PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, HAMBURG, N. J. 1869-1881. HARDYSTON l\!IENIORIAL. A HISTORY OF THE l'OWNSHIP -A...~ THE- NORTH PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, HARDYSTON, SUSSEX COUNTY, NEW JERSEY. BY ALANSON A. HAINES, PASTOR. NEWTON, N. J. NEW JERSEY HERALD PRINT. 1888. CoPYRIG..ET 18.8..8. 2-Y A. A. HAINES C-ONTENTS. CHAPTER. PAGE. I. lNDI.AN lNH.ABITANTS AND PIONEER SETILERS 7 11. SOME EARLY SETTLERS A~1n THEIR FAMILIES 25 III. EARLY FA~llLIES CONTINUED 48 IV. REVOLUTIONARY TnrEs 69 V. IR()N MA...'iUF ACTURE . 81 VI. I-I..A..~[BURG A~"'T> S01\IE OF ITS PEOPLE 95 VII. THE SECOND :vv AR ,v ITH ENGLA...'iD ; HAMBURG AND PATERSON TrRNPIKE RoAD ; CusToMs AND LocAL HISTORY 108 VIII. l\f KX:ICAN A..."J\fD Crr1L \VARS 122 IX. EARLY CHURCHES 130 X. NoRTII HARDYSTON AND II A~IBURG PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES 146 XI. M~ISTRY OF DR. FAIRCHILD A~"'T) MR. CA~IPBELL 152 XII. NORTH CnuRcH Co:NTINUED, AND HrsToRY OF OTHER CHURCHES IX IlARDYSTON 160 XIII. REGISTER OF NORTH PRESBYTERIAN" CHURCH 174 PREFACE. The purpose in preparing this volume has been to place in durable form such incidents of history belonging to the Town and the North Church of Hardyston as rnight be of interest to those 110,v living, as well as of value for future reference. The work is necessarily iinpe1fect, for only what is reme1nbered can be re­ corded, and many things deserving of notice have passed from n1en1ory. It is a n1atter of regret that the effort was not sooner 1nade. ()ur aged people have been rapidly passing away and n1nch that 1night have been gathered even twenty years ago is lost. \Vith gleanings fro1n all available sources it is believed that the n1ain facts of local history have been secured and are truth­ fully presented. (.;.rateful acknowledg1neut is made to kind friends for the generous aid they have given in the co111pilation of the work. CHAPTER I. INDIAN INH.A.BIT.Al'l..,fS .A1'TJ) FIRST SETTLERS. ,vhen the first settlers came to these regions they found them already in possession of a race of men known to ns as the American Indians, whose origin has given rise to 1nuch discussion among civilized people. Some have thought them indigenous to the land, and others that they emigrated fron1 the _old world over both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, or came down by way of Green­ land, or by Behring straits to Alaska. They have peculiarities which 1nark them as a distinct race. Their features and habits were such that they cannot be allied with any other type of men, but ren1ain separate by the1nselves. Had adventerons crews or stranded ships brought their progenitors here, hundreds and even thousands of years ago, resemblances could have been traced to the inhabitants of the old world, \Vhether they can1e from eastern _A.. sia, western Europe, or Africa. That they had been very nu1nerous, we judge from their sepulchers which are often invaded by the spade of the excavator. "\Vhere the plow turns the soil, we find every year, the stone in1plen1ents and flint arrow-heads of a prehistoric age. These are the principal Indian relics that remain to us. They are so abundant and are folmd in so 1nany localities as to prove the nun1ber and general diffusion of the old inhabitants. These stone i1nple1nents are of great variety and some of exquisite finish. They are 1nade of honestonc, jasper, chalcedony and flint. They are adapted to warlike, hunting and fishing purposes, as ,ve!l as to the rcquire1nents of con1mon life. There are arrow and lance heads, axes, some of ,vhich are grooved for handles, knives, ha1nmer stones, pestals and 111ortars. The chisels and gouges were used in peeling bark fro1n trees, and shaping the wood for purposes in \Yhich it was e1nployed. Their pipes were of various forms, s H.ARDYSTOX )IE:\IORIAL. beautifully polished, the bore being true, and they ·were fitted to a ,vooden sten1 which was orna1nented. The n1ound builders were evidently a 1nore cultivated people ,vho subsisted largely upon the products of the soil. The 1nodern Indians, when first discovered, were to some extent agricultm·al. They protected their villages by stockades and ditches, and were e:\.J)ert in many industrial pursuits. Their mats and baskets, their fishing nets and feather cloaks, have long disappeared. They had ornaments and beads, and belts decorated with wampum, 1nade with great skill and perseverance. It has been customary to speak of the Indian as the untutored savage. The habits of the Indians were different fron1 our own, but suited to the forest life they led. From the narrations of those who lived with them, as the boys captured and adopted into their tribes and afterwards released, we may believe that their lodges were abodes of happiness and, according to their prirr1itive tastes, even of con1fort. To suppose that the_y were so inferior to ,,hite 1nen as to have no refinement of sentiinent and attraction in character and bearing, ,vould be a great 1nistake. They ,vere ,nthout a written language, but by certain 1narks and pictured signs eould convey news of victories and losses, and the numbers of their own forces and of their ene1nies on a campaign. They had their legends in poetic forn1, which they con1mitted to n1emory and handed down fro1n generation to generation, and sang around their fires. But they had no II01ner to gather these legends and clothe the1n in in1mortal verse, and tell of s01ne Indian ...