrg, Stockholm, Po1npton, Paterson and ....i\..cquaconack, on the subject of the establishn1ent of Post <):£fices and a post route between Ha1nbnrg and New York :

" To (}mEoN GRAXGER, EsQnrnE, PosT MASTER GEXER.\L OF THE lTNITED ST.<\.TES, ..:\T THE CrrY OF VV .A.sHINGTON: "The subscribers, inhabitants of the villages of Hamburg,. Stockholm, Pompton, Paterson, and Acquanunck, and their vicin­ ity, in the State of New Jersey, beg le3ve to represent that a turnpike road has lately been completed fron1 Hamburg through the several other villages to the city of New York. That the dis­ tance thereby to the city has been much shortened, and the facil­ ity for traveling greatly i1nproved. That the citizens residing in and near the villages aforesaid beg leave to solicit the Post Master General to favor them with the convenience of having a Post ()flice established at the villages of Stockhohn, Pompton, Pater­ son, and Acquanunck, of which they have heretofore! been de­ prived, and consequently has subjected the1n to very great incon­ veniences, expense, and delay in their com1n unication of busine...~ with the city. That the settlements on this route have become -very populous, and the business transacted, even under their pres­ ent privation of a public conveyance, is such that in their opinion 114 it ,vould add very considerably to the revenue of the postal depart- 1nent. l~ our 1ne1noralists pray:- therefore, that you will take their request into consideration, and grant the1n the conveniences they now solicit . ., ,. .. .. '"They beg to add further that it is contemJ>lated to cou1mence running a stage shortly fro1n the Yillage of Hamburg on the above route to New· York City, and ,v-hich they take the liberty to sug­ gest to the P. 11. (+., under the idea that a contract may possibly fron1 that circumstance be 111ade ,vith n1ore economy for the con­ Yeyance of the n1ail, · and that the distances between the offices solicited for 1nay be known, your 1nen1oralists have enjoined a schedule of the places and the distances fron1 each other, and fron1 llamburg to the city of New York." The road was co1npleted through the whole extent about 1810 . . PJ ersey City was originally called Paulus I-look. The Paulus I-look Ferry was well known to older travellers, and the crossing of the Hudson RiYer was a 1natter of apprehension ,Yith the tin1id. In 1S02 there \,ere onl., v thirteen inhabitants within the lin1its of the present city, exclusive of the settle1nents of Bergen and Comrnunipaw. Thon1as I"::iwrence in a letter ,vritten in 180± to a 1nember of hi$ fa1nily said: '' I wish to entertain you \Yith all the ne,vs afloat, and an infor1nation was announced to 111e last night that will be new· and sin-prizing to you. "\Vhat think you of a new city, to be called the City of Jersey ~ The grounds have all been purchased, on a lease of 999 years, of the Dutclnnan, the proprietor. This has been done by a con1pany of gentlen1en in New York. The lots, many of them, have been laid out, and many sold. The plan is to be similar to the city of Philadelphia. The situation is ele­ gant, and the salubrity of it will induce its speedy settle1nent." It was incorporated in 1820. Gov .....i\..aron Ogden 1noved there in 182S, and was 1nade Collector of Custo1ns. A stea1n ferry took the place of the old sail boat.

CCST0:\1S _\~J) LO<".\L III~TORY.

In the days '"·hen flax was raised and all the fa1nily linen was homespun, it was the custo1n to haYe spinning ·visits. .A.. ftcr the flax had been gathered and hatcheled, it ,vas divided into por- 115 tions, and the boy~ would go out on horseback to carry a s1nall bale to each hou~e. The girls of the fa111ilies spun the flax, and upon iin-itati LOCAL HISTORY. 121 fonnerly carried on a little farther down on the Pequannock strean1. The narue of the river Pequannock means, in the Indian lan­ guage, the dark or black creek. The whole range of the Ham­ burg Mountains was called by the Indians " ,v a-wa-gan-da," which is still applied to a part of the range, with the change of a single letter, n1aking fVaioayanda. Very near the county line, on the Pequannock River, stood the " W indbam forge," and a little farther up stood the " New Snufttown forge." Then on the Seward branch stood the forge, grist mill and saw 1nill of Stephen Ford Margerum. Poe.hunk is said to l1ave been the name of an Indian chief, fro1n whon1 the mountain was called. The termination iink is frequent with Indian names of 1nountains, as Monunka Chunk, Musconetcunk, Shawangunk, and others in N e\Y York and Penn­ sylvania. CHAPTER VIII.

MEXICAN ~"'TI Clv~L "\YARS.

Hardyston had little part in the MEXICAN ,v AR. FoWLER HAMILTON, son of Benjamin and Sally IIan1ilton, was a graduate of the 1Vest Point Military Academy. He served with distinction under General Taylor and General Scott, rose to the rank of Major in the Regular Arn1y, and died w·hile on duty in Texas, after the war. \V.ALLACE C. CoLLETT was a student at law· in Ha1nburg when the war broke out. He returned to Paterson, his nati,e place, and raised a "\r olunteer Company, who chose him Captain. He took his company to Texas and served in several battles under General Taylor. A Lieutenant from Orange Co. challenged hint to a duel, in which he was killed. 1-Iis brother was Colonel ].fark ,v. Collett, of the 1st N. ~J. Volunteers, who fell w-I1ile gallantly leading his regiment at Salem I-Ieights, ·v· a., liay 3d, 1863. l\'Ir. Edsall, our Member of Congress fro1n this District, had obtained promise fro1n President Polk, that if a co1npany ,,·as raised here it would be accepted and the. officers he norninated co1nn1issioned. The company was raised, but the officers did not r eeeive their co1nmissions, and nothing came from the enlishnents, much to the

HARnYt-TO:N IX THE CIYIL \\. AR. 123

HARDYSTON IN TIIE CIYIL "\VAR. With the national uprising that followed the assault upon Fort Sutnpter, our section fully sympathized. A few of the _young n1en entered the three months service of the first volunteers, but 1nost of those who desired to go found the ranks of the New Jersey quota already filled. The defeat of Bull Run had very n1arked effect in arousing patriotic feeling. Soon after August, 1861, Tnol\.rAs R. l-IAINES was authorized to recruit 1nen for the Ne,v Jersey Cavalry Regiment ,~lhich was being raised. :Meet­ ings ,vere held and addresses made in school houses and public places, and in a short time the required nurn ber enlisted, and forrned Co. Ir. 1st Regiment, Ne,v Jersey Cavalry. Haines de­ ferred his clai1ns to the captaincy of this company in favor of his friend, Virgil Brodrick, and accepted the 1st lieutenantcy. Cornpany M. of the sa1ne regin1ent was also mainly recruited here, and Haines w·as subsequently made its Captain. In the pursuit of Jackson up the Shenandoah Valley, the 1st N ..tT. Cavalry was placed in the advance. On the 6th of June, 1862, Colonel ,vindham, contrary to orders, advanced his con1- 1nand beyond his supports and fell into an an1buscade at Harrison­ burg, "\' a. He was himself with a nun1ber of officers and n1en captured, and Captain I-Iaines was killed. Lieutenant .A.. LAssox AusTr:s ,vas at the ti1ne of his enlist­ ment a clerk in a Newton store. He ,vas a cousin of Captain Haines, and co1nrnissioned 2d Lieutenant of Co. M. At the bat­ tle of Cedar Mountain ..A .. ugnst 9tll, 1862, lie ·was struck by a shell which took off his right leg. I-le was carried to the rear, but soon afterw·ards expired ,vith patriotic senti1nents upon his lips~ and asking Chaplain Pency to pra1~ with hin1. VIRGIL BRODRICK, born near Lafayette, ·was clerk for son1e .. ~tn1e }n. ~ store in l-Ian1burg, and afterwards at Newton. Ile serYed as private in the first three 1nonths voh1nteers, and ,yas 111ade Captain of Co. 1~. 1st N. l. Cavalry. I-Ie passed through 1nany battles, sho,ving great courage, rose to the rank of Lieut. Colonel, and ,vas in co1n111and of the regi1nent at the battle of Brandy Station, ··v a., J nne 9th, 1863, leading his 1nen in a charge 12-! II.ARDYSTOX ~.IE:\IORIAL. upon the enemy's crunp at daylight. Ile was struck by a bullet and :fell almost at the entrance to the tent of General PJ. E. B. Stuart, and was buried in Virginia. The 1st N. J. Cavalry Regiment participated in nearly one hun­ dred fights during the four years of the war. Few organizations haYe left a n1ore honorable record. Companies K. & M. poured out their blood on the numerous battle fields, and left many of their fallen to slumber in southern soil. Survivors still bear the scars of their honorable warfare, and it is their glory that they belonged to this regiment. The handsome monument, erected by the State of New J er­ sey on the Rummel farm, near Gettysburg, to the 1ne1nory of the fallen of this regiment, has inscribed upon it the names of the three officers above mentioned. Under the President's call of July 7th, 1862 .. for three hun­ dred thousand volunteers, three cornpanies were raised in Sussex County for the 15th Regiment N. 'J. Infantry. Co. D. was re­ cruited in Lafayette, Co. I. in Newton, and Co. Ii:. in Hardyston. 8.AJic-EL FoWLER, of Franklin Furnace, was appointed Colo­ nel. He commanded the regiment until after its arrival at Bakersville, Md., where it was brigaded in the 1st Brigade N. J. troops, 1st Division, 6th Army Corps. At this place Colonel Fowler was stricken with typhoid fever, and when the army moved across the Potornac into Virginia he was left behind under the care of Surgeon Sharp. From this attack he never fully re­ covered. For a time he resu1ned his command, but was by ill health forced to resign his commission March 6th, 1863. Colonel Fowler was born at Franklin, in 1818, and inherited 1nany traits of character from his father, Dr. Samuel Fowler. His 1nother was Rebecca "\V ood Platt, daughter of Robert Ogden 3d, of Ogdensburg. He was untiring in his efforts to further enlist- 1nents, and his influence was largely felt in gathering the con1- pan:ies which nis county and State sent into the field. Ile studied law ·with Governor Haines, was ad1nitted to practice, but never continuously followed his profession. Ile was naturally eloquent, and gifted with a degree of personal magnetisn1, which had great power to sw·a~· an audience. Leav·ing the arrny, he retired to his 1:!5 ho1ne at Franklin. Chosen to the State Legislature, be insisted upon being taken fron1 a sick bed to 1nake the journey to Trenton He \vas present at the organization of the Jionse of Assen1bly, in the discharge of what he regarded as a duty, and was taken back to his hotel, where he shortly breathed his last;·· Jan nary, 1865. His funeral was attended by the Legislature in a body, and he was buried at North Church Ce1netery. Lieutenant ..J oIIx Fo,YLER was a brother of the Colonel, and the youngest son of Dr. Samuel Fowler, born at Franklin 1825. He :first entered_ the rnilitary service as 2d Lieutenant Co. K., 1st N. J. · Cavalry. Ile resigned his co1nmission in the Ca,­ alry, and upon the organization of the 15th N. J. Vols. was appointed 2d Lieutenant Co. K., and prornoted 1st Lieuten­ ant# of same co1npany. I-le was in charge of the a1nbulance train, but anticipating .the moving of the army, had some days before requested to be returned to his regment. He came back only to sacrifice his life, and to be killed b}~ a bullet shot just before sundown in the battle of Salem Heights, Va., }lay 3d, 1883. A co1nrade wrote : '' He was in the thickest of the fight, leading his company, whei: he was struck by a minnie ball in the left side of the breast, and with a single excla­ mation fell to the grouud, and lay perfectly rnotionless. At this moment we were ordered to fall back, and were obliged to leave our ,vounded and dead in the hands of tl~e enemy." His body was ne,er recovered from the battle field. A handsome cenotaph is erected to his me1n orv in North Church Cen1eterv. u ~ ,Joux P. FowLER, born Nov. 13th, 1813, nephe,v of Dr. Sa1nuel Fowler, was Captain of Co. M. 1st N. J. Cavalry, but re­ signed his conuuission and accepted the appoint1nent of Sergeant­ Major of the 15th N. J. Vols. .A. brave and gallant 1nan, his 11a1ne was the first placed on the list for promotion to a con1- 1nission in the regi1nent. A railroad bank below Fredricksburg had been captured by a part of the N. ,J. Brigade, on the after­ noon of December 13th, 1862. Fearless of danger he stood upon the track, rendering hi1nself, a tall n1an, a conspicuous mark for the enemy's sharp-shooters. A bullet stri1ck hi111 in the thigh, severing a large artery. In the confusion of the moment it was 126 HARDYSTOX lIEMORIAL. irnpossible to stay the fl.o,v of blood, and he expired in a few· rnin­ utes. Ile ,vas buried at evening ; and as we were recrossing the P"3.ppabannock t~·o days later, his cousin, Col. Fowler, arrived, his body was taken up, sent to \Vashington for eu1balment, and to Hamburg for burial. On his to1nb is inscribed: "He fell gal­ lantly :fighting for the constitution, the union, and the enforce- 1nent of the la~·s." HENRY M. F OW'LER was the second son of Sergeant ~Iajor Fowler, born near Han1burg in i846. He was sixteen years old when he enlisted in Co. l{. 15th N. J. Vols. Upon the death of the father the Governor gave the commission intended for hiin to his son, who was made 2d Lieutenant Co. G. He was wounded and captured at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12th, 1864. After a painful experience of the l1ardsbips and cruelties of Southern prisons, he made bis escape from the cars as a large body of prisoners were being transported to another place of connne1nent. By a romantic series of adventures and deliverances in the n1oun­ tai:ns and swamps, he at last reached the Union lines in Tennessee. He returned to the regiment and received his second promotion to be captain of Co. A. After the war he served in the regular army, and lost his life some years later in New Orle~ns during the prevalence of the yellow fever. He fell a victiin to his sense of duty, refusing to leave his post, where he had charge of the large city cemetery. I-Iis 1nen1ory wts honored by a meeting largely attended by Confederate and Union officers in the city, who paid all the e:i~nses of his burial and sent his orphan children to the North. lIARTIX C. ,~Ax GELDER ,va.s Orderly Sergeant of Co. I{. 15th X. J. Vols. lie was born at IIan1bnrg about 1835, and lvas liv­ ing at Deckertown, when he enlisted. He ·was 1nortally ,,ounded at sunset in the battle of 1VIay 8th, 1863, at Spottsy1vania, \:a., and fell ,vithin fhe enernies lines, but after dark some of his con1- rades reached hi1n and brought hiin off in a blanket. ..As they carried him in, he said, "Tell 1ny wife I die happy, .Jesus is 1ny Savior." IIe suffered great agony frorn a ,vound in the Lreast and could not lie down ,vithout causing the blood to flow· afresh. ()n the 19th of l\tiay he died in the hospital at Frederirks- HARDYSTO.X IN THE CIVIL '\VAR. burg . .,...\.1nong others of Co. l{.., who fell in battle, or died frorn wounds were : JA:\IES CASSIDY, Corporal of the Color G·uard, born at .IIan1- burg 1835, wounded at Spottsylvania, May, 8th 1864, and died May 22d. Buried at Fredericksburg, Va. CnILEON II. BRo,VN, Corporal, born near Hamburg 18:1:2, killed at Fisher's Hill, Va., Septe1nber 22d, 1864, and buried on battle field. FRANKLIN S. BisnoP, 24 years old, killed at Salem Heights, May 3d, 1863, body never recovered. Mo:rs~rouTrr BoYn, born near Hamburg, 1843, died June 8th, 1864, from wounds received May 8th, at Spottsylvania, Va., buried at Arlington. lsAAC Bi""Rllr, killed at Cedar Creek, October 19th, 1864, buried at Winchester. SEnu.....~ Co~"'XLis, 25 years old, killed at Spottsylvania, ~:lay 8th, 1864 buried on battle field . ....:\.)..-ORE\Y J. DoYLE, born at Franklin, 1844. He had been twice badly wounded, and preferred to return to his regin1ent rather than be transferred to the Invalid Corps. He came back fron1 the hospital a short tin1e before the battle of Cedar Creek, Va., in which he was killed by a shell, which struck off his head, October 19th, 1864. I-Ie ,vas buried by his comrades near the spot where he fell. LE,YIS L. l{ENT, Corporal, \\"as a shoeu1aker at I-lam burg, born 1823. \Vhen the Sixth Corps ,vithdrew frorn the south bank of the I{appahannock, on the night of ~J nne 13th, 1863, the passage across the river was effected so quietly that nurnbers of our soldiers were not aware of it until the bridge was taken up. In a shelter tent under the bank were sleeping privates .. Albert Fowler, Hira1n C. Sands, and ]{ent. In the 1norning they found themselves prisoners and ,,~ere n1arched off to Richmond. They were shortly after exchanged, and l{ent ca1ne hon1e on a furlough. In the charge at Spottsylvania }lay 12th, 1864, he ·was instantly killed by a bullet ,vonnd in the breast, and buried on the field three days after the battle, near the Salient (Bloody Angle). 1~8 H.A.RDYSTOX l\IE)IORIAL. AxDRE\\. h\.:\IBERT, 23 years old, killed at Salen1 l-Ieigh ts,,... a., May 3d, 1863. Body not recovered. Bo,vnE,vr:NE MEDD~l\.1.7GH, nineteen years old, died at Alexan­ dria, ,ra., June 7th, fro1n wounds recei-v-ed May 12th, 1864, at Spottsy lvania, bm·ied in National Cemetery. SrnNEY N. MoNKs, born at SnnfftO'\Vll in 1840, killed in the ,Vilderness, Va., }lay 6th, 1864, and buried on the battle field. O.A.l""fIEL O'LEARY died May 11th, from wounds received at Salem Heights }lay 3d, 1863, bu1~ied at Washington, D. C. ELI D. V .ANGORDEX, of Wantage, born 1S4:2, killed at Salen1 Church, Va., May 3d, 1863, body not recovered. BARNEr VAN ORDEK, of Hamburg, aged 44, killed at Salen1 Church, v.,.. a., May 3d, 1863, body not recovered. CHARLES A. ZEEK, aged 25, killed at Salen1 Church May 3d, 1863, body not recovered. OB.ADIAH P. LAJ.~Tz, Co I., 15 K. J. vT ols., aged 21, and .JosEPH vV. SToX..:UlACK, Co. D., 15 N. J.Vols., aged 21, died fron1 typhoid fever, in the army, in 1863. Their ·remains were brought home and buried in North Church Cen1etery. List of soldiers buried in Hardyston :

AT NORTH CHURCH CE:\IETERY. 1. Sa1nuel Fo-wler, Colonel 15 Regiment N. J. Vols. 2. '):'homas R. I-Iaines, Captain Co. ~I., 1st Regt. N. J.

3. Cenotaph to ,.John Fow1er, Lieutenant Co. l{.., 15th N . ..J. Vols. 4. lienry 0. Fowler, Co. IL, 37th N. J. -Vols, ... 0. George \V. Doland, Co. M., 1st N. J. Ca,.. 6. Charles Pr.ice, Co. :M., 1st N. J. CaY. X athaniel D. Martin, Corporal Co. l{., 1st N. ,.J_ CaY. 8. Thon1as J. Lewis, Sergeant Co. 1{., 1st N. J. Cav. 9. <)badiah P. Lantz, Co. I., 15th N. J. Vols. 10. ,.Joseph W. Stonaback, Co. D., 15th N ...J. ,~ ols. 11. ,villiam Lozaw, Co. K., 15th N. J. Vols. 12. :Daniel Everman, Co. K., 15th N. J. Vols. 13. ..John E. Congleton, Sergeant Co. D., 27th N ..T. , .... ols. IIARl>Yi=;TO~ I~E TH cn-n.. \VAR. 129 14. .John Cassady, Co. II., i'7th N. J. ,r ols. 15. Nelson iiabee, Co. D., 27th N ..J. \Tols. lfi. Searing "'\Vade, Co. D., 27th N. ,J. Vols. 17. loel Carnpbell, --- Penn. Vols. 1 S. lan1es }IcDaniels, 16th N. 1:~. Independent Battery. 19. }Iatthew Babcock, Co. 13., 124 N. l ..... V.,.. ols. 20. }Iartin "\Vright.

.\.T 1l A:\I.BL"RG. 21. ~John P. :Fowler, Sergeant ~Iaior15th ~- J. Vols. 22. Daniel "\V. Tinkey, N. Y. Engineers. C I-I ....\.PTER IX.

EARLY CIICRCIIE::;. In 1738 the population of New ..T e1·sey was less than fifty thousand, and that of Sussex County between five and six hun­ dred. " At that time there was not a school house or a meeting house ,vithin the limits of territory con1prising the present coun­ ties of Sussex and "\Varren." [Edsall.] The Hollanders, in the ~iinisink region, selected fro1n their own people a youth of talent, sixteen years of age, J obn Casper Fryenmoet, who1n they sent for education to Holland. They paid his expenses for four years, and upon his return in 1741, erected four buildings for his use. These were the Mahackemack Church, now Port J erv-is, the Minisink in iiontague, the "\Val­ pack, and the Sn1ithfield in Pennsylvania. - The :first Greenwich Presbyterian Church was built of logs previous to 1744, i;;.hich J a1ne"; Campbell preached, and also David Brainerd, when in the vicinity. Peter John Bernhard and Casper Schaeffer, his son-in-law, were Germans, who came in 1·7 42 fro1n Philadelphia to Stillwa­ ter. "\Vith other Ger1nans they forn1ed a congregation and appropriated a plot of ground for burial purposes, and for a church site. Mr. Bernhard died in 1'74:8, and his was the first interment in the new cemetery. A church building was erected In 1771. The congregation was German Reformed in its con­ nection, and was subsequently 1nerged into the Presbyterian Chureh of Newton. Er\RLY UHCRCHES. 131 Edsall says: '' .in 1·769 Newton contained an Episcopal congregation ; about the same tin1e a Ger1nan congregation ,vas gathered, and a I:)resbyterian congregation w·as soon brought together.'' The congregations at N ewto:1 had no church buildings •. for a long tirne afterwards, and their 1ne1nbership was s1nall. After the Court House was erected the Presbyterians held servi­ ces in it until their church was built in 1787; and there also the ReY. L zal Ogden, the Episcopal n1inister, preached fro1n 1771 until his re1noval in 1779. The church at Been1er ~Ieeting Ilouse was organized by set­ tlers fron1 Connecticut. Its govern1nent at first was Presbyterian in fo!·n1, but afterwards it united with the Connecticut Association and .becan1e congregational. I ts earliest pastor was ...!\.. • .....i\.ugustine, of whon1 little is known. The second was Jabez Colver, who was accused of Toryis111 during tbe Revolutionary ,var, and after the conflict re1u0Yed to Canada~ haYing served this church for thirty years. There the goYennuent gave hin1 a large tract of land_ He held extensive landed pr-:>perty in Snssex County, and Culver's Gap, and Culver's Pond ,,ere probably nained for hin1. I-Iis suc­ cessor ,vas Rev. n1Ir. Seely, a ~odly n1an, ,vho visited in Hardys­ ton, and occasionally preached and adn1inistered the sacrarr1ents in the Cary Meeting House. }Ir. l{anouse, in 1844, says of hin1: "Ile ·was a gooq. 1nan, and n1uch beloved by his people, and is still rernen1 bered by the aged with delight. Under his 1ninistry the church ,vas built up by hopeful conversions to God.'~ Seven other pastors succeeded .Mr. Seely, the lastofwho1n was Rev. Bar­ ret }Iatthias, a cultivated and graceful speaker, and a vigo1.~ous and interesting ,vriter upon religious subjects. On the 13th of ~uly, 1844, the church resolved by unanimous vote to unite with the Second Presbyterian Church of Wantage. It was constituted a separate organization by Newton Presbytery in 1882, and is now called the Papakating Presbyterian Church. The earliest settlers at Ha1nburg were Presbyterians and Reforrned Dutch, who had occasionally religious 1neetings in their houses as early as 1750. Says Mr. William Rankin: "In 1770 three families came here fro1n Rhode Island, na1ned Marsh, Hart and Southworth, who were Baptists." The Baptists of the towns of IIARI>Y~TO:N ::\[E~I<>l{IAI .•

\Vantage, l{ardyston and N ewtou, "banded together 111 chureh relation," with Willian1 lfarsh as their preache1·. ..A.11 old bond, executed by Williau1 l\riarsh, of IIardys Town, October 20th, 1762, to Robert Ogden 2d, sho-ws that he was Ii ving here at that date, and also that Judge Ogden had at that early time business trans­ actions with the inhabitants along the "\Vallkill. }Iarsh lost his life in the 1nassacre of "\Vyoming, in 1778. In 1777 the Baptists chose Constant I-Iart as pastor, and organ­ ized a religious society, taking the name of the "Baptist Church of '\Vantage, Hardystown and N ewtown.n They built a house of worship on I..1awrence's IIill, to the west of Hamburg. Its loca­ tion ,vas not satisfactory to the Baptist families, who were rnostly in Wantage ; and in 1782, five years after its erection, it was taken down and rebuil_t in "\Vantage, and became '' The First Baptist Church of ,vantage," 1nore commonly known as the Pa­ pakating Meeting House. The Dutch 1niniste1·s fro111 the }Iinisink region visited the settlers of the Clove, and at a 1neeting of the inhabitants, .. A.. ugust 21st, 1787, a petition was drawn up and signed by fifty-five narnes, asking for organization as a I.ow Dutch Church fro1n the Classis of New Brunswick. ....:-\.t Sep ternher classis, 178·7, "' was granted and ordered the forn1ation of a cc.,ngregation in the Clove and vicinity." '· Agreeable to said order," elders and deacons were ordained, and the church was constituted ..::\.pril 16th, 1788, by Rev. Elias V. Bunschooten, its only pastor while it continued a Dutch Church. IIelmos Titsworth's barn served as a 1neeting house for a tiine, until a log church ,vas built a little south of the present edifice. By vote of the 1ne1nbers, N overn her 24th, 1817, it beca1ne Presbyterian. The following record is found in the Clerk's office at N ewtt)n: ".A.t a rneeting of the Presbyterian congregation in llardys­ ton, in the county of Sussex, holden at the dwelling house of Rob. Ogden, Esq., the present and most usual place of meeting of said congregation, on Thursday, 23d N oveb1ner, A. D., 1786, in order to form a body corporate and choose trustees, agreeable to the act of the Legislature of this State, passed the 10th March, 1786, due notice having been given by advertisements agreeable to the directions of said ac-t. .1.\ ser1non ".,.as preached by the I{ev. EARLY CHl::RCHE~. 133 ;Jas. \Vilson previous to the election. The 1neeting then proceeded to business and chose l{ob. Ogden, Esq., ~Ioderator; Rob. Ogden, Jr., Clerk. The }Iodera­ tor and Clerk being chosen, the n1eeting pr0ceeded to the choice of trustees, when the following gentle1nen were elected: Rob. Ogden!' Esq., Christopher lloagland, Esq., Charles. Beardslee,Esq., Christopher Longstreet, J aphet 13yran1, Rob. <)gden, Jr., Esq., Tho1nas V anl(irk, Esq. "I certify the above proceedings to be regular and true. RoB. 0GDEX, ~Ioderator.'' ....\.t the sa1ne 1ueeting, the trustees chosen, took the oaths re­ quired by the act of the Legislature, and assu1ned the name and title of the " First Presbyterian Church in IIard_yston.~' " It would not be amiss to date the church back to the ti1ne when services were held in the house of Robert Ogden. This was perhaps as early as 1780. The church ,vas built on land (to the extent of 54 acres,) given for that purpose by the proprietaries of New ..Jersey. For s01ne years it was a 1nere shell of frame, roofed and weathe1·boarded, with roughly hewn seats for the wor­ shippers. Th.~ old fra1ne i-emains to-day, apparently as strong as ,vhen first put together. The original n1e1nbers of the church are supposed to have nu1nbered ten, and to have been nan1ed · as fol­ lows : Christian Clay, Mary Clay, his wife; .Jonathan Sutton, Robert Ogden, .Jonathan Sharp, J'ane Mills, ,,life of Robert Mills; Mary Johnson, wife of Andrew .Johnson; Gabriel Paine, John Linn, and ~Iartha, [his 1nother.] .. April 8th, 1810, there v;ere 40 on the roll. }lay 14th, 1819, there were 99 active 1nembers of the church, and 49 of then1 were dismissed to forn1 the church of North Hardyston, and 13 to for1n that of IIan1burg, leaving 37 to 1 continue the First Church of Hardvston.., ' [Chambers Sparta lie1t1orial.] The congregation of the First Church of IIardyston began the erection of a house of worship at the bead of the "\V allkill, now Sparta village, in the spring of 1786. This organization was designed to include all the Presbyterians of the town, but the inhabitants of North IIardyston, who worshipped at Cary's 1neet­ ing House, petitioned for land to be given the1n also, ,vithin a reasonable distance. The petition ,vas favorably considered, and a second donation of land ,vas secured through the courtesy of ,T udge Lewis }!orris, signer of the Declaration of Independence, and a parsonage lot of Z>4 acres ,vas set off for congregational pur- 13-± I L\RDY~TOX ::\IE)IORIAL. poses to the people of North IIardyston. The land given is a part of the farrn of Asa iiunson, and kno,vn in his deeds as "the Pai-sonage Lot." The 1ninutes of record at Perth A1nboy, are in Book S, S, page 1±2, 30th J\iay, 1787. Grants of land had been 1nade by the East Jersey Proprietors for church purposes to the leading deno1nination of each town. In N e,Yton the Episcopalians ,vere stronger and received the gift of a farm; in Hardyston the Presbyterians were the most num­ erous, and obtained the double· gift here spoken of. The date of the erection of the first CARY l\ifEETIKG HousE cannot be gh-en with certainty. 1782, the year the Baptists re- 1noved their church fron1 Ha1nburg, is accepted by son1e, and a con1n1e1norative 1neeting ,v-as held at the North Church in 1882. Others think it was standing during the Revolutionary War. Deacon Garret Ken1ble said,'' It stood there long before." The testhnony of the few living who worshipped there in early life 1nakes it a very· old building. Burials were 1nade on the spot as early as 1774. lfrs. Sally IIarnilton desc1--ibed it as having a very substantial fra1ne, and said it ,vas used n1any years before its com­ pletion. The ceiling was never plastered, and the swallows rnade their nests on the bean1s . ....\. subscription paper, dated June 19th, 1813:- speaks" of the decayed situation of the old meeting house near the \Vd. Beard­ slee's." .....\. building n1ust ha,e stood 1nany years, before such a description would be suitable. The Cary Meeting House continued its connection with the First Church in Hardyston, at the head of the Wallkill, until l\Iay 15th, 1819, when it was organized as a distinct church with sixty-one n1e1nbers. Fifty of these can1e by letter and eleven ,vere received on profession. On July 18th, nineteen more were received by letter, and eight on profession, making the total mem­ bership eighty-eight. The corporate na1ne adopted was " The North Presbyterian Church of Hardyston." The "Presbyterian Gliu 1rch of Hamburg" was constituted a separate church May 14th, 1819, the day previous to the organi­ zation of the North Church of Hardyston and by the same com- 1nittee of Presbytery.. The records have long disappeared. E ..:\.RLY CIICRCIIE':::i. 135