~chilies or IIect..or of undying fan1e. The language of the Delawares was said, by those who under­ stood and could appreciate it, to have been poetic and beautiful. Their young braves ,vere handson1e. Their old chiefs were venerable tn appearance. TLe young were tall, erect, and moved ,vith grace­ fulness. They were agile and skillful in capturtng the game with ,·c;thich the ,voods abounded and upon which they largely fed. The fish were abundant in the strea1ns and lakes, and were taken with bone hooks, or speared at night, when they were attracted to the ,vater's surface by the waving of :flaming torches. The whites learned lessons in hunting and fishing fro111 the Indians, and made Il'-t"'DIAN IXH ABITANTS A'ID FIRST SET'I'LERS. good use of the wo_od craft they derived fro1n thern. 01u· baskets' of oak splints ·are so1ne of then1 still n1ade upon their old patterns. The Indians raised corn, pu1npkins, squaehes, beans, and other vegetables, around their lodges. These were cultivated _by their squaws and the s1naller boys, while the men prided themselves on their prowess as hunters and trappers. They planted orchards of apple, pln_n1 and cher1~y trees. In 1ny ·boyhood there were Indian orchards still bearing fruit in old age, and son1e of their descendants 1nay still be found, where a native specimen stands by itself without mixture with those of European origin. Fifty years ago there were in this neighborhood several flats called "plnn1 bottoms," that produced the red Indian fruit in great profusion. The Indians had several varieties of cherries. The berries were 1nostly growing wild, although the red raspberries see1ns to have been planted and cultivated by then1. The government of the Indians 1nay be described as si1nple and patriarchal, and the chiefs exercised their authority for the ~ood of all th~ tribe. The sentirnent of exact justice prevailed, and har1nony and good feeling were preserved. The Lenni-Lenapi, called Dela,vares, fron1_ living in the regions adjoining the ]!elaware River, are the Indians with who1n our iinrnediate territory had the most to do. In 111any respects they are the n1ost interesting of the Indian tribes known to us, fro1n their historical legends and their intercourse with the early settlers. If the historian Palfrey giYes a· correct Yiew of the Indians of Kew England, our Delawares \,ere ,astly their superiors. Their language luts been pronounced the n1ost ex­ pressive of all the Indian tongues. They claitned to have been the earliest con1ers of all the Algonquin tribes,: and were called the grandfathers of the nations. They were naturally of a peaceful disposition~ and often the arbitrators between the tribes at '\"\... ar. One re1narkable tradition of the Lenni-Lenapi survives, aud we 1nay regard it as their traditional account of the subjugation .and expulsion of the race kno,vn to us as the " Mound Builders," whose gigantic works extend along the entire length of the Ohio and }Iississippi ri,ers and are found at points in the Middle States. 10 HARDYSTON :l\IE::\fORIAL. " Hundreds of years ago," they said, " they resided in a far a"·ay country toward the "\Vest. As they journeyed tow·ard the sun, they found the c0untry east of the J\'Iississippi possessed by a people, the Allegewi, who bad 1nany large towns. A great war ensued, in which the Allegewi were defeated and fled down the Mississippi, and the Lenni-Lenapi occupied their country in comn1on with the Iroquois, or Six Nations, ,vho had followed the1n fron1 the far "\Vest." · They bad three divisions or gr~t clans, l"llown by their en1- blems of the wolf, the turtle, and the turkey, which are still distin­ guished and held by the little surviving remnant now in the far off Indian Territory. Previous to the coming of white 1nen the Delawares had greatly decreased in numbers, and many a village fire had gone out never to be re-lighted. G~eat wars had thinned the ranks of their braves and spread desolation through their forest hon1es. Diseases, some of which had been in.trodnced by Europeans, spread among them and swept away 1nany thousands.