,~ erv., little is 110,v re1nen1bered of the earlv"' 111inistrv., of the l"'irst Church in IIardyston. The 11a1nes of Rev. lVlr. Jackson, and of Rev. l\Ir. Seeley, fro1n the Frankford and "\Vantage, or Bee1ner nieeting Ilouse, Church, appear as doing n1inisterial ser­ vice a1110ng 0111: people. Re,-. IIoLLO\YAY ,V IIITEFIELD IIuxT ,~as the earliest pastor of who111 1nuch can he said. There is no record of stated preaching in our churches until 1795, when l\Ir. I-Iunt took charge of the 1st Hardyston, Cary's Meeting liouse, and Newton Churches, serving thein until 1S02. Ile receiYed fron1 Robert Ogden the use of a farm, and finally the posseseion of it, conditioned upon his re­ maining as 1ninister to these churches for seven years. He re­ ceived his deed, gave his receipt in full, and shortly moved away­ fle ·was of an English fan1ily who ca1ne to .....t\.1nerica in 1652. Ilis parents \Yere Augustine Hunt and Lydia Holloway, and he wa~ born in Orange Co., N. Y., 9th April, 1769. llis father, who re1noved to "'\Vyorning, Pa., but after the n1assacre, in 17'78, fled with his ·fa1nily and returned to Orange. Co., advised his son to seek so1ne life ,vork for hiinself, saying-, "All I have to give you is 3, dollar and the blessing o:f God." After his conversion, Hollo- "·- , way began to preach as a Methodist minister, but found his edu- cation inadequate, and as soon as be had secured 1neans,-by chopping wood and cleaning land-he prepared for college, grad­ uated at Nassau Hall in 1794, and came here the following year. 1-Ie was licensed by the Presbytery of New Brunswick, in Decem­ ber, 1794, ordained and installed over the churches of Newton and Ha1~dyston, June 17th, 1795; and died January 11th, 1858, in his 89th year. · . During his 1ninistry the Presbyterians of Hamburg used a large school-house, with a chiinney at each end, which occupied very nearly the site o:f the present Presbyterian Church. In this school-house Mr. Hunt frequently held evening services. On one.. occasion he preached a sermon, ever remembered by Mrs. Sally Hamilton, upon the words," Faith, Hope and Charity."· When Joseph Sharp was living here, he took down the large school­ house?· and built a s1naller one, near where the iron bridge of the Lehigh l.~ Hudson River Railroad stands. Mr. Hunt's brother 136 HARDYSTO!\ MEMORIAL. ,vhon1 he assisted in educating, and se-\-eral of his sons anQ grandsons, becan1e 1ninisters. Fro1n 1802 the church had for three }-ears supplies furnished. by the New 1-ork Presbytery. In the ,vinter of 1805 B.\RN.ABAS K1xG, a frail and youthful looking n1an, a graduate of Dartrnonth College, who had studied for the 111inistry, ·was teaching in the State of New 1-ork, and preparing to go further west to so1ne of the newly for1ued settlements. • ..:\. friend, }Ir. Beach, of ~{orris= County, had ,vTitten to hiin that there was an open door in north­ ern New Jersey. fle purchased a horse, crossed the ·Hudson River at Ne,vburg, and entered Ne-\v rJerse_y near \Ternon. On Christ1nas eve he stopped for the night at a tav-ern ,vhere there­ was a country ball, but obtained very little rest. Thjs ".,.as prob­ ably the old ta,-ern house in I-la1nburg whose site is now· occupied. by the new house of Henry ,v. Edsall. The next day the trav­ eller reached the hospitahle 1nan~ion of Robe1·t Ogden 1 \t7ho ga'\""e hirn a cordial ·welcon1c. Rev. ....t\.lbert 11arues \Yrote that he knew· of no n1inistcr whose­ \Yalk and labor and success had been so adn1irable as those of Barn­ abas l{ing, of Tiocka,vay. ()ne of our 1ne1nbers recollects his com­ ing to the house of her father, Judge John Linu, at IIar1nony --v· ale, to baptize one of his children. Robert Ogden gave l{r_ King a letter of introduction to his son-in-law, Colonel Joseph lackson, of Rockaw(\y. The churches of Rockaway and Berk­ shire , ...alley ,vere vacant, and Mr. King took charge of the1n in connection "~ith Sparta and the Cary lieeting Honse, and this­ arrangement continged for three years, when h~ rc~civcl a call t.o preach one-half of his tirne at Rockaway,' with the salary of $125,. and afterwards of $208. .A. great revival began at Rockaway,. and at one couununion nearly eighty ,vere recei"-ed into the church. " lie began at once," says f)r. ,.Joseph F. Tuttle, "in the rnost systeu1atic 1nanner to 1ninister to his people. Ile not only preached in every neighborhood, brit visited every house for re­ ligiuns instruction and pra_yer. IIis labors became excessive at ti1nes, and for weeks together an1ounting to ten public services a weak, besides his regular visits in the parish and visits to,tTie EARLY CllURCIIE~. 137 :5ick? Ile died in April, 1862, in his eighty-second year, and .after a pastorate of fifty-five years. In 1810 ()r.. 1YER GREEN, a licentiate, became stated supply . .Before his ordination he died at the house of Robert Ogden, .....\.ugnst 24th, 1810, and was buried in the rear of the Sparta t-Church, where l'Ir. Ogden placed a tombstone · to his 1nemory. :He was the son of Oliver Green, of Ashburnha1n, England, grad­ ·uated at Dartn1outh College in 1807, and was licensed to preach by :South "\Vorcester 1-\..ssociation. In 1811 JosEPH Lr~~ SIL\.FER, D. D., began his ministry, :~ivi11g by agreement one Sabbath out of four to the congregation .at Cary's Meeting I-louse, and preaching also at Sparu. and N evl­ t-011. fie received $132 fron1 the North Church as their propor­ iion of the salary. In 181:5 he ceased to preach in Hardyston :and took the exclusive charge at N ewtou, remaining there as pas­ tor until his death, with the exception of t"·o Jears spent a.t Mid­ dlet.own Poirrt. · Casper Sclueffer ca1ne fro111 the Palatinate, Gennany, and set­ tled in 1742 on the. bank of the Tehoe-netcong creek,· now the Panlins l{ill~ near the site of the present village of Stillwater. Ile inarried Maria Catrina, daughter of Sohn Peter Bernhard, ,vho ~also settled in Stillwater. Casper had eight children, of v;hon1 Isaac ,Yas the sixth. Isaac Schreffer 1narried for his second wife, -.t.\Iartha Linn, danghtet· of Joseph Linn and Martha l{irkpa.trick. ..Joseph L., their oldest child, \Yas born at Stilhvater May 9, 1·78·7, united with the Y ello,Y Fran1e Church in his fourteenth year, .and died at Newton Xoveinber 12th, 1853. Tlis w·ife was Diana Forn1an, of Freehold. · Dr. Shafer's usefulness continued until he ,vas strieken ,-rith -paralysis, shortly before his death, ,vhile reading the closing hy1nn .:after his sern1on. Ile was n1ost conscientious in his religious con­ ·victions and afrectionate to\vard the people of his charge. Ilis 1ninistry in North Ilardyston \YHS distinguished by the building -of two churches. 1\.. subscription list dated Jun~ 19th, 1813, reads: ",,Te, the .snbscribers~being sensible of the decayed situation of the old .n1eeting house near the widow Beardslee·s, and of the necessity 138 IL\.RDY:::-TOX ::\IE:\IORL\L. and great utility of haYing a_ decent and con1fortable house erected at or near the place where the old one stands, for public ,Yorship, do engage to pay the several sn1~1s annexed to our respectiYe 11an1es. vVhen a sufficient snn1 is subscribe

111eeting.~-

EXTRA<'T~ FRO~I THE DIARY OF REY. ED'\\".A.RT> ALLEN.

"Sabbath 23d .A.ugust, 1818. This day a Presbyterian Church ,,as dnly organized in Newfoundland. The ordinances were ad111inistered at Bro-\vnville in a barn. This w·as a very sol­ emn daY. Tlic largest audience asse1nbled that I haYe e,~er seen ., ' . EARLY CHCRCIIE8. 141 in this region of the country, between 4 and 500. Dr. McDowell preached from the words,' And he shall see of the travail of his soul.' ,vhile the ordinances were administered a no. of a:ftec­ ting addresses were 1nade. It ,vas a time of deep solemnity. Mr. Green preached in the 1,. )£. fron1 the words, 'And yet there is roon1." I trust that the transactions of this d~n--.I ,vill not soon be fo1·g~tten. Mr. Green and 1nyself rode to Snufftown. I preached in the evening at Mr. Ford's to a large assembly. "Tuesday, 25th ....L\..ugust, 1818. Had made a pro1nise to at­ tend a great meeting about 20 1niles distant-near Decker Town. This had been appointed by ReY'd Mr.Williams and Mr. Baldwin . ...::\.rrived at J ndge Linn's at even. · '~ ,vednesday, 26. In a gig with.Judge Linn, rode to Been1- er lieeting House. Ilere found five Presbyterian Clergyn1en assembled, two of the Baptist order, one Methodist and one Inde­ pendent. At 10: public worship co1n1uenced. The exercises were opened by Mr. "\Villiams. .A..fter an exl1ortation and prayer, Mr. Greer, of N. York State, preached a good ser1non. I-le was succeeded by Mr. Crane, of Sparta. The audience was large and not hal£ eould get into the house. Mr. Shafer, of Newton, eo1n- 1nenced the exercises with a short prayer. I then preached a ser- 1non, and was followed by exhortations from Mr. Bald win and Mr. Shafer. At 4: the 1neeting was dissolved. In the P.1r. we preached standing in the door .. ._It was judged that nearly 2,000 persons were present, but the order and solemnity ,vas as great as if it had been the Lord's day. Spent the nigl1t at Judge Linn's and had the pleasure of Mr. Ogden's and Crane's co1npany. •' Thursday, 27th August, continued at Mr. Linn's until 1•. )r . ....\.t li: ,vas inforn1ed that Mr. Jjnn's brother· had e::"-..'l)ired the day before. He was ill but half an hour before he becaine a corpse­ a solemn providence. Spent the night in Hainburg at Mr. Odell's, a Methodist. \Ve had 1nuch interesting and edifying co11yersation during the evening and retired late. .., "Friday, 28th. Continued in Han1burg until i o'clock P. )I., dined at Mr. Gould's [Elder Johnson N. Gould]. Made arrange­ ments to exchange labours with Br. Baldwin a few days the con1- ing "-eek. Arrived at Pittenger's Tavern at tl1e appointed hour for meeting, and preached again in the evening at Mr. l~ onn!(s to a cro,vded house, "How will you escape, if ye neglect so great salvation.~' Many were affected and the n1eeting sole1nn. One rnari desired our prayers. · "Tuesday, 1 Septe1nber, 1818. Had agreed to exchange with Br. Baldwin for a few days. Set off for Judge Linn's where I had an appointment in the P. M. Preached to a crowded house- lU.. RDYSTOX )IE)IORIAL. the people gave good attention. "\Vednesda_y, 2d Septe1nber, P._)r., preached at Cary ~Ieeting I-Ionse to a full house, the people were attentive; returned to Judge Linn's and spent the night. "Thursday, 3 Septen1ber, 181S. In the P. )I., "\\ith :Thir. Linn rode to the place appointed for preaching. Found a crowd­ ed house and spoke to then1 from these words, '' 0 ,vickecl 1na11 thou shalt surely die." }Iany appeared affected. I thought proper to appoint another r.neeting in the evening. lVIr. Teasdale, a Baptist Clergy!nan was present ~nd took part in the e:xercise8. I spent the night with hint at Mr. Hammond's. " Friday, 4 Sept. Arose at an early hour and rode about a 1nile to l\Ir. Rorick's for breakfast. vVas agreeably entertained with fr-nits. Caine to Mr. Gould's, ,vhere I was hospitably enter­ tained. In the r. )I. visited a few fa1nilies. They were willing. to converse and some promised they would endeavor to refor111. One n1an pleaded inability. In the evening addressed_ a Yery large audience. They were very attentive. I spoke fro111 these words, ' 0 J erusaiem, (..\:°c., but ye would not.' "Saturday, 5 Sept. Rose at an early hour, walked ± 111iles to Judge Linn's, took breakfast, and being favored with his horse and gig I went to Newton and spent a few hours at Br. Shafer's. Returned and in the evening preached at llambnrg in a tavern. The people attended ,veil. Spoke from .the parable of the " Rich n1an and Lazarus." Spent the night at ~Ir. Ryerson's. Co1n·ers­ ed ·with Mrs. R., an intelligent won1an, relative to the conce1~ns of her soul. Retired at a late hour. " Sabbath, 6 Sept. After the n1orning duties repaired to the house of God with raised affections. It pleased the Lord to put it in the hearts of many persons to assemble together this day. I felt animated \\-·hile addressing so n1any precious souls-,vas ena­ bled to speak ·with great freedo1n. I atternpted to expose the Yain excuses of sinners. In the r. lI. spoke fron1 the 1st Yerse of 29th chap. of Proverbs...... \.fter this ,vent to Vernon, about six 1niles, and preached to a cro\vded house. Spent the night at l\Ir. "\Vinans' tavern.. \T ery agreeable fan1ily. '' }Iondav., .. , 7th. Returned to Newfoundland. l)id not 111eet Br. Baldwin. Dined at l\Ir. Ford's. Eve'g. attended the rnonthly concert for prayer, we had a very interesting rneeting-the house ,vas crowded ,,·ith people ,vho ,vere very sole1nn ConYerscd ,,·it11 1Ir. 13abbitt who has recently e1nbraced a hope." One day as llr. Allen was returning fro1n a 1neeting- an old gentleman invited hi111 into his house, and said that if the people would build a 1neeting house, he would give the land and fifty dollars. On October 1st! 1818, a n1eeting was held in n school E.A.RLY CIICRCIIES. 1-:1:3 house, ,vheu the people resolved to build a church, and five Trus­ tees were chosen. Mr...... \.Hen was 1nuch engaged in Sunday Schools, of which there were several large and full. "One girl recited 1152 verses, and another 800." '' Son1e youth conunit 200 Yerses evary week." "Thursday 8 Oct., 1818. Attended Pres­ bytery at Elizabeth Town, and was examined for ordination. Six young 111en received License, viz: Crane, Condit, ....L\.rn1strong, Babbitt, Osborn, Ford. '' Tuesday 19th, 181S. In the evening preached 1ny trial sermon for ordination in the session house of the Brick Church, [N C"\V York City]. It was determined that I be ordained at New-­ foundland on the 2d Tuesday in No,. Spent the night with Br. Cox at the house of }Ir. Dodge. " Sabbath, 24 Oct. This was considered by 1nany as the 1nost interesting day that was ever witnessed· in Newfoundland. T·wu additional elders were elected. Thirteen persons were bap­ tized, etc. Strictest attention from a large audience. Dr. Mc­ Dowell preached and considered this as the 1nost solemn da. y he ever witnessed. The Lord was evidently in the rnidst of us. I trust this was a day long to be remembe-red. "Tuesday, 10th- Nov., [1818]. This day had beeu ap­ pointed by Presbytery for my ordination as an Evangelist. The weather was very favorable. Ten of the clergy were present and seven elders-a very large concourse of people assembled. The exercises were perfor1ned in Capt. Martin Brown's barn. The Rev. }Ir. vVilli~ms comn1encecl the exercises. Mr. Condit rnade the opening praye~. ....\.n admirable sermon was preached b_y Sa1nuel Cox,'· I an1 not asha1ned of. the Gospel of Christ." ~Ir. Fisher 111ade the consecration prayer and delivered the charge, and Dr. .McDowell concluded the exercises by a pertinent address to the people. All was solen1n and affecting. May I never for­ get the sole1nnities of this day. The vows of God are upon n1e. 1fay I ever look to him for assistance to fulfil the duties of n1y station. "Friday. 18 Dec., 1818. Rode through the n1ountains­ ca1ne to Bro. Bosteclo~s, [Methodist l\'Iinister] and preached in his house. Not n1any attended. .A.. bout 10 in this place have nnited the1nselves to !Ir. B.'s church. .,.<\...rrived at N e·wfoundland and rwcached in the evening at the house of Maj. Sutton. The atten­ dance was good. IIad the pleasure of seeing Bro. Enos .l1.. Os­ born, on his way as a J\'Iissionary to Decker Town, to assist the Rev.. }Ir. "\Villia1ns. The Lord is reYiving his work in that region. "Jany. 1st, 1819. The year past n1y labors owned and b1est 144 HA.RDYSTO~ MEMORIAL. of the Lord. ..A. church f or1ned in Newfoundland of 45 rne111- bers. One in Stony Brook of 17 members, and a great Revival in IA>ngPond. · "' Jany. 31st. Twenty-two persons received into the church at Long Pond. · " In February preached in Post Ville and Amity, where )Ir. Timlow attended, who was about to become their 1ninister. As­ sisted at ordination of Mr. Miller, at Blackriver, Chester~ Morris Conntv. cl "Thur~day, March 11, 1819. "\Vent to Hamburg-had agreed to spend the day, which had been set apart for fasting, humiliation and prayer, with Bro. Baldwin. .li. considerable num­ ber of people assen1bled. We each nlade an address. · In the evening I preached from the History of Bartimens. It was very storrny which prevented 1nany from attending. Staid at Mr. (ionld's. '' .Friday, 12 March. Understood that the people in Ham­ burg had issued a subscription with the vie\v of having 1ne to preach for the1n one half of the time. "Saturday, 20th March. Had n1ade arrangen1ents to ex­ change a few days ,vith Bro. Baldwin and accordingly set off for :Franklin Furnace, arrived at }fr. .Munson's before night and took tt3<1.. In the evening preached to a crowded house. The atten­ tion of the people was good and solen1n. \Vent to Ha1nburg to Mr. Gould's. "Sabbath, :!1st .oiarch, 1819. ..A. cold day. Those present "\\·ere very attentive. In the evening preached at Vernon, 6 n1iles from Ila1nburg, to a very crowded and attentive audience. Spent the night at Mr. 1Vinans'. "Monday 22d. Itode passed in the evening to Pochunk and preached to a thronged assembly. \Ve passed a solemn evening and a aumber appeared affected-the I...iord hles$ed the word preached. ''Tuesday, i3d. Caine to Han1burg. Called on Mr... Jones and spent the day with him, his wife a rnember of the church. Storm prevented preaching. Becan1e acquainted ,vith Dr. L'llom­ medien. ""\Vednesday, 24th. ..A.t ;Judge I...iinn's. Evening preached in S. liouse to a Yery crowded house. Many obliged to stand. Solemn 1neeting. Bro. Baldwin arrived during the service. "Thursday, 29th March, l 819. Newark-Attended Pres­ bytery-\vas directed to preach at llamburg and the North Church until the next stated meeting of Presbytery, commencing in ,June. E..\..RL Y CIIURCUE::3. 145 ;, Friday, 14 May, 1819. Carne this day to IIa1nburg. IIad the pleasure of meeting Brothers Fisher, Williams, Crane and Baldwin. P. ~r. Bro. Fisher preached a sermon suitable to the occasion, and afterwards constituted the church. .A.11 the clergy went to Judge Linn's to spend the night. ..,'fllQ.

~· 1 •...... ,. -1.i: ~\) ~:;,-~}-- \ •:-.) .."'

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THE NORTH CHURCH.

CHAPTER X.

NORTH HARDYSTON A~~ IIAlIBURG CHURCHES.

The following minute is taken fron1 the Sparta Session Book: "May 14, 1819. The Session of the First Presbyterian Church of Hardyston 1net agreeable to notice at the house of Thomas Ryerson in Hamburg. Present, John Linn, Johnson N. Gould, George Buckley. The Rev. Mr. Samuel Fisher, Bishop of the congregation of Paterson., presided as Moderator. ()pened with prayer. Forty-nine [whose names are given else­ ·whereJ applied for dismission from this church to join the North Church in Hardyston. Whereupon it was resolved that the ap­ plication be granted and that the several persons named be dis:­ missed agreeable to their request. 1'7 .XOHTII HARDY~TO.X A.XD HA.:\IBCRG CHCRCHE~. 1-:t, •• 1, Johnson N. Gould; 2, Elizabeth Gould; 3, }Iartha l{ee\-e; 4-, iirs. Jane Jones, ,v. of Tho1nas ; 5, Nancy Silsby; 6, ,Jane ,,rood; ·,, Pris~illa ·Vibbert, ,v. of \Villia1n; S, Hannah Can1pbell, w·. of John; 9, Julia I{in1 ball; 10, J obn T. Perry; 11,' Jane Pei-ry ;. 12, ]rilary Edsall, and 13, lviary -v· an vTliet, applied for disn1ission to join the church in !:Ia1nburg ; whereupon it was resolved that their application be granted and that the several per­ sons named be dismissed at their request. " The session then closed ,vith prayer."

FRO:.\[ l\IINUTES OF SESSIOX.

North Uhurch of IIardystou, }lay 15th, 1819, 3 o'clock, P. l\I. "The persons whose names are underwritten, 1nen1bers of the Presbyterian congregation worshipping in this place, being de­ sirous of enjoying christian fellowship and the special ordinances of the church of Christ, n1et at their usual place of ,vorship and opened their meeting by prayer to God for his guidance and blessing. - "The Itev'd San1uel Fisher, being present, was chosen Mod- erator and John Linn Clerk. . '' After having produced satisfactory testin1onials of their having been adn1itted members -of the Presbyterian Church, and of their disrnission fron1 the churches to which they respectively b~longed, they unanin1ously adopted the following constitution, VlZ: I. That we do this day, humbly trusting in the grace of the great Shepherd and Bishop of Souls, cordially unite together as a Christian Church, under the na1ne and style of the North Presbyterian Church of Hardyston. II. That we do sincerely receive and adopt the confession of Faith of the Presbyterian Church and do approve of the gov­ ernment and discipline of the same, as exercised in these United States. · III. That we do sincerely engage to walk together in Chris­ tian fellowship and love; tenderly and carefully watching over one another in the Lord. · IV: That we do solen1nly engage to submit to the discipline of this church, when administered according to the rules ·of Christ, as long as we continue members of the same. " The communicants of the church then chose John Linn and George Buckley Elders, and Mr. Linn Deacon. These per­ sons having been already ordained to these offices were not reordained. Eleven additions were received upon profession. 14S HARDY8TO)i :\IE:MORI..AL. The loss of the records prevent us fro1n knowing ,vhat oth­ ers beside the thirteen na111ed ,vere rccehred by letter fro1n other churches or by profession of faith into the Hamburg Church when constituted. By direction of Presbytery Mr.. A.lien can1e at the end of the 1nonth to assun1e charge of the churches. We 1nay again take np his diary which f nrnishes the best history of his ministerial labors. "Thursday, May 2'7, 1819 · Thus have I spent one year and one 1nonth in preaching the gospel in Newfoundland. The Lord be praised. Ile has done great things for the people in this des­ titute region. Three churches have been established-.containing 45 in one, 35 in another, and 21 in the third; the foundations laid for three meeting houses. This year has proved the most happy of 1ny life. The Lord go with me to that people among whom for a few_n.1onths I expect to labor. " Friday, 28th, spent the f orn1er part of the day in 1naking preparations for re1noving to Hamburg. ,,; Saturday, 29th, can1e to IIamburg. Stayed at Mr_ ,John.son ,,..:..., - (":JOU Id' S. " Sabbath, 30th, 1819. ..:-\. cloudy day and appearance of rain. Preached at the 1neeting house one sern1on. The audience was respectable, but I felt cold and dull, and fear the sern1on was not n1uch felt. Dined at Mr. Ryerson's. Messrs. Ford and Bruer, la.wy~rs, '"'ere prese~t. In the P. :\I. rode to Vernon and preach­ ed at the school house. The audience was not large but atten­ tive; "Behold 1 stand at the door and knock, etc.' Spent the night at Mr. "\Vinans'. Next day I visited the school in Vernon and exhorted the children to remember their Creator in the days of their youth. In the P. M., in con1pany with Mr. "\Vinans, went to Pochnnk and heard Mr. Vreeland, a liethodist, preach. Went to Mr. P~ Ryerson's where l spent the night. "Tuesday, 1st lune. ..A.ttended the funeral of Mr. B--­ once a professot of religion but had grievionsly apostatized and died fron1 internperance. Ile is gone to render up his account. In the. afternoon I preached at the school house near i1r. Ryer­ son 's. Conversed ,vith a young 1nan ""ho was a little serious. '' Friday -!th. Visited the school near .Judge Linn's. .A.ftcr cxan1ining the pupils, addressed theo.1 on seeking the Kingdorn of I-leaven. P. :\1., Visited a nun1ber of fan1ilies. Found Mr. Tuttle and wife at the Big Spring. Serious irnpressions. Had a'n interesting interview ~-ith the1n, and particularly with two men w·bo were laborinf?' at his house. ()ne w·as 1nuch affected and .NORTH HAIU>Y~TO~ .A~D H.\~[B[li<; C ffCHCBE~. 14!) thought i1e would, without delay., seek the one thing 11eedful. The other, his apprentice, appeared s01ne,vhat i1npressed, Eaid he had forsaken n1any of his evil practices, but he feared the scoffs and sneers of his young companions. .At the next house found }fr. l{in1ble and his ,vife both professors of religion. He had been in n1uch distress and lost his hope, but was in a 1nore con1- fortable state of mind. Addressed a Joung ,voman here who was careless, but promised to forsake her evil ways and think of her eternal concerns. Hopkins fa111ily-The 1nan did not seent very happy to see 1ue, but invited 1ne to go into his house. His wife was son1ewhat serious. Can1e to Mr. English's, ,vas detained by a shower all night.. I saw him the next morning. Called at the Hopkins', found Mrs. H. serious and had a conversation with her. Spent an hour in the fa111ily of }Ir. Smith. Jlis case was pecu­ liarly interesting. A native of Ireland, he had been a professor of religion and thought he enjoyed its con1forts. He appeared penitent and w·ept 1nuch. I exhorted hi1n to return nnto the Lord ,vho ,vould heal his backsliding. . "Sabbath, 6th ,Tune. North Church. Endeavored to sup­ plicate a throne of grace that the Lord would this day own and bless 111y feeble labors. Repaired to the courts of the Lord and found a large asse1nbly convened. Ilad 1nuch freedon1 in address­ ing inuuortal souls. 'Behold I lay in Zion, etc'. In the J•. )I. ' Parable of the Supper.' The attention was good. Baptised four children. .Attended sabbath school at the Stone S. House. !Icard the J~ible class. . ,; lionday ·,. In the 1•. :\I. attended the 1nonthly concert -0f prayer, at the 1neeting house. 1\ goodly number of people at­ tended. ConYersed v;ith sou1e persons on the subject. of religion i1nn1ediatelv after service. '' Tuesday, .June S, 1ny birthday. So teach 1ne Lord to num­ ber n1y days, etc. )Vith .Judge I,inn rode to Newton, to attend the County Bible Society, was appointed a director, 1uay I dis- charge 1ny duties ·with fidelity. Wednesday, Bro. Enos Osborn, laboring at Deckertown, called on 1ne and spent the day. We exan1ined the points on which he expected next week to be exam. ... ined ln·ti Presbvterv., ., for ordination. "Thursday, P. :\I., preached at the school house [Ne,, Pros- peet] near lVIr. Givans, to a full and interesting house. Spent the uight at Esq. Buckley's, an Elder. "Fridav 11. \Tisited Mr. Givens' fa1nilv. Conversed with ~ u the old gentle1nan on 1nany points. Ile is indulging a hope. Also ,vith two young wo1nen-both seriously in1pressed. One trusted she had f onnd a hope in the Lord .J esns. . Visited another 150 fan1ily-worna11 unconcerned. Urged the necessity of seeking an interest in the Savior. She appeared pleased ,vith 1ny visit and desired 1ne to call again. Left a n1essage for a young woman who had hid herself at my con1ing. Visited Mr. Buckley's--Fonnd Mrs. B. and a young wo111an under exercise of mind. Called on her 1nother-in-law, a pious old lady. Dined at Israel Munson's and conversed with hitn and his wife. Visited Mrs. Wade. Preached at school house near the Franklin Furnace. The house was filled with attentive hearers." These extracts exhibit something of Mr... Allen's life and ·the style of his labor3. Ile wa.s au c:1rue3t pre3.cher and faithful pastor. Those who1n he visited and conversed with_ were 1nostly all in due time brought to Christ, 1nany of the1n by his faithful personal appeals. Ile labored here for nearly two years, during which tiine 28 1nen1bers were received into the North Chnrch, and a goodly nn1nber into the Ha1nbnrg Church. fle went to Deckerto-wn and the Ulove, and 1net ,vith ,vonderfnl success, a.nd especially in his labors at Bce1nerville. The following is front the dia1·y of Iiohert Ogden : "' Saturday, October ::23d, 1824--Went to Decker "fo,~n. Lodged at Mr. Allen's. '' Sabbath 24th-.A.. ttended the co1nrnunion at the ne,\· n1cct­ ing-honse below the 1nC\untain in "\Vantage [Bee1nerville] under the pastoral care of l\Ir. Edward Allen. A powerful and extensive revival of religion has taken place· in that congregation, and the congregation of the Clove aud of Decker Town, now united under the care of Mr.. i\llen. Over one hundred and twenty-two mem­ bers were received into the church, of who1n 1nore than fifty were baptised. Mr. Job Foster Halsey, a licentiate fron1 the Seminary at Princeton, was there and assisted Mr. Allen in the ad1ninistra­ tion of the ordinance. The house, though lai·ge, ,Yas cro\vded to vverfl.owing. The exercises of the day w·ere solen1n, itnpressive, edifying, and consoling, and in the highest degree alarming to the it11penitent. 0 n1y God, let not the operations of thy Spirit be suspended, but 111ay they still be visible an1ong that people and also be extended to this barren corner of Thv vine"'ard.'' •i •J Mr. Allen was for nine years in charge of the "\Vantage Church. His field extended fifteen 1niles east and west, and fro1n six to eight tniles north and south. :Failing health co1npelled hirn to suspend his labors for a tirne, but lie resurned the1n later at .NORTH H.ARDYSTO.N ~\.ND IIA~[Bt.:-RU CHCRCHES. 1v~1 Milford, Pa. ,vhen the Second Church of \Vantage ,vas organ­ ized, in 1834, he preached there two years, and then returned to }Iilford for two years. Jie had charge at different times of :five other churches in Pennsylvania, to all of which he came in their weakness and left then1 greatly strengthened and enlarged. As 1nany as ten church buildings owe their erection to his endeav­ ors. He died .A.. ugust 1st, 18'7'7, aged eighty-five years. His first wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Elder John Linn, of Harn1ony Vale, whon1 he 1narried while 111inister here. }Jjs second wife was the \Vidow Louisa T. Richardson, of Harford, Pa.

The following'-~ is an extract from North Church Sessional J{ecords: ,; Near the close of the year 1820 the Rev. Edward Allen, after laboring among us as a }fissionary a year and a half, accepted a call fron1 the Presbyterian Church and congregation of ,van­ tage, N. J ." "During the winter of 18&1 the congregation ,vere convened according to notice; when they voted to give RE-v'D Bmra BALD­ WIX a call to preach for them, either as Pastor or stated supply, under an engage1uent to preach one-half his time at the North Church and at lla1nburg; and the ren1ainderofhis ti1ne at Frank­ ford.'' This invitation ,\""as accepted by Mr. Baldw'in, and he entered upon his duties as a stated supply, having been ord~ined since his forn1er service here. It is a n1atter of regret that we know so little of this good 1nan's labors while for three years our two churches were in his charge. During his pastorate twenty-one were added to the 1nembership of the North Church. ,v e had no co1nmunion set of our O\Vll. The one belonging to the Sparta Church, given by Robert Ogden, · had been some­ ti1nes used here. It was proposed that all the fariners' wives should 1nake a contribution of butter, and as 1nany as possible should send a tub. This butter was forwarded to New York for sale, and with the proceeds ,vas purchased the comu1nnion set:, which is still in use. RE,-. NATII.A:XIEL CONKLING succeeded Mr. Baldwin in June, 1824, and ,vas here nearly four years, during which tirne there were thirty-nine additions to the church. Except fro1n the Ses­ sion book little inforn1ation remains respecting his n1inistrations, 152 IIARDYSTO.X )1E~10RIAL. but "~e 1nay judge fro111 these records that he wa~ a useful 1nan and faithful to his calling.· He ,vas ordained as an Ev-angeli8t by the Presbytery of .X e,Y­ ton, Xoven1ber 19th, 1823, preached in Indiana and Illinois, lab0red in Pennsylvania, and died at Tyrone City, Pa., about 1866. l{ev Xathaniel "'\V. Conkling, D. D., of :New· York city, is his son. .: ,.::fJ::;/{": . ~.jF· ·,,_,;·_.ji

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~...

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::\IIXI~THY oF DR. Fs\ll{('l!ILD .AXI> )IR. CA~lJ>BELL. In Septe1nber, 1S2tt, began the n1inistr_y of Ei.1.:\.s l{1GGs F .A.LRCHILI>. who scr,ecl the church exclnsi,elv for nine \~ears. ,vith ,I ... cJ ,I the exception of nearl.r twelYe 1nonths, \Yhen the state of his health required rest~ and lte\-. Stephen Tho111son ~npplied his place. . "\Vhen the North Churcl1 ,nts- burned tile congi-egation ,,as greatly disheartened. The session gathered around the s1noking ruins, and the question ,,as asked, ,,hat shall \\-e do no\\- l ..:.\..n1id the tears of the old Elders, Dr.I\1ii-child ans\Yered, \Ye 1uust build again. Ih·. li'o\Yler headed settled at \Vhippany, l\:Iorris County, K. J., about 1735. Ezra Fairchild, his son, 111arried Prisilla Burt, and re1noved to Mendhan1, in 1762. Ile was in ,v ashington's arrny, and died of s1nall pox, contracted while the ar1ny lay near Mor­ ristown. Ile had four daughters and two sons. Ebenezer ,,as the youngest child, born January 18th, 1776, 1narried Phebe ,,ance in 1797, and died .July, 1869, in his ninety-fourth year. Ile had been a Ruling Elder in the 1st Presbyterian Church of 1\iiendha 111 for seventy years. Ilis ·wife attained almost as great an age as hin1self. They ·were both 1narked by great simpiicity of charac­ ter and earnestness in christian life. They had tw·o sons, Ezra, a successful teacher and principal of an .l\cademical school for 1nany years, and Elias Riggs. )IINISTRY OF DR. F AIRCIULD A.ND 1\{R. CA){PBELL. 155 ELIAS RIGGS F AIRCHIL1', D. D., was born nea~ Mendhan1, ~ ..J., August 17th, 1801. His boyhood was spent upon his father's farrn. Resolving to prepare for the ministry, he secured a classical education, graduated at a New England College, and at ...\.uburn Theological Seminary in 1827. He '\\·as soon after licensed and did missionary. service in Western New 1-ork. Son1e of his ser1nons were prepared with great care, yet he had ren1ark- able facility in speaking, and so1ne of his happiest efforts ~·ere 1nade upon the e1nergency. At ti1nes he rose to eloquence and his appeals ,vere 111ost touching. He sought to re3ch the hearts of his hearers, and the love of Christ was his constant then1e. 1-et he did not fail to persuade 1nen by the terrors of the Lord. Ile was three tiines called to the church of ltlontgomery, N. 1-., and as 111any tin1es installed its pastor. Ile served as Sec­ retary of the An1erican IIon1e }Iissionary Society, and afterwards of the .A.1nerican and Foreign Christian Union. These positions required severe labor, and the exercise of 1nuch courage an,d faith, but under his 1nanagement both of these organizations prospered and sent out 1nany yorfng n1en. Ile was e1ninent in building up feeble churches. It was his habit to go to a weak congregation and devote hi1nself to it for a fe-w years. Large revivals usually followed, and under his prac­ tical suggestions, debts would be paid, and the salary raised for a ne\\T 1ninister. Ile would then consider his ,,ork co1nplete in that field and go to another. ..After a painful illness he died at l\Iorristo\,n ....~pril 22d, 1878, in joyful confidence of entering the rest -which re1naineth for the people of (-iod, and his graYc is at lviendha1n. I-Iis funeral was largely attended and deYout 111eu carried hin1 to bis burial. Representatives ,vere present fron1 1nany churches for wl101n he had labored, and to ·who1n be had been a blessing. Ile has ,vritten an autobiography, intended 0nly for the perusal of his 1nost intin1ate friends, but I have been per1nitted to eopy, fo1· insertion, that po1·tion of it ,Yhich includes his 1ninistry here. XARRATIYE OF LABOR:-- AT XORTII JIARDYSTOX UHURCII. ·' In ,July, 1829, a delegate fron1 the North Church of Har- 156 HARl>YSTOX ~EMORIAL. dyston, in Sussex County, X. J., (Mr . ....t\.ndrew· Linn, oue of the elders of the church,) called on 1ne in 1r1endha1n, N. .J., to lay before 1ne the claims of the church and vicinity, ·which he repre­ sented, and to engage rny services there if the way ,,as clear for so doing. "Mr. Linn returned to his place and under date of August 5th, 1829, at a meeting of the congregation of North I-Iardyston and Hamburg, a paper was adop~ed, expressh.. e of the desire of the congregations for n1y services among the1n, in the gospel 1nin­ istry, with the understanding that public preaching be held on the Sabbath days, in the churches alternately. After maturely con­ sidering the call to this field of labor, its claims grew upon 1ne and drew me toward it ,,ith unusual force. It WP..s a rural con­ gregation, extending in length fro1n ten to twelve n1iles, (fron1 Lafayette to \:-ernon) and in ,·vidth six to seven 1niles, (_fro1n Ogdensburg to lin1its of the Baptist Church, near Deckerto-wu). There were but 30 names on the church roll of men1 bers, and but a small snn1 could be raised for the annual support of the n1inister. I early signified that I would co1ne to the1n if ProYidence should permit, about the middle of the 1nonth of August. ~, I succeeded in arranging n1y affairs so as to keep 1n.r ap­ pointment. Mrs. }~airchild accorr1panied n1e. ,,... e ,,ere ver3- cor­ dially received into the family of nir... Joseph Linn, and 1nade our home in his house about nine n1onths. 'fhe follo,,ing ~Iay ,,c re1no,ed to the parsonage, near the church, ,,hich the congre­ gation had purchased. "Religious services were 1naintained in each of the churches alternateh- on Sundays. In a short tirne several stations for ~ M preaching "-ere established outside of the church edifices. ~ab- bath Schools, Bible classes, and rneetings for prayer, \Yere in ti111e set up and 1naintained at· various points, ,,ith n1anifest good re­ sults. In ::!\larch, 1830, the congregation of the X orth Church sustained a great shock fron1 the burning of their church edifice. It ,vas scarcel v finished. It ,vas not insured. The loss ,,as there­ fore absolute and total. To the friends of the church it ·was a grevious affliction ; and over-cast thern all w·ith sadness, intensified by the irnpression that the fire ,Yas the \\"'Ork of an incendiary. 13nt this sad event ,vas n1ade the occasion of good. ..f\.. deeper interest in church affairs ,Yas by it awakened, aud a resolut1on to build another and better house was quickly entertained. Event­ nally subscriptions ,vere opened for funds to supply the loss. Suitable persons ,verc appointed to can,ass the territory and see ,,hat conld be obtained of cash, labor, or 1naterials. ,Yhen this ,\... ork ,Y.l.~ fairly and encouragingly underway. I repaired :.\UXl::--TRY OF DR. FAIRCHILD ..:\SD ::\IR. C.\)IPBELL. 157 to Newark, Elizabethtown and various places in Son1erset and Morris counties, New Jersey, and solicited ·funds. I also visited s01ne parts of Pennsylvania for the sa1ne object...... \..t ~iil­ ford verv handson1e contributions in lumber were tnade. The ~ . offerings of ,the people of the parish, and the contributions of friends outside of it, co1npleted the ,vork, and when the house was dedicated it was ·wholly paid for. "\Vhen the new stone church was co1npleted the people con­ sented to 111ake it the ·central point for worship every Sabbath morning. Afternoon and evening services, Sundays and week days, were held at Hamburg and in the different neighborhoods. One organized Presbyterian Church, and one board of Elders only existed in the territorv~ and all church 1ne1nbers weie n1e1nbers of the North Church of' IIardyston. "In seasons of revivals, the 1ne1nbers ,ve1·e always ready to cooperate with 111e in visiting fron1 house to house,and conversing with the anxious in ther inquiry roorn, and in any other service ,vhich they could render Several rernarkable revivals 0£ religion _,vere enjoyed. f)n one of these occasions alruost every part of the territory seemed 1nore or less affected, and the people were anx­ ious to attend religious 1neetings. Obeying the Providential indi­ cations services were opened in the church edifice, and continued daily and night1 y for considerable tin1e. ...:\.s one of the results about one hundred persons professed conYersion to Christ; and at a conn:nunion service, which included t"\\o Sabbaths consecu­ tively, seventy-fiye ,vere adinitted to nteinbership. Son1e of the converts sought connection with Baptist and ~Iethodist Churches in the neighborhood. Other seasons of special interest in religion were enjoyed ,vhere-in nuinbers ,,ere converted a11d added to the church ; but they w·ere of n1ore li1nited extent. By the Lord's blessing a valnablec;hnrch andcongregation gre"... up on that ground: haYing in 1S3S a good church edifice of stone, a parsonage with barn and other outbuildings, and sev-eral acres of plo,v and 1neado"· and ·wood land. There '\\"'as a con1rnnnion list of a little 1nore than tv;o hundred (::200) 1ne1nbers, of these about 150 had been added by profession. ~Iy closing services at the North Church were held Sunday, :l\lay 13th, 1838. In that ,veek I ·went to lfont­ go1nery, X. 1-. l{E\.. S oEL CA:\[PBELL can1e frorn IIonesdale, l'enn., and took charge of the North Church lfay, 1838. IIis ministry ,-ras a long one, continuing unbroken for eighteen years, w·hen he purchased a farn1 in ,Yest~rn PennsylYania, to ,Yhich he re1noved. On account of sickness he ca1ne back after six n1onths, and en- 158 HARDYSTOS lIEM:ORL.\L. gaged to supply the congregation for a short time. He ,vas in­ strun1ental in organizing the Presbyterian Church of Layafette, a nn1nber of whose early members went from us by certificates. "\Vhen Mr. Campbell came the church had reached its greatest advance in numbers and strength. The co1Tected roll showed a n1embership of two hundred, earnest, intelligent christians, and ,,ell organized for christian work. The parsonage house was in good repair, with fourteen acres- of land attached. The salary of $450 was paid e-very year, although with some delays. Mr. Campbell purchased additional land to the amount of twenty acres, and after a time built a new house on his own ground, now the residence of Elder S. 0. Price, and rented out the church par­ sonage. In entering upon his labors he followed Mr. ::Fairchild in his appointments, but left out the more remote stations. I do not think he went at all to Vernon, where at one thne there were so many Presbyterian families that efforts were 1nade toward build­ ing a Presbyterian Church in the village. The enterprise fell through, and the people went to Amity, or united with the Vernon Methodist Church, which "~as formed in 183"7. Some of the Vernon 1nen1bers long continued their names upon our roll. Mr. Campbell usually preached three ti1nes on the Sabbath, but had not the physical ability to hold fou1· or five other n1eet­ ings through the week, as so1ne of his predecessors had done. He won the affection of the children, and ,-ras considered peculiarly happy in his addresses upon funeral occasions. Two revivals of religion took place under his 1ninistry. One in 184:2, when thirty­ six were received into the church. The work conunenced in the summer, and reached its greatest pow·er in September and Octo­ ber. ReY. l\'Ir . .,__i\.llen and }Ir. Conklin assisted in the extra ser\·i­ ces ,vhich were held. The word ca1ne with great po,vcr, and on several occasions the evening exercises in the church were acco1n­ panied by weeping throughout the house. An inquiry rneeting be­ fore evening service ,vas held at the parsonage, to ,-vhich n1any of the young would resort in distress of 1nind, and to obtain spiritual direction. The scenes of lVIr. Fairchild's day were repeated, and the little parlor became again the hallbwed spot where souls en- l\1IXI8TH.Y OF DR. .FAIRCHILD .A....°"I> Mft. CAMPBELL. 1.,.,~f\ .J tered the kingdo1n of God. The 1st of January, 1843, ,vas a rne1norable day, when twenty-six stocd up to profess their faith in Christ, and to eome for the first titne to the Lord's table. There was one 1nan of_ sixty-five years, but 1nost were young and more than half were under twenty. Mr. Campbell was very tender and judicious in dealing with awakened consciences. The second revival occurred in 1850. Early in the fall special rneetings were held at the church in which Mr. Campbell was assisted by a young evangelist, who went freely in and out a1nong the seats speaking ,vith those in attendance. The singing of fan1iliar hymns had much influence in arresting attention and carrying the truth home to the heart. This revival was not as widespread and re1narkable as the previous one, and yet through it twenty-four were gathered into the church. An annual donation party for the 1ninister's benefit was given .at the parsonage. Few gifts were in 1noney, and they ,vere 1nore con1111only of farm products, useful in the household. The far1n­ crs brought oats, wheat and rye; their wives linen and woolen yarn, and the 1nerchants contributed sugar, coffee and tea. The married people can1e in the afternoon, and the " young folks" in the evening. One winter the young n1en of Franklin presented 1\f_r. Can1pbell with a handso1ne broad cloth cloak, which he wore for 1nany years afterwards. }Ir. Campbell took charge of the Lafayette Church, and con­ tinued its pastor until the Rev. Jetho B. ,v ood,vard was installed by Newton Presbytery. I-le purchased a house in Lafayette vil­ lage to which he re1noved, making it his ho1ne until his death, May 15th, 1872, in his seventy-sixth· year. He '""as buried in North Church Ce1netery in a lot donated for that purpose by the Trustees. His wife, son, daughter and son-in-law are buried in the sa1ne plot. Ilis daughter, An1anda, became the ,vife of David Hopkins ICin1ble. IIis son, Joel, began to study for the 1ninistry, and ,vas for a time a student in Princeton College, but s0011 changed his purpose, serving in the arrny during a part of the w·ar of the rebellion. (~HAPTER XII.

CIICRCil HISTORY COXTI~TEI>.

REY. DA.YID C. ~IEEKER ca111e to the North Church ...-.\..vril .L 1st, 1S57. He bad been preaching at Deerfield, N. J., and at Darby, near Philadelphia. The 111atter was under discussion whether to repair or rebuild the parsonage. 1Ir. ~Ieeker was so urgent for the ne-\, house that the congregation decided to build if the 1neans could be raised. .A. subscription pape1· ,,as prepared and placed in the hands of 1ny aunt, the ·wido,, T ...A . ...:\..nstin. Iler perseverance and activity secured the a1nonnt, and the new building soon arose not far fro1n the old site, and is the present parsonage of the congregation. The old one, w-I1ich has the date of 1788 on the chi1nne,-... , ,,as reu1odeled., nnd has since been the ho1ne of the sexton. During the year 185s · 111nch religious feeliug existed in the congregation, and a fe\\. extra 111eetings ,\·ere held. These closed abruptly· after two \Yeeks continn:1nce, and the result \\·as the in­ gathering of sixteen souls. 'The total addition <.lnrin~ l\Ir. nieek­ er\:; 1ninistr\-., was nineteen . IIe left the chnrch in August,_ .1S:j~}~ and retnl'ltecl to l>arby, Pa .. \vhere he died a fc\Y Years later. , u

The 1{1-:,-. ( ~001>1.01-: 110,Y)L\X 13Er.r. is the oul.., v snrvi ,~or of the fonner 111.inisters of the X orth ] fardyston ( 'hnrch, and 1s now pas tor of the l:>resbyterian Church, of ..r\n1enia, N. 1-. <"HURCII HISTORY <"OXTil\CED. 161 Ile was the son of the late Hou. Sa1nuel and I.Jonisa llell, and was born at Reading, Pa., lune 14th, 1832. ..A.fter graduating at 1~ ale College in 1852, he n1ade an extended tour in Europe, and on his return entered the Union Theological Se111inary in New York City, ,vhere he graduated in 1859. Ile ·was ordained by the Fourth Presbytery of Philadelphia at Norristown, Pa., in Octo­ ber, 1859, and im1nediately after took charge of the North Church. Ile 111arried .A.nnie .....\..ugustine ..:.\.ustin, the only daughter of ~{rs. T ...A ... Austin and neice of Daniel Ilaines, who died at .Amenia in 1S87. Soon after )Ir~ }~ell's -advent extensive repairs ,vere 1nade upon the church building. The roof was slated, and the whole interior chauged. The pulpit which formerly stood between the doors ,vas placed on the opposite side, and the seats reversed. The alterations 1nade transforrned the house into a neat and con1- n1odious place of ,vorship. The attendance upon the services in..: creased largely \Yhen the el1urch was reopened, and 1icw 1nernbers· were added. The civ-il war ca111e \Vith its excite1neuts and occupied -rnuch of the thoughts of the co1n1nunity. Soldiers ,vere· recruited, and n1any of the young ruen volunteered. Three co1npanies were chiefly raised fro1n within the bounds of the congregation, -besides individuals who joined other 1nilitary · organizations. The ladies. formed a soldier's relief society, and 1nade lint and garn1ents:- and knit stockings for their friends in ca1np. In all this patriotic work Mr. I~ell heartily syn1pathized and co-operated. IIis own brother, Captain Bow1nan Bell, fell in battle. l\Ir. l{ell writes, " The North Church ,vas up to the highest standard of patriotis111, and freely gave 'its boys' to save our coun­ trv. "\Vhen I went to IIardyston in 1859 the first to ·welco1ne n1e ~ . u was Tho1nas It I-Iaines. The last service I rendered as ·pastor was to officiate at his funeral ; he had fallen upon the battle fi'eld in -Virginia, and ·was buried ()ctober, 1Sfi4, and the e11tire co1n- 111 uni·t y were 1nourners. " Sunday evening services ,vere held at Franklin <~..,urnace where the school house ·was often crowded~ ()thei" ·stations ,ve1·e visited in their turn on Sabbath afternoons. }I1·~ ·Belt·was an ex- H.ARDYS1'<).X ::MEMORIAL. cellent u1usicia11, and often led the singing, ,vhich for1ned an at­ tractive part of the exercises. The whole nun1ber added to the 1nen1bership during his five years ter111 of service was seventeen. Ile ,vas called to IIope Chapel, a 1nission enterprise of the Brick Church of New York, and resigned his charge here October 1st, 1864, and removed to the city. My own 1ninistry in Hardyston began at the close of my connection with the army. ..A.fter three years service as Chap­ lain of the 15th Regiment, N. J. Volunteers, I visited my home and was asked to preach the first Sabbath of July, 1865. Before service a paper was given me with thirty signatures representing the families of the congregation. This was a call inviting me to become their pastor, and stating that it was the unanimous wish of the people that I should settle among them. .A. few days later I signified my acceptance of this invitation, and have continued here ever since. The only breaks in this relation wereone of nine 1nonths, when I went to Palestine in the service of the ....\.merican Palestine Exploration Society in 1873, and another when I re~ ceived a second leave of absence fro1n 1ny church for six 1nonths in 18·76 to visit and 1nake explorations in the Sinai Desert. I was never installed here by action of Presbytery, but with­ out tl1e ceremony of an installation I ha,·e been just as much the pastor, and the congreg-ation 1uy people. This relation has been preserved when all the churches in the counties of Warren and Sussex, with a single exception, have changed their 1ninisters, and after very short pastorates. The 1nembership of the church in 1865 ,vas by tac roll of ~Ir. Bell thirty-eight. To· say that the church was feeble does not fully describe it...... \. for1ner pastor said, "It was ,veakness itself." The attendance at the church, excepting upon funeral occasions, had been reduced to a 1nere handful. One Sunday School was held at l?ranklin Furnace with about fortv scholars. eJ There was no prayer 1neeting or ,v-eekly lecture, and but one ad- dition had been 1nade to the 1ne1nbership for over three years. There were two elders, n1y father, Daniel IIaines, who was mostly a resident of Newark, where he held his CC\urts, and James Con­ gleton, eighty-five years old. I had the1·efo1~e to walk by faith and_ CHCRCII UI:o;TQRY CO~TI.Xt;EI>. 163 not by sight when I declined other inYitations and deterinined to rmnain in 1ny native place. \Ve began with service every Sabbath 1norning at the N ortl1 Church, and preaching every Sabbath evening in the old school house at Franklin. On Sabbath afternoons I preached in the school houses at IIar1nony Vale, at New Prospect and }Ionroe Corners. Our progress was very slow. '\Ve reported to Presbytery forty 1nembers in the spring of 1866, forty-two .in 1867, and.sixty­ seven in 1868. In the fall of 186·7 and the winter following there was special concern for eternal things in the North Church Sunday School, and several boys and young 1nen ,vere converted. We soon began,. extra services, with meetings for inquirers at Mr. Price's house. Quite a number came to these inquiry meetings, so1ne of who1n becan1e hopefully pious. The work promised to be_con1e 1nore general, yet did not attain the di1nensions expected. Still the year 1868 was one of blessing, and in 1869 we reported a 1nernbership of seventy-three, having almost doubled our nnn1- three bers in -~vears. . In the fall of 1870 the presence of the !Ioly Spirit was verJ 1narked. l\'Iuch prayer prevailed, the 1neetings were well attended, and throughout the congregation there was great tenderness of feeling. I invited the Rev...... \.hnon U nder·wood to assist 111e for a fortnight. Conversions took place at Hamburg, the North Church, and at Franklin, and in the neighborhoods where we held cottage rneetings, and the school house appointinents. In the spring of 1871 the me1nbership was 98, with the addition of thirty-one re­ ceived the year previous. This was the largest increase for mo1·e than thirty years. By 1877 we had attained the nu1n ber of 117; having in eleven years trebled our 1nen1bership. From this tiine we began to suffer by deaths and re111ovals~ and the strength of the church was greatly di1ninished. '\Ve continued to receive additions but these were outnumbered by our losses. In 1881 we were reduced as low as 81 members. In 1882 we had but 85 ; in 1883, 92, and in 1884, 99. T_T ntil the sn1nn1er of 1883 I had not been confined to the lfi-! II.ARI >Y~TO.N !ti EM( >Rf AL. house by sickness for n1any years ; then I ,,as laid aside fro1n parish duties :for 1nore than a 111011th. The follow·ing sununer, not being in good health, I ,vent to the sea shore in hope of benefit, and was taken seriously ill at Berlin, }faryland, the place of n1y first settlen1ent in the 1ninistry. ..A.lthough enabled to return ho111e after a few ,veeks, it was long before 1ny strength ,vas r~gained.. ,vhile laid aside, the services of the Sabbath w·ere sns-· tained by the Elders and churc1: 1ne1nbers . ....t\..t the coinmnnion service in :Noven1-ber, 1884, three were added by profession. Some seriousness ,vas shown, and as n1uch as rny strength allowed, I held extra prayer 1ncetings in private houses. The attendance was sn1all at first, but after a few conver- 8ions had taken place the nun1bers increased until our roo1ns were crowded. A n1e1norable rneeting was held one evening in the house then occupied by Theodore Tahnadge, whose ,vife ,vas dying with consumption. There was no special indication of feel­ ing until near the close of the 1neeting, w-I1en the presence of the Holy Spirit was n1anifest. Tears and sobs filled the room as one young person after another asked our prayers, or declared the intention of accepting Christ. The house was after\\·ards burned, but the 1nernory of the n1eeting has not yet passed a,vay . .. Another prayer tneeting ,,as I1eld in my o,vn house, when twenty arose to say they had found ..Jesus precious to their souls. "\Vhen we held the spdng con1111nnion a large nurnber at IIarnburg '\\"ere rccehred into the church. Much seriousness prevailed in the North Church part of the congregation. Several who attended 1neetings at Monroe Corners, professed conversion there, bnt ca1ne back to unite with their own chnrcl1. \Ve had no help fro1n other n1inisters, and 1ny strength and powers were li1nited, but God show·ed us that we ,vere 1nore dependent for success upon hi1n than any ability of our own. At the spring 1neeting of Presbytery, 1885, ·we reported an accession during the year _of forty-two upon profession of faith, and ten by letter, 111aking the total n1embership 142. In. 1886 we reported fifteen added upon profession; arid in 1887, twelve accessions, the entire n1e1n bership being 162, the greatest nu 1nber for 1nore than forty years. CHURCH llfoTORY C• 1G5 .A.s in the ,vinter of 1870 and 18'71, so at this ti1ne, sin1ulta­ neonsly ·with our own church's quickening, ,vas there a season of av,akening at Rudeville, w·hen nu1nbers ,vere reclailned fron1 a careless, ,vorldly life. In 1865 there was but one Snud,iy School, held at Franklin, in a roon1 over the store house, with f ortv scholars. The North .

1nore in the churcbvardu than vte 1neet on the Sabbath daY.u Could we sununon back again all those w·ho1n we haYe buried, a whole church could not seat the1i1. Frorn the elclership, ,ve lrnxe lost the venerable ..J an1es Con­ letou, one of the best of 1nen,. at the age of ninety-one; Daniel Haines for forty years an elder, our counsellor and guide ; Eras_ tus Congleton, who ga,·e pronlise of great usefulness, and ,,as called away while still a. young 111a.n ~ also Levi Congletcn, -who returned to us from Snarta. ..::\_n1011g those not elders, such good 1nen as Le,vis C. Roe, Charles ,v ade, Tho1nas Schofield and Ilenr:· \V. Conplin haYe passed aw·ay. There ·were others who did not bcco111e con1muni­ cants~ yet ,\·hose hopes and sy1npathies ,Yere always with us, and who "'.'"ere most useful in the congregation, such as Doctor \Villia1n H. Linn, .T ohn IL Bro1'rn and Sa1nnel 1\... Beardslee. ....i\.mong christian ,,ornen vte have a noble record of those ·who loved their cbru.·ch and "·ere ready for eYery goocl work. Of these we 1nen­ tion !.!rs. ~arah Beardslee and Mrs. Lucilla Price. There ,,as one, a n1en1ber of another church; but onrs in eYery other respect, a friend to the poor, and a helper in e\"'"er_y l1enificent enterprise, ~Irs. Lucy Lov·ell Beow·n. . Think not that invidious distinctions are 111ade, if all who haxe been honored and useful are not 1nentionecl in this connec­ tion. ,v e have their narnes on record, and their n1en1ories are cherished in our hearts. :Niay God ever giYe oui- congregation n1ore n1e11 and ,\·01nen such as they. . ~ Son1ething of this church~s history for the past twenty-three years has been given, but ho\Y 1nueh 1nore nright be said. There aJ~e 1nany incidents precious to n1e1nory, yet so personal and in­ dividual that they are hardly suited to a '. printed book. In the hun1blest efforts I have seen the happiest results in ,,inning souls. 1'70 HARDYSTOX MEMORIAL. S01netimes men have been won in a moment; at other times after repeated and persistent appeals. During the year 1887 we lost by dis1nissions tv{enty ; by deaths four, and six became non-resident, so that the report of April, 1888, gave 137 as the membership upon the re-vised ro11.

TnoMAs TEASDALE can1c fron1 Yorkshire, England.. He brought strong letters ('f recommendation to· the Presbytery of New York to whom he applied fo1· license to preach, bnt failing in the qualifications required hi~ license ,vas not given. He then became a Baptist and removed to Sussex. His house was in Ver­ non, a little beyond .M.cAfee, at the foot of the mountain. He preached in school houses and private dwellings, and organized a church in Pochunk in 1798. This was afterwards merged into the Hamburg Baptist Church, which "ras formed in 1811. His church increased in numbers, but suffered by the disruption of 1823, ,vhen an influential body withdrew and formed the Frank­ lin Baptist Church.. Mr. Teasdale was not always sonud in doc­ trine, yet a good 1nan, sincere and earn~st, aud influential with 1nany. He spoke a broad Yorkshire dialect, and was very sharp in denouncing sin and nsed cutting words in argu1nent.. Ile died in 1827, aged 75 years, and was buried at IIa1nburg. Extract fro1i1 letter written by T. I.awrence, Esq., to his grandson, Jan1es Ludlnn1, Jr.: " We could not expect in this retired situation to be gratified in every refinement, and altho' the person under whose charge Pro~·idence has placed us for our religions instruction is not pos­ sessed of those superior attainments that many others are, yet we are fortunate in having one who fron1 the purity of bis l1eart, bis perfect acquaintance with sacred writ, and the unexceptionable tenor of his conduct, is able t◊ teach us our duty, and ,vhat l1e n1ay­ be deficient in 1nanner is 1nade up to us in 1natter. I trust you will agree with n1e that I 11ave done no n1ore tl1an justice in delin­ eating to yon the character of our worthy pastor, Mr.. Teasdale." lie took pains to educate l1is sons who rose to prominent CIII.:-RCH HISTORY CO"STIXt:J:':IJ. 171 positions, and ""as succeeded by his son~ JtJhn, who preached in Han1 burg four years, and afterwards at Newton. For two years the church was supplied by Elders C. Park and Elias Frost, of Franklin. Wn... LI.A..'l II. SPENCER ,vas a blacksinith in Pochunk at the time he professed conversion. He was called to this charge in 1838, and re1nained for seven years and a Jialf. He succeeded in ·bringing a great n1any into his church, and its membership was for a time the largest of any congregation in the county. TaoMAS DAVIS, who was born and educated in England, came for one year, 1846; and some time later supplied the pnlpit on S:.b­ bath afternoons while he was pastor at Papakating. This excellent man~1 useful wherever he lived, died recently in Beverly, N. J His son, Lt. Colonel Ebenezer \V. Davis, was :Major of the 15th Regiment N. ~J. Vols. .Joux D.Av1s succeeded his brother Thomas in 1847, and was here for nearly th1·ee years, when he. ,vas fo1lowed by Mr. ·Hope. ~J. M.. HoPE accomplished 1nuch for this church, and with some interruptions continued his ministrations for several years.. It was 1nainly through l1is endeavers that tl1e meeting house was rebuilt, and the parsonage and lot secured. Jlis preaching was spiritual, and although fe,ver were brought into the church than under son1e others, it gained in substantial strength. DAYill SrLYER began his 1ninistry here January 1st, 1865. Ife ren1ained until 1879, ,vhen he accepted a charge near tl1e Dela­ ware River, in Ne"· York State, and afterwards another some ·1niles fro1n Princeton, :K. J., where he died. Wl1ile l1ere his labors were successfnl, ancl one ,vinter nearly one l1undred per­ sons united with his church. CnA1tLES Mu.r...1NGT<>N \Yas t,vice called to be pastor. In the the interval bet,veen his two ter1ns of service, Eo,v..ARD D. SnuLI!: ,vas minister. 1r: ·B. (¾r1scAn.n has recently been supplying the ehurch. · "rhe congregation sold thei1· parsonage property in Upper Ha~bu.rg, and have built a more comn1odions house for their minister nearer their place of worship. rrhe FRANKLIN BAl,,fIST CHURCH ,,·as organized Decen1 ber 172 IL\Rl>Y~TOX )[E:\IORIAJ.. 11th, 1S23. Its corporate 1ne1nbers ,vere Lucretia l{orick, Michael Rorick, Noah IIan11nond, Catharine I-Iam1nond, Catha­ rine Clay, Clarissa Sharp, I-Iannah \ran ""\Vart, ]/fary IIarnn1ond, Spencer Scott, and Fanny I~nll.. They assumed the title of" The First Particular Baptist Church of Hardyston." Rev. Zelotes Grenell ,,as l\Ioderator at the constituting of the church, ·which has had ·so111e st~·ong 111cmbers, and was useful ,vhile it continued. Death rnade inroads a111ong their numbers and so greatly reduced the111, that the regular services ceased in Decen1ber, 1853. The house of worship, erected in 183:2, "~as leased for ten years to the Presbyterians of the Xorth I-lardyston congregation, by ·whon1 it was re1nodeled and put in substantial repair. It i8 now used by the Franklin Refor1ned congregation, ,vhich was -organized in 1877, and of "·hich Rev. G1r.BERT S. fxARRET$OX is pastor. The Catholic Church of l?ranklin, CncRcu o:F THE llBL-\.Cr­ LATE CoxcEPTiox, was built in 1863, under the superintendeuce -of Re,. :;En\Y.A.RD McCO$KER, ,vho was its pastor until 1880. The house is substantially cons~ueted of brick, thirty feet wide by seventy feet long. Itev. GEORGE ...:\ ... CoRRIG.AX, brother of the Archbishop of New York, succeeded ~Ir. McCosker, and he ,vas follow·ed by l{eY. l. I-I. II1LL, -who has recently been transferred to Ilah,v-ay. The congregation possosses a handso111e brick par­ sonage, wJ1ich is finely located. The charge was divided in 18S1, ,-vhen a congregation -was organized at Ogdensburg, and the Chnrch ..of St. 117;,oma ..;; o..f ~0 Lqnin was bnilt.

TILE CIIl"l~Cif SIIEPIIERI>.

The Protestant Episcopal ( 'hurch of I-Ian1burg was built in 1~72-73, npon a lot· of land donated by the heirs of Robert ~\. .. Linn. The building is of blue li1ne stone, twenty-five by forty feet, \\·ith the chancel extending in the rear. The ceiling is pan­ nelled ,Yi th oiled ,rood, and a handsome n1emorial windo,v to the 111ernory of ~Iiss I~ittie I.Jawrence, is placed in the chancel. .A. large, sweet-toned bell occupies the belfry. RcY. JI. R. Stuart lVIartin, ,,ho ,vas born in India, was the first CllCRCII HISTORY CO~TI~TEl.>. nnss1onary pastor. I-Ie was succeeded in 18'7S bY Rev. Levi Johnson. The church ,,as consecrated in 1880, by Bishop Starkey, of Northern N e\Y Jersey, and Bishop Quintard, of Tennessee. Rev. JosErn I-I. S)rrru, formerly of St. Paul's Church, N ew·ark, is the Rector. His 1ninistry began in 1S82. Ile officiates also at St. Thon1as Church, in ,r ernon ...... \. handso111e legacy has been left to the church for the pur­ chase of a n1en1orial or!!an...... , . The S1'77FITo,Yx 1.I. E. CircRcu w·as built sixty years ago . .Manuel Force was then Presiding Elder, and Shaw and Dandy were preachers upon the circuit. l(etcha1n, the carpenter, came from Warwick. Stated preaching has been 1naintained there ever since its erection. It has been blessed with n1any seasons of revival in which the hardy dwellers on the mountain hav-e he~n gathered into its fold. CHAPTER XIII.

REGISTER OF NORTH PRESBYTERIAN CHURCU O:E' HA.BD'l."81:0N.

Edward Allen, frotn J nne, 1819, to December, 1820. Burr Baldwin, from July, 1821, to M.ay, 1824. Nathaniel Conkling, from .J nne, 1824, to J nne, 1828. Elias Riggs Fairchild, from September, 1829, to May, 1838 . •Joel Campbell, from }lay, 1838, to October, 1856. David C. Meeker, from April, 185·7, to August, 1859. Goodloe Bow1nan Bell, from October, 1859, to Oct., 1864. ....i\..lanson Austin Haines, fron1 lnly, 1865, to present time.

.John Linn, May, 1819, died !Sil. George Buckley, May, 1819, dis1nissed 1837. Thomas Beardslee, Dec., 1821, disn1issed 1831 . .Ta1nes Congleton, Dec., 1821, died 1871. San1uel Tuttle, May, 1823, died 1861. Daniel Edwards, April, 1824, dismissed 1825 . •Jacob Ki1nble, June, 1827, died 1863 . ..:\.ndrew Linn, .June, 1827, dismissed 184S. Daniel IIaines; July, 1837, died 1877. Elias L'llon1medieu, .July, 1837, disn1issed 1845. Simon 1V. Buckley, .A.pril, 1848, dismissed . .Joshua Predmore, April, 1848, dis1nissed. ~~ Samuel 0. Price, February,·1866. I"'eYi Congleton, Febn1ary, 1866, dismissed 1879. UEGISTER O.F 1'UR1'H J.>RESBYTERIAS CHCRCH 01'" HARDYSTON. 175 cfohn L. Brown, :February, 1868, dismissed 1881. -fohn E. Congleton, October, 1876, died 1879. William E. Skinner, Oct., 1876, dismissed 187S. ~f-

* No"r in office.

No'l'E.-Those uniting upon e,~rtificate are 1narked thus'· C."

1819. lohn Linn C, MarthaLinn C:, ElizabethLinnC,Marga­ retSimmonsC, Kitty ·Perigo C, Widow ParkhUl"b;; C, Widow Mary Buckley C, Gabriel Payne C, Richard Whitaker C, Elizabeth Whit­ aker C, Sarah Van D'1zen C, Seth Byram C, Sarah Byram C, Daniel B. Wilcox C, Cornelius Demarest C, Mary Demarest C, Peter Demorest C, Jane Demarest C, Catherine Nesbit C, Peter Shirts C, Jane Shirts C, ~Jane McDaniels (), Thomas Beardslee C, Rachel Beardslee C, Melinda Beardslee 0, Eunice Munson C, Catherine Gundern1an 0, Margaret Knoff C, Widow .A.. nna Harnmond C, IIannah Carpenter C, Elizabeth Beardslee C, IIaunah Fairchild. C, Sarah Linn C, George Buckley C, :Margaret Buckley C, Elsey Buckley C, Peter Sin1mons C, Isaac Stirr C, Mary Stirr C, Eliza­ beth De1narest C, Joseph Perigv C, Nancy (iardiner C, Sarah Harding C, Abigail Barton C, Sarah Barton C, ,Vidow Abigail "\Vade l', Mrs. Peter "\Vhitaker C, Daniel Edwards (_\ Widow Mary .J.\.dams C, Sarah ne111arest C. Widow }!ary :McDaniels C, Martha Barr C. . Tho above 52 ,vere received bv certificate fron1 the :First church of I--Iardyston and organized as the North Church of Har~ dyston, May 15th, 1819.. · _ Abigail Losey, James Gardiner? Mary Gardiner, Ruhama Wade, Ann Beardslee, .Jacob Kinible, Bethia Kimble, Andrew .Johnson, James Congleton, Catherine Struble, Martha Demarest, John Crawford, Thomas Gardiner, ()oonrod Watson, Elizabeth "\Vatson, Abigail Ellison, Julia Carpenter, Marv (Givens) Brasted, I\unelia Barton, Peter Taylor, llannah Tavlor; Mary Case, Pame­ lia llowell, Lydia Oraw·ford, Samuel Tuttle, Peter De1narest, Effie Den1arest. -~ 1820. liorace :Ford, Eben~zer rruttle, Ann Garfilner, Rhoda Crawford, Hannah Beardslee, Lydia Tuttle, Abrahan1- Johnson, Hannah Ackerman, Elizabeth Congleton, Willard Fletcher, Abi- 176 IT .-\HDYSTOX )IE~IOHL\.L. gail Johnson C, .. A.. aron .. Ackerson, Sophia IIopkins. 1822. Jane Jones C, Sarah Simpson C, Eliza F·owler 0, ~Iary Edsall C, John I-Iubbard C, Elizabeth Sharp C, Lucy In­ glis, Rhoda Ray, \Villian1 A. Thon1pson. 1823. Conrad Tinker C, Annie Tinker C. 1824. Andrew Jjnn, ,Jan1es rJ ohnson~ ..John Payne, Rebecca IIardin, Emily II. Conkling, Mary ..A.nn Linn, Susan Losey, Eliza­ beth McDaniels, ....i\.yres ...i\.ckerson, Betsey Byran1. 1825. San1uel Payne, Annie Newman, Catherine Dema­ rest, .Ann Eliza Simmons, ;Jane ------, Rebecca Fowler, Sarah "\Vidner. 1826. Cornelia I}I-Io1n1nedien C, }Iargaret Lane C, Rose l{nox. · . 1827. Garret ,~an Blarco1u, l\'Iary \~an Blarco1n, Elizabeth Sutton, Sarah Case, ..J e1ninra. Predn1ore', Joshua Predmore, Mich­ ael R.. Sutton, Henry ,Johnson, Mark Buckley, John Nixon, Abra­ ha1n Ray, Sarah ..A ..• Buckley, i\..nna Crawford, Mary Buckley, .. A.nna Pr~d1nore, Sally 1\..nn Predmore, ....i\.nn Fore~ter, Elizabeth "\V olYerton, 1\-far_y I-Iain es C, Joseph,, Cole, Nancy. Cole, Margaret licClellan, Sibella Linn, Eleanor l{etcherr1, ..Jane Cra,vford, Rachel .....~nustrong, Martl1a McCoy. 1829. Mary 1Vhitaker, Sarah Degraw·, DelihJ1 Sloat, ..Jane Congleton, ...i\.ddie Tice, Clarissa N e-w1nan. 1830. Maria Price C, Elizabeth Bunting C, }Iaria Price, Pi1ebe ..A.nn Wilson, liartha De1narest, ~:-_Henrietta Linn, Isaac Beardsley, Elizabeth ~Iarcell C. 1831. · Catherine Drain, E1neline D. Stoll, ~Lary 0. Darrah C, ...\aron "\V oodruff C, Phebe "\Voodruff C, Elias L. Hon1n1edieu, Robert Haines, Dorothy Stoll, Catherine Shiner, .John Newn1an, ..Joel Buckley, Robert Buckley, Catherine Stoll, Mary 1~ etrr1an, ';~liaria Schofield, Susan Beardslee, Catherine l~eardslee, Jane B~1ckley, Charlotte II. Tuttle, ~lary Jane "''Tade, Lydia l\.imble, Sarah Beardslee, IIenry T. Darrah, "\Villia1n C. Pred1nore, Philip Losey, Elias Potter, IIuldah S. Beardslee, ..A.my 1,uttlc, .....i\.nn Pred- 1nore, Martha .1\. ,,r olverton~ .Jonathan Sutton., Phebe A. Max­ w·ell, Justice Beardslee, Elizabeth Darrah, Eliza 1.\.. IIopkins, ~Iahala Losey, .Julia ...:.\.. "'\Yhitaker, .1\.lanson Pred1nore, Delilah Predn1ore, Edwin 13nckley, Thon1as I3rasted, ,Villian1 Darrah~ Daniel !-Iaines, ....t\nn ~1. Ilaines, Diada1nia IIaines, .John C. Bnnt­ :ing, Elizabeth ..A .• Sheppard, Ephrain1 Potter, Calvin l[eade, l.evi Congleton, Martha ,,r arbass, Mary Gibson, IIenry "'\V. Ogden, I{ober-t Price, Charlotte Ilopkins, Elizabeth Gundern1an, Susan Beardslee, Peter Gunderrnan, liartha M. ,y·arbass C, Mary Steph­ ens C. R.EGISTEl{ OF XORTH PRB~l3YTElU..\.X ClICRCll OF IL\RDY:3-TOX. 1"7'7 N OTE.-Those 1narked ➔:- arc n1en1 bers at the present ti1ne. 1832. Phebe Potter, Lewis C. Roe C, 11 erressa Itoe C, .!\.nn I~. Stoll, Sarah Potter, Enos Goble C, Rebecca Goble 0, Eliza "\' an 131arco111, ~Iary Gundern1an, Sarah Byra1n, Sarah Ed­ sall, ,Julia Denton, 1Iary ~Ionnell, Catherine (Del(ay) J\Ieliurray, Phebe Harden, Elizabeth ··v andegriff, iioses Strong, John Pred­ n1ore, John Dunning, David Byra1u, J an1es T. N ewn1an, "\Villia1n , ..... an Blarcon1, David Dunn, Jacob Gunder1nan, Catherine I(no:ff, Drucilla Predmore, Daniel Gunderrnan, .Jacob 0. ~Iaxwell, Joseph P. :Fraser, .....i\..brahan1 Stoll, .Jan1es l3yra1n, \Villiam Gunderman, ,John Polley, ~Iaha1a Polley, ..A.ran1inta (Polley) Doland, Willia111 Beardslee, Benjan1in ··valentine, Rebecca Turner, Catharine .l\... (Sutton) ,{an Blarcon1, Sin1on "'\Vade Buckley, Samuel Schofield Beardslee, "'\Villia1n (;under111an, Jacob ltnoff, ..Jane Skellinger, Sarah Hopkins, J\fary ··valentine, Rachel DeKay, Sarah \rande­ griff, Elizabeth iiyers, Susan "'\Tan Blarco1n, Ann Free1nan, Susan Kin1ble, J\11'1-tthias C. Lane, ~Iargaret Buckley, Daniel Lane, Susan (Free1nan) Vanatta, ~Iary Tiebout, Sarah Ray, Frances \Vorten­ dyke, Ja1nes Ilutchinson, 1\Iary Tiebout, ~'-\..ratninta Douglas, }\fatilda Fairchild C, ~Iatthias IL Ogeiua­ rest, ·Elias l'ree111an C, Clarissa Perry C, IIira1u Predrnorc, Sarah Skellinger, Phebe l\Iackcrly, Phebe ...:\.nn Sutton, Ellen Ludlun1, llannah E. (Sutton·) ....\..yres, ifary ...::\ .. "\,ran Blarcon1, lVInrgaret 1Ic­ Donalds, l\Iar_y ·\Voodrnff, R-enben IL Sutton, .}Iary (_I}II01nn1e­ dieu) ~foore, J~ucy .A.rin (Sutton) Sib bit, R.alph J~nsh, ,Jacob L, Bedell, .Joseph Ii'. M. Sutton~*.... :\.lanson .. A.. I-Iaines, ...:.\.. bralia1n Stoll. .. A.bby Tuttle, ,John Couplin C, Isabella Couplin C, *IIiran1 .A.ber, Frances :E. (Neely) l3yran1, I,hebe E. (1foore) Edsall, 1V illian1 Lane, Belinda Ray, .Nancy 1Innson, Theodocia :Ofunson, Caroline Rosencrantz, "'vVilliarn L'llo1n1uedieu, .Jane Decker C. 18±3. Phebe "\V oodruff, J[artha Den1arest C, Eliza ..Ann (-i-under1nan. 184:G. Sarah (_B_yra1u) ( ·asc. 1847. ;roseph l\IcDaniels. 1848. Catliarine ,T. Sutton., (+eorge Case, Daniel P. vV ood­ ruff C. 1849. Sarah ]). (llaines) {+nyot, Eleazer Cassady, )Iarga­ ret I{nox, ..:\.rnanda (_Can1pbe1l) l~in1 ble, ~-...:\.nn (Si1nonson) Ed­ sall.. 1~50. 1Iannah l[opkins, Sarah ""\V oodrnfi", Sarah ~iaria Case, Catharine ( IIopkins) liunt, l\'Iatilda l{irnble, 1fary l~imble, Mary Sutton, ]3ethia llopkins, Phebe (1Iopkins) ,v oodruff, Lucy }~. {\Vilson) \ 1aughn, Louisa -J. I{ay, T~ebecca Sn1itli, Tahnage "\Voodrnff, .Jacob R. I.yon, Elias}'. Sutton. 1851. }latilda (_.NI~}Iano1nan) G·ouger, )Iatilda 1)lrasted) Si1nmons, Lncetta (_Roe) Congleton, -Julia \Voodrnff ('_ 1853. Willia1n Roy C, Mrs. I?oy C . . 1S55. Matilda F. Sutton, Rachel licDauiels C. 1858. Levi L· IIoffinan, ➔=-.John P. Wilson, C+eorge 0. Wil­ son, .A.nna lf. ('\Tilson) Van Blarco1n, Catharine I~. (lleardslee) Lewis...... \.nnie .. A. (1\.ustin) ]lell, }Iary ]?. (_Day) Da\·enport, llar­ riet E. (S1nith) Evern1au, Sarah (Cassady) IIowell, ( 1harlotte Congleton, Nancy (Scotf) Benjan1in, -'-.\.n1y 1{nckley C:- ';~ ..A.1nelia M. (Dunning) Linn ~ Phila.nda D. (Roe} 1Vickha1n, I~eturah J{oe, .. A..lexander II. Roe, :N"ancy ..:\. Meeker C. 1859. ,John ..:\. Congleton C', Theresa 1\..gnstine ..:\.ustin C, Sarah C. :Fow1cr ( 1, .A.nn }I. (Haines) Tucker. 1860. Phebe ( ~ongleton, Mary (Potter) Dennis, Eliza .. Ann (Van Syckle) Stoll, .Dorcas C. Potter, Lucy Potter, Sarah Cornelia Brasted, An1elia Perry, John Rutan C, .A.nna P. !{utan C, .A.. bby .Jane (\Vade) }fains, ,Tohn Lovell Brown. 1862. Thornas Schofield, }fary ,E. Schofield, Catherine I:osc­ velt, I..1auretta ..A.1nelia Howell. 1863. ::Oiary., .. Aun l~cardslcc . 1865. .Barret llavens Tits,vorth. 1866. .John Erastus ( 1ongleton, -;;-.:..\...111ut .:\lary () liles) Con­ gleton, -;•~irerinda Shepherd, Lucilla O\.i1nble) Price. 18GT. .J a1nes }[autania, -:;-Sarah ( ·. Ingersoll C, .i\...lllleda Pred1nore <➔, George Porter, -;;-Clarinda. ~""1owler C, Elias l?rost, John lVIiller Longcorc, l>avid ]?redcnburg I.ongcore, Fowler l(iin­ ble. 1868. ]Jenjan1in IL l~ays, Henry vVinters, -;~~IarthaElizabeth (Longcore) I.Jantz, Margaret (Edge) Longcore, ➔~Charles ""\Vitworth Le,vis, *.. A.lfred \Vyckoff .Johnson, }Iary ..:\.nn l(in1ble, .John }I. }Union C. . 1869. Elizabeth ... \.1111 ~!inion. 1868. ({eorgianna Lucy (Sutton) Tibbetts, J euuie E .. Stoll.. 1869. ~-Joseph "Johnson, Ruth Ilughes Kimble, "\Villian1 Ers- kine Skinner C, Mary L. (Ryerson) Skinner C, "\Villian1 T. Cogg-­ shall C, Julia "\V. (lngergsoll) Coggshall l', Sarah Elizabeth (Minion) .A.Hen, *.1\.nnie (Ogden) Beardslee C. 1870. Susan Copeland (_Ingersoll) 13ro,vn, ~;-Snsau (Ilop­ kins) Kiinble, ..A.u1zie l:.oo, -:~Charles l{oe. 1871. I-Ienry ,vinfield Couplin C, ..::\.lonzo Jan1es '\Villiams,.. ·r.Ja1nes ,v oods, Ilannah (Edsall) Lawrence, ~-E-Elizabeth (_~Icllan­ us) 1.Voods, -::-I.Jetta (Force)• Dennis, "\Villiant r:adley, ~iary l!ad­ ley, ~Toseph C. I!Iatt .Tr. 0, J(atc l. Platte C, l{uth Sirnpson, .Jacob ]~i1nble, ~Iargaret (Sharp) ]~i1nble, Isabella Coats, .,;:\.lice .A.nn Ke1nble, Sarah~Victoi·ia Doiand, -:;-};Iary Catherine (_Doland) ~impson, Robert }lorgan, 1\.nna ~!organ, ~~1Iatthias Shepherd:. -r.,Vorthington Hooker Ingersoll, ➔;-~arah Bos,vell (Ingersoll) Lai\Y­ rence, Erneline (Longcore) Pellett, ~John ,·v esley Black, ~=-wi11ian1 Henry Spangenburg, *l\largaret Mc}Ianns, Sarah ..::\..n1anda Pig-. gery, *Ja1nes DeWitt C, Nancy DeVVitt, Ennna Sykes, Sarah Dickinson, .. Albert .A.. Nortlnvood C, ➔:•}.Iary (To,vnsend) Haines. C, *.. A.bigail Green, 1\manda Ellen Snook, Asa B. Peloubet C, John Kerr C, Helen ](err C, }fary ,Jane (Stonaback) Montross,. George Martin, .A.nnie ~Iartiu, I-Ielen Elizabeth Oln1an, Lisa C. Anderson, Frederick "\Villiatn l(ehren. 1872. Seyinour I.Jawrence, Elizabeth l">ollock Prentice C,. . ..A.ndrew Shorter_ C, ~Iargaret Shorter C,. ➔;-Francis Henry Tucker. 1873. Caroline Seward l(ehren, IIarriet Iona "\Villian1s, -;fElizabeth Ii.irkwood (Skinner) Linn, ~-Julia (Vibbert) Linn C, *Charles I-I. Linn C, ,John Edgar (\ ,Jeannette K. Edgar C, Thomas "\V arren Pellet. - .... 1874. *Laura (',Voods) I-lavens, James Prentice, Willia1n Simpson Chardavoyne, Robert H. Howell, En1erson Bennett Pot- 180 ter, .Julia (Si1npson) Cbardav-oyne. 18·,5 ~;-Lizzie (Bishop) Stevens, -::;-Elizabeth ~\.un (Case) l~ays, .;;-Daniel Stewart l\1cPeek, -::-;-~Iargaret E. (Cary) J\IcPeek, Isabel Shorter. 1876. Elizabeth C. (Ingersoll) Gill C, IIila C. Brown C, Darius lL Brown, Frederick Goodell, -:·:Caroline Bishop, Kate Barber, l\'larcus 13arnes DnYall C, I.aura Lovell (Brown) Lawrence, George Ryerson Skinner. 1S'7-T. Sarah C. (}Iunson) Bird C, Sarah Jane ,Yard, Susan \'ansyckle~ .A.lbert Stoll, EYa Couse C, Susie ~Iaria Gill, Cecil Dnnscombe Pelonbet, Elizabeth (Lewis) Shorter C, John Robert Spittle, Julia Spittle, Estin Peloubet, Jan1es Shorter, ➔ :Sarah Jane Drew. 186S. -::Sarah Elizabeth (Perry) Bross. 1879. lohn Bee1ner Shorter, .John l:I1mson, Jr., "\Vilbur Lazier Paddock, -:::Nathan Paddock, llenjamin Decker Potter, ➔fsnsan Dyn1ock, Ellen Eliza Young. 1880. Burtis C. ~Iegie, .Jr., Daniel Ilopl--ins ]~in1ble. 1881. -:::Maria (()shorn) Scott. 1882. )lar.r .Ja.ne (\Vashe11 ,Yilson, Carrie Teressa \Vick­ han1, Mary Lncetta ·\'Vickha1n~ 2\Iary 1\..nn Canfield, .J ererniah Canfield, ➔~Renja1nin ScQ!t, ➔:}:rn111a L. (Stoll) Price, ·If ..A.lta "\Voods, ..Josephine "'\Voods, -;:Experience }Jizabeth (vV oods) IIa1nilton, -;~Mary Dunning Linn, 7;-Ella .1\.. (Congleton) Doland, ➔~irary Eliz­ abeth (Sn1ith) Shorter C, ~:Richard "\'anDerhoof C, -;::Ofary J?. -Y anDerhoof C, ➔~Stephen I{oy Fitz Randolph C, ~~1Iar:r Enuna (Baxter) Fitz l{andolph, Sarah Elizabeth ,Vard. 1883. S. ~L\J.ice Sirnpson, Elizabeth Teel C, Irene "\Vard, Charlotte .r ohnson, ➔f,J nlia .Johnson, -;:Bethia ..c\.lward, John Mabee, Carrie "\Vestbrook (Roe) ~labee, .A.. r1ninda F. Lewis!" ==Francis C. Sheldon C, <~abriel' Ludlu1n J)nnning C, l\Iartha (Haines) II endershot. · 1884. Sarah Jane Lanteriuan C, 7:}Iattie (Baker) Ingersoll, Daniel L. Ogden C, ➔:David J)oland, ➔~irar\~in Clen1ent Potter, ➔fcecelia Ella Potter, Cora Ogden, Cora Ogden Beardslee~ ~~Lucy 1 Electa '\v-r alling, ~\Iida J~Ilen ( { anDerhoof) Ogden, ~:-.Ta1nes ,V. T-'atta. 1885. J[ary .1\..1111 (~!organ) 11 ahnage, ..:\.1nelia Clara (l{oe) ,vickban1, -;{-Sarah Ella (Congleton) Fredenburg, ==}fartin }labee :Fredenburg, 7;-:Frank S1nith Lanterman, Fred Irving Congleton, -:!-Emma Elizabeth ]3ird, *Sarah Elizabeth Ryerson, ➔~(ieorge ,v ashington Ryerson, J ehiel T. Lanter111an, ➔:Ephrairn Martin Kimble, *Levi Conrsen Pollison, 7.-J ohn Bishop, Henry Ogden Beardslee, Norman Nanny .Johnson, ==Esther Osborn, ➔:Emn1a REGISTER OF NORTH PRESBYTERIA.X CHCRCH OF HARDYSTON. 181 Jane Dymock, *En1ma Grace VanDenhoof, *Ella Drew, ~-Ernily Louisa (}fonks) Corner, *Edward DeKay Totten, *Ph11nn1a Tot­ ten *Mary Jeanetta (Haight) Latta,*Abby Delia (Haight) Booth, *Theodore Talrna2:e, ::iioses Piggery, ::Mary Irene (Blair) Mor­ gan, Williarn L. Finnegan, Laura Ellen (~!organ) Talmage, *Wil­ liam Pollison Blair, *Jamts G·. Irvin C, *Sarah C. Irvin C, *Min­ nie ~lay Irvin C, Aaron ~lead C, Jennie Burwell ~feade C,. *Na­ thaniel E. Seely C, *~Iichael Sutton Bedell C, *Susan M. Bedell 0, ::Angelina M. (Bedell) Simonson C, *~Iary Case, *Hattie Ann (Hopkins) Wheden, *Lucilla Price Ki1nble, *Martha Florence Lantz, *'Villiam Marshall Lantz, *Charlotte A. Kin1ble C, *Baron Leport "\Vilson, * Anna Mary (McPeek) Wilson, *Cornelia (Simp­ son) Stonaback, *G-eorge Washin?:ton S1nith, Gilbert B. Winters, *Malvina Della Potter, *Etta Delilah Scott. 18~6. E1nn1a Louisa Dingle, *John Ryerson Walling, *Charles Elmer Martin, *Henry Divers Bond, *Annetta Bond, *Charles McClellan Paddock, * Israel Davenport Chardevoyne, *Joseph Everett Bond, Nathaniel Drake Martin, John Wesley Monks, *Willia1n D. Bee1ner C, *~Iar_y Alice Beemer C, *Hannah M. Piggery C, *Harriet "\Vinfield C, *Joanna (Chardavoyne) Read C, *Matilda (Read) Sirnonson, *Sarah Jane (Sn1ith) Chardavoyne, *Barret Havens Chardavoyne, *Sarah Alice Alward, *Abraham Winfield, Almeda (Edsall) Winfield, * Anna Estelle Chardavoyne, *Hattie Sutton Chardavoyue .. 1887. *Horatio Seymour Potter, *JohnN. Decker C, *Mary R. Decker C. . 1888. *John C. Chandler C, *Lucy C. Chandler C, * Annie (McPeek) vV oods, *Thornas R. Simpson C, Mary ...'-\.lice Terhune.